Organic fertilizer for garden plants. What fertilizer is needed for the garden? Natural fertilizers from grass and weeds
Astrakhan tomatoes ripen remarkably lying on the ground, but you should not repeat this experience in the Moscow region. Our tomatoes need support, support, a garter. My neighbors use all sorts of pegs, garters, loops, ready-made plant supports, and mesh fences. Each method of plant fixation in vertical position has its merits and side effects". I'll tell you how I place tomato bushes on trellises, and what comes of it.
Flies - a sign of unsanitary conditions and carriers infectious diseases hazardous to both humans and animals. People are constantly looking for ways to get rid of nasty insects. In this article, we will talk about the Zlobny TED brand, which specializes in fly protection products and knows a lot about them. The manufacturer has developed a specialized line of drugs to get rid of flying insects anywhere quickly, safely and without extra costs.
summer months- flowering time of hydrangeas. This beautiful deciduous shrub luxuriously fragrant with flowers from June to September. Florists willingly use large inflorescences for wedding decors and bouquets. To admire the beauty flowering bush hydrangeas in your garden, you should take care of the proper conditions for it. Unfortunately, some hydrangeas do not bloom year after year, despite the care and efforts of gardeners. Why this happens, we will tell in the article.
Every summer resident knows that plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for full development. These are the three main macronutrients, the deficiency of which significantly affects appearance and crop yield, and advanced cases may lead to their death. But at the same time, not everyone understands the importance of other macro- and microelements for plant health. And they are important not only in themselves, but also for the effective absorption of the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
garden strawberry, or strawberry, as we used to call it, is one of the early fragrant berries that summer generously endows us with. How we rejoice in this harvest! In order for the "berry boom" to repeat every year, we need to take care of the care of the berry bushes in the summer (after the end of fruiting). The laying of flower buds, from which ovaries will form in spring, and berries in summer, begins approximately 30 days after the end of fruiting.
Spicy pickled watermelon is a savory snack for fatty meat. Watermelons and watermelon rinds have been pickled since time immemorial, but the process is laborious and time consuming. According to my recipe, it’s easy to cook pickled watermelon in 10 minutes, and a spicy snack will be ready by the evening. The watermelon marinated with spices and chili is stored in the refrigerator for several days. Be sure to keep the jar in the refrigerator, not only for the sake of preservation - chilled, this snack is just licking your fingers!
Among the variety of species and hybrids of philodendrons, there are many plants, both gigantic and compact. But not a single species competes in unpretentiousness with the main modest - blushing philodendron. True, his modesty does not concern the appearance of the plant. Reddening stems and cuttings, huge leaves, long shoots, forming, although very large, but also strikingly elegant silhouette, look very elegant. Philodendron blushing requires only one thing - at least minimal care.
Thick Chickpea Soup with Vegetables and Egg is an easy recipe for a hearty first course inspired by Oriental cuisine. Similar thick soups are prepared in India, Morocco, and the countries of Southeast Asia. The tone is set by spices and seasonings - garlic, chili, ginger and a bouquet of spicy spices, which can be assembled to your liking. It is better to fry vegetables and spices in melted butter (ghee) or mix olive oil and butter in a saucepan, this, of course, is not the same, but it tastes similar.
Plum - well, who does not know her ?! She is loved by many gardeners. And all because it has an impressive list of varieties, it surprises excellent harvests, pleases with its variety in terms of ripening and a huge selection of color, shape and taste of fruits. Yes, somewhere she feels better, somewhere worse, but almost no summer resident refuses to grow her on her plot. Today it can be found not only in the south, in middle lane, but also in the Urals, in Siberia.
Many decorative and fruit crops, except for drought-resistant ones, suffer from the scorching sun, and conifers in the winter-spring period - from sunlight, enhanced by reflection from snow. In this article we will talk about a unique preparation for protecting plants from sunburn and drought - Sunshet Agrosuccess. The problem is relevant for most regions of Russia. February and early March Sun rays become more active, and the plants are not yet ready for new conditions.
“Each vegetable has its own time”, and each plant has its own optimal time for planting. Anyone who has experienced planting is well aware that the hot season for planting is spring and autumn. This is due to several factors: in spring, the plants have not yet started to grow rapidly, there is no sweltering heat, and precipitation often falls. However, no matter how hard we try, circumstances often develop in such a way that landings have to be carried out at the very height of summer.
