Regular park style. Regular style in landscape design. Statues come in different directions
Each stylistic direction in landscape design has basic, only inherent features that cannot be confused with any others. Seeing, for example, in a garden or in a park the right geometric shapes, you can be sure that in front of you is a garden in a regular style.
However, geometric shapes are not the only criterion for regularity. What should be a real regular garden, what are its typical features - let's look at it.
To start a little history
The regular park is also called geometric, formal and French. Well, geometric is understandable why, formal - from the word form. And it is called French, because it reached its highest popularity precisely in France of the 17th-18th centuries (the Baroque era). The most striking example is beautiful park Versailles, who created landscape architect André Le Nôtre for Louis XIV.
France has always been a trendsetter. If something has become fashionable in France, then it will soon become fashionable all over the world. This happened with regular gardens - other European countries quickly adopted new style landscape art.
Hence the name of the French park. However, from a historical point of view, it is incorrect. Because initially the regular direction was formed in Italy during the Renaissance.
What does the word regular mean?
In general, regularity is a synonym for orderliness, structure, correctness. Most likely, the eternal human desire to control nature, to subordinate it to oneself, contributed to the emergence of the regular style. And such parks are a kind of way to realize your desire, to streamline nature. After all, they have the opportunity to oppose man-made - natural, geometric - formless.
Typical signs of a formal direction
In the formal direction garden:
There are strict, straight lines
there is a main compositional axis
in the creation of all compositions, including in the layout of the garden, geometry was used
decorative and functional elements are arranged symmetrically
there is no variety of elements, many of them are repeated many times
the center of the garden is the building, the house
trees and shrubs given a geometric or artistic form
there are clear boundaries between the garden and its surrounding area
for breakdown are used mainly flat surfaces, and with a more pronounced relief, the garden is designed in the form of terraces connected by stairs.
Main elements
Throughout the history of development in the formal direction, a set of characteristic elements has been formed that are recommended when creating parks of this type. And each element of the regular park speaks of its man-made and artificiality. Let's talk about them in more detail.
Parterre
This is a decorative landing bed, more often square shape(but can also be in the form of a circle, oval), along the perimeter of which trimmed undersized plants are planted. The ridge is filled with a patterned ornament of ornamental plants, gravel of various shades or flowers (parterre flower garden). Parterres are separated by sandy paths.
Lace parterre
The lace parterre differs from the usual one in a strongly curly, twisted pattern. The pattern can be formed by trimmed yew or boxwood, or colored gravel, sand.
This is an ornamental flower garden, where plants specially selected for color and timing of flowering form a complex pattern. In its center there may be a fountain, a small sculpture or a flowerpot.
It is usually used as a background for parterre flower beds and tapeworms. However, the lawn can be an independent decorative element. Then the grass seeds are planted in a clearly marked template pattern. In this case, it may be framed in the form of a ribbon of colored gravel or a vegetable border.
This is an area where a small group of trees or shrubs has been planted, subjected to decorative shearing. Such plots were artificial groves on a flat lawn or in a clearing. And if the trees were located along the perimeter, then such bosquets were called green cabinets.
alley
This element is familiar to everyone and does not need a special introduction. This is a straight path, along the edges of which trees are planted.
A bush or tree that has been given a certain, often geometric, shape by shearing.
Hedges
This is indispensable attribute regular garden. Hedges act not only as decorative elements, they also divide the territory into zones. They are often used to create labyrinths, borders.
Goose foot
This is the name of 3-5 paths or alleys converging at one point, usually in the center of the composition.
Water
Garden ponds in a regular style can be round, oval, square, rectangular, with a clear coastline. In the coastal zone, plants are planted in rows. On the large plots create cascades.
Sculpture
Sculptural compositions are used to animate the garden, as well as to enhance perspectives.
When creating a garden, it is not necessary to use all of the above elements. You can take some of them, those that are more suitable for a specific terrain, the size of the territory, and make a decent composition. The main thing is to follow the rules of the formal direction.
