What are tees for water. Types and features of water tees. Connection to the sewer riser

There are several ways to connect an additional pipeline to an existing sewer pipe. The choice of method depends on the specific circumstances of the connection.

Insertion into a horizontal sewer pipeline

The most common situation: it is necessary to connect an additional plumbing fixture to a plastic sewer pipe with a diameter of 50 mm.

In this case, it is still more reasonable to disassemble the sewer pipe. And insert a tee at the connection point. Work is performed in the following sequence:

The result is a one-piece stationary pipeline with a connection for a new plumbing fixture.
The only thing is that it is recommended to select an oblique tee (with an acute angle - an angle in the direction of fluid movement), in order to reduce the likelihood of clogging.

But there are situations when it is impossible to disassemble the pipe or it is necessary to crash into a cast-iron pipe, which, by its appearance, seems to say that it is better not to touch it ...

Then the tie-in into the sewer pipe will help out by drilling a hole in it according to the diameter of the connected branch.
A fitting is used at the connection point, which is called an adapter. It is a cap with a branch for a connected pipe. Attracted at the connection point with clamps.
It is selected according to two parameters: - the diameter of the pipeline to which it is connected and the diameter of the connected pipe.

In general, a tie-in kit is not difficult to purchase in a store.

But the adapter can only connect a pipeline whose diameter is two times smaller than that of the pipe into which the tie-in is made. It is also important that the connection to horizontal pipe done only from above or with a deviation of up to 45 degrees from the vertical. This is important, since the inserted pipe should not interfere with the drains.

Tapping into the sewer pipeline using an adapter is carried out in the following order.

• The pipe at the connection point is cleaned and dried to at least the width of the adapter.
• A hole is drilled in the pipe according to the diameter of the connection. For example, for a 50 mm pipe, it can only be 22 mm and no more. For pipe 110 mm - maximum diameter of the connected pipe can be already 50 mm. A core drill is used for drilling.
• The adapter is covered with sealant and fixed to the pipe with clamps. It is important not to damage the plastic pipe when tightening!
• A rubber cuff-adapter and a connected pipeline are inserted into the outlet branch pipe of the adapter.

Connection to the sewer riser

Insert in sewer riser can also be done different ways.
Usually the riser has a diameter of 110 mm (plastic pipes). If a smaller diameter pipe is connected, for example 50 or 40 mm, then the adapter already described can be used.

But you need to remember that if the riser is passing, i.e. Since there is a drain from the upper floors, it is undesirable for the protruding parts of the incoming pipe to be in the riser. Otherwise, this place will become a collection of debris falling from the top. Or even a blockage in the pipe, if a rag falls on top of the protruding pipe ...

Otherwise, the insert into the riser of a pipe 50 or 40 mm in diameter does not differ from the above technology using an adapter.
It is only important to determine the tie-in point so that the connected pipeline has the desired slope.

But if a pipeline of the same diameter (110mm) is supposed to be inserted, then the situation becomes complicated. But solvable. Then the connection to the riser is made in this way: a piece of the riser is cut out and two fittings are inserted in its place - a tee and a compensator.

• A tee (if a pair of pipelines is connected, then a cross) is needed for connection. It is selected according to diameters - passing 110 mm and branch 110 mm? or 50 mm?.
• Compensator. It looks like a piece of pipe with a transitional diameter. With a wide part, it is put on the riser from the bottom up. Then it goes down the riser and is inserted into the tee with a narrow part. Thus, it allows you to re-dock the riser together.

Precise calculations must be made before installing the tee and compensator.
The main thing is to determine the height of the tee. After installation, its outlet must be at a given height level to ensure the necessary slope of the pipeline connected to it. This takes into account the length of the riser, which will enter the lower socket of the tee.
This determines the lower mark along which the riser will be cut.

Then the top mark is determined. The cut length of the riser must be equal to (or slightly longer than) the length of the compensator so that it can be brought under the riser. The length of the compensator is added to the lower mark, and the upper mark is obtained.

Before starting work, do the following:

• Prevent draining down the riser during repairs. This must be ensured by any means - by bypassing neighbors, if any, or by setting up armed posts ...
• Prepare rags and water for cleaning.
• Clean and dry the riser at the venue repair work.