Chile con carne translated from Spanish- chili with meat. This is a Texan and Mexican dish whose main ingredients are chili peppers and minced beef. In addition to the main products, there are onions, carrots, tomatoes, and beans. This red lentil chili recipe is delicious! The dish is fiery, burning, very satisfying and amazingly tasty! You can cook a large pot, arrange in containers and freeze - a whole week will be a delicious dinner.
Cucumber is one of my favorites horticultural crops our gardeners. However, not all and not always gardeners manage to get really good harvest. And although growing cucumbers requires regular attention and care, there is a little secret that will significantly increase their yield. It's about pinching cucumbers. Why, how and when to pinch cucumbers, we will tell in the article. An important point The agricultural technique of cucumbers is their formation, or type of growth.
Now every gardener has the opportunity to grow absolutely organic, healthy fruits and vegetables in his own garden. The microbiological fertilizer Atlant will help in this. It contains helper bacteria that settle in the zone of the root system and begin to work for the benefit of the plant, allowing it to actively grow, stay healthy and give high yields. Usually, many microorganisms coexist around the root system of plants.
Summer is associated with beautiful flowers. Both in the garden and in the rooms you want to admire the luxurious inflorescences and touching flowers. And for this it is not at all necessary to use cut bouquets. In the range of the best indoor plants many beautiful flowering species. They are in the summer when they get the brightest light and optimal duration. daylight hours, able to outshine any bouquet. Short-lived or just annual crops look like living bouquets.
Early spring is a hot time for summer residents. With the first rays of the sun, they rush to their plots to prepare the garden for summer season: remove last year's foliage and debris, whitewash trunks, prune trees, treat for insects. During this period, the foundations of the future harvest are laid: it is necessary to select and apply fertilizers for the garden and garden in the spring, when the earth is most susceptible to organic and mineral supplements.
Features of spring fertilizer
Spring is the most crucial period and the most auspicious time to fertilize the soil. At the start, plants especially need nutrients to stimulate their rapid growth and development. It is very important to choose the right garden fertilizers in order to properly start the mechanism of interaction between plants and microorganisms living in the soil. Fertilizing the garden in the spring saturates the earth with useful substances that will nourish it until the fall. After the snow has melted, you can immediately start feeding fruit trees. Flowers and vegetable crops it is best to process immediately before planting.
You need to start fertilizing yourself in early spring
Fertilizers for the garden and the garden are of organic and mineral origin, as well as combined top dressing. The choice of one or another means depends on the condition of the soil, varieties of vegetable and horticultural crops, and, of course, from the preferences of the gardener himself. The main principle here is not to overdo it, because an excess of fertilizers can also adversely affect plants, as well as their lack. An excess of organic matter of animal origin can cause infection of plants by a fungus. You should also be careful with mineral compositions and strictly follow the instructions when using them.
organic fertilizers
Organic fertilizers include manure, peat, bird droppings, ash, compost. They are not absorbed by plants on their own, their main mission is different - to stimulate the activity of microorganisms that are in the ground: bacteria, fungi, worms, which, as a result of their vital activity, improve the condition and quality of the soil.
Undoubtedly, manure is one of the most popular organic fertilizers, but there are certain limitations in its use: it cannot be applied to fresh. Cow dung is collected in a heap, covered with a layer of peat about 20 cm and left in this form for the whole summer so that it rots. Horse before use should lie down for no more than three weeks, if left for a longer period, it may burn out. Experts recommend adding mineral fertilizers: per 100 kg - 2 kg of superphosphate. It is useful to apply this composition to the soil every two years.
Manure saturates the soil with useful substances
This is a very valuable fertilizer. It contains more beneficial substances that are favorable for soil microflora than manure, and in terms of reaction speed it surpasses mineral compositions. It is considered the best chicken manure, which has in its composition many minerals and biologically active substances, but they do not withstand long-term storage and evaporate quickly. For 1.5 months of "lying" in a pile, the litter loses a significant part useful substances. To avoid this, it is often composted or dried. For autumn or spring digging, fertilizer is applied at the rate of 250 g per 1 sq. m of land.
Bird droppings are great for basic feeding
Ash
wood ash is beautiful organic fertilizer With great content minerals easily absorbed by plants. It can be stored for years without losing its beneficial properties. It is poured when planting a plant in a hole along with compost and manure. The soil fertilized in this way does not need additional fertilizing and will nourish the plant with useful substances for several years.
