Technological map for the device of monolithic overlap. TTK. Installation and dismantling of the formwork of a monolithic floor slab TTK concreting of monolithic floors
The technological map was developed for the device of a monolithic reinforced concrete floor on the profiled flooring of the superstructure of the educational building of the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in Moscow.
The scope of work considered in the development of the technological map includes the following processes:
Erection and installation of main and secondary steel beams
Mounting fixed formwork(profiled flooring)
Reinforcement of the ceiling with reinforcement and welded mesh rolls
Floor concreting
Technology and organization of work
Prior to the commencement of reinforcement work, organizational and preparatory measures and the following work must be carried out:
the formwork works on the grip are completely completed and the decks and platforms are arranged;
the formwork was checked, the identified defects must be eliminated;
acts of acceptance of the installed formwork were drawn up;
reinforcing products in the amount of at least a two-shift stock were delivered and stored in the crane coverage area;
reinforcing products were corrected from possible damages, rust and dirt were cleaned, their marking was checked;
mechanisms, inventory, mounting devices and tools were prepared and tested;
workers and engineers are familiar with the technology and organization of work, trained in safe working methods
Reinforcing meshes and frames are prepared centrally and delivered to the facility as a set in the form of marking rolls and frames. Transportation of rolls and frames is carried out on the platform by any means of transport. When transporting reinforcing products, measures should be taken to protect them from corrosion, contamination and mechanical damage.
For this purpose, wooden linings should be used and the reinforcing cages should be rigidly fastened to vehicles using wire braces.
Reinforcing products with a length exceeding the length of the body by more than 1.5 m should be transported on vehicles with semi-trailers.
Installation of floor reinforcement is carried out in the following sequence:
installation of linings for the formation of a protective layer in the main and secondary beams;
slinging and supply of fittings to the installation site using the MKA-16 crane .;
installation of reinforcement according to the marks made in accordance with the project;
consolidation installed frames by welding them to the outlets of the rebar;
slinging and feeding the rolled mesh to the installation site using a crane;
rolling of a rolled reinforcing mesh along the formwork of the floor slab;
straightening and laying the lower grids in the design position;
raising the meshes and installing clamps to provide the necessary lower protective layer of concrete;
installation of supports for the upper grids;
laying of the upper reinforcing meshes.
Before installing steel beams, it is necessary to punch holes in brick walls 260x260 in size, where necessary for the installation of beams. After the workers have completed this work, steel beams are being installed. First, the beams of the existing building (reconstructed) are installed, then the main beams of the superstructure and secondary beams are installed. After the installation of the beams, the installation and installation of fixed formwork (profiled flooring) takes place. The decks are connected to each other with bolts and rivets. After installation of the flooring and its installation in the design position, the reinforcement and reinforcing meshes are laid. Next, the concrete pump is pouring the structure with concrete.
1 Scope of the technological map.
1.1 Terms works.
1.2 Nomenclature and methods of work.
2. Technology and organization of the construction process.
2.1 Technology for the production of work on the installation of floor slabs.
2.2 Selection of mounting cranes.
2.3 Organization of work.
3. Sheet for calculating the amount of work.
3.1 Calculation of labor costs and wages.
3.2 The need for material and technical resources.
3.3 Need for tools and equipment.
3.4 The need for machines, mechanisms.
3.5 The need for building materials (structures).
4. Quality control of work production.
5. Safety in the production of work.
6. List of references.
1 Scope of the technological map.
The technological map was developed for the installation of floor slabs of an agricultural building. The designed object has a rectangular configuration in plan with dimensions in the axes AD 18m, 1-26 112.5m. The height of the premises at the outer walls to the bottom of the protruding structures is 2.4 m. The building is designed with four spans, with a load-bearing frame made of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements. The step of the columns of the extreme and middle rows is 4.5 m. The longitudinal and end walls are made of two-layer wall panels made of lightweight concrete. Internal walls and partitions are brick. The roof is rolled on reinforced concrete slabs. The foundations for the columns are prefabricated reinforced concrete shoes, for the walls - reinforced concrete foundation beams. To protect against surface water, an asphalt pavement on a crushed stone base is arranged near the outer walls. Window and door slopes are plastered with cement-lime mortar and painted with lime paint. All wooden crafts stained oil paint for two times. Concrete ramps are installed in front of all entrances.
1.1 Conditions for the production of works.
The seismicity of the area is not higher than 6 points;
Territory without part-time mining
Estimated winter temperature air, S.
High-speed wind pressure - 27 kgf /;
Snow cover weight - 100kgf/;
The relief of the territory is calm, there are no ground waters.
Soils in the bases are non-rocky, non-sagging.
The territory is free from buildings, shrubs and trees.
Level ground water is located at a mark of 4.5 m, which is located below the depth of the foundation.
Installation of structures is carried out in two shifts, in the summer. During the first shift, the installation of structures is carried out, during the second shift, delivery and storage to the installation sites.
1.2 Nomenclature and methods of work.
Installation of the structure of a one-story agricultural building is characterized by the following features:
The building has significant dimensions in plan, which exceed the range of the erection crane;
In order to reduce the total duration of construction, works on the installation of structures must be combined with general construction works and installation of process equipment.
The construction is organized by the in-line method.
Stream method retains the corresponding advantages of serial and parallel methods, avoids their disadvantages. The in-line method provides a systematic, rhythmic release of the finished product. construction products on the basis of the continuous and uniform work of labor brigades, of an unchanged composition, equipped with a timely and complete supply of all necessary material and technical resources.
Installation of building structures and technological equipment is carried out by a combined method, divided into private flows:
Combined method in contrast to the combined one, it allows performing part of the equipment installation work separately from the installation of building structures in the constructed premises.
excavation
foundation arrangement;
installation of columns in the glasses of foundations;
installation of crane beams;
installation of floor slabs;
6- installation roof trusses and coatings;
7- installation wall panels.
8- installation of door and window blocks.
9 - flooring
10- finishing works
11- special types of work
To link the flows among themselves, set the duration, the number of performers and their qualifications in accordance with the recommendations of the ENiR. Works of special cycles are plumbing, electrical, landscaping and equipment installation. For each thread, it is advisable to choose your mounting mechanism. To reduce the duration of construction, the installation of the building should be carried out from the end to the middle, from the middle to the end. The direction of movement of the crane occurs along the spans of the building - a longitudinal method of installation.
2. Technology and organization of the construction process.
For the construction period, organize open on-site warehouses located in the crane coverage area. When installing them, make slopes of 2-5 ° for surface water runoff. Warehouse areas and temporary roads should be compacted with a layer of crushed stone, the thickness of the coating is 100mm.
For the work of the brigade in the second shift, organize the lighting of workplaces using searchlights on masts and portable lamps.
Before construction begins:
Carry out the layout of the construction site, complete the fence, access roads, lay temporary communications;
Creation by the customer of the necessary reference geodetic network (red line, benchmarks, main axes of the building, reference building grid);
Arrangement of temporary structures;
The device of means of communication and signaling;
Providing the site with fire-fighting water supply;
Providing the site with electricity and water.
Prior to the start of earthworks within the construction site, a fertile soil layer of 150 mm should be removed and laid in piles up to 2 m high, for further use in landscaping.
Prior to the start of general construction work on the construction of the building, all building structures and materials necessary for the start of construction must be delivered to the construction site.
Transportation and storage.
1. Transportation and storage of plates - in accordance with GOST 13015.4 and this standard.
2. Boards should be transported and stored in stacks laid in a horizontal position.
On specialized vehicles, it is allowed to transport plates in an inclined or vertical position.
3. The height of the stack of plates should not exceed 2.5 m.
4. Liners for the bottom row of plates and gaskets between them in a stack should be located near the mounting loops.
2.1 Technology for the production of work on the installation of floor slabs.
Installation of floor structures is allowed only after concrete is set in glasses of foundations with columns with a strength of at least 70% of the design. For short construction periods, in order to accelerate the strength gain of concrete at the joints, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", we apply the "hot molding" method at concrete mix+70°C, concrete gains 70% strength after 24 hours.
Prior to the installation of floor structures, the following work must be performed:
The columns were mounted and their verticality and correct position in plan and in height were checked;
Produced complete backfilling sinuses of foundations;
In the building plan, the movement paths and working parking of the assembly crane are indicated;
Delivered to the installation area the necessary mounting fixtures, tools and inventory;
During the installation of floor slabs, the design gap between them and the platform for supporting the slabs are controlled; the end slabs of the span are mounted from the mounting scaffolds; the rest - from plates mounted earlier; each plate is welded with a design length seam at least in three corners.