Work on connecting to the sewer riser is performed in the following order:

That's actually all. It remains to fix the riser to the wall with clamps if its fastening has been destroyed.
But it is still not recommended to take on cutting out part of the riser, if you have not dealt with sewage and pipes before. It is better to entrust it to professionals.

First of all, plastic pipelines are good because you need to mess with their installation and installation many times less than if you used metal products.

Where in working with steel you can not do without a welder and welding machine, plastic can be assembled by hand. Moreover, the quality of the connection will not only be no worse than welded, but sometimes even better.

Is this not an indicator of the effectiveness and benefits of using plastic pipes and fittings? With the growing popularity of plastic pipes, a whole group of manufacturers has formed, supplying the market with fittings of the most various types and forms. All of them are designed to make life easier for a person.

In this article we will talk about such an important fitting as a tee. We will analyze its varieties, scope and installation methods.

Article content

Properties of polymer fittings

To begin with, we outline the main directions plastic products. Both the sphere of production of pipes and fittings for them are taken into account. After all, according to by and large, it's all the same.

The golden rule of plumbers says that the material of the fitting must clearly match the material of the pipe and nothing else. This applies to both metals and polymer products.

With metals, the matter is understandable - constant contact differing from each other according to the formula metal products sooner or later leads to the destruction or oxidation of the latter. What oxidizes faster does not matter, in any case, the tightness of the connection will remain at risk.

With plastic, things are different. It does not oxidize, but it does not have the same strength as steel or aluminum. Where one type of polymer succeeds, another will fail.

For example, polypropylene can withstand media temperatures up to + 90 degrees, while polyvinyl chloride has a working limit of +50 degrees. Let us boil water according to the system - it is not a fact that both materials will react in the same way.

In construction, for the production of pipes and fittings, they most often use:

• polypropylene;
• polyethylene (high or low pressure).

Each type of plastic affects the final properties of the pipe. So, polypropylene rightly takes first place in all respects. It is the most durable, reliable, works with a wide temperature range, does not age, goes well with reinforcement.

Pipes from it are great for internal systems water supply and heating.

Polyvinyl chloride or PVC is softer than polypropylene and cheaper. Withstands media temperatures up to + 50 degrees (but there are exceptions, depending on production process and various kinds additives)

We will focus on it in more detail. PVC is mainly used to form sewer pipes.

Polyethylene products - the cheapest, are divided into high-density polyethylene (medium strength, good temperature regime) and low pressure ( highest strength, poor temperature). Both options are also used primarily for the manufacture of sewer pipes.

Appointment of tees

Exist great amount, and they all perform their own tasks. Some connect pipes in a straight line, others allow you to assemble the pipeline at angles, with transitions to another plane, etc.

Without fittings, pipes would have to be bent by hand, joined by welding, in general, spending more time on this process than it deserves.

Tee for PVC pipes- a fitting, the benefits of which are difficult to overestimate. Its task is to.

Imagine that you have at home a wiring of sewer pipes suitable for a single riser. And it is necessary to bring another pipe to the riser, in a completely unexpected place. How to do it without a tee? Very difficult.

You have to crash into the pipe, use drills, etc. Not only is it not very convenient, but also the quality of the tie-in will suffer significantly. In essence, you form a potential dangerous area pipes.

Another thing is the installation of a tee. A tee is a fitting in the form of a part of a pipe, with a side outlet. Mount the tee in the riser at the desired level, and all you have to do is simply connect to its outlet.

If your sewer clogs with enviable regularity, then somewhere the builders did not guess with the angle of inclination, rotation and tie-in into the pipe.

Accordingly, PVC tees are distinguished:

• straight;
• oblique;
• equal passage;
• multipass.

A straight tee is the most common and common. Consists of a pipe section and a 90 degree outlet.

Inclined forms an outlet from 30 to 55 degrees, that is, it allows you to connect the sewer at an angle. For tapping into a riser apartment building – the best way. The last two groups differ only from each other. And the differences in them relate to the diameters of the pipes.

An equal tee has the same diameter on all holes. That is, the diameter of the target pipe and the outlet of the tee is equal to the same number.

