The best green manure for sowing in autumn for potatoes. Which green manure is better to sow for potatoes What green manure to sow in autumn for potatoes

Despite their popularity, potatoes are considered very complex plant in terms of cultivation. The culture requires fertile soil, saturated with nutrients. Before planting root crops, the soil must be carefully prepared. It is best to use manure, but today there is another, no less effective method. The essence of it is in the cultivation of green manure. Let us dwell in more detail on the choice of green fertilizers for potatoes, and also consider the features of their planting.

What green manure is suitable for potatoes

For potatoes, plants of the legume family will be excellent predecessors. Thanks to them, the earth is saturated with nitrogen and phosphorus. You can also plant cereal crops. They also perfectly protect the soil from drought and saturate it with vitamins.

If you plant rye and wheat in autumn, then for the winter a reliable protection of the earth from freezing is created. It makes the soil structure better, but the amount of nitrogen released is less.

Mustard

This is a cold-resistant fertilizer that can be sent to the ground several times per season. Mustard has a fast germination, so it is important to have time to mow the green mass before the first flowers form.

Mustard is a reliable protection against wireworms and weeds. The roots of a green plant saturate the soil organic matter, resulting in the ability to compensate for the lack of potassium. But how to plant mustard to fertilize the soil is indicated.

oats

Peas

An annual legume, which is so fond of gardeners due to its precocity. Peas are perfectly absorbed by the soil after decomposition. Thanks to him, it is possible to saturate the earth with humus and organic matter. But how is the sowing of peas in open ground, and how to do all the work with your own hands is indicated.

The accumulation of nitrogen from the air is carried out thanks to nodule bacteria, which are concentrated on the roots of peas.

Vika

This is mouse peas, which is a fast growing crop. It has a short growing season. In addition, vetch can be grown together with other green manure plants. Rye, rapeseed, mustard, oats and ryegrass will be excellent companions. Vika refers to leguminous plants. In the nodules of the root system, nitrogen accumulates. When the roots are rotted, the nitrogen turns into upper layer, and from there it saturates the root crops. If you plant a vetch along with other green manure, then it will allow you to get optimal composition humus, which is formed after the decomposition of green biomass.

sweet clover

For this plant, it is not necessary to select soil and growing conditions, since sweet clover is an unpretentious green manure. Due to the powerful root system, the accumulation of nitrogen occurs as quickly as its saturation in the soil. Thus, there is no need to dig the fertile layer after the removal of the stems. The soil will remain loose without cultivation. Sweet clover is used as an otavny method green manure(embedding roots into the ground after beveling the plant), because it root system for potatoes is much more useful than the aerial part.

radish

It will also be useful to learn about how the Hurricane weed control agent is used:

What to plant in spring and autumn

If you plant green manure for potatoes in the spring, then this should be done in April and no later than 2-3 weeks before planting root crops. This condition is extremely important to observe, since the plant must have time to rot in 3 weeks and give the earth all the necessary nutritional components. Find out which remedy is better for weeds at.

The process of planting green manure in beds.

During the cultivation of green manure in the spring, it is necessary to ensure that they do not produce seeds. If this happens, then the seeds will become a bait for the spread of weeds and will only bring harm. For spring sowing, you can choose the following green manure: fodder peas, mustard, phacelia and oats.

On the video - green manure for spring:

Concerning autumn planting green manure, then it is preferable to spring. And this is due to the fact that during the winter the green manure will be able to give the soil as many nutrients as possible, thereby increasing the yield of potatoes.

Autumn planting green manure will improve the structure of the soil, prevent the formation of weeds and scare away pests.

In addition, in the spring, when the movement of melt water is observed, it is possible to prevent the earth from erosion, weathering and overheating. sunbeams. Green manure crops such as alfalfa, vetch, peas, lupins and sweet clover are excellent for autumn planting.

How to properly sow

Before sowing green manure, the soil must be loosened. Then the plants will be able to fully develop and date required amount green mass. It is necessary to sow green manure 1.5 months before the cold sets in. If landing is carried out in the fall, then September is suitable.

Growing potatoes has long been for most of our compatriots something like national look sports: first, the whole family “team” is planted, then they selflessly fight against the Colorado potato beetles and, at the end, harvest together. If we take into account that in most cases gardeners have a fairly small plot of land in their assets, then the task becomes more complicated at times, because you need to grow potatoes and not deplete the land completely. What to sow in the winter after potatoes to improve the soil will tell our article.

What can be sown after harvesting potatoes?