Table 1. Specification of prefabricated elements
|
Element name |
Element brand |
Weight given element, |
Required quantity |
||||
|
on the 1st floor |
for the whole building |
||||||
|
floor slabs |
PB 45-15-12.5 |
||||||
2.2 Selection of mounting cranes.
The choice of a crane is made according to technical parameters. The choice of a crane begins with the clarification of the mass of prefabricated elements, mounting equipment and lifting devices, the overall and design position of the structures in the structure.
Calculation of the required technical parameters of the crane.
Required cargocrane lifting capacity
Q To = Q E + Q GR \u003d 2.23 + 0.09 \u003d 2.32t.
where:Q E - weight of mounted elementmenta, t;
Q GR - mass of cargogripping device,
Required hook height:
Cruising Heightka:
H K = h 0 + h 3 + h EL + h ST \u003d 1.5 + 1 + 4.5 + 0.2 \u003d 7.2 m
whereh 0 - aboveinstallation horizon above the level of the parking lotat 1.5 m;
h Z - headroom to ensure the safety of montazha 1m,
h EL - element thickness 0.2m;
h ST - sling height 4.5m.
Let's define optimal angle arrow tilt to the horizon
- the length of the crane's cargo chain hoist;
the width of the prefabricated element;
S-distance from the edge of the elementup to the arrow axis S=1.5m
We calculate the length of the crane boom without a jib
Determine the length of the arrow without the jib
L C ===8.9m
- distance from the boom attachment axis to the crane parking level, m.
Determine hook reach
L K = L C cos + d\u003d 8.9 0.37 + 1.5 \u003d 4.7 m
where d is the distance from the axis of rotation of the crane to the axis of attachment of the boom (1.5 m).
table 2 Specifications cranes
|
Faucet brand |
load capacity Q To , t |
boom reach max- min, m |
Hook lifting heightH To , m, at maximum load capacity |
Working hours cranes per year T YEAR , h |
Inventory estimated cost С I. R. , t. rub. |
Machine-shift cost With MACHINE-CHANGER. , rub. |
|
KS -2561 E |
3,3…11,2 |
|||||
|
MKG-6.3 |
3,2…16 |
AutomotiveKS -2561 E
Pneumatic wheel KS -4362 BS
Tracked MKG 6.3
Comparison of erection cranes by economic parameters.
Efficiency according to technical parameters
where: - coefficient of use of the crane in terms of load capacity;
- the average weight of the element in the group of elements to be installed, t.;
- the maximum lifting capacity of the crane, t.
Characteristics of the mounted element
The volume of one element is 1.35 m 3
Weight of one element 2.23t
Quantity for the whole building 300pcs
The volume of elements for the entire building is 405 m 3
Weight of elements for the whole building 669t
Comparison of erection cranes by economic parameters,by command
the rank of specific reduced costs per 1 ton of assembled structural
tions. For each of the cranes determine
With pond. =C with +E n · TO ud, where
With with – installation cost of 1 ton of structures, rub/t;
E n =0,15 – normative coefficient of efficiency of capital investments;
To oud - specific capital investments, rub/t.
Determine the cost of installation of 1 ton of structure:
1.08 and 1.5– overhead coefficients, respectively, for the operation of machines and the wages of assemblers;
With machine see – the cost of a machine-shift for a given flow, rub;
- average wage workers per shift, rub;
P n.cm. - normative estimated operational performance of the crane during the installation of structures, t/cm;
With P – preparatory work costs (C P =0);
P is the total mass of elements in the flow, i.e.
P machine see – the number of machine shifts for the installation of structures.
Determine the specific capital investment
With i.r. - inventory and estimated cost of the crane, rub;
t cm – number of crane operating hours per shift, hour;
T year – standard number of crane operating hours per year.
AutomotiveKS -2561 E
RUB/t
= rub
Tracked MKG 6.3
rub/t
Acceptautomotivecrane KS -2561 E,as the installation cost is lower.
2.3. Organization of work production.
Floor slabs are laid after installation and permanent fixing of all wall elements on the grip and loading onto the floor to be mounted necessary details and structures for outfitting works. To the place of laying the panels are served in a horizontal position (Fig. 1.1). If floor panels are brought to the construction site in a vertical or inclined position, then to transfer them to horizontal position load-handling devices with an automatic tilter or stationary frame tilters are used.
Fig.1.1. Roof panel slinging:
1 - universal traverse; 2 - pull branch with leveling rope; 3 - inventory loops-captures; 4 - the loop; 5 - rocker-capture
At the place where the floor slab is laid, the supporting surface of walls and partitions is cleaned, the mortar is laid along the entire contour of the supporting surfaces and spread in an even layer. Being on the adjacent, previously laid panel, the installers receive the panel supplied by the crane, orienting it above the place of laying. The panel smoothly keeps within on a bed from a solution. With the slings stretched, the panel is straightened, the horizontalness of the surface and the position of the panel in height are checked with a level. To ensure the design size of the supporting area of the panels, it is recommended to bend the mounting loops of the outer and inner wall panels before laying each floor panel. This will allow each floor panel along the entire contour to be laid on the design width of the support fig. (1.2)
Rice. 1.2. Organization of the installer's workplace during the installation of floor slabs.
Floor panels, which have cone-shaped technological holes on one side instead of lifting loops, are rafters for inventory gripping loops previously installed in these holes (Fig. 9.39). Inventory gripping loop is designed for temporary fixing of mounting fixtures in places where there are no lifting loops (on some interior wall panels and floor slabs). It is a clamp to which a special loop is welded. The inventory grip is installed on the panel using a clamping screw.
After the final alignment and if there are no deviations of the laid panel! carry out its dissection. Inventory gripping loops are removed from the cone-shaped holes after the hooks are unhooked.
Fig.1.3. Inventory loop-capture:
1 - loop; 2 - clamp; 3 - clamping screw
Calculation and acquisition of the composition of performers
For execution installation work and related construction processes we accept a specialized team:
Installation of floor slabs according to ENiR 4-1-7: installers 4r-1, 3r-2, 2r-1,
machinist 6r-1.
Determining the duration of work
Assembly of the structure
Finally: a team of 4 people for the installation of foundation beams
Fig.2.1. Scheme of the organization of the workplace during the installation of the floor panel
MS- workplace a worker performing installation work, a senior in the link,
M- the workplace of the worker performing the installation work,
1 - mortar shovel, 2 - hand tool box 3 - a box-container with a solution, 4 - mounted panel, 5 - four-branch sling, 6 - mounted panel.
Before the installation of floor slabs, crossbars must be installed and fixed in accordance with the project. The plate is slinged with a four-branch sling. Prior to that, it is cleaned from the influx of concrete, dirt, ice. The panel is laid on a mortar bed. When accepting and installing all panels, except for the first one, the installers are on the already laid panels. Installers install the first panel from a ladder table. To align the element horizontally, the level is applied to the surface of the element.
Preparing the slab for installation, the performer is a worker performing rigging work
1. A worker performing lifting work approaches the plate, checks the serviceability of the mounting loops, and the cleanliness of the surface.
2. If necessary, use a scarpel and a hammer to clean the element from concrete sagging, and with a metal brush - from dirt and ice.
3. Gives a signal to the crane operator to apply the sling.
4. Alternately hooks the hooks of the sling onto the mounting loops and gives the crane operator a command to pull the branches of the sling.
5. Checks the reliability of the hold, moves to a safe place and instructs the crane operator to raise the panel to a height of 200 ... 300 mm.
6. Approaches the slab, checks the reliability of the slinging and gives the command to move the structure to the installation area.
Preparation of the installation site of the plate (Fig. 2.2), performers - the worker performing the installation work, the senior in the link and the worker performing the installation work
Fig.2.2. Preparation of the plate installation site
1 - mortar bed, 2 - trowel, 3 - a worker performing installation work, a senior in the link, 4 - mounted panel, 5 - bolt.
1. The worker performing the installation work cleans the place where the slab is laid from the influx of concrete and ice with a scarpel and a hammer, and from dirt with a metal brush.
2. The worker performing the installation work, the senior in the link, picks up the mortar from the container box with a shovel and lays it on the shelves of the crossbar, and then with a trowel 2 spreads evenly 1 .
Laying and alignment of the panel (Fig. 2.3, 2.4), performers: a worker performing installation work (senior in the link) and a worker performing installation work.
Fig.2.3. Preparation of the panel installation site
1 - mortar bed, 2 - installed panel, 3 - mounting panel, 4 - assembly worker 5 - sling, 6 - a worker performing installation work, a senior in the link.
1. The worker performing the installation work, the senior in the link, signals the crane driver about the possibility of feeding the panel.
2. The worker performing the installation work, the senior in the link and the worker performing the installation work, being on the previously laid panel, receive the submitted panel 3 at a height of 200 ... 300 mm from the ceiling and orient to the installation site.