Wood ash is used for root and foliar dressings
Mineral fertilizers
Mineral fertilizers for garden flowers and garden crops help plants survive the winter, not get sick and bring a good harvest. They are phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium.
Phosphate fertilizers
Phosphorus is necessary for plants to form a strong root system, it also contributes to the formation of flower buds and fruits. The most popular phosphate fertilizers are superphosphate and phosphate rock. For quick absorption, it is best used in liquid form. Before application, the fertilizer is soaked in water for 72 hours. Superphosphate is an excellent fertilizer for hydrangeas and other flower crops. It is recommended to add it when planting, as well as during the formation of buds.
Superphosphate is produced in the form of large granules
nitrogen fertilizers
All types of nitrate (calcium, ammonia, potassium, sodium), urea (urea) and azofoska are suitable for spring garden fertilizer. They can be used both in liquid and dry state. For watering seedlings and spraying foliage in spring, 10 g ammonium nitrate diluted in 10 liters of water. Dry nitrogen mixtures introduced in the spring stimulate fast growth foliage. Under trees and shrubs, they must be applied twice: in spring, immediately after the snow melts, and at the beginning of summer. Sodium and calcium nitrate are best suited for acidic soil, and ammonium sulfate is used for clay soil.
Nitrogen fertilization enhances plant growth and development
Potassium increases the vitality of plants, helps them fight pests and survive in difficult weather conditions: frosts and droughts. Apply to soil or spray plants potash fertilizers it is necessary regularly, because they are quickly washed away by rain. This top dressing is best absorbed when mixed with phosphorus fertilizers.
Potash compatible with all types of fertilizers
biological fertilizer
The homeopathic fertilizer "Healthy Garden" developed by St. Petersburg scientists is great addition to organic and mineral supplements. It increases the resistance of horticultural crops to many diseases, fungi and pests, clears nitrates, and prevents the accumulation of pesticides that have entered the soil. It is especially recommended for gardeners whose plots are located near the highway. "Healthy Garden" is sold in the form of granules, which are diluted in water in the ratio: 2 pieces per liter of water. The composition can be watered or sprayed on both young and perennials.
Fertilizer "Healthy garden" protects plants from pests and diseases
Every summer resident knows: the more care and attention he pays to his garden in the spring, the greater the confidence that a good harvest awaits him in the summer. spring fertilizer garden plays a key role in this. But in everything you need to follow the measure, choose fertilizers in accordance with the type of soil, follow the instructions for using the preparations, and then you will have an excellent result.
Video: chemical fertilizers
Natural organic fertilizers
Natural organic fertilizers are of animal and vegetable origin, and therefore affect the soil in different ways. So, fertilizers of animal origin have a greater impact on its chemical composition, and vegetable - affect the physical qualities of the soil.
However, regardless of origin, most organic fertilizers have a good effect on both physical and Chemical properties soil. In addition, organic fertilizers of several types can be combined, combining them with each other.
Most of the organic fertilizers are classified as complete fertilizers, i.e. they contain in a form accessible to plants all necessary elements nutrition: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, many trace elements, vitamins and hormones.
Manure
Manure occupies a leading place among organic fertilizers of animal origin, although, due to its low nutrient content, it (especially cow, sheep and rabbit) does not so much fertilize as it improves soil structure. In other words, manure is a soil conditioner that improves its ability to hold water. nutrients available to plants. Thanks to this property of manure, the benefits of other organic and mineral fertilizers .
Manure, which has bedding material as a basis, is called stall manure. Its composition differs depending on the type of animal and the litter material (straw, peat, sawdust, wood shavings).
Manure with straw bedding has a good structure and is distinguished high quality, since the straw, overheating, enriches it with additional nutrients.
Manure with peat bedding is less common, while peat absorbs animal feces well and retains ammonia, retaining the nitrogen part of this organic fertilizer.
sawdust and wood chips used as bedding quite often, but they are not effective enough.
According to the types of animals, manure is divided into horse, goat, sheep, pig, rabbit (litter) and cattle.
Horse dung
Horse manure is distinguished by its porous structure and high airiness; it is widely used as the main component of a mixture for growing mushrooms. It decomposes quickly, while releasing more heat than other types, so) "heats the soil well. This property makes horse dung optimal remedy for heating greenhouses.
cow dung
Cattle manure, and more often cow dung, or mullein, has a denser structure compared to horse. It decomposes more slowly and generates less heat, making it an all-purpose fertilizer for all soils.