It is possible to at least partially replenish the soil resource wasted during the cultivation of potatoes by sowing green manure plants: phacelia, mustard, rye, oats, vetch, lupine, etc. You can sow them either singly or all together. Legumes will help enrich the earth with nitrogen and nutrients, and mustard will become a reliable barrier for a wireworm that loves to eat potato tubers. For maximum effect sowing green manure can be combined with the application of organic fertilizers to the site.

How to sow mustard in the fall after potatoes?

You can start sowing mustard (like any other) after the crop and potato tops are fully harvested from the site, that is, in late September - early October. Mustard seeds are placed in the furrows made on the dug-up beds or simply spread over the surface of the soil, then sprinkling thin layer compost. Before the onset of frost, mustard has time not only to sprout, but also to grow enough. It is not necessary to mow and bury it in the ground in autumn - underground part plants will successfully rot until spring, and the ground one will act as mulch, protecting the fertile part of the soil from freezing and drying out.

To receive good harvest potatoes need a sufficient amount of nutrients. On the small area it is difficult to achieve this. Potatoes quickly impoverish the soil; not everyone has the opportunity to plant it every year on an uncultivated plot. For soil enrichment essential substances green manure plants can be planted.

There are about 400 species of such plants in the world. Green manure roots are able to extract from the lower layers of the soil the necessary substances for growing vegetables. Their leaves, stems contain a large number of useful elements, which, after decay, pass into the ground.

Green manure is a natural fertilizer for many crops. Thanks to them, the soil, in the time free from sowing crops, is not overgrown with weeds. They reduce the acidity of the soil, activate the work of soil microorganisms, enrich the soil with organic matter, and contribute to the accumulation of vital nutrients in it: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.

The roots of some green manure loosen the soil. Increase its air and water permeability. The benefits obtained from such plants are comparable to the benefits of introducing manure and peat into the ground.

General growing rules

Green manure is chosen according to the type of soil. In clayey, swampy areas, it is best to plant legumes. Lupine will not grow in such a place. In heavy, rocky soil, it is recommended to plant sainfoin. Cereals grow well on poor soils. You can not choose a green manure of the same family as the culture that will be planted after it.

The best way planting green manure for potatoes - choose several types of plants of different families, each of which will be responsible for:

pest repellent;
prevent the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms;
soil enrichment with organic matter, minerals.

Land for planting should be loose. Seeds should be sown in furrows. Some gardeners throw them around the site and bury them with a rake. Watering should be done carefully so that they do not come to the surface of the earth along with water.

It is necessary to plant about 2 kg of seeds per 1 weave. For each crop, it is necessary to know the seeding density. It is impossible to thicken green manure thickets, as they begin to rot, but also rare landings do not give good results.

All plants must be cut before flowering.

What to sow green manure for potatoes

The best green manure for potatoes are plants of the legume family and mustard. Legumes enrich the soil with nitrogen and phosphorus. They are planted immediately after harvesting the tubers.

Suitable as green manure for potatoes:

oats;
sardella;
mustard;
lupine;
lentils;
alfalfa;
peas;
rye;
sweet clover;
beans;
Vika;
rape;
alfalfa.

There is an opinion that corn can be planted as natural fertilizer. It is recommended to plant it not in the soil under the potatoes, but next to the beds. So it will protect vegetables from the sun and wind.

Sowing time

Green manure can be sown both in autumn after harvesting and in spring before planting potatoes. It is best to do this at the end of the season. During the autumn - spring period, they will have time to rot, give everything to the soil necessary elements nutrition.

During the growing season, green manure is sown between the rows of potatoes. The planting of green manure is alternated annually. It is not recommended to sow the same plants in the same place every year.

Autumn into winter

autumn sowing natural fertilizer must be carried out no later than 1.5 months before frost. The best option- start growing them immediately after harvesting. In order for them to gain a sufficient amount of green mass, they need to be watered regularly.

After the plants have gained sufficient greenery, they must be mowed and tucked into the ground when digging. By spring, they will have time to rot.

In the fall, most often as green manure after potatoes are planted:

white mustard;
oats;
alfalfa;
peas;
phacelia;
radish;
rape.

For sowing late autumn it is best to choose winter rye. Sow last year's seeds by scattering over the site. Then cover them with a small layer of compost. The first shoots appear in early spring. Mow rye a month before planting vegetables. She tolerates well low temperatures. It can be planted in any soil.

Rye is the best predecessor of potatoes. There is an opinion that planting this cereal attracts pests.

Rapeseed is second only to legumes in terms of quality. Its vegetative parts quickly decompose, saturating the soil with the necessary substances for potatoes. Essential oils in its composition repel pests. Spring rapeseed is an excellent precursor to nightshade.