3. The worker performing the installation work, the senior in the link instructs the crane operator to smoothly lower the panel
4. The installation worker, the foreman and the installation worker hold the panel while lowering.
5. The worker performing the installation work, the senior in the link, checks with a level the correct laying of the panel in height, eliminating, together with the worker performing the installation work, the observed deviations by changing the thickness of the mortar bed.
6. The worker performing the installation work, the senior in the link checks the correct installation of the panel 2 in terms of and, if necessary, together with the worker performing the installation work, assembly crowbars 3 shift it (Fig. 2.4)
Fig.2.4. Panel Alignment
1 - crossbar, 2 - mounting panel, 3 - assembly scrap, 4 - four-branch sling, 5 - worker performing installation work, senior in the link, 6 - assembly worker, 7 - mounted panels.
7. The worker performing the installation work, the senior in the link, will give the crane operator a signal to loosen the branches of the sling 4.
8. The worker performing the installation work, the senior in the link and the worker performing the installation work remove the hooks of the sling from the mounting loops of the panel, and then, when at the command of the worker performing the installation work, the senior in the link begins to lift the slings, holds them.
Installation of the first floor slab is carried out in the following technological sequence:
1. Install mounting towers.
2. Mark and Prepare installation location plates.
3. Indicate to the crane operator the location of the slab and move to a safe distance.
4. Give a signal to lower the slab over the installation site, turning it around and holding it from swinging with hooks.
5. Climb the tower, guide the element to the installation site and give a signal to lower it.
6. Check the position of the support platform and untie it.
7. Move to a safe distance and signal the crane operator to raise the sling.
Fig.2.5. Installation of the first plate
Installation of subsequent floor slabs (covering) in the span.
Fig.2.6. Installation of subsequent plates
1. Fasten the carabiner of the safety belt to the mounting loop of the previously mounted element and prepare the installation site for the plate.
2. Indicate the installation site to the crane operator, move to a safe distance and give a signal to lower the slab over the installation site.
3. Guide the plate to the installation site and give a signal to lower it.
4. Check the position of the slab, the platform for its support, and untie the slab.
5. Move to a safe distance and give a command to the crane operator to raise the sling.
Mounting fixtures.
In order to reduce the time of changing mounting devices, it is necessary to use one mounting device to work with two or more building structures. This will reduce the laboriousness of the installation process and increase labor productivity. A four-branch rope sling with a uniform load on four branches is adopted.
Figure 7 Four-branch lanyard
Technical characteristics of the mounting device: four-branch sling PI Promstalkonstruktsiya 21059M-28, load capacity 3 t, weight 0.09 t, estimated height 4.2 m
Specially trained qualified slingers are allowed to perform cargo slinging operations in the process of work with hoisting machines.
Before giving a signal to lift a load, the slinger must:
– check if there are any loose parts and tools on the load; before lifting, so that they do not contain earth, ice or objects that may fall out when lifting;
– make sure that during lifting the load cannot catch on anything;
– make sure that there are no people near the load, between the load being lifted and the walls.
– before lifting the load with a crane, the slinger must check that there are no people near the crane, on its turntable and in the boom and load lowering area, and then leave the danger zone.
When lifting and moving the load, the slinger must:
Give a signal to lift the load to a height of 200-300 mm, then check the correctness of the slinging, the uniformity of the tension of the slings, the stability of the crane, and then give a signal to lift the load to the required height; if necessary, reslinging, the load must be lowered;
When removing the load from the foundation bolts, make sure that the lifting is carried out at a minimum speed, without distortions, jamming, ensuring horizontal movement of the load until it is completely removed from the bolts;
Before lifting the load, make sure that the reach set by the crane operator corresponds to the weight of the load being lifted;
Before horizontal movement of the load or lifting devices make sure that they are raised to a height of at least 500 mm above the objects encountered on the way;
Accompany when moving the load and make sure that it does not move over people and cannot catch on anything. If it is not possible to accompany the load, then a crane operator, a second slinger or a signalman must follow its movement.
During slinging work, irreversible deformations of the rupture of the edges (branches) of a four-branch sling are possible.
Figure 9 Strand wire extrusion, rope twisting,
rope breaking, rope crushing,
local increase in the diameter of the rope, bending of the rope.
When lifting and moving loads, it is prohibited:
Be under the lifted load or allow people to be under it (the slinger may be near the load during its lifting or lowering, if the load is raised to a height of no more than 1000 mm from the level of the platform on which it is located);
Release the slings clamped by the load with the help of a lifting machine.
Figure 10 Transportation of goods
with loose laying on loop slings
3. Sheet for calculating the amount of work.
When mounting structures, the method of "mounting from wheels" was used. The work is carried out by a specialized team consisting of installers, a crane operator in one-shift work.
ENiR 4-1-7 provides for the following scope of work:
1. Preparation of a pastel from a solution.
2. Lifting and laying slabs.
3. Alignment and correction of the position of the plates.
4. Fastening the plates with anchors to each other.
Table 3. Sheet of calculation of the volume of work.
|
Name of works |
Scope of work |
||||
|
Quantity |
|||||
|
Installation of floor slabs up to 10 |
|||||
|
Electric welding of embedded parts of floor slabs with crossbars with a thickness of welded steel up to 4 mm and a seam length per slab of 0.8 mm. L=(300+8 0.8)/10 |
10 joints |
||||
|
10 joints |
|||||
|
Filling floor slab joints manually with concrete mix or mortar (8.7 300/100) |
|||||
Table 3.1 Calculation of labor costs.
|
Name |
Rationale |
Scope of work |
Norm of time per unit of measure. |
labor costs |
Unit prices |
||||||||||||||||
|
Slab laying Floors up to 10 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Electric welding of joints with a thickness of welded steel up to 4 mm and a seam length of 0.3 m per element |
E22-1-1, item 1.2c |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Manual anti-corrosion coating of welded joints, welded joint area up to |
10 joints |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Manual grouting of floor slabs |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total: Installation of floor slabs with electric welding of joints and manual filling of seams between the slabs |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Note: - the calculation was made without adjustment for local coefficients in 1984 prices.
3.2 Need for material and technical resources
Table 3.3 Need for tools, inventory
|
Name |
brand, |
Unit |
||||||
|
Sling four-branch |
PI Promstalkonstruktsiya 21059M-28 |
|||||||
|
Assembly crowbar |
||||||||
|
Boaster |
||||||||
|
mortar shovel |
||||||||
|
Edged boards 4-6m long, 75-100mm wide, 32-40mm thick. IV grade |
||||||||
|
Construction level |
||||||||
|
Solution container box |
||||||||
|
Hand tool box |
||||||||
|
Steel brush |
||||||||
Table 3.4 Need for machines and mechanisms
Table 3.5 Need for building materials
4 Operational quality control of work, control method.
In accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures" permissible deviations:
1. The difference in the marks of the front surfaces of two adjacent floor slabs in the seam with a length of slabs over 4 m to 8 m 10mm;
2. Offset in terms of panels relative to their design position on the supporting surfaces 13mm
Duration of operations:
1. Preparing the panel for installation - 2 min.
2. Preparation of mortar bed - 4 min.
3. Slinging and feeding the panel to the place of laying - 2 min.
4. Laying the panel -3 min.
5. Panel alignment - 3 min.
6. Panel bridging - 0.5 min.
In the course of installation work, constant production quality control of installation work is carried out: incoming, operational and acceptance control of finished structures. During input control establish the completeness and quality of prefabricated elements, the availability of passports and certificates for metal, the correctness of loading and unloading operations and the storage of elements. When implementing operational control compliance with the project and regulatory requirements for the installation technology, the implementation of the project for the production of works, the quality of the joints are checked, especially in winter time.
When carrying out operational control of the production of installation work, it is necessary to pay attention to compliance with labor protection requirements. In particular, strictly ensure that the installers are given protective helmets and safety belts, fastened with a carabiner to the safety rope or mounting loops, so that the workers are not on the structures during their lifting, and also that the lifted elements do not remain in weight, and the structures are unstrapped only after they are securely fastened.
At intermediate delivery hidden works representatives of the general contracting, installation organizations and the customer draw up acts. Acceptance control of assembled structures is carried out after the completion of all work on the arrangement of joints on the structure or part of it and the design strength of the joints with concrete. Before delivery, a geodetic check of the mounted structures is carried out, the results of which are drawn up as an executive installation scheme.