The multipass sample has different diameters. In it, for example, the pipe diameter will be 50 mm, and the diameter of the tee outlet will be 30 mm. Multi-pass models are ideal for installation on a sewer riser. After all, the cross section of the riser pipe, as a rule, is much larger than the cross section of the side sewer pipe from the apartment.

Types of PVC tees (video)

Installation

Tees are installed, as we have already noted, mainly in the process of assembling the sewer pipe. Any other scenario implies an extra waste of energy and resources, which is not good.

Mount tees in two ways:

1. Socket connections;
2. With glue.

Socket mounting is standard practice for sewer products. And PVC tees are no exception. A flare is the outermost expanded part of a pipe or fitting. One of the edges of the product is formed with an increased diameter. The difference is about 2-3 cm, but this is enough.

Inside the socket, rubber seals are glued at the factory. Mounting such fittings is the same as assembling a designer. The pipe is simply inserted into the socket of the previous one, and so on along the chain. If necessary, the connection is additionally coated with sealants and.

Working with glue is a little more difficult, but more interesting. Builders also often choose socket types of sewer pipe connections, only as the main PVC products.

They coat the edges of the pipe with it, then stick it into the socket and leave it for a while. In a few hours, the glue will set and harden, and the pipes will no longer be disassembled.

The last described method is called cold welding, because chemical composition The adhesive first melts the plastic it comes into contact with, and then, when the reaction slows down, it provokes solidification. The plastic itself after processing becomes monolithic, as if it were connected by welding.

The technology of tapping into the pipeline depends on the type of pipeline material. And since municipal water pipes are assembled from galvanized, cast iron or polymer pipes, for completeness of information we will have to consider not one, but three tie-in technologies at once. So, let's begin.

If in the construction of a communal highway they used polymer reinforcement, then the tie-in to the water supply under pressure will be implemented as follows:

The drill is inserted into the pipe only through the shut-off valve, which is closed after the “breakthrough” of the pipe body and removal cutting tool. In this case, drilling is carried out using a special nozzle that ensures the tightness of the joint. And in some models of electric-welded saddles, a cutter crown is built into the bends, which is rotated with an external collar or adjustable wrench.

• In the final, it remains only to bring the pipe of the external branch of the water supply into the trench, connecting it to the shut-off valve using a compression coupling.

Well, if you wish, you can build a viewing well at the installation site. To do this, you need to deepen the bottom of the pit, forming a sand and gravel cushion on it, on which the mine rings are lowered (the first one with walls cut under the pipe). If desired, the pillow can be strengthened with a 10-centimeter pour of M150 or M200 grade concrete. The head of the well with a hatch should go to the zero level of the soil. This design will facilitate the repair of home plumbing. After all, the owner will have the opportunity to block the system not only with the help of a central valve located in the house.

Tapping into a cast-iron water pipe is carried out a little differently. After all metal pipe much harder than polymer, but the plasticity of this material leaves much to be desired - cast iron can burst at any time. Therefore, when arranging the tie-in, the following technique is used:

For drilling a hole in cast iron pipe a special crown with carbide cutting inserts is used. Cast iron cannot be cut with other tools.

• Finally, the crown is removed from the valve and the water flow is blocked. Installation of the external branch of the domestic water supply, extending from the saddle to the meter, is carried out according to standard rules.

The arrangement of a manhole over the tie-in is desirable, but not necessary.

In terms of ring stiffness, steel pipes are not inferior to cast iron fittings. But steel is a more ductile iron-carbon alloy than cast iron. Therefore, when inserting into steel pipe can be used original technologies, which are similar to the methods of joining polymer pipes. As a result, the technique for arranging a tie-in into a steel pipeline is as follows:

• The pipe is dug up, cleaned of rust and prepared for welding.
• Next, a threaded or flanged branch pipe made of “main” fittings is welded (butt) onto the pipe body. However, for the branch pipe, you can choose any kind of tubular steel from structural steel.

After welding, the seam is checked for leaks by smearing it with kerosene from the inside and outlining it with chalk from the outside. Oil stains on outer surface indicate defects in the tightness of the joint.

