Williams pear variety positive and negative properties. Williams pear variety - description, characteristics. Benefits of summer ripening pears

The second name is Williams Rouge Delbara. A variety of pear variety Williams ordinary, which was bred by the Englishman M. Weller in 1796.

However, it was the red Williams that was received in France later.

The seedlings were propagated by Richard Williams, hence the pear variety takes its name.

Variety Description

Growing up, seedlings do not reach large sizes. The crown is quite rare, small, in the form of a pyramid.

The shoots in the central part of the tree are inclined at a slight angle, closer to the bottom they smoothly bend down in an arc. There are cracks on the bark.

On the branches, the average number of smooth oblong leaves of dark green color. The tree begins to bear fruit after reaching the age of 3-4 years.

Description of the fruit

The pear bears rather large fruits, weighing 160-190 g.

If the tree is grafted on quince, the mass of fruits can reach 270 g. The shape of the fruit is oblong, there is tuberosity. The skin is most often yellow in color, covered with a burgundy tint on top.

A distinctive feature is pink or yellow dots, there may be reddish spots.

The pulp is sweet, juicy, has a pleasant taste. The first stream of harvesting occurs in mid-August - early September. Due medium density fetus, the state of its transportation is assessed as satisfactory.

Advantages of the red Williams variety:

1. Unripe fruit can be stored at home, after 2-3 weeks it will reach the stage of full maturity and will be suitable for consumption.
2. Possibility of storage in a cool room up to 4 months.
3. Perfect for making jams, compotes, and other canned products.
4. Short start of yield, especially if the tree is grafted on quince.
5. Taste qualities.

Disadvantages:

1. Particularly sensitive to agricultural technology.
2. Sensitive to fertilizers.
3. Average cold hardiness.
4. In terms of yield, it is inferior to the original Williams ordinary.

Like any other type of pear, red Williams seedlings are recommended to be planted in holes filled with fertilized soil.

The main value of fertilized soil is to create favorable conditions seedling growth. It is generally accepted that the larger the planting hole, the longer the harvest period will last.

It is better to prepare the recesses in advance so that the soil has time to soak in sufficient nutrients. Since this pear variety is grown mainly in the middle zone of the country, the best fertilizer in this case it is considered wood ash or superphosphate in granules.

One seedling accounts for about 1 kg of ash or a little more than 200 grams of superphosphate. After, it is necessary to check the branches and trunk for dry buds.

If there are any, get rid of them. Pour plenty of water over the landing site, for better preservation of moisture, for the first time you can cover the area with improvised material, for example, with a film. After the plant has successfully taken root, remove the material, moderately water the soil, loosen the ground around the trunk.

Take note: the successful rooting of a pear tree will be facilitated by a metal stake driven in near the trunk, tying to which will limit the swaying of the seedling from the wind.

The pear crop has only positive reviews in terms of taste, it is distinguished by significant juiciness, a delicate sweetish taste, the hybrid was able to achieve real popular recognition. In this regard, the demand for the variety is quite high.

How to care for a pear tree in the fall, see the advice of expert gardeners in the following video:

Williams (Pyrus communis ‘Williams’) is a classic late summer pear. The variety was bred in England at the end of the 18th century, but became widely known only in the 19th century.

Active distribution of this species was carried out by Richard Williams, from whose name the pear got its name. In the 20s of the 19th century, the variety began to be cultivated throughout Europe. Pear Williams has alternative names in other countries: in America, the fruit is called Bartlett, and in Russia, Duchess Summer. Seedlings of this species can take root on almost any continent.

Tree characteristic

Representatives of the Williams variety belong to the category of vigorous trees. The wide, spreading crown does not have a distinct shape, but is most often classified as pyramidal. Elongated thick shoots often have an arched shape.

The trees are characterized by small foliage. The leaves are oval, slightly curved, painted in various shades of green. The variety is characterized by late, but long flowering.