During the acceptance of installation work, the following are submitted: working drawings of the assembled structures indicating all agreed changes to the project, passports for prefabricated structures; certificates for metal and welding electrodes; magazines of assembly, welding works, anticorrosive protection of welded joints and sealing of joints; certificates of examination of hidden works; an inventory of diplomas of welders indicating the numbers of their personal brands; documentation of laboratory analyzes and tests during welding and embedding of joints.
5 Work safety
Safety instructions have been developed for installation work in accordance with the instructions in section No. 8 Installation work of SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.
Safety implements a plan for technical and organizational measures whose implementation is intended to ensure safe conditions work primarily by preventing and eliminating the causes of accidents.
On the site where installation work is being carried out, other work and the presence of unauthorized persons are not allowed.
Slinging methods for structural elements and equipment should ensure their supply to the installation site in a position close to the design one.
It is forbidden to lift prefabricated reinforced concrete structures that do not have mounting loops or marks that ensure their correct slinging and installation.
Cleaning of the structural elements to be installed from dirt and ice should be carried out before they are lifted.
Elements of mounted structures or equipment during movement must be kept from swinging and rotating by flexible braces.
It is not allowed for people to stay on structural elements and equipment during their lifting or moving.
During breaks in work, it is not allowed to leave the raised elements of structures and equipment on weight.
The elements of structures or equipment installed in the design position must be fixed in such a way as to ensure their stability and geometric invariability. Unslinging of structural elements and equipment installed in the design position should be carried out after their permanent or temporary reliable fastening. It is not allowed to move the installed elements of structures or equipment after they have been lashed.
It is not allowed to carry out installation work at a height in open places with a wind speed of 15 m/s or more in icy conditions, thunderstorms or fog, which excludes visibility within the front of work.
It is not allowed to find people under the mounted elements of structures and equipment until they are installed in the design position and secured.
Before performing installation work, it is necessary to establish the procedure for the exchange of conditional signals between the person in charge of the installation and the driver (minder). All signals are given only by one person (the foreman of the assembly team, the team leader, the rigger-slinger), except for the "Stop" signal, which can be given by any employee who has noticed a clear danger.
The installation of the structures of each subsequent section of the building should be carried out only after the reliable fastening of all elements of the previous section according to the project.
When moving structures or equipment, the distance between them and the protruding parts of the mounted equipment or other structures must be at least 1 m horizontally and 0.5 m vertically.
The angles of deviation from the vertical of the cargo ropes and chain hoists of hoisting equipment during installation should not exceed the value specified in the passport, approved project or technical specifications for this hoisting equipment.
Installation of structures near electrical wires (within a distance equal to the largest length of the element to be mounted) must be carried out with the voltage removed. If it is impossible to relieve stress, work should be carried out according to the tolerance approved in the prescribed manner.
6. Literature
1 Khamzin S. K., Karasev A. K. Construction technology. Course and diploma design. Proc. allowance for construction. specialist. Universities. - M .: Higher. school -1989.- 216 p.: ill.
2 Sokolov Gennady Kkonstantinovich / Technology and organization of construction: Textbook for environments. Prof. education. 3rd ed.
3 Technology of construction production: Textbook for universities / S.S. Ataev, N.N. Danilov, B.V. Prykin and others - M .: Stroyizdat, 1984. - 559 p., ill.
4 SNiP 12-03-2001 Occupational safety in construction Part 1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5 SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production
6 Series 1.015.1-1.95 Reinforced concrete foundation beams for external and internal walls of buildings of industrial and agricultural enterprises.
Issue 3 Prefabricated beams. Working drawings
7 ENiR Collection E4 Installation of prefabricated and installation of monolithic reinforced concrete structures. Issue 1. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1987. - 70 p.
8 SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures.
9 SNiP 3.01.01-85* Organization of construction production
10 SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, foundations and foundations. - M: 1989.
11 RD 10-107-96 Standard instructions for slingers on safe production works.
Table 3.2 Calculation of labor costs and wages.
|
Name of works |
Scope of work |
The composition of the link according to ENiR |
Norm of time per unit. rev. |
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|
4-1-6 B r3 r1 |
Installation of foundation beams weighing up to 1.5t |
Installer 5p-1 Installer 4p-1 Installer 3r-2 Installer 2r-1 Machinist 6r-1 |
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|
Total: installation of foundation beams* |
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Note: *- the calculation was made without adjustment for local coefficients in 1984 prices.
PM1 - the coefficient when working with truck cranes is 1.1.
Table 5.3 Regulations for operational quality control
|
Type of control (stage) |
Operating |
Acceptance |
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|
Controlled Operations |
Availability and completeness of design as-built documentation for geodetic support of the planned and high-altitude position of supporting surfaces |
The presence of markings that determine the design position of the crossbars on the supports |
Compliance of the parameters and quality of the crossbars with the requirements of GOST |
Availability of markings |
Availability and completeness project documentation |
Compliance of deviations from the alignment of landmarks in the lower section of the installed crossbars with the installation guidelines to the requirements of SNiP |
Compliance of deviations from symmetry with the requirements of SNiP |
Compliance of the quality of connections in the junction nodes and the quality of the monolithic joints with the requirements of SNiP and the project |
Conformity of the class of concrete and the brand of mortar for monolithic joints to the requirements of the project |
Compliance of the maximum deviations of the mounted crossbars with the requirements of SNiP |
Compliance of the connections made in the junction nodes and their termination with the requirements of the project |
Availability of executive geodetic survey, survey. Fixing the results of geodetic work in the journal |
|||
|
control |
Solid |
||||||||||||||
|
control |
Registration |
Instrumental |
Visual ... Technological map on the production of a monolithic frame high-rise building Purpose technological cards ... On the the basis of the calculation is a table technological calculations. At compiling... 49 Concrete placement in stove floors m3 0.57 1-55 82 ... Mounting reinforced concrete columns of a one-story industrial buildingAbstract >> Construction... Technological map developed on the mounting ... technological kart, which are typical and drawn up; for the construction of a particular facility. Typical technological cards... above the level floors on the 0.5-0.8 ... road slabs apply plates rectangular... Mounting 9-storey residential buildingAbstract >> ConstructionNext technological sequences: mounting exterior wall panels; mounting interior wall panels; mounting extensions - partitions ... are mounted plates floors above basement, and along the way mounting interior and exterior walls on the span... Technological map mounting wall panels and window blocks of a one-story industrial buildingTest work >> ConstructionConstruction production Technological map mounting wall panels... span. Plates coatings are ribbed plates, sizes 3 on the 6 ... with setting marks on the overlap taken from the center ... hallmarks allowed drafting executive plans... | ||||||||||||
This technical map provides for the following procedure for the production of works:
Formwork works:
Formwork transportation to the installation area;
Marking the base for the step of the main racks;
Installation of the main racks with tripods and uniforks;
Installation of connections on racks;
Installation of longitudinal beams;
Installation of cross beams;
Treatment of plywood ends with anti-adhesive lubricant;
Installation and fixing of plywood deck;
Installation of intermediate racks in the spans between the main ones;
Installation of formwork for the side surfaces of the floor slab;
Deck treatment with anti-adhesive lubricant.
The step of the main and secondary racks, main beams, secondary beams, is determined according to table. 1. and fig. one
| Plate thickness, mm | Distance between sec. Beams - C with plywood thickness, mm | Distance between the main beams - A with plywood thickness, mm | Permissible distance between the uprights - B with a distance between the main beams - A, mm | ||||||
| t=18 | t = 21 | C(18) | C(21) | A=1500 | A=1750 | A=2000 | A=2250 | A=2500 | |
Rice. 1. Layout of the main and secondary racks, main beams, secondary beams
Reinforcing work:
Transportation to the area of laying reinforcing products, clamps, embedded parts, opening formers, thermowells, PVC pipes;
The device of the center base from the guide reinforcing bars of the lower grid;
The device of the lower mesh of individual reinforcing bars with viscous joints with wire;
Installation of spacers - protective layer clamps;
Installation of reinforcing rods of the lower grid, at the holes in the slab and at the places where the greatest forces occur;
Setting the cut-off for the formation of a working seam
Laying heating wires with fixing to the lower grid using a knitting wire;
Installation of supporting frames with fixing them to the lower grid using a knitting wire;
Cleaning the formwork surface from snow and ice;
The device of the center base from the guide reinforcing bars of the upper mesh;
The device of the upper mesh of individual reinforcing bars with viscous joints with wire;
Installation of embedded parts, opening formers, thermal inserts, channels for electrical wiring;
Installation of reinforcing rods of the upper grid, at the holes in the slab and at the places where the greatest forces occur;
The device of a technological seam by fixing a chain-link mesh between the upper and lower reinforcement bars;
Installation of limiter boards for forming the upper and lower protective layer at the upper and lower surfaces of the technological seam.
Shelter of the reinforced floor (to prevent snow from entering the structure).
