We take care of the garden lily correctly: tips and tricks. Features of growing lilies in the northern regions of Russia. Preparation of soil and bulbs, rules for planting lilies

The most famous flower growers and simple lovers have created amazing varieties for planting, growing lilies in the open field. These flowers have delighted us with their beauty for several hundred years. They look so aristocratic, proud and gentle that they are, not without reason, a symbol of kings and an attribute of heaven, divinity.

At the same time, remember that species varieties are difficult to cultivate, and some of them are simply impossible for non-professionals.

But varietal, or as they are also called, hybrid lilies, are successfully grown even by novice flower growers in summer cottages, in a flower garden in the garden near the house.

True, for long and persistent growth, flowering, you need to know the basics of agricultural technology, the secrets of which we will now tell. Considering all preferences garden plant(Lílium), can be obtained beautiful flower beds and successfully propagate the flower, both for themselves and for sale.

Growing lilies outdoors

These flowers are quite demanding. Therefore, if you want to grow them in your summer cottage flower garden, in the garden near the house, then be patient and knowledgeable.
But in general, even beginners grow up chic flowering plants. Checked on myself. At the same time, I repeat, quality is very important. planting material.
I bought lilies from a local nursery, where the plants are acclimatized, ideally suited to the landing site (admin note).

How to choose bulbs

Do not chase bright bags and marketing promises. It is better to visit the company store of the regional nursery, the exhibition of the breeders' fair.

It is better not to take small bulbs up to 7 cm when you want to see fast flowering. If you buy in the spring (April May) with roots, then the roots should be elastic and 5 cm long. And after distillation, the material is not considered to be of high quality, such bulbs are taken if only a very variety is needed.
If you buy lilies out of season, store them properly. Place moss, peat or wet sawdust in a bag, wrap it up and send it to the side shelf in the refrigerator. Poke holes in the bag for ventilation.
Before planting, if the scales are dry, then wrap for a couple of hours in a clean cloth soaked in a solution of a weak (pink) solution of potassium permanganate.

Choosing a place to grow
Flowers do not tolerate drafts and marshy soil, but they require fresh air and good watering.

Separately, it must be said about the lighting.

Some types of flowers like well-lit places or a little partial shade. Others prefer very sunny places and, as it were, gain strength in a flower from the sun. And there are those who enjoy dark places and indirect sunlight.
It is better to grow lilies in the country in groups of varieties, which will make the flower bed even more beautiful, and will ensure proper, individual care. Positive impressions and delight are provided for both you and guests, neighbors.

Before planting lilies, it is necessary to prepare the soil very responsibly and carefully choose a place.

Sandy, dry and clay soil is unsuitable for them. Flowers prefer slightly acidic soil, but this can also vary by variety.
If you are planting bulb lilies in the garden, you will need very well-drained soils. Since these plants do not tolerate standing water for a long time, from excess moisture in the root system they quickly begin to rot and decompose.
Raise the flower bed, make an additional mound, arrange and make a slight slope from the edge of the flower bed so that during the rainy season and after watering excess water could leave.
In addition, you should not choose a place near trees or shrubs, because often the soil near them is too dry.

It is better to fertilize the site with vegetable humus, humus (it is very good to use a peat mixture).
Check if there are mole and mouse holes in the territory of the proposed flower garden.
It is important that young growing bulbs be isolated from animal movement areas to prevent possible damage before they have a chance to develop to full growth.

Planting lilies in spring and autumn in the ground

It is necessary to make drainage - dig the ground to a depth of 30 cm. The soil should be loose, the person with whom you will cover the hole.

The planting depth of lily bulbs is approximately 15 - 17 cm (height of 3 bulb heads). The distance between them is made from 15 cm for undersized, and for medium and large, blooming profusely from 22 to 35 centimeters

You can put old, well-rotted manure and sand in the hole, then the hole is spilled with water (it can be warm), when the water is completely gone, the bulbs are placed sprinkled with ash from charcoal and covered with peat and loose (sifted mixture of fertile soil).
With a deep planting like ours, the flower will bloom later, but will give more babies. Follow the recommendations for the variety.
Then moisten the landing site (lightly water from a watering can), in no case fill it with water.
The distance between them is made from 15 cm for undersized, and for medium and large, abundantly blooming from 20 to 35 centimeters.

When is the best time to plant lilies

Landing in the spring (in May for central Russia) is best period for breeding and creating flower beds with these magnificent flowers. But it all depends on the type of plant.
So, for example, July - August is considered the best time for transplanting a Candidum lily. A transplant of an Asian variety is possible even during its flowering period.

In general, it must be remembered that transplantation is carried out no more than once every 3-5 years.
Before this, it is necessary to cut the flower stem almost to the very soil, then carefully dig it out, rinse it in cool water. Cut the bulb into 2 parts and place it for about 30 minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate (fungicide or karbofos), and then immediately plant it in the prepared soil. Do not change the location of the flower bed too often.

Features of autumn planting

If you decide to plant lilies with scales of bulbs in the fall, then best time for this - September. The latest time for planting planting material is no later than mid-October. The time limit for planting autumns is provided so that the bulbs have enough time to root before the onset of cold weather.

Lily care in the garden

Caring for these magnificent flowers is easier than preparing for planting.

It is important to water properly.

Water them in the morning or afternoon (but not in the sun), moderately, especially in summer. At the time they bloom they demand less water than during the development of the stem with foliage and ovaries of buds.

Top dressing.

Fertilizers in the spring are especially important before the appearance of sprouts, the first shoots and during the growth of buds.
Use 1 scoop of ammonium nitrate per 1 square meter loosened earth. Also in the spring, lilies are fertilized with the help of Nitroammofoski, from diluted old manure. Sprinkle the place around the flowers with ashes, but better. You will have both top dressing and pest control.
In summer, double superphosphate and potassium magnesia are used as fertilizer. Repeat watering with ash.
In the fall, feed with a solution of phosphorus fertilizers. For treatment, pest prevention, use phytosporin.