Pollinator varieties

For each subspecies, varieties suitable for pollination have been identified:

1. winter variety brings a good harvest in the neighborhood of Olivier de Ser and.
2. Duchess summer it is desirable to plant near the trees Forest Beauty, Aleksandrovka, Pass Krassan.
3. Williams red well pollinated by pears Bere Giffard or Hardy, Clapp's Favorite.

tree height

Representatives of the species are classified as low compared to other varieties. Mature trees rarely grow above 3 meters in height.

Lifespan

Domesticated plants have a shorter lifespan than wild ones. With a decrease in yield, mature trees are subjected to rejuvenation, thereby prolonging the fruiting period.

At proper care the average duration is about 80 years. Active fruiting begins 7-8 years after planting the seedling.

winter hardiness

Pear trees do not tolerate frost well, and even more so very coldy Therefore, they are mainly grown in areas with a warm climate. When planting a plant on waterlogged soil, especially in low areas, young seedlings may freeze slightly.

yield

Yield depends on conditions environment where the tree grows. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, trees at the age of 12-18 years old bring an average of 100-200 centners per hectare, in the conditions of the Crimea this figure will be 80-150 kg per plant.

Cyclic fruiting

Williams shows early long flowering. Removable maturity in fruits occurs in the second decade of August. The yield depends little on climatic conditions because the trees are quite hardy.

self-fertility

Representatives of the pear are self-infertile, they need other varieties of pears to form the ovary. As pollinators near it is recommended to plant:

• Olivier de Serre;
• Bere Bosk;
• Pass Crassan;
• Alexandrovka.

Williams is grafted on a pear or quince. At the same time, fruiting begins earlier, by 5 (pear) or 4 (quince) years.

What you can graft a pear on will tell.

disease resistance

Williams poorly resists the effects of diseases and pests. With improper cultivation, trees are severely affected by aphids, suckers, which can lead to their death.

Description of the fruit

Fruits of the Williams variety have a standard pear shape. Depending on the subspecies, the fruit may exhibit tuberosity and irregularities. The color of the peel in the mature state varies in accordance with the subspecies from golden to deep burgundy. On one side of the fetus, a tan of a reddish-brown hue may occur. Due to their large size, with high yields, pears can break off branches under their own weight.

calories

Due to their high fiber content and low energy content, pears are great for a variety of diets. They create a feeling of satiety in the stomach and help eliminate excess fat, cholesterol and toxic substances from the body. Calorie content - 47.6 kcal Proteins - 0.6 g Fats - 0.3 g Carbohydrates - 11.3 g Water - 87.5 g. Chemical composition: sugar content 8.3%, dry matter 13.8%, acids - 0.42%, P-active catechins 42.6 mg/100 g, ascorbic acid 5.4 mg/100 g.

Find out about the calorie content of a pear from.

Taste

The fruits are excellent in taste. White juicy pulp, with a yellowish tint, has a delicate wine-sweet taste. Dessert characteristics are complemented by sour pulp and nutmeg aroma.

Fruit size

All subspecies of the variety produce large fruits, the size of which is not lower than average. The smallest pears weigh 150-170 g. Larger and more voluminous fruits are brought by young trees - 200-250 g. The shape of the pears is oblong, with a typical, slightly bumpy surface.

Usage

External and taste characteristics of pears on a five-point tasting scale are estimated at 4.8 points.

The fruits of all subspecies are considered dessert and can be used in fresh. Due to the rich aroma and delicate taste of the pulp, they are suitable for making jam, jam, juices.

Varieties

Williams has several subspecies:

• Williams Red (Rouge Delbara);
• Duchess Summer (Williams Summer);
• A winter variety commonly referred to as Cure.

Subspecies Cure common in warm regions, but a slight cooling does not greatly harm the plant, which retains the ability to bear fruit. The variety is characteristic abundant flowering, with good ovary formation. large flowers have a white-pink hue. The best pollinating neighbors are pear trees Olivier de Ser and Duchesse. Large, slightly oblong fruits have a weight of 150-250 g. The peel is rich yellow, often has a longitudinal brown stripe. The pear has a grainy, juicy pulp, with a sweet and sour taste.