In addition, it should be noted that the slope of the outer branch and, accordingly, the branch pipe of the saddle should be 2 degrees towards the house. And after assembling the external branch, before installing the water meter, it must be checked for leaks. Burying a trench from the tie-in to the house is possible only after a successful check of the tightness of the pipeline.

Insertion into household plumbing inside the house

With the help of a tie-in, we can equip a branch from the main home water supply line, with which you can connect additional source consumption or irrigation system.

If the water supply is powered from a well, then a tie-in into the pipe can be arranged anywhere. With main water supply, the tie-in can only be installed behind the water consumption meter.

At the same time, the technology for arranging the “internal” tie-in is somewhat different from the method described above. After all, the pressure in the internal network can be turned off at any time by simply blocking the central shut-off valve. Therefore, for the tie-in in this case, you need a regular tee, and the work itself is implemented in the following way:

Installation of a new line is carried out with a running water supply. After all, the outlet of the tee is blocked by a separate shut-off valve.

Summing up

As you can see: pipe insertion is not very difficult. True, the technique of welding installation of a pipe to a steel water supply system is available only to professionals. But the installation of saddles on a polymer or cast iron pipeline will not cause difficulties even for an unprepared home master.

As a result, you can embed home plumbing to the main line even with their own hands. Just do not forget to get permission from utilities and other regulatory organizations. Otherwise, your tie-in will be cut off as an illegal connection, and all your efforts will be in vain.

Whatever pipeline you run, most often you have to use tie-ins into it for more comfortable use. In this case, a tee (fitting) made of polymer or metal helps, which is able to correctly arrange the junction of its branches. The article will be devoted to this particular element, without which it is difficult to imagine the supply or removal of water.

Types of tees

It is better to classify products according to the type of material from which they are made. Even Alternative option- the installation method, in overwhelming cases, is based on this.

You can also combine the two sorting methods to have an idea of ​​the entire assortment of these connectors:

Additional way

There is also another popular classification method that takes into account the working dimensions of the tee:

• throughput;
• threaded;
• average diameter.

But, it depends on the diameters of the pipelines and the relevant standards. The topic is quite extensive, so it will not be covered in our article.

Mounting

Below we consider general recommendations process when installing fittings on pressure or non-pressure pipelines, which have a specific set of rules. Otherwise, the result of your work will be deplorable not only for you, but also for the neighbors down the riser.

1. When installing a tee with adhesive, choose the position of the pipeline relative to the fitting within the first two seconds after they are aligned. Do not move or rotate the knot after that, and if you are not sure of your abilities, use the guides.

Tip: when connecting a polymer tee with polymer pipe with your own hands, on the last mark the depth of its insertion.
Otherwise, you may block fluid access to the node.

1. When assembling a metal pipeline, pre-prepare the material for spurs and threaded ends. It is not recommended in this case to save fum-tape, the price of which is negligible, and always use a lock nut, winding several turns of the seal between it and the end of the fitting before tightening it.
2. Install detachable connections, including collet and threaded, in well-accessible places.

Tip: when installing plastic or metal pipe tees in hard-to-reach areas, use welding or press fittings (as a last resort).

Sewerage

Thanks to modern materials, the installation of waste systems has become much more convenient and easier. Tees for sewer pipes made of plastic simplify the task of manufacturing any scheme-project in private houses of different heights as much as possible. In this case, you do not need to use sophisticated equipment or special tools.

In this case, 3 types of tees are used that perform their special functions:

1. To connect vertical risers to horizontal pipelines, options with angles of 87 ° or 90 ° are used.
2. When creating horizontal branches, products with an angle of 45 ° are used.
3. A coupling with an additional hole for repair work is called a revision. The third hole is twisted with a special cover, which gives access to the pipeline.

As experience shows, this is quite enough to create sewer networks of any complexity in a private house. Therefore, you should always rely on this type of connection.

Conclusion

From the article, it became clear that for the supply of water to the building and its removal from it, plumbing and sewer systems having in their structure different kind tees. They can be made of metal or plastic and are selected depending on the type of pipeline. The video in this article will help you find Additional information on this topic.

When arranging a water supply network, it is often necessary to change the direction of its laying or connect additional branches. A special fitting - a water tee - helps to do this. Just like the pipes themselves, it can be made from different materials. We will understand the features and purpose of this product.

