Limestone well, what is the optimal design for the customer? How do you decide on a design? With or without plastic metal pipeФ133mm + 117th plastic or metal pipe Ф159mm + 135th plastic?

TWO-PIPE WELL DESIGN ON LIMESTONE.
The first option is a metal pipe Ф133mm + 117th plastic.
The second option is a metal pipe Ф159mm + 135th plastic.

Today, on the market of "private" wells for limestone, there are about a dozen proposals that are fundamentally different in their design, and, consequently, in terms of wells. These are wells made of metal or galvanized, HDPE or PVC plastic, metal with plastic and many more variations.

In this article, we will try to explain what is the difference in the design of a limestone well with or without plastic.

In order to make a choice, let's look at what a casing pipe is for, the pros and cons of one metal pipe (single-pipe design) and plastic construction (two-pipe design).

The purpose of the casing string is to fix the walls of the well on limestone and protect the waters of the exploited aquifer from pollution by overlying waters.

WELL ON LIMESTONE, DURABILITY.

During construction limestone well, on the basis of one metal pipe with a wall thickness of 4.5 mm, take an estimated service life of 25 years. In reality, it is rather problematic to predict the service life of a pipe, since many factors influence this.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DURABILITY OF A LIMESTONE WELL.

• The chemical composition of steel.
• The microstructure of steel.
• Contamination with non-metallic inclusions.
• The presence of damage and cracks (which are not excluded during the construction of the well).
• Corrosive activity of the soil.
• Aggressiveness and gas saturation of waters.
• Chemical composition of water-bearing rocks.
• electrochemical corrosion.
• The magnitude of the fluctuation of the water level in the well.

As a result of these factors, steel casing strings in some areas become almost completely unusable within a few years. Due to the impossibility of their normal operation and the likelihood of mixing waters of different horizons, such limestone wells are subject to liquidation.

Here's your reason to install plastic pipe inside steel during the construction of an artesian well on limestone.

ADVANTAGES OF POLYMER PIPES.

• Resistant to chemical corrosion.
• High sanitary and hygienic qualities.
• hydraulic smoothness.
• Overgrowth resistance inner surface pipes various kinds deposits.
• No electrochemical corrosion.
• Resistant to hydraulic shocks.

WELL IN LIMESTONE, CONSTRUCTION.

SINGLE-PIPE WELL DESIGN.

(one metal pipe Ф133mm or one metal pipe Ф159mm).

Advantages:

• Low on limestone.
• Possibility of exploitation household pumps domestic and import production with a diameter of 3 or 4 inches.

Disadvantages:

• Limited service life.
• The casing string is also a production string.
• Active corrosion in the range of water level fluctuations when the pump is turned on and off.
• Secondary contamination of water with iron during column corrosion.
• High probability of pollution of the exploited horizon by upper (overlapping) waters in case of violation of the integrity of the structure.
• Low maintainability (in relation to the two-pipe design).

TWO-PIPE WELL DESIGN.

(metal pipe Ф133mm + 117th plastic or metal pipe Ф159mm + 135th plastic).

Advantages:

• Limestone well service life (approximately 50 years)
• There is no secondary iron contamination. water is in a plastic pipe
• Resistance to chemical solutions used in the restoration and disinfection of the well
• High on limestone and equipment installed in it. In connection with the possibility to dismantle / install a plastic pipe
• Reliable protection of the exploited horizon from pollution by "intermediate" waters

Disadvantages:

• Increasing the cost of well construction
• Separately, it should be noted the low mechanical strength plastic pipe.

If you still choose a casing string in the form of a single plastic pipe, then you need to consider the following:

1. The depth of the well for limestone should not exceed 50 meters (based on practice).
2. The wall thickness of the plastic pipe must be at least 10mm.
3. No boulders or debris hard rock in the opened soils (even a thorough knowledge of the geology of the area does not exclude the point occurrence of DESTRUCTIVE rocks). Only if the above limestone well on the basis of one plastic pipe will have a maximum service life.