The trees are tall and strong, with a dense pyramidal crown. During the period of active fruiting, due to the severity of the fruit, the branches may go down.

Subspecies Williams summer considered one of the best representatives of the pear species due to its high yields. The period of active growth in trees ends by 10-12 years after planting. The plant is considered low or medium tall. The branches and trunk are painted yellowish. The variety is characterized by a late flowering period, the flowers are painted white. Weather conditions do not affect this process. The best pollinators for the species will be Pass Krassan, Forest Beauty, Aleksandrovka trees. The first ripe pears appear by the end of August-beginning of September. To extend their storage period, the collection begins ahead of time full maturation. The fruits are medium in size, weighing 150-160 g. Pears have a shiny greenish-yellow skin with a small pink spot on one side. There may be bumps or bumps. They have excellent taste characteristics. Juicy yellowish-white flesh is very sweet, with a slight sourness and a pronounced aroma.

subspecies trees Williams red grow small, with a compact crown and a small number of leaves. Plants begin to actively bear fruit from the fifth year after planting seedlings. The variety is characterized by late flowering and high yield. The best pair for pollination will be Bere Gardi, Bere Giffar,. Pears ripen at the end of August. Large fruits have an oblong shape and bumpy skin, a characteristic rich burgundy-pink hue. Weight from 150 to 200 g. Creamy juicy pulp, slightly granular, sweet and sour, with a rich aroma and nutmeg notes. The harvest is stored until the onset of winter.

Planting, growing care

Pear Williams is very sensitive to temperature drops, excessive moisture. Seedlings do not resist tree diseases well and harmful insects. The variety needs careful care and periodic processing. protective equipment. If the conditions of agricultural technology are not observed, instead of a healthy, fruit-bearing tree with sweet pears, you can get a stunted plant, with a great predisposition to death.

Read about the processing of pears in the spring from pests and diseases.

Landing

Before starting planting work, you should carefully select a place. The site should be with free access to sunlight and nutritious waterproof soil. If the soil is not sufficiently saturated, it can be additionally fertilized in advance. At close proximity ground water should take care of drainage system or change the pickup location.

Timing

Young trees can be planted twice a year - in spring and autumn.

Spring planting is done before bud break, but after the arrival spring frosts. In this case, the trees will be able to get stronger enough in the warm season.

Autumn planting is done after the end of the growing season a few weeks before the onset of cold weather. Seedlings will be able to receive maximum amount nutrients collected in the soil during the summer period.

Can't be held landing work at negative temperatures - planting material will instantly die.

Technology and agricultural technology

For planting a Williams seedling, a pit with parameters of 60x60x80 cm is suitable. Before placing the plant in the ground, you should examine it well root system, remove damaged or dried parts and soak for 3-12 hours in a solution of a root stimulator (heteroauxin). The roots of the tree are evenly distributed in the planting pit, covered with garden soil, and upstairs with a pre-prepared mixture. The mixture is prepared from 1 part of garden soil, 1 part of humus, 350 g of potassium sulfate, 350 g of superphosphate. To support the seedling, a peg is placed next to it.

What is the best way to grow

As planting material, it is desirable to choose seedlings of the first or second year of life, with a height of about one and a half meters. Their average number of branches varies from 3 to 5. The length of the root system is about 20-30 cm. young tree there should be no obvious damage, leaves or root shoots. Also, the seedling should have a well-formed central shoot.

Read about planting pear seedlings in spring.

Distance between trees

The landing site should be well protected from the winds, but receive enough natural light. Pollinating trees should be located near the planting material, taking into account the dimensions of mature trees. It is advisable to draw up a landing plan in advance. Vigorous adult plants require about 6-7 meters of space, medium-sized ones can do with 4 meters.

Care

Williams trees need standard care throughout their lives - watering, fertilizing, pruning and preparing for the winter season. They need abundant watering the first two to three years after planting - 3-4 times a week. Adult plants are watered depending on climatic conditions - from 3 to 6-7 times per season.