❧ The essence of the manure heat transfer process is as follows: under the influence of rapidly developing microflora, the manure in the heap heats up and decomposes. At the same time, it allocates a lot of tesh and a large number of nitrogen.
Cow dung is rich in key nutrients, including nitrogen, which is found in a plant-friendly form.
Sheep and goat manure
The processes that occur in sheep and goat manure are similar to those that occur with horse manure. These two types of manure also decompose quickly, generating heat that, under certain conditions, can damage plants.
Pig manure
Pig manure and other hazardous organic fertilizers (excrements of all carnivores (including cats and dogs), as well as human feces) should not be used in gardens and summer cottages, as they can cause severe infections.
In addition, pig manure is considered the least useful of all types. Firstly, it is characterized by an unsaturated watery structure and a slow, long decomposition process. Secondly, despite the fact that it contains a lot of valuable substances, they are in a form unfavorable for plants. Thirdly, pig manure is considered "cold", since the heat transfer from its decomposition is small.
liquid manure
Litterless liquid manure, or slurry, is an excellent nitrogen-potassium fertilizer, which is valued for its speed of action and the ability to use it almost constantly. As needed, it is diluted in water and applied as a root dressing.
Rules for the use of manure
Any type of manure can be used, observing certain rules. Thus, in no case should fresh manure be applied under plant crops, since in the process of its decomposition, gases are formed in the soil that are toxic to the root system. In addition, the result of this process is also the release of a significant amount of heat, which can lead to the "burning" of the plant.
Another reason for the ban is that the undecomposed organic matter in the manure contains a large number of germinating seeds. weeds. In addition, the very form of nutrients from undecomposed organic substances is inaccessible to plants. Thus, only manure that has reached a certain stage of decomposition can be used.
Humus
According to the degree of decomposition, manure can be semi-rotted and rotted, and also represent the actual humus. Semi-rotted manure is colored dark brown, and its weight during the initial decomposition is reduced by 20-30%.
Decomposed manure is a valuable natural organic fertilizer, which has the form of a homogeneous black mass, in which it is impossible to distinguish separate parts litter, and the decomposed nutrients have acquired a form digestible for plants.
Humus is the most valuable soft natural organic fertilizer, which is formed as a result of long-term decomposition of manure, foliage, grass, straw and other plant residues. The humus can be incorporated into the soil, mixed into the ground for seedlings, sprinkled under crops, and used in mixtures with mulching materials.
Humus and rotted manure, after being introduced into the soil, immediately begin to be absorbed by plants, so they are best used in the garden or in the garden.
Compost
Composts are various natural organic fertilizers that can be produced on the territory of your personal plot by making a compost heap. It is usually used to put all the weed grass after weeding the garden, mowed lawn grass and organic kitchen waste, predominantly of vegetable origin.
The materials used to make compost are different composition and value and differ in terms of decomposition. In addition, fresh cow dung can be added to the compost heap, which will significantly improve the quality of the resulting compost.
The entire mass of waste must be poured over with several layers of ordinary garden or garden soil. After 3 years, the organic mass completely rots, turning into a homogeneous brown crumbly mass - a valuable organic fertilizer and an excellent mulching material. Perhaps the only drawback of this wonderful fertilizer is that it almost always turns out a small amount, which is barely enough for top dressing and mulching.
Peat
Peat is an excellent natural organic fertilizer that improves and lightens the structure of the soil so that it is quite suitable for improving the quality of clay soil or heavy loam. However, not every type of peat can be used to fertilize the soil in its pure form. For example, peat, which has a neutral reaction and contains a lot of calcium in the ash, is quite suitable for this purpose, while peat with an acidic reaction and large quantity iron and aluminum in the ash - no.
Peat is raised, lowland and transitional. High-moor, or sphagnum peat (the most acidic) is a slightly decomposed product, therefore it is unsuitable for direct use as a fertilizer. However, it can be composted after treatment with ground lime carbonate, and then used as a finished fertilizer on various types soils, if you need to improve them physical properties and enrich with humus.
High-moor and transitional peat after primary processing can be added to composts or used for soil mulching. In the case of composting, lime, phosphate rock and other mineral fertilizers, as well as manure, bird droppings and other types of organic matter are added to high-moor peat.