Weed and pest control.

You can apply thin layer mulch to reduce the growth of weeds and pests that attack the garden, which can be treated as a treat bulbs.
Periodically, you need to weed the ground around the plants, but very carefully so as not to damage.

How to care for lilies in spring

in the garden comes down to:
it is necessary to clear the ground cover from foliage, grass, covering material. Then the soil is loosened gently, fertilized. When the sprouts hatch, they are watered with organic, nitrogen fertilizers or add nitroamophoska. Then once again they easily loosen and spud to a small height.

Top dressing is usually done a couple of times when shoots have not yet formed. During the ovary of buds, when watering, or simply in bulk, charcoal ash is added. Plus, phosphorus and potash fertilizers can be used as top dressing.

It is important to take preventive measures to healthy growth and flowering plants.

We have important information, an article with a photo about - lily diseases and how to deal with pests.

Summer pruning.

All varieties tolerate cold well, but prepare them for winter season nevertheless necessary.
To do this, insulate the soil with chopped dry leaves with grass and ash. Good to use as mulch and sawdust cover. You can also cover with a film so that the tubers are not flooded with moisture during rains and snow melting.

How to propagate garden lilies

Many people are concerned about the issue of reproduction of these flowers in the country.
There are quite a few ways:

dividing bulbs,
seed way,
dividing the scales of the bulbs,
stem cuttings,
and some varieties even propagate by leaf cuttings.

Seed making is the simplest.

In early spring, we sow the seeds, both for seedlings at home, and under a protective film (greenhouse). Then you need to carefully thin out the shoots, this will prevent damage to the roots from accumulated moisture in a dense planting. At the same time, add loose earth to the places of weeding and fertilize the remaining flowers.

Shoots can be separated and used for plant propagation. If the lilies are already three years old, then you can easily plant them in August, early September by division.

But the onion division is most often used.

After 3 years of growth of the main flower, shoots are separated from it, with newly formed bulbs, planted in scales or whole bulbs in prepared soil.

The flower bed, in which wonderful lily flowers grow, is distinguished by its beauty and exoticism. Therefore, be sure to grow them in the country, in your front garden, making the design of the porch of a private house even more beautiful!

Instruction

Find appropriate place in your garden. Plant near drainage system. It is necessary that the landing site does not accumulate water after rains. If you cannot find such a place, plant lilies on a small hill or on a slope. Also make sure that the chosen place is as much as possible illuminated by sunlight. It should be exposed to direct sunlight for at least half daylight hours.

Try to plant the bulbs of the line as soon as possible. If you are unable to plant lilies immediately after purchasing them, keep them in a dark, cool place, such as a refrigerator at above freezing temperatures. This is necessary to prevent their premature germination. Lilies can be or at the beginning of winter, in the spring they will already bloom. You can also plant them in early spring, in which case they will begin to bloom by the end of summer, but they will bloom in full force in a year.

It is necessary to plant at a depth of about 15 cm. This will protect them from overheating in the sun, provide coolness, and also create conditions for the formation of a strong root system. Lilies can also be planted on the surface of the earth, covering them with a 15-centimeter layer of earth. Do not plant lilies too close to each other, the distance between them should be at least 15 cm. Having dug a recess of the required depth, cover its bottom with phosphate fertilizer, then plant the bulb and cover it with earth. The planted lily must be watered immediately. If it's cool outside, you can put a layer of mulch on top.

Lilies do not require special care. As soon as you see the first shoots, add some nitrogen fertilizer. But do not overdo it, the stems of the plant can weaken from excess nutrients. In addition, with high humidity and extreme heat, excess nitrogen can lead to rotting of the bulb. Add fertilizer again after about a month.

Plants from 20 cm to 1.5-2 m tall with linear or lanceolate leaves arranged alternately or whorled. The stem and leaves of some varieties and species are pubescent. The color of the stem varies from bright green to brownish, sometimes even with a purple tint.

There are bulbous varieties and types of lilies: in the axil of their leaves, buds (bulbs) are formed - special organs vegetative propagation. Flowers solitary or from 2 to 40 flowers are collected at the top of the stem in panicle-, cyste-, umbrella- or corymbose inflorescences. A flower with a simple perianth of 6 free lobes. The lobes are straight or curved backwards with a nectar gland at the base of each lobe.

There are several forms of the structure of a lily flower: funnel-shaped (or cup-shaped), turban-shaped, tubular, cup-shaped and bell-shaped.

The flower is especially decorative due to six strongly protruding stamens with elongated, brightly colored anthers, which sway freely on long thin bases. Flower size, shape and color vary, and many flowers are fragrant.

Fetus- a box divided by partitions into 3 nests.

underground part plants consists of a bulb and a two-tiered or single-tiered root system. Each bulb is a shortened perennial shoot, consisting of a stem part, degenerated into a bulbous bottom, and leaves modified into juicy bulbous scales. In the scales during the growing season, a supply of nutrients is deposited. Adventitious roots depart from the donets. Bulb - an organ of vegetative renewal and reproduction of a plant, storage of nutrients. The root system is represented by adventitious roots - bulbous, growing from the bottom of the bulb, and supra-bulbous (stem), forming the underground part of the stem. Plants with different periods of flowering, with flowers with a diameter of 2.5 to 30 cm of any color and shade, except for blue. And hybrid varieties possess not only outstanding decorative qualities - they are hardy and have an increased resistance to diseases.

Garden classification of hybrid lilies based on common biological features and origins.