Concrete works:
Reception of concrete mix in the bunker;
Supply of concrete mixture to the concreting zone;
Laying concrete mix with deep vibrator compaction;
Alignment of the concrete mixture according to the marks of the beacons;
smoothing down the concrete mix;
Cleaning the receiving hopper, tools, equipment from concrete.
Curing:
Shelter of open unformed surfaces of the slab with polyethylene film.
Connection of heating wires to supply cables, voltage supply from a transformer.
Temperature measurements in concrete.
stripping:
Switching off the transformer, dismantling of supply cables;
Removal of curtains, their cleaning, folding and storage on pallets for further transportation to a new grip;
Dismantling and storage of intermediate racks;
Lowering the flooring on the main racks;
Turning the transverse beams "sideways";
Dismantling and storage of plywood boards;
Dismantling and storage of cross beams;
Dismantling and storage of longitudinal beams;
Dismantling and storage of the main racks and tripods;
Transportation of formwork elements;
Cleaning of formwork elements from concrete;
Installation of racks of re-support.
Performers
The work is carried out in a sequential manner by an integrated team of 6 people, taking into account the combination of the following professions:
Carpenter-concrete worker of the 4th category - 2 people (P1, P2);
Carpenter-concrete worker of the 3rd category - 2 people; (P3, P4);
Carpenter-concrete worker of the 2nd category - 2 people; (P5, P6)
At the same time, all workers must have the skills of laying reinforcing products and knitting reinforcement joints. In addition, at least two people from the link must be certified slingers.
In the absence of the above specialties and qualifications among workers, before the start of work, it is necessary to conduct their training and certification.
Preparatory work
Before starting work, you must:
Finish work on the construction of external and internal load-bearing walls, while the strength of the latter by the time of dismantling the formwork of the ceiling should ensure the perception of loads from it;
The premises in which work will be carried out on the construction of monolithic ceilings must be freed from fixtures, inventory, unused building materials;
Clean the base on which the floor formwork racks will be installed from debris, ice, snow (in winter), in addition, it must be designed for the loads transmitted from the racks.
Formwork
Formwork installation work begins with the installation of the main racks. To do this, the base is broken down by the step of the main racks. As a tool and equipment, a tape measure is used - 20 m, chalk, it is possible to use a template rail of a certain length, corresponding to the pitch of the main racks. The breakdown of the base is carried out by two workers P1 and P5. At this time, P2 and P3 carry out the transportation of formwork elements in containers by vertical transport using a crane, or by horizontal transport using a hydraulic trolley - a loader of the Rokhlya type and supply the elements to the installation site. At the same time, P4, P6 perform pre-assembly and installation of the supporting elements of the formwork: a unifork is inserted into the rack, and the rack is fixed in a tripod at the installation site. The height of the mounted racks is adjusted in such a way that after installation the deck is 20-30 mm higher than the design position.
Rice. Extended stand assembly:
1 - stand, 2 - unifork, 3 - spring retainer
Rice. Installation of a rack with a tripod: 1 - a rack with a unifork; 2 - tripod
Rice. Installation in a corner or against a wall
Rice. General view of the room after the installation of the main racks
After installing the main racks and adjusting them in height, the installation of the longitudinal beams is carried out, and the installation of vertical ties. The installation of the longitudinal beams is carried out using a mounting rod directly from the base.
Rice. Mounting bar
Rice. Installation of longitudinal beams: 1-main stand with tripod and unifork; 2-mounting rod; 3-mounted stringer
After the installation of the first longitudinal beam in a row, the next one is joined to the already assembled one, with fixing in the unifork. To ensure the stability of the formwork and the perception of horizontal loads by it, with a formwork height of more than 3.0 m, it is necessary to arrange vertical connections using fastening brackets and edged boards section (hb) 25100 mm. The following labor organization is proposed: workers P2 and P3 carry out transportation of formwork elements in containers by vertical transport using a crane, or by horizontal transport using a hydraulic trolley - a loader of the Rokhlya type and preliminary laying out the beams at the place of their installation; a link of workers P1 and P5, perform the installation of longitudinal beams; the link of workers P2, P6 performs the device of vertical connections.
Rice. Vertical connections device: 1-stand; 2-longitudinal beam; 3-fixing bracket; 4-board
Rice. Mounting bracket
The installation of the cross beams is carried out by links of two workers using mounting rods directly from the base. The following scheme for organizing the work of workers is proposed: workers P2 and P3 carry out the transportation of formwork elements in containers by vertical transport using a crane, or by horizontal transport using a hydraulic trolley - a loader of the Rokhlya type and preliminary layout of the beams at the place of their installation; links of workers P1, P5 and P2, P6 perform the installation of transverse beams in adjacent spans.
Prior to the installation of plywood sheets, the cross beams are aligned using a template, then plywood is laid on the cross beams with nails fixed in the corners of the plywood sheets. The installation of the first plywood sheets is carried out from the installation sites. Further, an inventory ladder is used to move people to the deck.
The first sheets of plywood in the span are laid and fixed from the ladder ladder, the remaining sheets from the previously laid ones. Only the outer sheets of plywood are fastened with nails (self-tapping screws).
The following organization of labor is proposed: the links of workers P1, P5 and P2, P6 align the transverse beams and lay plywood sheets, as well as fix them with nails (self-tapping screws). Workers P3 and P4 deliver plywood sheets to the place of laying, treat the ends of plywood sheets with formwork lubricant using a spray gun, and level the formwork with the participation of a master (foreman). Worker P3 puts the rail at the bottom of the main beams, the foreman (foreman) takes a reading from the level, calculates the marks (height of the main and secondary beams + height of the plywood sheet) and gives the command to change the deck height required, worker P4 adjusts the deck height using the support nut of the rack . After that, the foreman (foreman) takes a second reading along the rail, if the deck is in the design position, or the deviation does not exceed the standard values, then the deck section under the next rack is leveled, otherwise the worker P4 using the support nut re-adjusts the deck in height. Formwork alignment is carried out until the deck takes the design position, or its deviations do not exceed the standard values.
Rice. Fixing plywood: 1-cross beams; 2-fixed plywood sheet; 3-nail; 4-nailed plywood sheet
At the next stage, cutters are installed - elements for forming the end surface of the floor slab. When installing the cut-offs, the brackets are first fixed with nails, then the deck is attached to the brackets from plywood or boards.
The following organization of work of workers is proposed: the link of workers P1, P5 marks the outer edge of the slab and installs the brackets; workers P2, P6 install and fix the cutter deck from plywood sheets or boards, workers P3 and P4 process plywood sheets with formwork lubricant using a sprayer.
After the cut-offs are installed, the fence is installed around the perimeter of the ceiling under construction: inventory racks of the fence are installed on the cut-off brackets, on which the sides of the fence from the board are installed.
Rice. Floor formwork protection
On the final stage formwork work, the installation of intermediate racks is carried out. To do this, insert a gripping head with a fixing latch (or a uni-fork) into the intermediate racks and install the racks with the required pitch.
Rice. Capture head. 1 - fixing latch
Rice. Installation of intermediate racks: 1-main rack; 2 - longitudinal beam; 3-intermediate rack; 4-head-capture
The following organization of work of workers is proposed: the link of workers P3, P4 carries out the delivery and pre-assembly of the racks: they insert gripping heads into the racks, the links of workers P1, P5 and P2, P6 mark the base for intermediate racks using a tape measure or template and install these racks.
Formwork of reinforced concrete beams at the edge of the ceiling:
Rice. Scheme of the formwork of reinforced concrete beams at the edge of the ceiling
A, B - ceiling formwork; C - fencing of the formwork of the ceiling.
Reinforcing works
1. Prior to the commencement of work, it is necessary:
Finish work on the installation of the ceiling formwork, the formwork must be rigidly fastened and its spatial immutability ensured;
When doing work in winter period clear the deck surface from snow and ice;
Install inventory ladders for climbing to the floor formwork, check the presence and reliability of the fence along the contour of the floor formwork and at height differences of more than 1.3 m.