How to plant potatoes in the winter right in green manure? More in the video:

spring

In the spring, green manure is sown no earlier than the end of April, the beginning of May. By the time of landing, the snow should completely melt, and the earth should warm up.

It is impossible to allow excessive overgrowth of green manure. They are grown for about 2 weeks. They should not have time to form seeds.

The best green manure before potatoes:

oats;
mustard;
phacelia;
lupine;
rape;
rye.

Plants are cut a few weeks before tubers are planted. Then they plow the land along with the greens.

Lupine is one of best crops for planting in the area where potatoes will grow in the future. It takes about 5 weeks to grow. Lupine's long roots improve soil properties.

What green manure can be planted between rows of potatoes?

Natural fertilizers can also be planted during the growing season of vegetables. In summer, next to the rows of potatoes in the aisles, you can plant:

calendula;
legumes;
buckwheat;
nasturtium.

Calendula, nasturtium will not only nourish potatoes, but also repel insects.

Are there universal green manures for potatoes?

There is no universal crop for planting potatoes. Each plant has its own beneficial properties. It is recommended to plant several siderates together. There are crops that can bring versatile benefits to vegetables. Phacelia can be attributed to such plants.

It not only nourishes the earth, but also protects the beds from overgrowth of weeds and pest invasion. It can be planted both after potatoes and before it. It is also a crop that is planted between rows of vegetables and berries.

For pest and weed control

Mustard is able to protect potato tubers from wireworm invasions, beetle larvae. The same properties are possessed by colza, phacelia, sweet clover.

Mustard can be planted several times per season. It quickly gains green mass, which eliminates the possibility of overgrowing the area with weeds. Its ability to protect vegetables from late blight infection was noted.

It enriches the soil with potassium and phosphorus. Helps retain moisture in the soil. It can be used for sowing between rows.

Sweet clover extracts nutrients from the deep layers of the earth due to its roots, loosens the soil.

Another crop that can protect the site from weeds is oats. It can be planted both in spring and autumn. At the beginning of the season, oats are sown immediately after the snow melts and the soil warms up. Autumn sowing should be no later than mid-September. For the same purposes, you can plant such plants as:

clover;
buckwheat;
alfalfa;
radish;
nasturtium.

To protect the bushes from the Colorado potato beetle, it is advised to plant flax. The ability to repel pests in calendula, nasturtium was noted.

What is not suitable for potatoes?

Plots with wheat crops can be chosen by pests. Therefore, it should also not be chosen as a precursor for potatoes.

What plants can be planted to "treat" the soil?

If crops that were affected by diseases grew in the area where it is planned to plant potatoes, the land should be “cured” before planting. For this, the following siderates are used:

rapeseed;
oil radish;
rape;
white mustard.

Green manure preserve soil fertility, fight pests, infections. To improve the land, it is recommended to sow plants of different families in one place and alternate them annually. The best fertilizer option for potatoes is to plant legumes and mustard on the plot in the fall. These fertilizers are completely safe, and also inexpensive.

Potatoes are popular vegetable crop, which loves nutritious land that is not littered with pesticides. It is grown in most regions of the country both on small household plots and large agricultural enterprises.

In order for the potato to grow successfully and bear fruit, it should be fed correctly and in a timely manner.

Siderates are plants that are sown in the fertile top layer of the earth in order to improve it. quality characteristics. Such crops close up in spring or autumn during plowing. When the plant mass rots, many nutrients are formed that are useful for those vegetables that will grow in this area in the future.

The benefits of green manure for potatoes

Green manure is an environmentally friendly fertilizer, actively used in agriculture and horticulture. Their use allows:

enrich the earth with mineral components (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus);
provide reliable protection crop from fungus, infections and pests;
resist the emergence of weeds;
restore the normal acidity of the earth.

Green manure plants include crops of the following families:

cruciferous;
cereals;
legumes;
aster;
buckwheat.

Annuals are actively involved in the fertilization of potatoes:

rape;
colza;
phacelia;
lentils;
alfalfa;
rye;
wheat;
mustard.

Sowing of top dressing plants is of the following types:

Self-sufficient: the auxiliary crop grows separately from others throughout the season.
Mixed: green manure is planted simultaneously with the main crop.
Intermediate: sowing "helpers" is carried out in the off-season.
Rocker: alternate vegetable rows with green manure.

Thanks to green manure, the quality of the soil improves, the fruits of potatoes on the updated and enriched useful substances soil are better formed and ripen, the yield of potatoes increases several times.

Yield boost

Plant siderates of the legume, cruciferous, and cereal families help to increase productivity. Their decay products in terms of nutritional value can replace almost any organic top dressing.