The two-pipe design of an artesian well for limestone with a plastic production string combines the strength of metal and the environmental friendliness of plastic, and together with reliability and durability. The water rising under the natural pressure of the formation is in a plastic column, without touching the metal pipe, which in turn blocks all overlying rocks (clays, sands, etc.) and potentially polluted waters in them.

Having done right choice in favor of a two-pipe design, another question arises: “How to choose the right casing diameter - metal pipe Ø133 mm + 117th plastic or choose a more expensive option - metal pipe Ø159 mm + 135th plastic?”

HOW TO DECIDE ON WELL DIAMETER?

At first glance, the difference is not obvious!

For a plastic pipe Ø117 mm - an inner diameter of Ø101 mm., for a Ø135 plastic pipe - an inner diameter of 115 mm. The inner diameters are not much, but they differ.

The flow rate (productivity) of wells is approximately the same and does not directly depend on the diameter of the casing strings**.

Both can give out about 1 - 5 cubic meters / hour of water.

The service life of both is about 50 years.

But there is a difference! And not small!

** - The well production rate for limestone depends on the type and thickness of the aquifer, the size of the water intake part of the well - height and diameter. A larger diameter of the casing string makes it possible to increase the diameter of the water intake, but does not directly determine the productivity of the wells.

The water intake part is the part of the limestone well structure through which water from the reservoir enters the wellbore on the limestone.

You have often heard: “Why do you need a pipe Ø159, why do you need such a volume of water, why do you need 5 cubic limestone well».

If you heard such formulations and such justification in choosing a well design for limestone, you should really think about the competence and, accordingly, the quality of the work performed by this organization.

LIMESTONE WELL, HOW DOES CASING DIAMETER AFFECT OPERATION?

1. UNIVERSALITY OF USED PUMPS.

Remember, we are looking at:

• The first option is a metal pipe Ф133mm + 117th plastic.
• The second option is a metal pipe Ф159mm + 135th plastic.

The first option, due to its internal diameter of 101 mm, has a limit on the number of brands of pumps used in it. Due to the residual technological clearance between the pump and the production casing, without damage to the well and the pump itself, only a 3 inch (~ 75 mm) pump can be used in it, and this is basically not the most cheap option Grundfos pump. All other manufacturers, domestic and imported, have in their model range mostly 4 inch (~100 mm) pumps. This means that they will enter it, but, as they say, "with a creak." Those. God forbid, during installation or dismantling, at least a small pebble, cable, rope or something like that gets between the pump and the column, the pump gets into a “split” and sometimes it becomes impossible to remove it!

The second option, for obvious reasons, has fewer such restrictions.

2. WELL DRILLING PERFORMANCE.

It's no secret that in last years a certain decrease in water levels was noticed even in artesian horizons. This is due both to the widespread activity of man himself, the drilling of private and industrial wells, the development of quarries with their accompanying drainage, and purely natural phenomena, the change of seasons, etc. Therefore, the possibility of changes in hydrogeological conditions in individual territories and the need to move to deeper aquifers cannot be ruled out.

And here again the initial diameter of the drilled well is important.

The larger the diameter of the first string (159 mm, not 133 mm), the more “spare” diameters for drilling this particular well, and not re-drilling a new one, because going to great depths means reducing the diameters of the casing strings (by the principle of a telescope).

3. WELL REPAIRABILITY.

In a nutshell: In order to order for limestone with or without installation of equipment, you just need to call us and arrange a meeting at the facility or drive to our office and conclude an appropriate contract for the performance of work. In this case, an advance payment of 50% of the estimated cost wells. In, among other conditions, the start and end dates of work are indicated. A few days before these dates, our specialist will contact you and agree on the timing of the start of work. On the appointed day, you or your authorized representative receives a team at the site, determines the features and we start drilling a well into limestone.

Do they make a year-round water supply system from a well on sand or only from artesian?

They do something this way and that, but there is a difference, and a considerable one.

Sources for year-round water supply with some degree of conditionality can be divided into three types: a well, wells of sandy and limestone horizons.