Every field has its own trends. Landscape design is no exception, which is also subject to changeable fashion trends. Every year, experts try to offer all new options for decorating plots. They reflect not only the mood of the present, but also the views of the masters, their amazing abilities and talent.
general information
Landscape design can be considered a concept known for a long time. Previously, it was used when it came to decorating fairly large land areas or public areas, including parks. But today, in this regard, the situation has changed quite dramatically. For contemporaries, landscape design has become relevant in many cases. And first of all, specialists in this field are in demand among private traders who buy large areas land to build a house on.
Landscaping in such cases should be thought out very competently so that every corner of the site is involved. Many home gardens today they contain interesting decor items; from a design point of view, they are luxurious and rich. Modern styles landscape design allows you to turn areas into fashionable and original places. But in order to get such a wonderful garden, you need to invest a lot of serious work and costs, including not only financial, but also temporary. The specialist must first of all decide on the style, conduct an irrigation system, choose materials for paving paths, plants, fences and much more. The right approach to the design of the territory is a guarantee that the personal plot will turn out to be a truly unique place.
Landscaping styles
The choice of direction primarily depends on the area land plot. If the territory is small, then chic massive monumental compositions will be out of place on it. Moreover, the design work must take into account the degree natural light personal plot. To date, a sufficient number of a wide variety of styles of landscape design is known. Most often, experts use country, Provence, Scandinavian, landscape. No less popular are rustic and regular styles in landscape design. Each of them has its own history, features, forms and purposes.
Homestead territory is perceived by many as a personal corner of nature. After all, spending enough time in the air allows a person to relieve stress, refresh thoughts and improve mood. Therefore, a beautiful and at the same time functional arrangement of the backyard territory can be confidently called a guarantee both for peace of mind and for a great pastime. In this article we will talk about what constitutes a regular style in landscape design, the photo of which is presented below. It has already gained great popularity not only in Europe, but also in our country, so many will be interested in getting to know this direction better.
Peculiarities
This method will become ideal solution for those people who love symmetry and prefer to see order in everything. regular style in landscape design implies the presence of many clear compositions, which are made in the form of ideal figures and geometric lines. It is more suitable for large areas. Only the presence of a large-scale territory makes it possible to demonstrate all the features of a regular or French garden.
Regular style in landscape design: description
There are no trifles in this direction. Regular style involves taking into account even the slightest nuance, which should be very subtly in harmony with the general image of the site. There is a clear layout here. At the same time, you need to know that arranging a garden in a regular style is not as easy as it seems: such work requires a lot of time and effort, and caring for it is quite laborious. However, the result fully pays for everything. Garden in a regular style, divided into suburban area, will resemble a real park of French aristocrats. At the same time, every detail and image in it must be thought out to the smallest detail. Regular landscape style in the garden can be recognized by the symmetrical planting of shrubs and trees, the correct geometric contours, straight alleys or paths, the clarity and regularity of the compositions, the complex parterre, pronounced center line, as well as many-sided water elements and numerous sculptures. All this gives the formal park orderliness and sophistication with notes of grandeur and solemnity. French regular style is complete opposite the naturalness that is supposed in an English or landscape garden.
History of occurrence
Initially, the dominant views and state structure of the country, as well as the type of thinking of the ruler, had a strong influence on the formation of landscape art. They set the tone for landscape design. After all, gardens and parks, in which the utilitarian function did not have a leading role, at that time only the richest people allowed themselves to have them.
Regular landscape style has a very long history. It originates from the ancient Romans, who, by contrasting the aesthetics of geometric shapes with the natural environment, in this art achieved high level. AT Ancient Rome plastic and floral compositions were combined with fountains and cascades. The landscaping art of this mighty empire at that time used almost the entire arsenal of ornamental gardening known today. Historically, the garden in the regular style was a place for processions and walks, as well as for sitting.
heyday
It was widely used in France in the seventeenth century. The regular style at that time was used to create parks and gardens, laid out at palaces or castles. It is closely associated with the name of King Louis XIV. The formal or regular style reached its heyday in the 17th century, in the era of the apogee of absolutism. Therefore, it is also called French.