2. Work on the reinforcement of the floor slab begins with delivery to the reinforcement zone necessary materials and devices for the center base of the lower grid. To deliver reinforcing products to the laying area, hoisting cranes are used; in the absence of a stationary crane at the construction site, truck-mounted cranes are used. In order to ensure that the loads on the formwork from reinforcing products do not exceed the permissible values, the reinforcement is supplied to the formwork of the ceiling in small bundles (no more than 2 tons), the distance between the bundles must be at least 1 m. products and their supply to the laying area. Links of workers P1, P5 and P2, P6 carry out the reception and unslinging of reinforcement on the formwork of the ceiling. Next, a centering base is made from reinforcing bars of the lower mesh. To do this, the link of workers P1, P6 breaks down the formwork for laying reinforcement using a tape measure and chalk (marker) according to the drawings for the reinforcement of the slab. At this time, the links of the workers P2, P6 and P3, P4 lay the reinforcing bars of the lower mesh in one of the directions. After that, workers P1, P6 align the reinforcing bars, however, the pitch of the grooves and their depth correspond to the pitch of the mesh bars and the diameter of the reinforcement. After the rods are aligned, they are fixed with the help of reinforcing rods laid in a perpendicular direction through an enlarged step. Each intersection of the reinforcing bars during the installation of the center base is fixed with a tie wire.
Rice. Deck breakdown when arranging the lower reinforcing mesh: 1 - bearing wall; 2 - inventory fence; 3 - floor formwork deck; 4 - roulette; 5 - center axles placed on deck
Rice. The procedure for fixing reinforcing bars with knitting wire: a) the scheme of movement of the working binder crossing the bars; b) the scheme for fixing the reinforcing mesh rods: 1-transverse rods; 2 - longitudinal rods; 3 - the beginning of the path of the worker; 4 - the end of the worker's path; 5-path of movement of the worker; 6 - the intersection of reinforcing bars, fixed with a knitting wire.
Knitting of reinforcing bars is carried out using pre-prepared pieces of knitting wire and a knitting hook. To perform this operation, the knitting wire in the form of a loop is threaded under the intersection of the reinforcing bars, and the free ends of the wire are twisted by the rotational movement of the knitting hook until the bars are rigidly fixed in the knot. After the completion of the laying of the rods, the link of workers P3, P4 performs the installation of a protective layer, installing reinforcement clamps under the reinforcing bars of the connected lower mesh. The spacing of the fixators for the protective layer of the reinforcement is assigned from the condition of the rigidity of the mesh with the provision of the design position and is assigned depending on the diameter of the reinforcement:
- Ø8 - 0.5m;
- Ø10 - 0.6m;
- Ø12 - 0.8m;
- Ø14 - 0.8m;
- Ø16 - 1.0m
Rice. Scheme of fixing reinforcing bars with knitting wire: a) pulling the wire under the knot; b) alignment of the ends of the wire; c) twisting the ends of the wire with a knitting hook; d) fixed node: 1 - reinforcing bar;
Rice. Installation of reinforcement clamps: 1-longitudinal rod; 2 - transverse rod; 3 - knitting wire; 4 - retainer; 5 - deck
In winter, heating wires PNSV 1.2 are laid out and fixed. In order to avoid damage to the wires, they are fixed to the fittings of the lower grid only with soft wire or twists from wire segments PNSV 1.2. The ends of the wires are brought out and fixed in the place where the main different-phase wires will pass. The length of the wire loop, the laying pitch is assigned depending on climatic conditions, the relevant recommendations are given in the section "Work in winter conditions".
Rice. Heating wire laying diagram
At the next stage of reinforcing work, installation is carried out, fixing the supporting frames and reinforcement frames with the help of a knitting wire to the lower reinforcing mesh. At the same time, the following work organization scheme is assumed: workers P3 and P4 lay out and prepare the frames for installation (they give the supporting frames a zigzag bend, which ensures their stability); workers P1, P5 and P2, P6 fasten the frames to the lower grid using a knitting wire.
Rice. Installation of supporting frames: 1 - reinforcing mesh rods; 2 - supporting frame; 3 - fixing the supporting frame to the reinforcing mesh with knitting wire; 4 - working setting frame; 5 - working fixing frame.
After installing the supporting frames, the transverse rods of the upper mesh are laid. To perform this operation, the links of the workers P2, P6 and P3, P4 lay the reinforcing bars of the upper mesh in the transverse direction. After that, workers P1, P6 align the reinforcing bars using a template. After the rods are aligned, they are fixed with the help of reinforcing rods laid in the longitudinal direction through an enlarged step. Each intersection of the reinforcing bars during the installation of the center base is fixed with a tie wire. Next, the reinforcing bars of the upper mesh are laid in the longitudinal direction (filling the enlarged spans between the longitudinal bars laid with an enlarged step.
Rice. The device of the upper reinforcing mesh: 1-supporting frames; 2-transverse reinforcing bars of the upper mesh, laid with a design step; 3-longitudinal reinforcing bars laid with an increased span; 4-fastening of the upper transverse rods to the supporting frames using a knitting wire. Note: the lower grid is conditionally not shown
To perform this process, the link of workers P3, P4 lays the rods in the longitudinal direction, filling the enlarged longitudinal spans between the staking rods, the links of the workers P1, P5 and P2, P6 align the reinforcing bars of the upper mesh of the longitudinal direction and fix the knots of the upper mesh using a knitting wire . When fixing the nodes of the upper reinforcing mesh with a knitting wire, the workers move in the same way as when fixing the nodes of the lower reinforcing mesh.
Further, the installation and fixing of the opening formers, embedded parts and thermal inserts, and the installation of a technological seam are carried out. For the device of the technological seam, along with its passage, a reinforcing cage is installed between the upper and lower reinforcing mesh. A chain-link mesh with a small cell (no more than 1010 mm) is attached to the frame with the help of a knitting wire. Under the lower reinforcing mesh along the line of passage of the technological seam, a board is laid and fixed, the thickness of which is equal to the thickness of the protective layer of the lower reinforcement. Similarly, the board is fixed to the top reinforcement, its thickness must be at least the thickness of the protective layer of the top reinforcement. At the final stage, an anti-adhesive lubricant is applied to the formwork panels. It is recommended to use as anti-adhesion lubricant: betrol, emulsol, adenol. Apply anti-adhesion lubricant to the surface of formwork panels with a spray gun or by painting with a brush or roller.
Rice. 1 - top board for forming a protective layer; 2 - upper reinforcing mesh; 3 - chain-link mesh fixed to a reinforcing cage; 4 - bottom reinforcing mesh; 5 - bottom board for forming a protective layer; 6 - deck (plywood); 7 - transverse beam; 8 - longitudinal beam; 9 - reinforcement retainer.
Concrete placement and compaction
1. Prior to the start of concrete work, it is necessary:
Finish the installation of reinforcement, the reinforcement must be rigidly fixed to ensure its design position during the concreting process;
Examine the work on the installation of formwork and floor reinforcement with the execution of the relevant act.
The supply of concrete mixture to the laying area is carried out:
Concrete pump with characteristics for this object (concrete distributing boom);
According to the "faucet-bucket" system.
2. To supply the concrete mixture to the laying area, it is proposed to use the "faucet-bucket" system. Reception of concrete mix is carried out in the rotary bunker directly from the vehicle of the mixer truck. The concrete mixture in the bunker is fed by a tower crane to the place of laying, where it is placed into the ceiling formwork and compacted using internal vibrators. We accept the step of permutation of the vibrator 300 mm. The signal of the end of compaction is that, under the action of vibration, the sedimentation of the concrete mixture has stopped, and air bubbles have ceased to be released from it.
Next, the surface of the concreted structure is smoothed using trowels. After that, open unformed surfaces are covered with a polyethylene film, in winter, tarpaulin insulated canopies (etaf, sawdust) are additionally laid on top of the polyethylene film, and temperature wells are arranged in the concrete body using a PVC tube plugged in the lower part.
Rice. Temperature well device: 1 - floor slab concrete; 2 - PVC tube; 3 - heat-conducting liquid; 4 - plug.
In the course of work, workers P3, P4 monitor the unloading of the concrete mixture into the bunkers, carry out slinging and supply of the concrete mixture to the place of its placement in the structure. Worker P1 performs the laying of the concrete mixture into the structure, controlling the movement of the hopper as the volume of the floor slab structure is filled. Worker P5 compacts the concrete mixture using a deep vibrator. Workers P2, P6 level the concrete mixture with shovels and smooth its surface with trowels, after which they also cover the smoothed surfaces with a polyethylene film, and in winter, heat insulation over the polyethylene film with insulated canopies and the installation of temperature wells.
Rice. Concrete laying: 1 - hopper for concrete supply; 2 - laid concrete; 3 - reinforcing mesh; 4 - the design of the formwork of the ceiling; 5 - inventory fence.
When laying the concrete mixture with a concrete mixer truck, the concrete mixture is taken into the receiving hopper of the truck concrete pump directly from the concrete mixer vehicle. The concrete mix is delivered in portions by a concrete mixing boom to the place of laying, where it is placed into the ceiling formwork and compacted using internal vibrators with the help of a flexible tip. We accept the step of permutation of the vibrator 300 mm. The signal of the end of compaction is that, under the action of vibration, the sedimentation of the concrete mixture has stopped, and air bubbles have ceased to be released from it.