In accordance with international classification all hybrid lilies are grouped into 9 sections: (1) Asiatic hybrids; (2) Martagon hybrids; (3) Candidum hybrids; (4) American hybrids; (5) Long-flowered hybrids; (6) Tubular hybrids; (7) Oriental hybrids; (8) all other hybrids; (9) Species lilies.

Asian hybrids make up the most numerous section of lilies, it presents the largest number modern varieties of lilies.

This section combines varieties that differ in flower shape, color, plant height. Within the section, depending on the direction of the flower in relation to the stem, three subsections are distinguished:

* varieties with upward-pointing flowers,

* varieties with downward-pointing flowers,

* varieties with flowers directed to the sides.

According to the height of the plant, Asian hybrids are divided into undersized (up to 50 cm), medium-sized (up to 100 cm) and tall (100-150 cm).

This section presents the chalmoid, tubular and cup-shaped form of the flower. The largest flowers, depending on the variety, reach 12 cm in diameter.

Asian hybrids characterized by increased frost resistance when grown outdoors. The flowering time of varieties of this group of hybrids is, depending on the variety, in the range from late June to early August.

Hybrids Martagon are, of course, not as extensive a section as Asian hybrids, but their varieties are no less decorative and loved by flower growers. The flowers of the varieties of this section are only turban-shaped and of various colors.

Distinctive feature flowers is their mottling, that is, the presence of small spots on the petals. Flowers with a diameter of up to 7-9 cm form powerful inflorescences at the top of the peduncle, the number of flowers can reach up to 20-25 pieces. Plant height 130-180 cm. Flowering different varieties falls on the period from mid-June to the third decade of July.

Martagon hybrids are not particularly winter hardy when grown outdoors and require shelter. You should especially be wary of late May frosts, when the shelter has already been removed and the bulbs may freeze.

Hybrids Candidum are an even smaller section compared even with Martagon hybrids.

The flowers of the varieties of this section are only tubular in shape with the tips of the petals bent back, which gives the flower a slight elegant look. The flowers are large, up to 12 cm in diameter, form an inflorescence, in which there can be up to 8-10 flowers. Flowering of different varieties falls on the period from mid-June to mid-July. Bulbs should not be buried when planting.

American hybrids belong to the rhizomatous type of lilies. The varieties of this section are characterized by tall plants that can reach 200 cm in height.

The flowers are predominantly turban-shaped, large, up to 10-12 cm in diameter, collected in a pyramidal inflorescence. In the inflorescence, the flowers are arranged obliquely downwards and their number can reach 15-20 pieces. Flowering time is in July, with the onset of cold weather, shelter is required. Small varietal section of lilies.

Long-flowered hybrids- very tender plants and in the conditions of our climate are practically not grown in open ground.

However, under the conditions closed ground varieties of long-flowered hybrids give a cut highest quality and extraordinary decoration. The narrow and elongated flowers are very elegant and look great as a center in various flower arrangements. This section of lilies is also called, after the French model, "Longiflo-rum" hybrids. There are few varieties in this section.

tubular hybrids after Asian hybrids, they are the most extensive section in terms of the number and variety of varieties presented.

Depending on the shape of the flowers and their location on the peduncle, four subsections are distinguished within the Tubular hybrids section:

* turban-shaped flowers (drooping),

* Cup-shaped flowers

* tubular flowers,

* Star-shaped (flat) flowers.

The flowers of varieties of tubular hybrids are large, elongated, up to 20 cm in length. coloring flowers different varieties very diverse, the color range covers the spectrum from bright reds and raspberries to delicate pastels and whites. Flowers of most varieties have a strong pleasant aroma. Flowers various shapes collected in an inflorescence at the top of the peduncle, there may be 10-15 in an inflorescence, and in some varieties up to 20 flowers. Plants are usually tall, from 120 to 200 cm. Flowering of various varieties of tubular hybrids occurs from mid-July to mid-August. Plants are quite hardy and hardy, so most varieties can be grown outdoors in the climatic conditions of the middle zone.

Breeding, growing conditions and care

Usually lilies are grown in one place without transplantation for 3-5 years. During this time, they form nests from bulbs of different ages and sizes. If lilies in younger plantings get sick, they must be dug up and transplanted to another place, without adhering to such a long digging frequency. It should also be taken into account that fast-growing lilies of Asian hybrids are transplanted more often, once every 3 years, and slow-growing lilies of Martagon and Tubular hybrids less often.

The time of transplanting to a new place should coincide with the end of the growing season, when the lily bulbs get stronger after flowering, which in middle lane Russia corresponds to the period from mid-September to early October. In everyday practical floriculture, methods of vegetative propagation of lilies are most often used.

Reproduction by bulbs

Due to the formation of several renewal buds by one bulb, 3-4 years after planting in Asiatic and 5-6 years in Tubular, a whole nest of bulbs is formed in its place. Daughter bulbs with an independent root system are separated and planted as independent plants in mid-August. These dates can be shifted to the end of the month or even to September. They are determined primarily by the condition of the bulbs. After the flowering of lilies, the bulbs are very depleted, lose weight, become loose, the scales become thinner, bind. It should take 1 - 1.5 months after flowering for the bulb to gain strength - to become large, dense and elastic. This process is influenced by all factors: heat, the presence of moisture, as well as nutrition. Under favorable conditions, in early August, they begin to transplant lilies of the June flowering time (mainly Asian hybrids).

Lily stems should be cut off, leaving a stump, if at the time of division they are green, without signs of disease. If the stems have died, which indicates the presence of fungal diseases, then after digging the bulbs, you should carefully unscrew them.

Bulb nests should be dug out without cutting off the roots, then shake off the ground from them and inspect. Nests usually fall apart, but sometimes they have to be divided with effort. This is done by hand, without the use of tools, after cutting the stems. Scales with rusty or brown spots must be removed and destroyed. The roots must be cut to 15 cm, dead cut completely. Clean bulbs with roots are treated by pickling for 20-30 minutes in a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate. The separated bulbs are planted in the ground prepared in advance, which must be watered in dry weather on the eve of planting.