Due to their compositional complexity, regular gardens and parks were mainly used to decorate castles and palaces and were designed to additionally emphasize the monumentality and splendor of the elite ensembles. A huge contribution to the formation and development of this style was made by Andre Le Nôtre, the court gardener of Louis XIV. He is the author of the unique landscape solutions in such famous parks as Versailles, Chantilly, Fontainebleau, Vaux-le-Vicomte, etc. One of the most clear examples is the country residence of Louis XIV - Versailles. The magnificent palace is the center of the composition, from which straight, well-groomed alleys and evenly trimmed lawns diverge. Each flower garden in a regular style occupies a thoughtful place allotted for it.
All this turned into a delightful piece of paradise with intricately trimmed trees and shrubs, magnificent flower beds, and a shiny smooth surface. artificial ponds. Louis IV thus sought to once again demonstrate his power, not only over his subordinates, but also over nature itself.
Implementation Methods
French or regular landscape style often considered a model of European classics. However, many call it sunny and artsy, avant-garde and even pretentious. After all, the French or regular style of the park suggests anything but ease of care. Aesthetics with expressiveness are the main tasks. This feature of this trend in landscape design can be traced in modern incarnations.
The main elements of the French garden are the parterre, including the lace parterre, the flower bed in a regular style, the parterre lawn, topiaries and flower beds.
The dominant color of any regular garden is green. Neatly cut lawns and other varieties are like frames and backgrounds for “playing” with symmetry and geometry. Green tunnels connecting flower beds and lawns, framing trimmed borders and clipped hedges around the perimeter, a entwined facade of the building, numerous topiaries in the form of spheres, pyramids, etc. - all this should dominate the design of the landscape.
The main element is the parterre - an open part of the garden, divided into sections that have regular shapes, most often separated by sandy paths. It may contain patterned ornaments collected from low or clipped ornamental plants in combination with coarse sand. different shades, gravel, etc. The word "parterre" is derived from the French par and terre, meaning "on the ground." It can be floral, lawn and lace.
scale
The regular style was mainly used to decorate the castle grounds of palaces and castles, which can hardly be called modest. Therefore, such gardens are traditionally associated with scale. They are intended primarily for long walks, so that new views constantly appear before your eyes and picturesque paintings alternate. It is quite difficult to organize this in a small area, besides, numerous decorative elements will clutter up and therefore burden the space.
In addition, a mandatory requirement for the implementation of a regular style in the design of the garden is a flat, even area, without the presence of relief irregularities. And this requires a thorough earthworks.
Geometry
The regular style is characterized primarily by axial composition. Most often, the main structure in the garden acts as an axis of symmetry. Straight lines coming from it allow you to streamline the space and emphasize the impact on nature. This style does not allow any randomness. The main element of a regular garden is the parterre - an open part of the territory with lawns, borders, flower beds and flower beds, consisting of plots correct form. The main background for flower beds and tapeworms - parterre lawn - requires especially careful care, since it is he who is considered the face of the park. characteristic feature regular garden are ornamental flower beds with intricate patterns and compositions, which are particularly difficult not only in design, but also in subsequent care. In this case, you can not do without a professional. The center of a flower arrangement is often a fountain or sculpture.
Hedges, topiary and ponds
When zoning a regular garden, arches, hedges, pergolas and trellises are widely used. One of best jewelry are considered to be created as a result of cutting trees and shrubs and giving them various forms. An obligatory element of a regular or formal garden is a pond with a clear coastline. Its shape can be in the form of a square, circle or rectangle. The reservoir should be framed by vegetation planted in a strict order.
Plants and materials used
The decorativeness of a regular garden, if possible, should be maintained throughout the year. Therefore, experts prefer evergreens. To create picturesque vaults, liana or ivy is most often used. Perfectly fit into the regular style and monogardens, which consist of only one type of plant, for example, rose gardens, sirenaria or iridaria. As a rule, in such a garden it is customary to use plants that have decorative foliage. Another selection criterion is the maximum long flowering.