Lowland peat is a completely processed product that can be used for fertilization and composting without pre-treatment. It can have a slightly acidic and sometimes neutral reaction, which is explained by the high content of calcium. In its pure form, such peat can be used for liming, and only well-weathered lowland peat with a high degree decomposition containing more than 5% calcium or more than 2% phosphorus.
bird droppings
Bird manure is a complete organic fertilizer that contains more nutrients than all other types of manure. In this case, the litter of chickens and pigeons is considered the most useful.
Bird droppings quickly decompose and act, but usually they are not applied fresh under plants. However, unprocessed manure can be incorporated into the soil for autumn digging at the rate of 200-300 g per 1 m 2.
Fresh bat and seabird manure is a costly, fast-acting, high-nitrogen fertilizer that is mostly used to feed plants in pots and tubs. The dry version of the same fertilizer is high in phosphorus and is also used mainly for fertilizing houseplants. They are applied moderately in dry form or as an infusion.
Most often, bird droppings are used to make composts or brought to a semi-overripe state. In combination with peat, it can be used as the main fertilizer. It also serves as the basis for the preparation of liquid top dressing or sourdough.
rabbit droppings
Rabbit manure contains more active and nutritious substances than all the previously listed types of manure, but is inferior in nutritional value to bird manure. However, it is rarely used in its pure form, it is usually used for composting and as a liquid top dressing.
wood ash
Wood ash is high in nutrients. So, it contains phosphorus, potassium, calcium (up to 40%), magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, zinc and various connections sulfur. However, it contains almost no chlorine. The highest nutrient content is found in the form of easily soluble and fast-acting potash (potassium carbonate).
The introduction of 70 g of ash per 1 m 2 fully provides the need for most plants in boron.
Wood or straw ash is suitable as an alkaline fertilizer for acidic soddy-podzolic, gray forest, marsh-podzolic and marshy soils. In other words, it is good for all soils that are poor in potassium, phosphorus and trace elements. Just do not use it on saline soils.
❧ If to improve the structure of the soil it is necessary to incorporate straw and crushed tree bark into it, then at the same time it is necessary to add nitrogen, since it is actively consumed during their decomposition.
Green organic fertilizers
Green organic fertilizers have become increasingly popular over the years due to their exceptional environmental friendliness. In addition, the plants themselves used as fertilizer, being part of a living plant complex, which goes through its life cycle development, are very close to the nature of fertilized crops.
Plants can be used as fertilizer in two ways. Firstly, herbal teas and infusions are prepared from them. Secondly, you can grow the necessary green mass, and then plow it into the ground.
Herbal infusions can be applied under the roots or sprayed on the aerial parts of plants to control pests. Main value herbal infusions as a liquid fertilizer is a mild strengthening effect on plants, resulting in increased resistance to diseases and resistance to adverse natural phenomena.
Silt and silt deposits
Silt and silt deposits, which are also called sediment, sludge fresh water, are very valuable nitrogen fertilizer, naturally accumulating at the bottom of fresh water bodies: some rivers, lakes and ponds.
Fresh water sludge is rich in organic matter: 10-30% organic matter, 0.3-2% nitrogen, 0.2-0.5% phosphorus, 0.3-0.5% potassium.
For use in its pure form, the sludge is dried and aired, which makes it possible to reduce its moisture content, as well as to achieve complete oxidation of ferrous compounds. Without this, ferrous compounds can have a depressing effect on plant growth.
Industrial organic fertilizers of animal origin
Such fertilizers are produced from waste obtained during the slaughter and industrial processing of cattle and birds.
Bone flour
Bone meal is a slow-acting fertilizer, valuable because of its high calcium and phosphorus content. It can feed plants with phosphorus for a whole year.
Bone meal strengthens the root system, accelerates its growth and improves flowering. It is widely used for fertilizer bulbous plants(when planting, they are brought under the bulb), as well as when transplanting plants, mixing it with the soil in the planting pit.
The fertilizer slowly decomposes into in kind, but it can be finely ground or dissolved in water, which will speed up the process. Also, bone meal can be added to composts, since in their composition it passes the primary stage of decomposition better.
The main disadvantage of bone meal is that it alkalizes the soil and also attracts foxes and dogs. In addition, the high calcium content makes it unsuitable for acidophilic plants (plants growing in acidic soils).
blood meal
Blood meal is a fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer. It is an excellent source of nitrogen, contributing to the rapid growth of green mass.
If used incorrectly, blood meal can "burn" the plant, while hallmark chemical burns are dark spots along the edge of the leaves.