The root zone can be filled with mulching material, which allows you to retain moisture and fight the number of weeds.

top dressing

Not yet fruiting plants are fed annually in the spring. As a fertilizer, rotted manure is suitable with the addition of 100 g of azofoska, which is laid out in a thin layer around the tree on the root system. Adult pears are fertilized in autumn during digging. The soil is enriched mineral supplements combined with organic.

How to feed a pear in the spring read.

With weak flowering and the likelihood of a low yield, additional fertilizer can be applied after shedding the ovary.

fruit ripening

Removable maturity of Williams pears occurs in mid-August. It is extremely important to harvest in a timely manner, as large fruits can break branches.

fruit storage

If harvested prematurely, the crop can be stored for 15 days and easily tolerates transportation. In the refrigerator, pears remain fresh for up to 45 days. Fully ripe fruits will last no more than a week.

Rejuvenation

After ten years of fruiting, the tree gradually reduces the size of the crop. With a significant decline in yield, the plant must be rejuvenated - remove excess shoots. When rejuvenating, a tree leaves a trunk and 2-3 most powerful branches. All other shoots are pruned. This procedure allows you to concentrate nutrients in fewer shoots, which will improve the quality and quantity of the crop from the plant.

Undercuts

Young plants are formed in early spring before the onset of sap flow. All lateral shoots are cut off from the tree, except for the 4-6 strongest ones. Mature pears need pruning twice a year. In autumn, sanitary pruning is carried out (removal of damaged parts), in spring - thinning (to form the correct crown).

To which regions is the variety more adapted?

From England, the pear came to the territories of France and the Crimea, and then to the southern regions of Russia. As a reference variety, it is widely grown throughout the world. In Russia, Williams is grown mainly in the southern territories of the country - Krasnodar region, Caucasus, Adygea. Cultivated on the territory of Ukraine, Latvia, Georgia, Moldova.

Video

Video about Williams pear variety.

For many decades, breeders have bred great amount, however, nature does not stand still, so sometimes we can see natural mutations that create new ones. Today we will discuss the Williams Red house pear, describe the variety, and also talk about its strengths and weaknesses.

Breeding history

The Williams variety was bred back in 1796 and named after the breeder Williams Christ, but the red variation arose independently, spontaneously, without conscious human influence. I.e, pear "Williams Rouge Delbara" is not the fruit of the efforts of breeders, but a simple natural mutation.

Tree Description

The aerial part is much smaller than that of the pure Williams variety. The crown is in the form of a pyramid, not thickened. The branches grow at an acute angle of 40˚ closer to the base, and the apical shoots bend down to the ground in the form of an arc. Sheet plates do not differ in shape and size from standard ones.

It is worth noting that the bark on the tree has cracks, which is associated with varietal features and not with activities.

Description of fruits

Distinguishing the "mutant" from the "Williams" fruit is quite simple, since the former has a brighter color. not only painted in shades of red and purple, but also have a more elongated shape.

The average fruit weight is 200-250 g. Pears have a thin skin. The flesh is yellow, very soft and juicy. The taste of the pear is very sweet with a nutmeg flavor. There is a slight acidity.

Lighting Requirements

The tree is planted outdoors, as it needs a lot of sunlight and heat. Even a little shading is not acceptable, since the crown of the tree is quite dense, which is why the lower shoots already suffer from a lack of light.

Soil Requirements

The variety loves fertile, good soil, so either immediately plant the seedling on a fertile substrate, or apply a sufficient amount of humus when planting, or. If the soil is poor, then you will have to apply annually a large number of fertilizers.
It is worth noting that the pear does not like stagnant water, so if you cannot improve the composition of the soil, then work on its structure: add sand or make a good drainage layer from expanded clay or small gravel.

Important! The soil should not be strongly acidic or alkaline, it is better to stick to a neutral option.