Lily bulb nest division

In a lily, with a long development of a plant in one place without a transplant, a nest of bulbs is formed, in which there may be several well-developed large bulbs. Such nests must be divided and the bulbs planted one at a time. This provides the best nutrition for each bulb, gives it the opportunity to form strong plant With good flowering. To do this, they dig out the nest, cut the stems and break the nest with their hands, separating the bulbs, often well-ripened bulbs in the nest decay themselves.

1. After dividing the nest, the bulbs are processed and planted in a new place.

2. Large bulbs with well-developed fleshy outer scales can be set aside to separate the scales for reproduction.

3. There may be bulbs of different sizes in the nest, they should be sorted, the depth of their planting and the distance between plants depend on this

Low-growing lilies are planted at a depth of 10-12 cm for large bulbs and 7-8 cm for small ones, medium-sized ones - 12-15 and 8-10 cm, respectively, tall ones - 15-20 and 10-12 cm (the depth is indicated to the bottom bulbs). Planting holes should be made 10 cm deeper, as lilies are transplanted with roots that must be carefully straightened by pouring clean river sand under the bottom of the bulb with a layer of 2-3 cm, and then covered with earth. Minimum distances between the bulbs during planting for these groups are respectively equal: for undersized lilies - 15-20 cm, for medium-sized ones - 20-25 cm, for tall ones - 25-30 cm.

Planting depth of lily bulbs

1. Babies, grown bulbs and onions developed on scales.

2. Bulbs of medium size. 3. Large bulbs

Planting depth of lily bulbs, cm

Reproduction by children formed on the underground part of the stem. Children are separated from mother plant when transplanting or after raking the earth from the stem. The separation and disembarkation of children for rearing is carried out in August.

Reproduction by bulbs. A number of so-called varieties of lilies have the ability to form small stem buds - bulbs in the axils of the leaves. On one shoot they can develop up to 150-180 pieces. Bulb-bearing varieties differ in the time of formation of bulbs (before, during and after flowering), their number, size and color (from light green to dark brown). An increase in bulbousness and the formation of larger bulbs is facilitated by the removal of buds and increased air humidity. Often, buds and bulbs that have not yet been separated from the shoots form roots, and sometimes 1-2 leaves. In late summer - early autumn, the bulbs begin to easily separate from the stem. At this point, they must be collected for subsequent cultivation and in order not to clog the plantings. The collected bulbs must be treated with a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate, keeping in the solution for 20 minutes. Then the collected bulbs are planted for growing in grooves 2-3 cm deep with a distance between rows of 15-20 cm, between bulbs in a row - 5-6 cm.

For the winter, planting bulbs are covered on frozen soil with a layer of 10-15 cm of woody leaves, sawdust or peat. The grown bulbs can be planted in the ground in a permanent place after 1-2 years.

Reproduction by bulbous scales. This method, which gives big number planting material (up to 150 or more from one bulb), suitable for all types, hybrids and varieties of lilies. It is based on the ability of scales separated from the bulb to form small bulbs. Scale terms for various kinds lilies are different. The best time for a number of varieties from the Asian hybrids group and for royal lilies (regala) is spring, for Tubular hybrids - the flowering phase.

Reproduction of lilies by bulbous scales

1. Scales are most often carried out simultaneously with the transplantation of bulbs. The bulb should be dug up and the well-developed external large fleshy scales should be carefully separated. Up to 2/3 of the scale can be removed from a large bulb, while it will continue to grow,

2. The removed scales should be washed, treated with a solution of potassium permanganate, dried and stored first in a warm, then in a cool place. Tiny onions form on the scales, which will gradually grow and develop. root system, in the spring they can be planted in the soil

When lilies are scaled at the optimal time for them, young bulbs are formed earlier and in large numbers. Lilies can be propagated in this way at any time of the year. Best result obtained when used for reproduction of the outer, largest and fleshy scales. The scales should be white, healthy, without spots. To remove the scales, the bulbs are either dug up (therefore, scaling is often carried out in August, combining it with lily transplantation), or the earth is raked from them, but without disturbing the growth of plants, in this way scaling is carried out in May. Up to 1/2 or up to 2/3 of all scales are removed from the bulb. At the same time, the mother bulb continues to grow and develop normally, the quality of its flowering almost does not decrease. The removed scales are washed and treated with a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate. After that, you need to dry them, put them in a clean plastic bag, tie it up and place it in a dark place, where to keep it for about 1.5 months at room temperature(22-24 °C). Then it is advisable to place the bags for a month in a cooler place where the temperature does not exceed 17-18 ° C. Before planting, they must be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-4 ° C. During this period, bulbs form on the scales. different size, at best - up to 1 cm in diameter. Depending on the season, they are planted in boxes, in greenhouses, in greenhouses or open ground ridges. The choice of a site for growing lilies must be carried out carefully. All lilies require protection from strong wind but stagnation humid air, leading to the defeat of plants with gray rot, is very dangerous, so the site must be not only well protected from the winds, but also sufficiently ventilated.

Regardless of whether lily planting is carried out in spring or autumn, the features of the entire complex agrotechnical measures(selection of a place, soil preparation, planting, care, warming for the winter) depend primarily on the belonging of lilies to one or another section: different groups of lilies have different requirements for growing conditions. So, Asian hybrids prefer slightly acidic soils and light shade, although they grow well in open sunny places. Tubular hybrids grow best on neutral and slightly alkaline soils, in open sunny areas. Lily Martagon and Eastern hybrids require placement in partial shade. Lilies need loose, permeable nutrient soil, clean of rhizomatous weeds. Clay, water-resistant and sandy low-moisture soils are not suitable for lilies. The area where the lilies are planned to be planted should not be flooded with water, because the bulbs can easily rot and die from stagnant water. Since many lilies belong to forest plants, fertile soils with a large humus layer, emerging from under a deciduous forest, are suitable for them.