Flour from horns, hooves or feathers
Flour from horns, hooves, or feathers is a slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen compounds in this case are formed during the slow decomposition (2-5 months) of the keratin protein, which forms the basis of such tissues.
The positive quality of these fertilizers lies in the fact that they do not burn the plants even with excessive application.
Fish bone meal
Meal from fish bones has an effect similar to that of bone meal, so its application rates are the same. The advantage of this fertilizer is that, compared to bone meal, it alkalizes the soil less. However, its smell attracts cats.
Fish flour
Fishmeal is made from the soft waste of the fishing industry. It contains a large amount of nitrogen and decomposes in the soil in 6-8 months.
fish emulsion.
Fish emulsion is also produced from fish processing waste. At the same time, depending on the manufacturing technology, the nitrogen content in it can be different. A minor drawback of this fertilizer is an unpleasant odor, which, among other things, cats really like.
Crab and shrimp shell flour
Flour from crab and shrimp shells is characterized by a high content of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as calcium (23%), magnesium (5%) and trace elements.
Crab shell flour
Crab shell flour is an excellent means of controlling soil pests - microscopic nematode worms.
Any fertile soil depleted over time with its active use, losing beneficial features. At large areas in this case, the land is allowed to rest: it is not used, leaving it fallow.
In small summer cottages, it is not possible to allocate part of the land for recreation. Even a competent alternation of cultures does not bring the desired effect. Therefore, in order to increase the fertility of the land, and in the end, to obtain beautiful harvest needed in the spring. What types of supplements will give excellent results?
"Country hobbies"
Fertilizers for the garden
All fertilizers are divided into organic and mineral.
organic fertilizers
These include cow and horse manure, bird droppings, peat, humus, compost. ?
Manure should not be used immediately: instead of benefit, you can do great harm to plants and bring to the site a lot of new weeds that have not previously grown in the country. It is advisable to keep manure and bird droppings in a pile for a year or two so that it ripens, then it will turn out beautiful useful humus. Cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkins, cabbage love fresh manure. For these crops, manure is brought into the beds in the fall before digging. But all other vegetables, flowers react positively to humus introduced into the soil at any time of the season.
bird droppings fast-acting fertilizer, rich in useful substances. When fresh, it cannot be applied to the soil, there is a danger of burning the plants. An aqueous solution in a ratio of 1:15 of fresh bird droppings serves as an excellent top dressing for vegetables, flowers and shrubs. The litter does not lose its amazing useful qualities at joint storage with sawdust, straw, peat.
Compost obtained when special storage(in a box, container) plant residues. To improve the quality of compost, add wood ash and layer by layer the earth. In order to speed up the composting process, the remains of plants need to be covered with a layer of earth, peat, straw. In the heat, it is necessary to water occasionally. Ripe compost is brought in in the fall before digging the beds. Compost not only increases the amount of nutrients, but also improves soil structure. We recommend reading.
complex fertilizer for the garden
Complex fertilizers for the garden
These include formulations containing several useful substances (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) for vegetable and flower crops and various trace elements.
The most common complex fertilizers: nitrophoska, nitroammophoska, ammophos, potassium nitrate.
Nitrophoska
It is produced in granules, has in its composition nitrogen and potassium (11% each), phosphorus (10%). Best of all, nitrophoska is suitable for acidic soils: peat-bog, sandy and clay. It can be used dry before planting all crops, in autumn when digging, and as top dressing with an aqueous solution all summer.
Application rates:
- under fruit-bearing trees - 200-250 g for young and 450-600 g for adult crops;
- when sowing seeds - 5-7 g / sq. m;
- when planting seedlings and planting potatoes - 4-6 g / per hole.
Nitroammophoska
It belongs to the most popular and useful fertilizers, is available in granules and is suitable for any soil. The main elements: nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur are well absorbed by plants, helping them develop well, increasing yields and resistance to diseases, and preventing the accumulation of nitrates.
Nitroammofoska perfectly dissolves in water, does not cake, does not absorb moisture, and belongs to environmental substances. It is applied in granules to the soil, and is also used for fertilizing in the form of solutions. On heavy soils, nitroammophoska can be applied from autumn for digging, and on light soils only in spring, otherwise there is a high probability of nitrogen leaching.
Written on the package. When spreading pellets around bushes and trees, be sure to water the soil generously first.