Next, the surface of the concreted structure is smoothed using trowels. During the performance of work, the operator of the concrete pumping plant and the worker P6 inspect and regulate the concrete mixing plant, supply the concrete mixture to the place of its distribution in the structure, monitor the operation of the installation and eliminate plugs in the receiving hopper. The link of workers P1, P5 performs the laying of the concrete mixture into the structure, controlling the flexible tip of the concrete pump boom as the volume of the floor slab structure is filled. Worker P2 compacts the concrete mixture using a deep vibrator.
Rice. Concrete laying: 1 - the tip of the boom of the concrete pump; 2 - laid concrete; 3 reinforcing mesh; 4 - construction of the formwork of the ceiling; 5 - inventory fence.
Curing
When performing work at low temperatures:
Unformed surfaces of structures should be covered with steam and thermal insulation materials immediately after the completion of concreting (p / e film + tarpaulin curtains (etafom, sawdust)).
Reinforcement outlets of concreted structures must be covered or insulated to a height (length) of at least 0.5 m.
Curing of concrete during winter concreting monolithic structures should be produced by the "heating wire" method.
The control of the strength of concrete should be carried out, as a rule, by testing samples made at the place of laying the concrete mix. Samples stored in frost should be kept for 2-4 hours at a temperature of 15-20 C before testing.
It is allowed to control the strength by the temperature of the concrete during its curing.
The movement of people on concreted structures and the installation of formwork of overlying structures is allowed after the concrete reaches a strength of at least 1.5 MPa.
TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD
ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION AND DISASSEMBLY OF THE FORMWORK OF A MONOLITHIC FLOOR PLATE
|
I approve |
1 area of use
1 area of use
1.1. The technological map was developed to organize the work of workers involved in the installation and dismantling of the formwork of monolithic reinforced concrete floor slabs.
1.2. The technological map includes the following works:
- installation of formwork;
- demolition of formwork.
1.3. The scope of works considered by the technological map includes:
- slinging and supply of formwork elements (frame supports, racks, tripods, uniforks, wooden beams, plywood) to the mounting horizon;
- device formwork under the beam;
- arrangement of formwork for a balcony slab;
- device formwork under the "tooth";
- arrangement of formwork for overlapping;
- arrangement of formwork for the end face of the floor slab;
- arrangement of temporary fences;
- device of opening formers;
- dismantling of the formwork;
- cleaning, lubrication, storage and transportation of formwork elements.
1.4. Formwork must meet the following requirements:
- strength, immutability, correctness of shape and size;
- reliable perception of vertical and horizontal loads;
- surface density (lack of cracks), exclusion of cement laitance seepage through it;
- the ability to provide the required quality of the concrete surface;
- the possibility of multiple use;
- manufacturability - ease of use, the possibility quick installation and disassembly.
2. Technology and organization of work
2.1. Requirements for prior work
2.1.1. The following work must be completed prior to the installation of the formwork:
- prepared the basis for the installation of formwork;
- the structures of columns and walls were completed, acts of their acceptance were drawn up based on the executive geodetic survey;
- delivered and stored in the assembly area tower crane ceiling formwork elements;
- checked the presence, marking of formwork elements;
- prepared and tested mechanisms, inventory, fixtures, tools;
- lighting of workplaces and the construction site was arranged;
- all measures for the fencing of openings, stairwells, the perimeter of the reinforced concrete slab were completed in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction, part 1";
- the height mark was transferred to the floor.
2.2. Work production technology
Formwork installation
2.2.1. The floor formwork device begins with the supply of frame supports, telescopic racks, tripods, uniforks, wooden beams, plywood sheets to the mounting horizon, to the workplace.
2.2.2. Formwork with a lower elevation is executed first. We begin the work with the formwork for the beams.
2.2.3. In connection with the chosen formwork method, a double deck device, formwork is simultaneously arranged for a beam, a balcony slab, a "tooth".
2.2.4. Formwork installation begins with the installation of ID15 frame supports at a distance of at least 50 mm from the edge of the slab in accordance with the arrangement scheme, l.2 and l.3 of the graphic part.
Pre-set the height of the frame support (distance from the floor to the bottom of the main beam) according to the template by adjusting the screw heads and screw feet.
2.2.5. Install the main beams (wooden beam 2.9 m) on the screw heads (crown).
In accordance with sections 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4 (l.5, 6 of the graphic part) and the layout of the beams (l.4 of the graphic part).
2.2.6. Install secondary beams on the main beams ( wooden beams 4.2 m) in 400 mm increments.
In the axes G-D / 1, E-Zh / 7, where the "tooth" passes, if it is impossible to use a beam of 4.2 m (the distance between the walls in cleanliness in these places is 2900 mm and 2660 mm), install two paired beams 2 .5 m
2.2.7. Lay sheets of laminated plywood, 18 mm thick, on the installed secondary beams. Thus, the lower deck is formed (mark +6.040). Nail plywood to wooden beams. See sheet 4 for the layout of plywood, as well as sheets 5 and 6 of the graphic part.
2.2.8. Level the lower deck.
2.2.9. With the help of geodetic instruments, bring to the lower deck the lines of the faces of the concreted beam for the installation of a vertical deck.
2.2.10. The vertical deck of the beam is formed from laminated plywood strips, 300 mm wide. For dimensions and layout, see sheet 3 of the graphic part.
Connect the plywood strips together with a 50x50 beam. The beam is also used to be able to nail to the lower deck and to the upper, see node A sheet 5 of the graphic part.
For the stability of the vertical deck, arrange a brace from a 50x50 beam.
2.2.11. Install wooden beams 2.5 m on the lower deck.
Place a beam 82x82 under these beams (for climbing).
Under the balcony slab, wooden beams are located perpendicular to the concreted beam with a step of 400 mm, under the "tooth" along the concreted beam.
See the scheme for laying out wooden beams on sheets 5 and 6 of the graphic part.
2.2.12. Lay sheets of laminated plywood on the installed wooden beams, in accordance with the layout diagram of sheet 3 of the graphic part.
2.2.13. For the device "tooth" where the wall passes, use a bracket.
The bracket is attached with a tie.
A bar 100x100 is laid on the bracket.
Laminated plywood is attached to the beam.
See section 6-6 and 7-7 of sheet 7 of the graphic part for the deck layout.
For the layout of brackets for tooth formation, see sheet 2 of the graphic part.
2.2.14. Formwork for floor slab.
In accordance with the layout diagram (sheet 2 of the graphic part), measure with a meter and mark with chalk the installation sites of the racks.
Start by installing the end posts under the main beams, at a distance of 4.0 m along the letter axes.
The distance between the uprights along the digital axes corresponds to the pitch of the main beams.
2.2.15. Insert the unifork into the rack. Expand the rack according to the template to the length specified by the height to the main (lower) beam. Install the rack and unfasten the tripod.
2.2.16. Install the main beams (wooden beams 4.2 m) on the installed and unfastened racks using a mounting fork. The step of the main beams is 1.5 m.
2.2.17. On the main beams, using a mounting fork, install secondary beams (wooden beams 3.3 m) without fasteners. The pitch of the secondary beams is 0.40 m.
2.2.18. Lay sheets of laminated plywood on the secondary beams, close to each other so that the gaps between them are no more than 2 mm. The first sheets of plywood are fed from the concrete floor, after laying at least 12 sheets, the plywood is fed to the deck.
Sheets and strips of plywood extreme along the perimeter are fastened with nails to secondary beams to prevent tipping.
See sheet 3 of the graphic part for the layout of plywood.
2.2.19. Plywood sheets suitable for the formwork under the beam should be laid last, after the vertical beam deck has been installed.
2.2.20. For the convenience of mounting the formwork (as well as dismantling), cut a standard plywood sheet into pieces 2440x610 mm.
2.2.21. In several places, it is recommended to use ordinary plywood impregnated with a lubricating emulsion.
2.2.22. Places cut laminated plywood become susceptible to moisture and are subject to moisture-resistant treatment (molten paraffin, treatment with two layers of primer).
2.2.23. The deck surface must be leveled.
2.2.24. After installing the deck of the floor slab, balcony slab, "tooth", arrange a side, with a height equal to the thickness of the floor.
The formwork of the floor end is performed as follows.
The line of the end of the slab is made, strips of plywood are attached to the deck along the line, with a width equal to the height of the ceiling. To avoid capsizing the end, arrange a brace from a 50x50 beam.
2.2.25. With the help of universal fences that are attached to wooden beams, arrange a temporary fence. Install fence posts, with a step of no more than 1200 mm, insert fencing boards into the brackets of the racks.