Trees that are given interesting shapes as a result of shearing are yew, privet, thuja, boxwood, barberry and juniper. However, experts recommend not to get carried away: it is enough to use two or three types in the compositions.
The flower garden should have classic strict forms. Arabesques are also characteristic of such a French garden. Moreover, a flower bed in a regular style should consist only of undersized plants, for example, bright subulate phlox, lobelia, coleus or ageratum.
Parterre
A garden in a regular style has an obligatory element: the parterre is a single ceremonial composition consisting of flower beds, lawns and a pond. He is the face of the garden. The real front parterre should occupy large space, so that the whole whole composition could be seen only from the top floor of the house. However, today it has become widespread simple options, which are often performed near private houses or cottages. We are talking about a well-groomed lawn of the correct form, limited around the perimeter by a border or green flower beds.
A garden in a regular style, as you know, must have large area. Nevertheless, some elements of this direction of landscape design can be used in small areas. For example, a regular plot style can be obtained by creating flower beds decorated with trimmed shrubs. Large space is not required for them, but the bushes arranged symmetrically will have an impact on the style of the garden.
If a gazebo is provided on the site, then it is recommended to use forged metal or even wooden decorative carved elements in its design. Similar fragments will be appropriate for fences. A good option as an element of a regular style on the site would be a cast fence, executed in a classic, strict manner.
Of all the styles of gardens, the regular one is rightfully considered the most conservative. The main rival of a regular or formal garden style is landscape or English style, which contrasts the rigor and geometricity of a regular garden with naturalness and unity with nature.
From the history of the regular style
The formal or regular garden style is also called French. And this is explained by the fact that this style reached its peak precisely in France, during the reign of Louis XIV, in the era of the apogee of absolutism. Then the regular proper gardens embodied the ideas of the absolute triumph of beauty, orderliness and the genius of architectural thought over nature. A man created a clear, thoughtful park, verified to every detail, demonstrating superiority and power, the conquest of the world around him.
regular style landscape design is associated, first of all, with the name of Andre Le Nôtre - an architect, landscape designer and the court gardener of Louis XIV, who became the author of stunningly beautiful garden and park ensembles. Andre Le Nôtre worked in the parks of Vaux-le-Vicomte, Fontainebleau, Chantilly; in the park of the Palace of Versailles. Later he was invited to England, where he continued to work on projects of garden ensembles (he became, in particular, the author of St. James and Greenwich parks in London).
Regular gardens and parks were created at palaces and castles and were an integral part of the garden and park ensemble. Regular gardens were designed to emphasize the splendor and monumentality of the architecture of the palace.
Regular gardens spread to many countries where they received further development and added new elements.
Regular garden nowadays
These days, regular gardens are not so common, many are limited to only a few elements of a regular style or decorated in formal style any separate plot garden. In general, the creation of a regular garden is a rather costly process, requiring a large amount of work and care for each element.
It is believed that the French regular garden is the choice of people who prefer the classical architecture of the past. A regular garden will be a great addition to old-style mansions with terraces, balustrades, and sculptural groups. The main emotional feature of the style is solemnity, wealth, grandeur.
Plot size
First of all, the size of the plot plays a role. According to historical tradition, a regular park is large enough area ; the whole garden is perceived as an alternation of picturesque paintings, striking in their grandeur. The regular garden was created for long walks, where at the end of each alley leading into the the new kind. In addition, all elements on suburban area must be solid, squat, powerful, of impressive size, which is often difficult to do on a smaller site.
It is also worth noting that a regular garden is a flat area with no relief drops. Therefore, it is often necessary to a large number of earthworks, install , screens and other special constructions.
layout
As for the layout itself, it should be strictly geometric where house is the axis of symmetry. The main feature of a regular garden is its separation from surrounding nature, therefore, randomness and random arrangement of garden elements is unacceptable.
The main element in the regular park is parterre- an open part of the garden with lawns, ponds, flower beds, borders, divided into sections of the correct form.