Since lilies are planted for a long time (Asian hybrids for 3-4 years, Tubular - for 6-8 years), soil preparation plays a role important role in their culture. Up to 10 kg of humus, up to 20-50 g of bone meal, 15-20 g of urea, 30-50 g of simple or 20-25 g of double superphosphate, 15-30 g of potassium sulfate are added for digging (per 1 m2). Under Asian hybrids, peat is applied, for Tubular soils, they are limed by adding lime under the previous crop or in the spring. Soil cultivation is carried out to a depth of 35-40 cm.

Planting depth for lilies that form only bulbous roots should not exceed 2-3 cm, counting from the top of the bulb; for forming supra-bulbous (stem) roots - 3 bulb heights. Planting depth is reduced for young bulbs, as well as on heavy soils.

planting lilies

Lily bulbs can be planted in a basket that will protect them from moles and field mice. To do this, dig a hole large enough to accommodate a basket in it, lay on the bottom drainage layer at least 10 cm thick, fill the basket with soil and plant the bulb in it, to the depth provided for by its size. After that, place the basket in the hole, fill it with soil and compact it around the basket.

Insufficiently winter-hardy and more powerful tubular hybrids are planted to a depth of 15-20 cm. When transplanting, the bulbs and their roots should not be allowed to dry out, this negatively affects the survival rate, overwintering and further growth of plants. The bulbs are planted in a layer of sand (3-4 cm) poured onto the bottom of the hole, which protects the bottom of the bulbs from decay. After planting, the soil is abundantly watered and mulched.

Landing care routine: weeding, watering, loosening and top dressing. For the winter, areas with tubular hybrids and small bulbs are covered over frozen soil with a layer of 15-20 cm of mulching material. In the spring, before the shoots appear, the plants are fed with ammonium nitrate (30-40 g/m2), and after the shoots appear, with a complete mineral fertilizer at a dose of 40-60 g/m2; the same top dressing is given during the budding period and 1-2 weeks after cutting.

Due to the fact that the supra-bulbous roots of lilies are located in top layer soil, its drying and overheating adversely affect the development of plants. To avoid drying and overheating of the supra-bulbous roots, the soil is mulched with organic materials or peat with a layer of 3-4 cm. It is watered under the root, since moistening the leaves contributes to the development of gray rot. For the formation of larger bulbs, when grown on planting material, the resulting buds are removed from plants. Lily flowers are cut early in the morning or late in the evening, and in cool, cloudy weather - at any time. For the normal development of the bulb, when cutting the inflorescences on the plant, leave at least 1/3 of the length of the stem.

Diseases and pests

The most common fungal diseases are: gray rot(botrytis), Fusarium bulb rot, are less common, but the most dangerous viral diseases. Of the pests, the most dangerous are onion mites, onion hoverflies, and aphids in the greenhouse.

Lily (lat. Lilium)- a genus of plants of the Liliaceae family, which is perennial herbs growing from bulbs. There are about 80 species of lilies in nature, which in culture gave life to many varieties and hybrids. Lilies grow in Asia, Europe and North America. It is claimed that in the ancient Gaulish "li-li" means "white-white", and although species with both pinkish and yellowish flowers are found in nature, the flower got its name, most likely, from the species known as "white lily". Many legends are associated with the lily: the ancient Greeks said that the white flowers of the lily are drops of milk from Hera, the wife of Zeus; the Jewish legend tells that of all the flowers of paradise after the fall of Eve, only the lily preserved purity and purity; in Christian culture White Lily- a symbol of the Mother of God.

Very often the lily flower is used in heraldry. Poets and writers also did not bypass this flower with their attention. But in addition to beauty, the lily also has unique healing properties: the ancient Roman military doctor Dioscorides in his treatise “On Medicines” told his contemporaries and descendants that white and forest lilies heal wounds, treat bruises, burns and abrasions, help in the treatment of heart disease and relieve toothache.

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Planting and caring for lilies (in a nutshell)

Landing: early autumn (late September or early October). Snow-white lily is planted in August. In spring, only late-flowering species and varieties can be planted.
Bloom: summer and autumn.
Digging: before boarding.
Storage: bulbs dug out in autumn are stored in a moderately dry, well-ventilated room at a low positive temperature.
Lighting: depending on the type - bright sunlight or penumbra.
The soil: loose, fertile, well hydrated and drained.
Watering: moderate and regular, in the first half of summer and after flowering - plentiful.
Top dressing: three times per season: 1st - in the snow, even before the shoots appear, 2nd - during the budding period, 3rd - after flowering.
Reproduction: usually vegetatively: division of nests, scales, bulbs, stem, and sometimes leaf cuttings. Possible seed reproduction.
Pests: lily beetles and their larvae, lily flies, spider mites, thrips, wireworms, beetles, bears and rodents.
Diseases: onion rot (fusarium), wet (or bacterial) rot, brown spot, gray rot, cercosporosis, anthracnose, rhizoctonia, phytium, blue mold, penicillosis, rust, virus mosaic (cucumber and tobacco), variegation of tulips, rosette.

Lily flower - description

The lily plant is a bulbous perennial. Bulbs can be tiny in size - 1 cm in diameter, and can be more than large - up to 30 cm in diameter. They are spherical or ovoid in shape, the scales are attached to the bottom, where the root growth point is located, on the opposite side of the bottom, the scales do not close, so the lily bulbs look loose. The stem of lilies is straight, leafy, slightly branched at the top, depending on the species and variety, from 15 to 250 cm. In some species, lily leaves are wrapped in a spiral on the stem, while in other species they create a basal rosette.