Ammophos
This phosphorus-potassium supplement is very effective, in which there is four times more phosphorus than potassium. It dissolves well, is stored for a long time, and is perfectly absorbed by all plants. Phosphorus helps plants grow their root system, increases resistance to heat, diseases, increases the formation of additional branches of grapes and the yield of vegetables, fruits and berries.
Potassium nitrate
It is suitable for almost any soil and contains 46% potassium and 13% nitrogen. Saltpeter dissolves in water, used for top dressing. It accelerates photosynthesis, improves the respiration of crops, enhances the activity of roots. All this increases the immunity of plants, increases the exchange of root crops, improving their taste. Cabbage and potatoes are especially responsive to potassium nitrate. Top dressing with saltpeter protects plants from excess nitrogen.
Which type to choose is the business of every summer resident. Organics will not harm soil fertility, but do not neglect modern achievements in the creation of new mineral fertilizers and. I wish you success!
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I invite you to the group on Subscribe.ru for summer residents, gardeners: "Country hobbies" Everything about country life: cottage, garden, vegetable garden, flowers, recreation, fishing, hunting, tourism, natureEnvironmentally friendly to soil and plants. They contain almost all the substances necessary for plant nutrition: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. Without a doubt, they are the most valuable material for plant nutrition. Judge for yourself: they enrich the soil with nutrients, structure and generally improve its physical properties, improve the water and air regime.
In addition, as a result of the decomposition of organic matter, microorganisms release carbon dioxide, which, as you know, plants breathe.
Any organic matter can become fertilizer - that's what nature has decreed. Very smart, I must admit.ordered. In this way, she achieved an uninterrupted cycle of life. “There is no death, there is only Life, giving birth to itself without end,” the heroine of the book by M. Semenova says this or something like this. And with regard to garden life, this will be a very correct saying.
For the convenience of farmers, all organic fertilizers were divided into groups - each has its own name and its own application.
Manure- the most complete organic fertilizer. Its composition depends on the type of animals, the type of their feeding, the bedding used and its quantity (straw is considered the best, followed by peat, sawdust).
Cattle manure decomposes slowly and does not give much heat. But mullein is often used for liquid top dressing. One part of the manure is mixed with two parts of water, before applying this mass is again diluted with water 3-4 times.
Horse and sheep manure, on the contrary, are heated during storage to 70-80 ° C, so it can be used in greenhouses and greenhouses as a biofuel. To further improve heat transfer, such manure is mixed with sawdust, bark, leaves, compost, straw, household waste.
Pig manure contains a lot of nitrogen, so large doses of it can "burn" the plants. However, it is poor in calcium, can increase the acidity of the soil, and when fresh contains pathogens and helminths. Therefore, it is better not to use it directly, but to add it to the upcoming compost. The temperature in the compost pit sometimes rises to 60-65 ° C, and the eggs of the worm die already at a temperature of 55-60 ° C.
According to the degree of decomposition, manure is divided into four types: fresh, semi-rotted, rotted and humus. Byas the manure rots, it loses its original mass: semi-decomposed - 20-30%, rotted - 50, humus - 70%.
Manure has been operating for several years. During the first year, 50% of the nutrients contained in it are used, the second - 25, the third - 15, the fourth - 10%. The action of manure is more effective on heavy soils (5-7 years), on light soils - only 2-3 years.
Using this feature of manure, the rules of fruit change are drawn up.
What kind of manure is used depends largely on taste qualities vegetables. Beets and parsley will be tastier and more aromatic if you fertilize them with sheep dung. The radish will not be “evil” if the bed for it is fertilized with cattle manure, and the onion will become softer and sweeter if horse manure is used, and, conversely, it will be bitter and unpleasant from pork. Cabbage, when applied, acquires an unpleasant odor. The same thing happens with parsley. She becomes hard and rough.
Dung slurry.For the preparation of slurry, a barrel is usually used, dug into the ground or placed in the far corner of the site. It is half-filled with manure, sprinkled with ashes, and then filled with water. For ten days, the mass must be mixed well, then let it settle for two or three days - and fertilizer can be applied to the soil.
Ready slurry must be diluted with water 2-4 times so as not to burn the roots, and the plants are watered on a cloudy day or in the evening. Holes are made near bushes and trees and filled with a solution of slurry. Prerequisite for useslurry - incorporation after application. That is, it will be necessary to simply dig it up.
Most effective use slurry - making compost from various waste Agriculture with the addition of peat.
bird droppingsis a fast-acting fertilizer, as it contains nutrients in a form that is easily accessible to plants. The most nutritious is chicken and pigeon droppings, unlike duck and goose.