Often sown on the territory for potatoes:

vetch;
field peas;
buckwheat;
mustard;
alfalfa.

When rotting, such crops form nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. They are sown in autumn after harvest.

Protection against pests and weeds

In order to protect the future crop from harmful insects and weeds are planted:

lupins, phacelia: they protect fruits from damage by nematodes;
flax: saves potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle;
mustard: relieves attacks of slugs;
peas, buckwheat: fight weeds;
oilseed radish, rapeseed: help get rid of fungal diseases of tubers.

Green manure suitable for potatoes

All families of green manure are well suited for potatoes, except for nightshade. When choosing a fertilizer, be sure to take into account the purpose of its use. Experienced agronomists advise making a mixture of plant seeds and sowing the entire territory with it at the same time.

Legumes

Plants of this family are better suited for potatoes than others. Effective top dressing are:

Vika: restores the structure of the soil, prevents its destruction, performs a protective function.
Sweet clover: improves the condition of the earth, enriches it with nutrients, protects potatoes from nematodes and wireworms.

Green manure should be used depending on the presence or absence of good nutrition for seedlings. Fertilizers can be combined with each other to achieve the best result.

cruciferous

Representatives of this family have a beneficial effect on the composition of the soil, and also relieve potatoes from viral diseases, prevent the appearance of pests in tubers and tops, and contribute to an increase in green mass.

From cruciferous for potatoes are suitable:

White mustard: helps to increase the volume of dry matter in the tops, loosens the soil, prevents the growth of weeds.
Oilseed radish: makes the soil looser, helps to moisten it.

cereals

Among the cereal siderates, the most popular are:

Rye: contributes to the formation and accumulation of organic matter in the soil, increases the nitrogen content in the soil.
Oats: is the source organic compounds, adversely affects weeds, eliminates nematodes, fungus, scab, rot damage to the root system.

Cereals after their cultivation form a nutrient mass, which in its nutritional value is equivalent to manure.

Phacelia has a positive effect on potatoes. It ripens quickly, gives a large amount of fertilizer. The plant is unpretentious to weather conditions, resistant to cold, serves as fodder for livestock.

Potato field sideration technology

Siderates for potatoes are brought in in the spring and autumn.

How to prepare the soil?

The level of preparation of the fertile layer depends on the season in which the fertilizer is sown. In the spring, the soil should be dug up well, let it warm up. In autumn, this manipulation should not be carried out.

How to choose siderat?

Any of the above green manures is suitable for potatoes. When choosing a fertilizer, consider:

soil composition;
its saturation with organic matter and minerals;
susceptibility to the negative effects of pests.

For clay soil and loam will be useful phacelia. On sour, it is better to plant crops of the legume family (vetch, peas, clover, sweet clover).

In the spring, green manure is sown in plowed, well-heated land. For better seed germination, beds 7 cm deep are made before sowing. In autumn planting material they simply scatter it on the territory, mixing it with manure.

Fertilization is of the following types:

Full: growing plantations are embedded in the soil to a depth of 10 cm.
Mowing: immediately before plowing, fertilizers are mowed, scattered over the entire area of the field.
Otavnoe: only green manure roots are used as top dressing.

Why bring in the spring?

Siderates for potatoes planted in spring grow more actively and give more green masses, effectively protect the fields from pests. Planting potatoes is carried out after the plants rot and soak into the soil.

Can it be planted in autumn?

Siderates for potatoes in the fall, after harvesting, must be planted. Vegetable top dressing is useful in that it gives the earth the opportunity to rest and be nourished with useful substances formed after the decay of the green mass. Sowing green manure is carried out 1-1.5 months before the onset of frost.

The main mistakes when siderating potatoes

To plant nutrition has benefited and improved the quality of the soil, it is necessary to strictly observe the main rules for its planting.

When growing "green manure" for potatoes, you can not:

To allow the height of their stems to be exceeded: a large amount of plant green mass in the ground does not decompose, but turns sour. Plants must be plowed into the ground in a timely manner.
Use sunflower as a fertilizer.
Use the same green manure for all types of soil.
For several years in a row, sow only one type of fertilizer.
Allow flowering and seed formation on green manure.

Green manure crops are sown regularly, they need to be alternated every year.

The effect of planting such crops occurs only after a few seasons.

Siderates after potatoes

In autumn, after harvesting, the land is significantly depleted. To restore its fertility and saturate the soil with useful substances, it is permissible to plant any type of green manure.

Unwanted neighborhood with other cultures

It is not recommended to plant tomatoes next to potatoes. This is due to the fact that these vegetables have common enemies: late blight, Colorado beetles. Many vegetable growers do not recommend using cereals as green top dressing (except for oats and rye).