• The well, the depth of which is technologically limited and rarely exceeds 10-15 m, collects the so-called “top water”, is fed from the upper aquifers located under the clay layer.
• The well of the sandy horizon (on the sand) uses the lower, often better cleaned sandy aquifer, which, by the way, is not everywhere. The water saturation of the sandy horizon, in contrast to the upper one, can be relatively high, even a slight pressure is present. The column of water in the casing, as a rule, is located above the level of the horizon, which may be several. On average, the productivity of a sand well is 500 l/h, the depth is 20-40 m. Water, as a rule, is cleared of biological contaminants, the content of bicarbonates, iron and other minerals can be exceeded. With seasonal use, it has a tendency to silt.

A shallow well can be drilled with such a portable installation with an electric motor. Services will be inexpensive, the main cost will be the cost casing pipes

• A well of a limestone horizon (artesian) uses an aquifer of a deeper occurrence. Artesian waters are located between two water-resistant horizons and practically do not communicate with soil waters. The water of the limestone horizon is always under pressure, sometimes so great that when the well is opened, it gushes. Very rarely, the artesian horizon is located close to the surface, 20-50 m is record luck. The usual depth of occurrence is 150-200 m. The average productivity is 3000 l / h, but when it hits a powerful horizon, it can be much more.

The deeper the water intake, the better quality water. Water-resistant layers (clay above, calcareous rocks below) prevent mixing of waters from different horizons

All types of sources are suitable for year-round water supply. Artesian water is guaranteed high quality, the rest - as lucky. Although a shallow well can provide high-quality water. However, the deeper the aquifer is located, the greater the degree of purification the water has gone through, getting rid of harmful impurities. Therefore, without a doubt, a limestone horizon well is the best source of water supply. Especially considering the fact that the service life is higher. However, when it comes to a private house, there are two restrictions:

• Price. A well up to 20 meters deep in soft rock can be drilled with a light portable auger rig, it will not cost much. Up to 60 meters or if there is a moraine in the ground - you will need a more powerful and expensive automotive drilling rig. Deeper - prepare money (a lot of money) and look for heavy drilling equipment. And the cost of the pump directly depends on the depth of the lift. The higher, the more expensive, besides, with an increase in the lift, the pump performance drops significantly. As a result, the arrangement of a good artesian well can become comparable to the price of a solid residential building. The average price of a well "on sand" and an artesian well, together with equipment, differs very, very significantly. Unless, of course, you have won a prize and the calcareous horizon is not close to the surface.
• Law. In accordance with Article 40, Clause 1 of the Land Code and Article 19 of the Law "On Subsoil", artesian waters are target aquifers protected by the state and a potential owner, before starting drilling, is obliged to provide a sanitary protection zone in accordance with SanPiN 2.1. 4.1110-02, obtain a license for subsoil use. If you do not have sufficient territory for this and are an individual, you have no chance of obtaining permission. The penalty for non-compliance with the law is a fine of 5,000 rubles for individual(up to 40,000 for a legal entity) in accordance with Article 7.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. And, of course, a ban on further use.

The well must be protected from penetration into the depths along the casing of melt and upper water.

It is realistic to equip an artesian well if you create a cooperative with your neighbors, find a free territory for creating security zone and go to construction. "Private traders" have to be content with the construction of a well or a well of a sandy horizon. We recommend that you give a sample of water to the laboratory of the local sanitation station, the analysis is inexpensive. If necessary, according to the results, you can choose optimal system filtration to bring the quality of water to drinking.

In the absence of centralized water networks, the question of organization arises autonomous system water supply. There are two options for solving this problem: a well and a well.

A well is the easiest way to get water, but the amount of water obtained in this way is not enough to solve the problem of water supply to a residential building.

An alternative source of water supply is well.

Depending on the depth of the aquifer, there are:

wells for sand (sandy);

wells for limestone (artesian).

In practice, three main mechanical well drilling methods are used:

1. Kolinsky. Drilling takes place with the help of a drill with a diamond crown. This method allows drilling wells to a depth of 1000 m.