It is important to remember that bird droppings are most effective when used in liquid feeds. To prepare the solution, the containers are half filled with litter, then filled with water, closed with a lid and infused for 3-5 days. Next, the solution is diluted again with water (1:10). Connoisseurs do not recommend infusing bird droppings with water, otherwise it will ferment and lose up to 50% of nitrogen.
Peat, silt, faeces . Peat is not suitable as a plant food - it contains so many nutrients available to plants. In the garden, it is needed for other purposes - namely "fertilizer": it increases the humus content and improves soil structure. In addition, due to the dark color, peat absorbs heat well and helps the beds warm up quickly.
Peat is also different. According to the degree of decomposition, high-moor, low-lying and transitional types of peat are distinguished. Horse is distinguished by a low degree of decomposition of plant residues and high acidity. Lowland is characterized by a high degree of decomposition and less acidity. Transitional peat occupies an intermediate position between them.
Peat is collected in swamps, then laid out for ventilation or laid in a compost heap. Peat is brought in at any time of the year, even in winter in the snow. But we must not forget that lime must be added to it. In the garden, peat is best added to composts, as well as soil mixtures for growing seedlings and protected ground.
Silt accumulates at the bottom of ponds, lakes, rivers. It contains a lot of humus, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. After a short ventilation, silt can be successfully used on sandy soils (3-4 kg per 1 m 2).
Faeces are sewage from latrines. They are rich in minerals that are easily absorbed by plants. However, the faeces in the pits quickly decompose, nitrogen quickly volatilizes from them. For better nitrogen retention at the bottom cesspool peat is poured with a layer of 20-25 cm. Then the feces are layered weekly with a small amount of peat. As a result, not only nitrogen is retained, but the fetid odor disappears. The situation with helminths is the same as in the case of pig manure. In some ways, people are still really similar to pigs ...
Deciduous and sod land . Not all summer residents are lucky - far from all summer cottages located where manure can get hold of all year round and free. But even this grief can be helped.
With a lack of manure, humus is prepared from the leaves - leafy soil. To do this, in the fall, the leaves are raked into heaps, compacted, sprinkled with earth and left for the winter. In the spring, the heaps are shifted with a pitchfork, changing the layers in places, and the heaps are covered with a black film on top. Over time, the leaves turn into a loose humus mass of dark color.
Soddy land is necessary as component soil mixture when growing seedlings, preparing soil for hotbeds and greenhouses. This land can be harvested in meadows with good herbage. Do not forget that on clay soils and sod land is heavier. Layers of turf (turf) are cut up to 10 cm thick and in a clean shady place stacked in a stack (turf to turf, earth to earth), layering with mullein. In September, the stack is shoveled, and in October, part of the land can be used for growing vegetables in protected ground or in a residential area, having previously sifted it. The rest of the sod land should lie until spring.
Sawdust and tree bark. Sawdust is, like peat, an organic fertilizer that cannot be directly fed to plants, but it can significantly increase soil fertility, improve its air permeability and moisture capacity. Only they should be introduced in advance and not fresh, but rotted or mixed with other materials. To speed up the decomposition process, sawdust is piled up, moistened with water and slurry. You can mix them with fallen leaves and plant debris. It is useful to interlayer sawdust with earth. During the summer, the pile is shoveled twice, adding accumulated plant residues and nitrophoska. Due to the fact that the sawdust is acidic, lime or chalk is added to them (120-150 g per bucket).
Tree bark (waste from the woodworking industry) is also composted before use. The bark with a moisture content of 75% is crushed into pieces 10-40 cm long, piled up and mineral fertilizers are applied (kg per 100 kg): ammonium nitrate0.9, urea 0.7, sodium nitrate 2, superphosphate 0.2, ammonium sulfate 1.5. The pile is periodically stirred and moistened. After 6 months, the compost is ready for use. We agree that it was impossible to do without chemistry here, but chemical fertilizers are applied not directly under the plants, but indirectly through compost.
AT eggshell contains calcium carbonate, which is a good lime fertilizer. Just don't expect results by scattering eggshells across a potato field. You'll have to fiddle with them a bit. egg shell it must be finely crushed or ground into powder, and even better, burned in an oven or at the stake. It is better to introduce the shell together with wood ash, which contains potassium-phosphorus fertilizers and trace elements.