The use of green manure on the site increases the yield of potatoes, affects taste qualities vegetables. Plant fertilizers are environmentally friendly, do not harm human health and can fully replace agricultural chemicals.

Siderates are companion plants for horticultural crops: potatoes, cabbage, tomatoes, etc. Their main purpose is to enrich depleted soil with nutrients. Siderates for potatoes have other useful properties: Destroy pests and fight weeds.

Mustard

Thanks to its resistance to climate change, wild plant species are distributed throughout the world. AT middle lane Russia is better to use varieties of white mustard for planting. They are undemanding to care and have a high germination rate.

The benefits of mustard for potatoes

After overheating the green mass of mustard, the soil is enriched with organic matter and humus. Fertilizer prevents the growth of weeds. In the leaves of the plant large quantities contained essential oils, therefore, there are no pests next to it: codling moth and wireworms.

The use of mustard as a green manure for potatoes enriches the soil with phosphorus and nitrogen. It prevents the leaching of magnesium and calcium salts from the soil. If you sow mustard in the spring, it will prevent tubers from being affected by fruit rot.

When decomposed in the soil, mustard biomass forms an effective fertilizer and increases the yield of potatoes several times. The size and number of root crops is increasing.

How to grow mustard

For better germination planting material is sown in rows at a distance of 25–30 cm and 10 cm from each other. Mustard seeds are quite small, so they do not need to be buried to speed up germination. After a week, the first sprouts will hatch and quickly turn into small bushes.

When to plant mustard

To give potatoes bountiful harvest, green manure is introduced into the soil before planting. Mustard is sown in early April and a month later the soil is fertilized and the main crop is planted.

For the general improvement of garden soil, mustard can be sown in the winter way. In autumn, after harvesting the main crop, green manure is planted in cleared loose soil.

How to apply mustard

In order for the fertilizer to decompose well, the green manure bushes are cut before flowering and brought into the soil with a chopper. To speed up processing, the earth must be periodically moistened. It is recommended to add a concentrate with effective microorganisms (EM) to the irrigation water.

How to prepare EM preparations

Stimulants for quickly overheating mustard are easy to make yourself:

Mustard between rows of potatoes

To fight Colorado potato beetle and a bear, mustard is sown when planting potatoes between rows. Siderate is not cut and allowed to develop and bloom on a par with vegetables. The neighborhood of plants has a positive effect on each other and does not allow weeds to grow.

After harvest garden plot dig up. On the next year the soil will be enriched with all the necessary trace elements, and early potatoes can be planted.

Additional green manure for potatoes

As a green fertilizer before planting and after harvesting potatoes, legumes, oilseeds and cereals have proven themselves well.

Lupine

The plant is used on acidic soils (pH<7). Высеивают люпин с наступлением тёплых дней (+10⁰С) и до поздней осени. После появления соцветий сидерат скашивают и с помощью мотыги заделывают в землю. На удобренном участке весной высаживают картофель.

oats

The roots of the plant contain substances that prevent fruit rot. Oats are sown in early autumn so that they have time to grow before the onset of frost. Grain can not be mowed, but left for natural decay for the winter. In the spring, it is enough to dig up and loosen the bed for potatoes.

Vika

If in the coming season a plot of land is not planned for cultivation, then vetch (mouse peas) is sown as green manure. This legume climbing plant drains the soil, enriches it with nitrogen and phosphorus. Seed consumption - 3 kg per hundred square meters. Mow the vetch before the pods ripen.

Phacelia

For general soil improvement, phacelia is planted in unoccupied areas up to 3–4 times per season. As it grows, the green manure is mowed and re-sown. In autumn, the soil is plowed. Phacelia roots improve humus and are a source of nitrogen-containing substances.

Flax leaves contain tannin, which repels the Colorado potato beetle. Seeds are deepened between rows of root crops at a distance of 20 cm. The optimal time for planting is June - July.

Rye

Winter rye is suitable for clay and sandy soils. This cereal retains micronutrients in the soil during spring melt waters.

sweet clover

The popular name of sweet clover is wild buckwheat, Italian grass. The plant belongs to the legume family, unpretentious and develops rapidly. It has a strong root system and does not require digging the soil. Apply after harvest.

Sainfoin

The legume does not freeze, forms an abundant green mass even on stony soils. The root system loosens dense heavy soil and increases air exchange. The consumption rate of planting material is 1 kg per hundred square meters.

Neighbor plants have a good effect on the yield of potatoes:

Potato root crops greatly deplete the soil, so it is necessary to enrich the land with natural fertilizers every year, changing the types of green manure.

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