2. Rotary. Drilling is carried out with a drilling tool with a bit fixed on it, and the waste soil is brought to the surface with a special flushing mixture. This method allows you to drill wells in almost any soil.

3. Screw. This method is mainly used on loose soils and drilling depths up to 50 m.

sand well- most cheap way receiving water. With the help of such a well, the issue of water supply can be removed. small house(dachas) with a standard number of water points (shower, toilet, sink). The drilling depth of such a well is 20-35 m. Productivity (debit) - 0.9-1.5 m3/hour.

A sand well is drilled to the level of water-bearing sand. Layers of sand tend to lie on top of each other, but not each may have enough water. When drilling such wells, it is necessary to take into account the structure of the sand. The coarser the sand, the greater the chance of getting enough water. good quality. Sand of large fractions passes water better than fine sand. Wells drilled in layers of fine sand quickly silt up and become unusable.

The well shaft is mounted from casing pipes, which are interconnected either by welding or by threading. The diameter of the casing pipes depends on the thickness of the aquifer, but on average it ranges from 100 to 150 mm. A strainer is installed at the end of the casing coarse cleaning to prevent sand, clay from entering clean water. The space between the lower part of the casing before the filter and the walls of the aquifer is filled with a cement-sand mortar.

The final stage of the well device is the installation of the head. The head performs the function of a shut-off device for the outer part of the well. It protects the well from debris from outside and ground water. The head has holes for water pipe and cables, a place for fastening a borehole pump.

The main advantages of sand wells:

drilling time. The shallow depth of the well allows you to mount it in 1-3 days;

low cost because it is not required a large number casing pipes;

drilling of such wells does not require permits;

But such wells also have a number of significant drawbacks:

little power. With a large water consumption, such a well will not be enough;

limited service life. The life of such a well is from 5 to 15 years, depending on the thickness of the aquifer and the frequency of use. The more often a well is used, the longer it lasts;

high risk of contamination of the aquifer through groundwater due to the small depth of the well.

by the most the best source receiving clean water counts limestone well or artesian well. The depth of an artesian well reaches 70-200 m. The productivity (debit) is from 3 to 10 m?/hour. One such well is enough to provide water for several houses or an entire village.

The aquifer in such a well is limestone, which occurs at considerable depths. But not all limestone contains water. For such a well, porous limestone is needed. You can drill a well into limestone almost anywhere. The possibility of carrying out work is limited only by the depth of the limestone and the possibility of installing drilling equipment in each specific location.

An artesian well does not require the installation of a strainer. Its function is performed by limestone. In some cases, a perforated section of casing is installed at the bottom of the well.

1. Classic- consists of casing pipes of the same diameter. It is used with a homogeneous soil structure.

With outer and inner casing different diameter. This scheme is used when the upper layers of the soil are homogeneous, and the lower ones consist of clay and sand.

2. Telescopic. This type of well is used for heterogeneous soils, when, along with sand and clay, layers of stones and boulders come across.

The indisputable advantages of these wells include their high productivity and long service life. But the main advantage is high quality water.

Disadvantages of artesian wells:

high cost of drilling;

the need to obtain a work permit.

Own water source on the site has undoubted advantages, especially for summer cottages, where problems with water supply are quite common. During the spring-summer period, the garden and home garden require regular watering, not to mention the need for cooking and quenching thirst. Therefore, a water well is the first thing the owner of the site should take care of. However, not everyone can immediately determine which well to drill for a summer residence, because for this you need to know the features of each type and take into account the cost of drilling.

Based on which aquifer is being drilled, the type of well is determined - sandy or limestone (artesian). The depth of these layers may differ by several tens of meters, which directly affects the complexity and cost of drilling.

Design features wells and location of aquifers

Well on the sand

The sandy aquifer usually has a depth of 15-45 m. For the arrangement of such a well, a casing pipe with a diameter of up to 160 mm is used. A special filter is installed in its lower part, which serves to trap large particles of sand.