Pollination

Unfortunately, this variety is self-fertile, so it definitely needs other pollinating pears. The best are the following:, and "Bere Gardi".
It should be understood that self-infertile varieties for fruit set require obtaining from varieties that are not infertile. Even in the presence of insects, a tree will not produce a crop at all if there are no other trees suitable for pollination nearby.

Fruiting

"Williams Red" begins to bear fruit only at the 5th year of life. Before that, the tree may bloom, but there will be no ovaries.

Ripening period

For personal use, the fruits are removed in early September, since that is when biological maturity sets in, and the pears will not need to be ripened.
Removable maturity occurs at the end of August, while the products require ripening for about 16-18 days.

yield

The average yield is 10-12 tons per hectare, provided that the tree receives fertilizer, water and sunlight in sufficient quantity.

When compared with the pure variety "Williams", the mutant gives less production.

Transportability and storage

When stored in a cool, well-ventilated store, pears will last about 2-2.5 months. When frozen, the shelf life is at least 1 year.
Transportability is average. If harvested fruits are transported, the products receive minimal damage. If the pears are fully ripe, then transporting over long distances is not cost-effective due to losses.

Disease and pest resistance

The variety has an average resistance to scab, that is, it is affected only if the growing conditions are not satisfactory. It should be said that "Williams Red" is vulnerable to such: cytosporosis, fruit rot, root cancer.

It is possible to cure absolutely all diseases except cancer. This disease is not treated and requires the destruction of the affected wood, as well as disinfectionso that the "infection" does not spread to other plants.
That is, if all the roots are affected by cancer, then the tree is easier to uproot and burn. If a small part of the root system is affected, then it is removed, and healthy roots are treated with 1%.

Frost resistance is average, so in northern regions not recommended for cultivation. However, it is worth noting that the flowers have good frost resistance, so you do not risk losing the entire crop if the weather decides to make a "trick" at the end of spring.

"Williams" is quite deservedly popular in our country, and their description and varietal characteristics are of interest not only to amateur gardeners, but also to small horticultural companies growing this crop for the purpose of further processing or selling fruit products. Most often there are positive reviews about these varieties, so they are in demand in most regions of our country.

Description of the pear "Williams Rouge Delbara"

This variety in our country is better known under the names "Williams Red" or "Max Red Bartlet" and is zoned for cultivation in the North Caucasus region.
A plant of small plants, with a sparse, pyramidal, rather compact crown, the branches of which depart from the stem part at an angle of 35 °, after which they have an arcuate deviation towards the ground. The trunk is covered with fissured bark. The main branches have a smooth, light gray, coating. The variety "Williams rouge delbara" is characterized by average indicators of crown foliage.

The shoots are straight-growing, articulated, medium both in length and thickness, having a brownish-green color with a burgundy hue with sunny side. At the stage of full maturation, the bark on the shoots acquires a pronounced brown coloration with small elongated lenticels. The indicators of shoot-forming ability are quite average. Foliage is medium sized, dark green, with shiny surface, oblong-ovoid in shape. The edge of the leaf plates is raised up, has a straight central vein. The apical part of annual shoots is characterized by the presence of burgundy-red, with pubescence, foliage and bark. Flowering is relatively late, but the flowers are sufficiently resistant to low temperatures.

Pear Williams: cultivation (video)

The fruits are quite large, pear-shaped, with a slight tubercle on the surface. Characteristic is the presence of a thin, very delicate and shiny skin, covered with a blush of maroon color. At the stage of full ripening, the fruits acquire a bright red color. On the entire surface of the fetus there are clearly visible, small sizes, yellow or yellowish-pink coloration, numerous subcutaneous points.

Pear pulp is yellowish-white in color, tender and juicy, melting in the mouth texture, sweet and sour taste with a nutmeg aftertaste. It is recommended to collect fruits at the stage of removable maturity, in the last decade of summer. Before the onset of full consumer maturity, about two to three weeks pass. Subject to optimal conditions storage, the fruits are perfectly preserved until the last decade of autumn.