2.2.26. Promoter device. The openings are made from laminated plywood. The size of the opening formers along the outer edges corresponds to the dimensions of the opening in the floor slab. The opening formers are installed in the design position and nailed to the floor slab deck.
The technological map was developed for the installation of a continuous monolithic interfloor overlap, supported along the contour of class B25 concrete. Plate thickness 200 mm. At around +10.700. Reinforcement of the slab is carried out with a reinforcing mesh of class A240 and B500.
In the technological map, the supply and laying of the concrete mix by the SB-149 concrete pump is adopted. Loading and unloading, reinforcing and formwork works are carried out by the TsBK-125 tower crane. Operating parameters are given in the table.
Working Parameters of Tower Crane
4.3.2. Organization and technology of work performance
Prior to the installation of a monolithic reinforced concrete floor, the following work must be performed:
access roads and roads are arranged;
the ways of movement of mechanisms, places of storage, consolidation of formwork elements are indicated, mounting equipment and fixtures are prepared;
reinforcing meshes, formwork kits were delivered in an amount that ensures uninterrupted operation for at least two shifts;
acceptance certificates were drawn up in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents;
geodetic breakdown of axes was made in accordance with the project;
The scope of work covered by the map includes:
auxiliary (unloading, storage, sorting of reinforcing products and formwork sets);
reinforcing;
formwork;
concrete.
Unloading, sorting, layout of reinforcing meshes, formwork elements, installation of meshes and enlarged formwork panels, as well as dismantling of formwork is carried out using a KS-2571A truck crane and a TsBK-125 tower crane.
Reinforcing meshes arrive at the construction site in assembled form.
The formwork system consists of: telescopic props, tripods, "falling" and removable fork, longitudinal and transverse beams, moisture-resistant plywood with laminated coating, bracket. Fortifying formwork assembly takes place directly at its workplace, thereby forming a deck. The main dimensions of the panels: 3x1.25x0.09m, and 3x0.3x0.09m.
Work on the construction of a monolithic ceiling is carried out in a certain sequence:
Prior to the floor formwork, brickwork must be completed.
This system allows you to arrange formwork for floors of any length, width and thickness, due to the fact that all the constituent elements of the formwork are adjusted to each other, have significant strength and durability.
The entire floor area is divided into separate sections with a breakdown of the axes and drawing marks on the underlying floor. According to the inflicted risks, telescopic racks are set, ensuring their design position in the same plane. Spatial stability of racks is provided by sliding tripods. “Forks” and “falling forks” are installed on telescopic racks, fixing them in the design position.
In the removable forks of the racks, load-bearing longitudinal beams are installed, along which transverse beams are placed, formwork sheets are laid out on top. Along the perimeter of the formwork, sides are installed, 30 cm high. the sides are made of moisture-resistant plywood, which is attached to the beams, the beams, in turn, are supported by brackets. The brackets are attached to the transverse or longitudinal beams with clamps, with a step of 2m. The detachable fork of the stand can hold two overlapping beams at once, which can be easily moved along this head, so the design is applicable to any formwork shape in plan. Then proceed to the device reinforcing mesh. Grids are overlapped without a welded joint. On reinforcing meshes, clamps are placed with a step of 1 m to create a protective layer of concrete. In places where ventilation ducts, risers, columns are installed, additional reinforcing meshes are installed. They also arrange lighthouses along which compaction is carried out with a vibrating screed, controlling the thickness of the concrete mixture.
Concreting is carried out on grips with the device of working seams (during technological breaks). The length of the grip is equal to the length of the temperature block of the building (2 grips). Working seams exclude movement of joined surfaces relative to each other and do not reduce bearing capacity structures. The location of the working seams is assigned in places where there is the smallest bending moment or shearing force. If there is a break in concreting for more than two hours, laying is resumed only after the concrete has gained a strength of at least 1.5 MPa, since with a strength below 1.5 MPa, further laying leads to a violation of the structure of the previously laid concrete as a result of the dynamic action of vibrators and other mechanisms. Before resuming concreting clean the surface of the concrete. For better adhesion of previously laid concrete with fresh working seams on horizontal and inclined surfaces, they are cleaned of the cement film with a water or air jet, metal brushes or mechanical cutters. Then it is covered with cement mortar with a layer 1.5-3 cm thick to fill in all the irregularities.
The concrete mixture is laid in horizontal layers, and it must fit snugly against the formwork, reinforcement and embedded parts of the structure. Layers are laid only after appropriate compaction of the previous one. For uniform compaction, the distance between each vibrator installation must be respected. The thickness of the layer to be concreted is set based on the depth of vibration working: not more than 1.25 of the length of the working part of the vibrator with manual vibration and up to 100 cm when using mounted vibrators and vibrating packages.
The concrete mixture is fed in a layer equal to the thickness of the overlap of 200 mm. The concrete mixture should have a draft of 4 - 12 cm. The selection and appointment of the composition of the concrete mixture is carried out by the construction laboratory. Concreting is carried out by the SB-149 concrete pump.
Measures for the care of concrete during the period of curing, the procedure and timing of their implementation, control over the implementation of these measures must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 70.13330.2012. Exposed concrete surfaces must be protected from moisture loss by watering or covering them. wet materials(tarpaulin). The terms of aging and the frequency of watering are determined by the construction laboratory. The movement of people on the concrete floor and the dismantling of the formwork are allowed after the concrete reaches a strength of at least 1.5 MPa. Watering concrete at a temperature of +5 ° C and above should be done during the first 3 days during the day at least every 3 hours and at least 1 time at night; in the subsequent time - at least 3 times a day when covering concrete with moisture-absorbing materials (sand or sawdust). The duration of the break between waterings can be increased by about 1.5 times; at air temperatures below +5°C concrete should not be watered.
The dismantling of the side elements of the formwork should be carried out after the concrete reaches strength, which ensures the safety of the surface and edges of the corners from damage.
To carry out stripping, the “falling” forks are lowered down (up to 6...10 cm), as a result, the entire formwork system flexes somewhat. It becomes possible to release individual longitudinal and transverse beams, remove, if necessary, formwork panels or intermediate posts after the concrete concreted structure of the floor has reached sufficient strength, remove the fasteners connecting adjacent formwork panels.
Step-by-step execution of work on the installation of a monolithic floor:
1. Unloading, sorting and installation of formwork and reinforcement.
Work is carried out by 1 link; the link includes installers: 4r-1, 2r-1 and the driver 6r-1.
The 4p installer slings the materials from the onboard vehicle, and also receives the materials, unslings and sorts the materials, the 2p installer prepares the materials storage area and assists in sorting.
Installer 4р performs slinging of materials from the storage area, installer 2р receives materials from the storage area in the installation area, arranges them.
Installer 4p makes a breakdown of the places of installation of formwork racks, Installer 2p assembles racks, tripods, forks, adjusts the height.
Installation of beams and formwork panels is carried out by an installer 4p, an installer 2p is engaged in cutting and installing additional panels.
Installer 4p and 2p install the cut-off brackets and beams, as well as install the side panels of the formwork.
2. Reinforcing and welding works.
The work is carried out by the 2nd link; the link includes fitters: 4r-1, 2r-1, installers: 4r-1, 3r-2, electric welder: 3r-1, crane operator: 6r-1
Installer: 3r-2 performs slinging of reinforcing products from storage sites, structural assemblers: 4r-1 accepts reinforcement products at installation sites, aligns, lays and rigs, fitters: 4r-1, 2r-1 prepare the installation site for reinforcement, install clamps, roll out nets, lay flat nets, assist the installer in installing nets. Electric welder: 3p-1 welds meshes at the passage points ventilation ducts, risers, stair and lift shafts.
3. Concrete work, concrete maintenance.
The work is carried out by the 3rd link; the link includes a concrete worker: 4r-1, 2r-2, a concrete pump driver: 6r-1.
The 6r concrete pump driver prepares the machine for receiving concrete from the concrete mixer, monitors the readings of the sensors, controls the boom and trunk of the concrete pump, controls and distributes the concrete supply at the place of laying. Concrete worker 4p, 2p assist the driver, distribute, level and compact concrete. Concrete workers 2p water and cover the concrete with matting, arrange working joints, lubricate the surface of the formwork.
4. Formwork dismantling, formwork dismantling from additional boards, loading fixtures, inventory and formwork elements onto vehicles
Work is carried out by 1 link; the link includes carpenters: 4r-1, 3r-2 and the driver 6r-1.
The 3p carpenter is dismantling the additional panels, the 4p carpenter is dismantling the main panels, sorting and preparing the formwork elements for slinging. Carpenter 3p assists in preparation for slinging; is engaged in slinging of the formwork elements, accepts the formwork on the next tier or on board the vehicle.