Interesting to know. Sand deposits aquifers arranged in places (lenses). Therefore, if there is water-bearing sand in the neighboring area, then there is no 100% guarantee that your water will be located at the same depth.

The productivity of the well for sand depends on fluctuations in groundwater and is no more than 1.5 m³ / h. In addition, the flow rate is affected by the intensity of operation and the size of the sand fractions (coarse sand increases the productivity of the source).

borehole on limestone

The depth of the artesian horizon depends on the location of the aquifer - limestone, the deposits of which are usually deeper than 100 m from the surface. Since the limestone layer is completely isolated from upper layers the water is absolutely pure. Therefore, most often such a well is drilled for a house or a summer residence, where it is necessary to organize not only the irrigation of the garden, but also domestic water supply.

Important. To drill an artesian well, it is necessary to obtain permits from the state for the use of subsoil resources.

The diameter of the casing pipe is selected depending on the depth of the limestone layer and is 160-330 mm. The productivity of an artesian source is an order of magnitude higher than a sandy source and starts from 5 m³ / h.

The area of ​​aquifer limestone is much higher than the sandy horizon, so residents will not feel a lack of water supply

Water well drilling methods

Considering what kind of well you are going to drill, there are several methods that can be divided into two types: manual and mechanized.

If it is necessary to extract water from a sandy layer that lies at a depth of no more than 40 m, while the soil section consists of relatively soft rocks, then best option- auger drilling. In this case, the main tool is an auger with blades welded at an angle. Thanks to the rotational movements, the soil is removed and transported to the surface with the help of blades. At the same time, nothing gets inside, which is an undoubted advantage of this method.

To manual methods can also be attributed percussion drilling. A heavy tool, which is a pipe with a ball inside and a cutting and gripping device at the end, is lifted with a rope to a height of 2 meters and falls down with force. Thus, the rock is broken and with the help of a gripping tool is lifted up.

Advice. To simplify the percussion rope process, a clay solution or water can be used, which is later extracted with a special bucket.

Deep artesian wells require a more technological approach, for which drilling complexes such as URB are used. The soil in this case is destroyed by means of a cone or bladed bit, after which the crushed rock rises to the top with drilling mud. The drill rods are driven by a rotor located on the machine and powered by an internal combustion engine. This technology allows drilling limestone layers and solid rocks.

Comparison of sand and artesian wells

To decide which well to choose for your dacha, you need to conduct them comparative analysis according to the main indicators: cost, productivity, water quality, duration of operation and Required documents.

• Price

The price of drilling operations mainly depends on the depth to which they are carried out. So sand wells cost the owners of the site much cheaper than artesian ones. In addition, for drilling into limestone, special equipment which further increases the cost of the work.

• Performance

The average well flow rate for sand fluctuates around 1 m³/h. The productivity of an artesian source is much higher - from 5 m³ / h.

• Water quality

The purity and usefulness of groundwater largely depend on the nature of the area and its remoteness from large cities. While the quality of limestone water has nothing to do with external factors and besides, it is filled useful minerals and salts.

• Duration of operation

The service life of a sand source is affected by the depth and size of the sand fractions. Typically, the duration of its operation is from 3 to 15 years. At the same time, artesian water can be obtained for 50 years.

• Documentation

When drilling and operating sand wells, there is no need to obtain permits. The use of a limestone source without coordination with the relevant authorities, on the contrary, promises a fine and a forced cessation of water supply.

Drilling an artesian well requires considerable financial investments, but the result is a high flow rate and great quality water

So, which well is better to drill in the country? It all depends on its purpose. If you use the site exclusively for crop production and appear there several times a year, then groundwater is quite suitable for watering the garden. In addition, special filters will help make it even drinkable. For permanent residence it is better to spend money on an artesian source once and forget about the problem with water supply for decades. However, in this case, you should immediately contact good specialists who have extensive experience in drilling operations and are well versed in the geology of the area.