Lily flowers are collected in inflorescences of a cylindrical, cone-shaped or umbrella shape of 8-16 flowers, but in some varieties there are up to 30 flowers in an inflorescence, which bloom gradually from the lower to the upper ones. Flowers live from 3 to 9 days. In the center of the flower there are a pistil and 6 stamens with large anthers, around which there are 6 petals (more in terry varieties). The shapes of the flowers are varied - star-shaped, turban-shaped, funnel-shaped, tubular, flat, cup-shaped, bell-shaped ... Often the size of the flower also depends on the shape: turban-shaped lilies reach a diameter of 5-10 cm and are very similar to Chinese lanterns; funnel-shaped flowers are only 4 cm in diameter, while they are 15 cm long; flat-shaped flowers are up to 25 cm in diameter!

The color of the petals is also striking in variety: snow-white, orange, apricot, pale pink, bright scarlet, dark purple, two-tone, with overflow, with spots, strokes or a border ... there are no only blue lilies.

The fruits of lilies are long boxes that ripen by October-November, in which there are flat seeds.

Growing lilies in the garden

How to grow lilies

Since the lily grows in one place for several years and does not like transplants, you need to choose a place where the lilies will comfortably grow and bloom - a sunny area, protected from the wind. Lilies are very demanding on the soil: the soil must be loose, fertile and with good drainage. As for the acid-base balance, different lilies prefer a different composition. American hybrids for example, they like acidic soil, and tubular- alkaline. All other species and varieties grow well in neutral soil. Approximately 2-3 weeks before the start landing work dig up the soil with ashes (only if you are not going to plant oriental hybrids - they love acidic soil), peat and humus, adding a little mineral fertilizer. Then level the area, lightly tamp and water.

lily bulbs

Before purchasing bulbs, try to find out more precisely what type of lilies they belong to, because the features of their agricultural technology depend on this. When buying, try to choose bulbs that are juicy, healthy and fleshy, with not overdried scales and an intact bottom. Pay attention to the length of the roots - they should be no shorter than 5 cm. If you purchased the bulbs in the fall, then until mid-October, when you have to plant them, keep them in damp moss, sand or sawdust in a dark room with good ventilation or store them directly in the factory packaging in the vegetable drawer of the refrigerator.

Before planting, the bulbs are cleaned of rusty scales with brown spots, rotten or suspicious places and wilted or too long roots are cut out, then they are kept for half an hour in a 0.2% solution of foundationazole or in the Maxim preparation.

planting lilies

When to plant lilies

You can plant lilies in spring and autumn. You can plant lilies even in summer. Spring planting of lilies avoids the risk of soaking and freezing of bulbs in open ground. In the spring, the roots grow better, so the survival rate of plants is higher, this is especially important for late-blooming lilies, such as, for example, oriental hybrids. In March, you can plant Tibetan and tiger lilies, as well as other varieties, blooming in autumn. Oriental, Asian and tubular hybrids are planted as soon as the snow melts. Terry lilies are also best planted in spring at a temperature of 11 ºC.

As a preventive measure, it is necessary to burn all the plant remains of lilies (stems, leaves) annually, and also to divide and plant nests of bulbs at least once every three years so that the plantings do not thicken. Also, mulch the soil between the lilies to keep weeds out.

Lilies after flowering

When the lilies bloom do not rush to cut flower stalks, but it is advisable to remove the seed pods if you do not need seeds, and the leaves and stems will “work” until the very withering, delivering nutrients to the bulbs for the growth and flowering of the lily next year. In autumn, the peduncle can be cut, but not low (10-15 cm from the surface) and obliquely.

Continue watering, if necessary, until the time comes for dividing and transplanting lily bulbs.

After transplanting the bulbs and the end of the heavy autumn rains, it will be enough to mulch the frost-resistant lilies with peat or coniferous shavings, and it would be nice to wrap capricious oriental hybrids with spruce branches, and cover more over the insulation plastic wrap. In the spring, the film and spruce branches will need to be removed so that it does not damage the sprouted sprouts, and let the peat and sawdust remain as mulch.

Storing lily bulbs

It is undesirable to leave some varieties of lilies in the ground until spring, especially if winters are frosty and snowless. So, bulbs of oriental hybrids, Candidum varieties or royal lilies are required to be extracted from the soil.

The place of storage of lilies must meet the following requirements:

be not too dry so that the bulbs do not wrinkle during the winter;
be not too wet so that the bulbs do not mold or germinate ahead of time;
the temperature should be moderate (not minus);
good ventilation is required.

Lily bulbs purchased or removed from the ground should be slightly dried and cleaned from the ground. Peat is poured into a wooden box, cardboard box or bag, bulbs are placed in it, which are then again sprinkled with peat, on which a layer of bulbs is again placed. When the box is two-thirds full, it is put into storage in the refrigerator, in the basement or on the loggia. But do not forget to check from time to time what condition the bulbs are in: if the roots are dry, sprinkle the peat with water, if, on the contrary, mold has appeared in some places, wipe the bulbs with a concentrated solution of potassium permanganate.

Second storage method: Place bulbs in plastic bag with wet peat, then inflate it, tie it up and place it in a dark place at room temperature. After two or three months, the bulbs form babies. Without separating the children, transplant the bulbs into peat pots so that the tip of the scales is above the surface, and take them out to a cool, but frost-free basement. Two weeks before planting, bring them into the house and start watering.

Types and varieties of lilies

What lily?

There are a great many lilies in nature and culture, and all of them are of interest to flower growers. We offer you a classification of lilies according to the latest edition of the International Lily Registry, which describes more than 3,500 varieties.