Parterre lawn
No regular garden is complete without reservoir. The mirror surface of the water will be perfectly combined with the overall composition. The reservoir on the site is made in the form of a circle, oval, square, rectangle. Coastline must be clear; plants in the coastal zone are planted in strict order, in rows. On large areas, they often create - multi-stage structures made of stone or concrete, which serve to fall water jets. Also installed on the site, which can serve as a center flower arrangements, For example.
Hedges
An indispensable element of a regular garden are and. In addition to decorative functions, they also have practical purposes (they serve to zone the garden). The creation of green rooms and corridors is another of the tricks of the French park. Look very nice berso- living walls, looking up. Creating green rooms and all sorts will require installation supporting structures; it could be trellis.
It is difficult to imagine a regular garden without topiary figures. Many trees and shrubs (both deciduous and coniferous) lend themselves to topiary haircuts; topiaries are given the most different forms(ball, cube, pyramid, cone, spiral).
Plants for the regular garden
From plants for regular gardens choose evergreen rocks that remain decorative throughout the year. Arches often twine lianas and which form green vaults. A garden in a formal style is often decorated - areas where plants of the same species are cultivated (rosaries, sirengaria, iridarium, etc.). Mulching is often used in flower beds; planting plants are shaded with white or colored gravel.
Materials for a regular garden choose expensive, High Quality- precious woods, marble, ceramics, bronze. Accessories for a regular garden should also look rich, there should not be too many of them, but all of them should favorably emphasize other elements of the garden, be “out of place”. When decorating arbors, woodcarving is usually used, artistic forging. Railings in a formal garden are cast iron or cast iron with a classic trellis pattern.
In a regular garden, preference is given to calm tones, classic ornaments, and plant motifs.
It may seem to some that regular gardens are a relic of the past, they are all boring and devoid of imagination. However, these are not. Straight paths and alleys are combined with water elements, enchanting with their melodic overflows, evergreen plantings contrast with carpet flower beds, there is a place in a strict, geometric layout cozy gazebos, recreation areas. A competent approach to garden planning and a sense of proportion are important components in creating gardens, and this is perhaps most relevant for a regular garden.
From appearance personal plot depends a lot. It is no secret that being in nature relieves stress, calms, pacifies and charges the body with clean energy. A site where the landscape design is carefully thought out, made in the same style, and the plants look well-groomed and lush, will always cheer you up, allowing you to find the lost peace of mind. Many people think about what style to choose for decorating their garden. If you are a fan of clear symmetrical compositions, regular geometric shapes and order in life and in nature, perhaps a regular style in landscape design is your option.
It should be noted that a regular garden will require large plot, on which you can create compositions that can demonstrate the beauty of this style.
Characteristic features and features of a regular garden
Axial compositions are very popular. They, as a rule, are formed around the central axis - alleys, paths. Often in the center of the axis there is a water object - a pond or a fountain. On both sides of the central axis, symmetrical compositions are formed - lawns and flower beds of the correct form, alleys and alleys with bushes and trees with trimmed crowns.
An example of an axial composition in a small area. On both sides of the central path there are geometrically correct symmetrical lawns, on which plants are planted in rows, the trees on the site are located in a special symmetry, forming an interesting combination.
Bosquet is an integral part of a regular park. A bosquet is a group of shrubs or trees planted in a certain way. Plants trimmed in a special way can form something like a green gazebo or room, a curtain that hides visitors from prying eyes, imitate various geometric shapes or even some architectural forms - arches, columns, turrets.
There are two types of bosquets:
- the so-called office, where plants are planted around the perimeter;
- artificial grove is a group ornamental shrubs or trees that are planted on the lawn:
An example of an office in a regular park - trimmed bushes form green wall, in the niches of which arches are located, statues are installed. In the center of the office symmetrical composition in the form of a flower bed. In your garden, you can also make a similar curtain of shrubs and lawn, forming a cozy corner.