This product has three ends with holes. Two of them, located on the same line, mate with the main pipeline. A branch placed perpendicular to them serves to connect a branch of the water supply network.

Inside buildings, elements with a diameter of:

• 40 mm;
• 20 mm (three quarters of an inch);
• 15 mm (half inch).

Fittings can connect parts of the water supply of the same or different diameter(for example, a riser and a branch to the apartment). Based on this, manufacturers produce products that differ in the diameter of the holes. According to this parameter, there are such types of tees for water supply:

• equal passage analogues: they have the same section of all sides;
• transition elements have two ends of identical diameter and one hole of a different size;
• for combined parts, the ends may differ in cross section (they also have one external thread and two internal).

According to the connection method, there are such types of products:

• elements with external thread;
• parts with internal thread;
• fittings with union nut;
• products with welded interface;
• analogues with a combined connection.

metal fittings

The most commonly used metal tees. They are used not only for domestic water supply networks, but also for industrial ones.

Most often, metal fittings are produced by casting, for this they use:

• copper;
• brass;
• bronze;
• steel: stainless, galvanized, nickel-plated, carbon, alloyed;
• cast iron.

Steel products can be threaded or welded.

In addition to casting, the following methods are used in the manufacture of metal fittings:

• hot stamping;
• welding workpieces;
• hydraulic stamping.

As blanks, seamless or electrowelded pipes. In the production of products, cutting (cutting workpieces) and trimming machines are used.

Production takes place in two stages. First, a piece of metal of a given size is prepared on a cutting unit. Then a fitting is made from it using one of the above methods.

The most commonly used method is stamping. Blanks are made from solid sheets, so this method is the most economical. At industrial production fittings are made by hot stamping, because it is advantageous in the manufacture a large number fittings. The hydroforming method is mainly used in small industries.

Important! The main advantage of metal tees is their high level strength. They can withstand high pressure in the water supply network.

You should not save on the quality of the fittings. The reliability and service life of the water supply depends on this. When choosing fittings, one should take into account what external and internal loads (network pressure) will affect the water supply system. Their duration must also be taken into account.

Tees for plastic and metal-plastic pipes

In a separate category, it is worth highlighting a tee for water pipes made of plastic or metal-plastic. According to the connection method, tees are divided into:

• threaded fittings;
• welded (a special soldering iron is used) elements;
• collet (crimp) elements;
• segment details;
• press sleeve fittings;
• combined counterparts.

According to the material of manufacture, fittings for plastic pipes can be:

• metal;
• plastic;
• composite.

Plastic tees, including collet and welded ones, are made from polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride.

Important! Their main advantage is inertness to the transported resource and the environment. Thereby plastic tees can be used up to 50 years.

Composite fittings are made of HDPE (low pressure polyethylene), inside which are steel, brass or bronze bushings. Such fittings are most often used for interfacing plastic and metal pipelines. On the side intended for the metal network, the fittings are equipped with a corresponding threaded bushing. End connected to plastic pipe, welded or crimped. This allows you to include control and measuring devices, such as pressure gauges, in the network.

Faucet fittings

Modern dwellings are often equipped with dishwashers and washing machines. To connect them, a water tee with a tap is required.

Such a fitting most often consists of:

• nickel-plated brass body;
• ball valve;
• handles, in most cases it is plastic;
• rubber or teflon sealing rings;
• stock;
• union nut.

Used household tee to connect washing machine to plumbing, and other household appliances consuming water.

The element is connected with clamping nut, by the method of choke pairing. In this case, the faucet can be installed in a position suitable for the user. Specifications:

• fittings withstand the temperature of the transported resource from -10 to +95º;
• the element is intended for use in water networks with a pressure of not more than 8 bar;
• the turning angle of the faucet handle is 90º;
• the mass of the element is approximately 100 g;
• the cross section of the holes can be 15 or 20 mm;
• threaded connections are external or internal;
• product life 4000 cycles.

Water tees can be made from different materials and are designed for different types of pipes. They can also be connected to the pipeline in a variety of ways. Thanks to this, it is possible to choose parts for a network of any configuration and design.