Before you start arranging the water supply at home, you should determine the source of water. It can be a well or a well. The best choice is definitely the second option. However, not all water intakes are the same. They are distinguished by the depth of drilling - into sand and into limestone (artesian sources).

Water intake for sand refers to the “budget” option, artesian is more expensive to perform, but at the same time it is able to meet the drinking and household needs of several houses at once.

Drilling a well on sand - features of carrying out

A sandy water intake is understood as a source, the depth of which reaches the first sandy aquifer. The depth of such a source can reach 35 m, but the water supply is limited, so the water supply does not exceed 1.5 m3 / h. When arranging a sandy water intake, you should carefully consider its location. Since drilling is carried out on the upper aquifer, there is a high risk that the water will be polluted by runoff. Particular attention should be paid to compliance sanitary zone. In addition, it is recommended to use filters with which you can not only clean, but also disinfect water.

When installing a water intake, a mesh filter must be installed, which will prevent premature silting. The pollution of the source is evidenced by a decrease in the flow rate and a deterioration in the quality of the water.

Drilling a well on sand and limestone is carried out different ways, the most popular of which are:

-shock-rope. There is a cyclic destruction of the soil by crushing the rock with a driving glass. The removal of the waste rock to the surface is carried out using the same glass or bailer;

- screw. The destruction of the soil is carried out under the influence of the auger. The rock is removed from the face along its spiral. This is The best way for drilling wells on soft loose soils with a depth of 30-50 m;

- hydrodynamic. Jet streams of a special washing solution are used, under the influence of which the rock is destroyed. In this way, you can create a water intake up to 15 m deep;

- rotational. Provides high speed creating a water intake. The work uses a special drill and flushing clay solution.

Construction of a water well for sand

The trunk of a sandy water intake consists of casing pipes interconnected by welding or threading. Holes are created in the downpipe, onto which a mesh filter is installed to prevent sand particles from entering the water. The diameter of the casing string can be from 127 to 159 mm - depending on the degree of fluid loss. The higher the water yield, the larger the pipes. Next, the space between the casing string and the source wall is filled with sand-cement mortar. The next step is to install the head and connect pumping equipment.

Sandy well - all the pros and cons

The advantages of this type of water intake include:

• high drilling speed (a sand well can be created in just 1-2 days). The duration of the work depends on the technique of their implementation and the required depth of the source;
• low cost, almost 10 times cheaper than an artesian source device (due to the small depth of water intake);
• there is no need to issue a work permit.

The disadvantages include:

• short service life;
• limited supply of water at the source.

The life of such water intakes depends on how often they are used: the more often the well works, the longer you can use it. Also great importance has the composition of the soil, if there is a layer of gravel in the sand, this can increase the life of the source. With limited financial resources, a small area of ​​​​the site and a small number of water points, a well for water on sand is ideal option for water supply.

Limestone well - what you need to know

An artesian-type water intake can have a fairly significant depth - 70-200 meters. Moreover, its depth depends on the location of the aquifer, called limestone. At competent operation such the water source will last a very long time.

Advantages and disadvantages of limestone wells

The main advantage of the "artesian" is that drilling can be done almost anywhere, the limestone layer is completely isolated from groundwater and provides water that does not need to be cleaned. The term of use of such an object is more than 20 years.
The undeniable advantages include a high flow rate (at least 5 m3 / h.). The amount of pumped water is mainly limited only by the capacity of pumping equipment. Artesian water intake does not need special maintenance, it does not silt. Also, there is no need to install a special filter directly into the water horizon, but it is enough to use a perforated casing string. The performance of such a water intake is enough to satisfy the needs of several houses at once.

The disadvantages of such a source include water hardness (it can be removed using softener filters), the high cost of drilling into limestone. The duration of use of the water intake depends on the operating conditions, the type of soil on which it is located, the quality of the device.
The technology of drilling such a well is rather complicated. Work, as a rule, is carried out using bladed or cone bits. In order to avoid the collapse of the walls, as well as to isolate the soil layers that carry dirty water, carry out the installation of the casing.