A small artificial grove, for the creation of which you can use and ornamental plants in tubs
A regular garden is unthinkable without neat lawns of the correct form, it is they who in many ways give such a garden a formal and noble appearance.
The history of gardening art goes back hundreds of years. Already in the 16th century, gardeners created magnificent regular gardens and parks that surrounded the imperial palaces. In many ways, this style has remained unsurpassed, and today it surprises with clarity, elegance, luxury and nobility of lines.
Of course, it is not possible to create a real regular park in a relatively small area, but some characteristic elements can be used - a symmetrical planting of plants on geometrically regular lawns located along the central alley, or several paths radiating in straight lines from a pond or flower bed.
Two examples of the formation of a composition around the central path: 1) with the help of an arch and symmetrically arranged shrubs; 2) with the help of a central flower bed and a gravel path framing it
You can plant flowers in the flower beds in such a way that they form ridges. Rabatka is an elongated rectangular flower garden, where various flowers planted in a certain order, forming beautiful patterns. Such a flower bed will look great on the sides or between garden paths.
Planted flowers in a special way form beautiful patterns on the flower bed and lawns, making them look like a colorful carpet
The regular style of the garden also involves the use of sculptures or sculptural decorations in antique style. For example, if the central alley in your garden is quite wide and long, it will be decorated with two statues located at the beginning of the alley opposite each other. You can use vases on pedestals, or one large vase in the middle of the central flower bed.
Classical sculptures are the decoration of a regular park, they complement the composition, look picturesque against the backdrop of luxurious greenery
And also, in a classic regular park there is always top point from where you can see the stalls - lawns, flower beds, trees planted in a certain order. This garden is especially beautiful from a height. In a private house, such a point can be a balcony.
We offer you to watch an interesting video
The regular garden style has a long history. It originated in France in the 17th century and was used in gardening art to create parks and gardens at palaces and castles. Such a garden requires large and even areas, and creating it is a very costly and expensive business. money, and by the investment in its device of human labor and time.
But also on small areas it is quite possible to use individual elements of this style. For example, this form of landscaping is suitable for decorating the main entrance to a beautiful mansion. Note that it should be combined with the style of the building itself, and, for example, is completely unacceptable for a wooden log house, no matter how large it may be.
All elements of such a garden are made in the form of geometric shapes and have clear and regular contours. Alleys must be present.
If there is a gazebo in the garden, then it is desirable to use forged metal or wooden carved decorative elements in its design.
The same fragments will be appropriate as part of the fences. Another option is a cast fence, made in a strict classical manner.
Garden parterre in regular style
A garden made in a regular style always has one obligatory element called "parterre". It is a single ceremonial composition, consisting of flower beds, lawns and ponds. This is the face of the garden. A fountain or sculpture can also be placed here.
The real front parterre occupies a large space, and the entire composition can only be seen from the windows of the upper floor of the house. But the simplest stalls today are often performed next to many private houses and cottages - this is a well-groomed lawn of the correct form, limited around the perimeter by a border or flower beds.
One of the essential elements of the stalls are flower beds. They can be located separately or surround a sculptural group, a fountain or a large flowerpot, representing a rather complex composition and intricate shape.
Water
If there is a reservoir in the composition of a regular garden, then it must have a regular shape. geometric figure. A large reservoir may consist of several levels, made in the form of steps.
Hedges
A garden, decorated in a regular style, cannot do without hedges. They should always be neatly trimmed, as they are made in the form of clear geometric patterns.
A haircut can create arches and turrets, and even “offices” closed from prying eyes. These green walls make real labyrinths.
What plants are used in a regular style
In such a garden, as a rule, plants are used that have decorative foliage. Another criterion is the maximum long term flowering.
Trees that can be cut into interesting shapes primarily include privet, boxwood, barberry, yew, thuja and juniper. However, do not get carried away with a wide variety of plantings - it is enough to use two to three species in compositions.
When creating flower beds for these gardens, the severity of the form is important. And for such a garden, arabesques are characteristic - flower beds consisting of undersized plants. It may be bright subulate phloxes, lobelia, coleus or ageratum.