Asiatic lily

The group under this name includes garden forms and hybrids of such lilies: tiger lily and David, drooping and pleasant lily, Maksimovich lily and dwarf, single-color and bulbous lily, spotted lily and Dutch lily. Asian lily and its varieties have small bulbs and white color. These lilies are hardy, winter-hardy, completely unpretentious to growing conditions, reproduce well with babies and scales, bloom earlier than other lilies at the end of June.

Among Asian hybrids there are dwarf varieties 20-40 cm in height, and there are also tall lilies up to one and a half meters tall. Some varieties form "bulbs" - air bulbs in the axils of the leaves, and for this they are called bulbous. The flowers are white, yellow, orange, cream shades, there are varieties of two- and three-color, as well as varieties of red, dark red and almost black. The lily flower is most often cup-shaped or turban-shaped, ranging in size from 8 to 20 cm, consisting of 6 petals, although there are several double varieties. Varieties of the Asian group:

lily Adeline- medium-sized yellow lilies, early variety, blooming profusely;
lily blazing dwarf- a dwarf variety that blooms early and profusely, can be grown even in pots;
lily Flora Plenot- terry lilies, orange flowers medium size, tall strong stem, blooms late.

In the photo: Asiatic Lily Adeline

In the photo: Asiatic Lily Flora Pleno

Martagon hybrids

Or curly hybrids, which include lilies derived from the curly lily (or martagon lily), Hanson's lily and two-row, Tsingtaunt lily and copperhead. There are only about a hundred varieties of this group, they are characteristic tall, turban-shaped drooping flowers of delicate shades different colors. Among the advantages of lilies of this group are frost resistance, unpretentiousness in the choice of soil and lighting, durability, high decorativeness, resistance to viruses and good resistance to all kinds of rot. But, unfortunately, martagon hybrids have not yet gained wide popularity in our region.

Varieties of martagon hybrids:

Lily Manitoba Fox- lily-tree 1.8-2.4 m high, multi-flowered lily with dark pink flowers with fawn and black and yellow specks;
Lily Martagon Album- tall, multi-flowered, snow-white turban-shaped flowers with yellow stamens. Up to 50 flowers bloom at a time;
lily R.O. Backhouse- pink lilies with a yellow tint, specks on them - dark pink.

In the photo: Lilia Martagon Album

In the photo: Lilia Martagon Manitoba Fox

In the photo: Lilia Martagon R.O. Backhouse

Candidum hybrids

Garden forms, which gave rise to the snow-white lily, or, as it is often called, the royal lily, crossed with the chalcedony lily and other types of European lilies. The specimen of the species is the terracotta lily (Lilium x testaceum). There are very few varieties of this species, but they are all very fragrant, the flowers are in the form of a wide funnel or tubular, the color of the flowers is all shades of yellow or white. In varieties of this species, the scales of the bulbs pass into leaves that form a rosette. The disadvantage of the species is susceptibility to fungal diseases, in addition, seeds are poorly tied in these hybrids. Varieties:

lily apollo- white lily, fragrant bells 10-12 cm in diameter, collected 9-10 pieces in a brush;
terracotta lily (tiled, testaceum)- cream-colored turban-shaped flowers.

American hybrids

Derived from crossing leopard lily, Humboldt lily, Canada lily, Columbian lily, Bolander lily, Parry lily, etc. In addition to them, the group includes Bellingham hybrids and Burbank lily - about 150 varieties in total. The flowers are varied both in shape and color. These hybrids need slightly acidic soil, abundant watering and good drainage, do not tolerate transplantation. Bloom in July. Frost-resistant. Varieties:

grade Shuksan- golden lily brown spots, the tips of the petals are pink;
grade Cherrywood- red lilies.

Long-flowered hybrids

Garden forms from long-flowered lily, Formolonga, Formosan, etc. The flowers of these hybrids are predominantly white or light shades. These lilies love warmth, so in winter they have to be well covered. In addition, they are easily infected with viruses. But they are ideal for forcing and growing at home. The best varieties:

grade white fox- flowers up to 12 cm in diameter, directed to the side, white with yellowness. Tube length - 16 cm, plant height reaches 130 cm;
grade white haven- white flowers with a light green center, yellow-orange stamens.

tubular hybrids

They originate from Asiatic lilies (Henry lilies), but without the participation in breeding of such species as golden lily, beautiful, Japanese and reddish lily. These hybrids are hardy but love fertile soil, are not afraid of viruses and fungi, easily multiply by any means. These are the most frequent representatives of the genus in our gardens, blooming for three months until the end of September. Trumpet lilies are divided into four subgroups according to the shape of the flower:

flowers tubular(groups "Black Dragon", "Golden Clarion", "Sulphur Queen", etc.);
flowers cup-shaped, or cup-shaped directed to the side (groups "Heart's Desire", "New Era", "Gwendolyn Anley");
flowers drooping(groups "Christmas Day", "Golden Showers";
flowers stellate(groups "Mimosa Star", "Mimosa Star", "Havemeyer").

Oriental hybrids

These are hybrids of East Asian species: reddish, beautiful, golden lilies, Japanese lilies and Henry. Their flowers are tubular, cup-shaped, turban-shaped and flat. Oriental lily has all the advantages of the genus of lilies, as well as some of its disadvantages: its hybrids are difficult to grow, they do not reproduce well and are very susceptible to viral diseases and Fusarium roots. These hybrids bloom only for 5-6 years, the growth of onions annually is 3-5 pieces. Varieties:

Anais Anais- white lilies with a yellow central vein, yellow-green nectaries, purple stigma, wavy petals, curled tips, stems 1.25 m high;
Ascari- a lily of lilac-crimson color with a yellow center and dark specks, the edge of the petals is wavy, the height of the stem is 105 cm;
Barbados- large lilies (flower diameter 22 cm) of dark crimson color with a white border along the edge of wavy petals with curved tips, dark speck and white throat, dark purple stigma.