When grown in home gardening, it is very important to supplement the plantings
”, “Bere Giffard”, “Bere Gardy”, or “Olivier de Serre”. This variety is distinguished by the exactingness of high agricultural technology., and is also characterized by responsiveness to timely feeding organic fertilizers, has average indicators of winter hardiness and drought resistance. Due to the weak growth and precocity, the variety belongs to the category of promising pears for use in intensive home gardening.

Pear variety "Williams Winter"

Pear "Williams Winter" is also known as an early winter triploid Cure variety. or Curé of unknown origin. In our country, a pear of this variety is often called “Large Winter”, “Pastor”, “Plebanovka” or “Popskaya”. The plant is vigorous and very long-lived, with a well-leafy and dense, broad-pyramidal crown. High yields often provoke the formation of a drooping crown with lowered shoots.

The main shoots depart from the stem part at an angle of 50 o. Shtamb and skeletal branches covered with gray fissured bark. The plant bears fruit on three-year-old wood and fruits. Elbow type, long and not too thick shoots, covered with light brown bark. The foliage is dark green, not large, wide ovate-rounded. The edge of the leaves is raised, and the tips are bent down. The edges of the leaves with fine and sharp serrate. Leaf plates are smooth, glossy, rather thick and leathery. The leaves are located on medium-sized and thin petioles.

How to plant a pear (video)

The fruits are quite large, weighing up to 235-255 g, with a slight asymmetry of an elongated pear shape. Covered with smooth, matte, fairly thick and dense. At the stage of removal, the main color of the fetus is light green. When fully ripe, the fruits are whitish-lemon-yellow in color with a pinkish blush. Small and numerous subcutaneous dots are clearly visible. A characteristic varietal trait is the presence of a rusty-brown stripe running along the entire length of the fruit. White, with a yellowish or creamy tint, the pulp has a fine-grained texture, medium in density, tender and semi-melting, with medium juiciness and an unexpressed nutmeg aroma. The pulp is characterized by astringency and the presence of stony cells around the seeds.

With unfavorable weather conditions taste qualities may be herbaceous. Harvest is used fresh, but is also suitable for processing. The low calorie content of fruits allows them to be used in dietary nutrition.

Variety "Williams summer"

This variety is known to many domestic amateur gardeners under such names as "Duchess Summer", "Bon Chretien Williams" or "Bartlett". Variety "Williams Summer" is widespread in the territory southern regions our country and quite deservedly belongs to the category of world standards, being a varietal standard. According to experienced amateur gardeners, this dessert variety is perfect not only for industrial use, but also very promising for cultivation in amateur and home gardening.

A plant of medium vigor, with a wide and pyramidal crown, with broad foliage and asymmetry. and the main skeletal branches are covered with gray and smooth bark. On thick, upright or arcuate shoots, there is a large, ovoid, short-pointed, smooth and shiny foliage. Flowering is long, late dates , resistant to not too favorable weather factors. The fruits are most often large in size, weighing in the range of 165-175 g. The fruits are distinguished by an oblong pear-shaped shape and have a slight tuberosity on the surface.

The flesh is covered with fragrant, thin, glossy, light green or yellowish skin with medium-sized grayish dots. Rarely there are rust spots and not too pronounced blush on the fruits. Yellowish-white color, tender and melting, very juicy, wine-sweet taste, the pulp has a peculiar nutmeg aroma and dessert taste. The variety belongs to the category of self-infertile, therefore, to increase the pollination rates, it is recommended to plant "Klapp's Favorite" and " forest beauty or Olivier de Serre. The best graft is quince, on which fruiting occurs already in the third or fourth year.

Pear: variety selection (video)

It is important to note that all varieties of Williams pear have sufficient, but not the highest, winter hardiness and drought resistance. The advantages include the absence of exactingness to soil conditions. However, in order to obtain a stable and maximum high yield highly marketable and tasty fruits, it is recommended to allocate for cultivation fruit crop fertile, well-drained soils.