In the photo: Oriental Lily Anais Anais

In the photo: Oriental Lily Ascari

In the photo: Lily Orientalis Barbados

LA (LA) hybrids

Hybrids of hybrids of long-flowered and Asian. These double hybrids are very resistant to fungal diseases, winter-hardy, have a wide palette of shades from white to dark red in various combinations, their flowers are larger, more beautiful and denser than those of the "Asians", and the aroma is more delicate. The stems of LA hybrids are strong, but without "bulbs". Varieties:

Lily of Brindisi- large-flowered hybrid of pale pink color, blooms very profusely, tall;
lily Eulinner- large-flowered white hybrid with cherry specks, tall;
lily freya- chameleon flower: first large yellow flowers bloom, then they become creamy white with a characteristic yellow pattern. Tall copy.

OT (OR) hybrids, or oriental pets

The results of crossing oriental and tubular hybrids. Their stems are tall, strong, the flowers are very large (up to 25 cm) in the form of a wide cup or funnel-shaped, directed to the side or up. The color is pink, yellow, red, orange, there are multicolor varieties. Lilies OT hybrids are grown in flower farms and mainly for cutting, but breeders are actively working to develop varieties for open ground. Varieties:

Lily Beverly Dream- a very beautiful hybrid: star-shaped, white edge, wine-red throat;
lily big brother- very large flower(more than 25 cm) yellow-vanilla color with black stamens;
Lily Black Beauty- turban-shaped, downward, almost black lily (red-cherry with a lilac-violet hue), along the edge of a thin white border, very long stamens.

In the photo: Lily OT-hybrid Big Brother

In the photo: Lily OT-hybrid Black Beauty

And something else about lilies and not only. In addition to the described species and their hybrids, the following hybrid groups have appeared in recent years: LO hybrids- the result of crossing long-flowered and oriental hybrids, OA hybrids- the result of crossing oriental and Asian hybrids, LP hybrids- lilies obtained by crossing tubular lilies with long-flowered ones, AA hybrids- from Olean lilies and Asian hybrids. And many others. It must be said that many novice flower growers believe that the Amazon lily is one of the varieties of lilies, but in fact it is a flower eucharis, also a bulbous plant, only it belongs to the Amaryllis family. As for such a curiosity as the black lily, there are many varieties of lilies with very dark petals of red, purple and brown hues, but the flower that is so called by the people is actually “takka”, or “ bat”, or “Devil's flower”, and it belongs to the family of such (Tassaseae).

Lilies are very beautiful, feminine and sophisticated flowers. Growing these is easy enough. These flowers are very hardy to factors external environment and flower growers grow them with pleasure. This feature characterizes all bulbous plants. The article talks about how to grow lilies on the garden plot, rules of planting, watering, care, etc.
I invite you to the group on Subscribe.ru for summer residents, gardeners: "Country hobbies"

How to grow lilies

Where lilies grow well

Initially, varieties of lilies began to be derived from wild species that grow comfortably in forests and along river banks. Beautiful lilies tolerate dry conditions well, but soils with a close occurrence of groundwater are by no means suitable for them.

For lilies, it is better to choose light soils. On heavy soils, plants do not develop well. Lilies tolerate areas poor in humus much more easily than fatty saturated chernozems.

Lilies have such preferences due to the fact that its bulbs require a lot of air and little moisture for their development. In waterlogged soils, the bulbs feel uncomfortable, often even rot.

Bulb storage and planting

It is very important to properly store the bulbs so that they are in good condition by the time they are planted. Bulbs should be placed in a cool room so that they do not germinate ahead of time. Before planting, they should be treated with chemicals against diseases and pests.

Choose sunny areas for planting bulbs. Soil mulching has a positive effect on the development of the plant. If all the soil in your garden is heavy, then you need to apply a technique such as sanding. Sand and rotted organic fertilizers are added to the soil. All these components are thoroughly mixed.

If you decide to start growing these beauties of flowers, then it will come in handy.

How to plant lilies

Lilies are often planted in groups. In this case, the bulbs are planted at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. Place the next group at least 30-40 cm apart. In this case, the feeding area will be sufficient for normal germination of the bulbs.

Another option is landing in rows. In a row, between the bulbs, keep a distance of 10-15 cm. The most large bulbs placed in the soil to a depth of 15 cm, smaller ones - 10 cm, and very small ones - 7 cm.

Lily bulbs can be planted at any time of the year, but the best time is autumn. This is due to the fact that at high temperatures only the above-ground part of the plant grows, and the roots prefer low positive temperatures. Lilies need repotting.

Lily transplant

It is especially important to separate the "children" from the main main bulb. Transplantation protects the bulb from the development of diseases. If suddenly you notice signs of illness on it, then immediately separate the diseased scales, and also treat with a suitable chemical preparation. If the bulb is completely affected by the disease, then immediately remove it, isolating it from other plants.

Varieties of lilies without transplantation

A large number of species and varieties of lilies have been bred, which feel great even without a transplant. A large number of small ones are formed on the main bulb, which does not interfere with the growth of the plant. Bulbs should not be planted in hot weather.

Overwintering lilies must go rich nutrients, otherwise the bulbs simply will not be able to endure adverse conditions and will die over the winter. As a result, careful care is needed autumn period. Do not forget to loosen the soil, as well as feed the plants with microelements.

Watering is needed no less. In the heat, it is necessary to water the lilies abundantly. When caring for a plant, loosen the soil and add organic fertilizers.

You can plant lilies together with other flowers and.

Lily diseases

Lilies are often damaged by diseases. During the budding period, the most common disease is gray rot. It affects the plant during sudden changes in the weather, when the sun begins to shine after constant rains. Less commonly, viral diseases appear on lilies. Signs of such a disease are deformation of the leaves, as well as the appearance of an unhealthy color of the flowers.

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