Production of painting works. Surface painting technology with non-aqueous compounds Partial lubrication of surfaces

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)

SURFACE TREATMENT FOR COLORING WITH WATER AND NON-WATER COMPOSITIONS. PARTIAL GREASE OF SURFACES

1 AREA OF USE

Typical routing designed for painting work, surface treatment for painting with water and not water compositions(partial lubrication of surfaces).

grease- this is the process of filling with putty compounds (lubricating pastes) preliminarily primed, widened by cutting slots in wooden structures, cracks in plaster and individual damaged areas in concrete structures. Lubrication is done manually or with steel spatulas.

Painting works consist of several operations, the number and nature of which depend on the type of painting of the used paint composition and on the material of the surface to be painted (substrate). First, operations are performed to prepare the surfaces to be painted, then priming (prooling), puttying, grinding, second priming and painting. At large volumes works perform a complex of operations, selecting the color of paint compositions. Execution sequence painting works for various conditions production is indicated in the ENiR and in the SNiP.

Painting works

A. Composition of technological operations

The building codes establish three types of paints in terms of quality: simple, improved and high-quality, and a list of technological operations that must be performed so that the corresponding paint meets the sanitary, technical or aesthetic requirements imposed on it.

The use of foreign-made paints and varnishes, characterized by high technological and operational qualities does not contradict the technology adopted by us, regarding the reduced composition of operations in their technological sequence, but it gives a real opportunity to significantly improve the quality of painting work and reduce the time for their implementation. To do this, it is necessary to study the composition of technological operations and select necessary materials according to their purpose and properties, using the information contained in this handbook and manufacturer's instructions.

Table 1.1

Technological operations performed in the preparation and painting of indoor surfaces with oil, enamel and synthetic paints

	Type of coloring
Technological operations		improved and highly quality		improved and highly quality		improved and highly quality
	on wood	for plaster and concrete	for metal
1. Cleaning
2. Smoothing surfaces
3. Cutting out knots and resins with grouting
4. Jointing of cracks
5. Priming (pro-oiling)
6. Partial grease polished greased
7. Priming of greased places
8. Solid putty
9. Sanding
10. Priming
11. Flattening
12. Sanding
13. First coloring
14. Flattening
15. Sanding
16. Second coloring
17. Flanging or trimming

Table 1.2

Technological operations performed in the preparation and painting of external surfaces

Technological	Paint compositions
operations	silicate	lime and cement	emulsion synthetic	vinyl	oiled and enameled	cement and viscous cement
1. Cleaning
2. Stitching
3. Lubrication
4. Sanding
5. Puttying
6. Sanding
7. Wetting
8. Priming
9. First coloring
10. Second coloring

Note: 1. With high-quality surface painting, solid putty is added, followed by polishing.

2. The “+” sign indicates the processes, the implementation of which is mandatory.

B. Surface preparation and treatment technology

1. Cleaning

Cleaning - removing dust, splashes and streaks of mortar from the surface with metal spatulas, scrapers, steel brushes, rags or mechanized way. The same operations include the drying of individual damp places, the elimination of grease stains, efflorescence, rust, scale.

To remove oily stains, the surfaces are washed with a 5% solution of trisodium phosphate (washing powder) or soda ash by diluting them in water with a temperature of 30-40°C. After 0.5 - 1 hour, the surface is neutralized with a 5% hydrochloric acid solution.

When resinous substances appear on the plastered surface, the plaster is completely replaced.

Oil stains are removed with burnt magnesia paste mixed with gasoline, toluene or benzene.

Oil stains are removed with a paste consisting of two parts fluff lime and one part pumice powder (by weight).

Stains of non-drying oils are removed with oily clay applied to the stain with a layer of 3-4 mm. After drying, the clay is scraped off and the surface is washed.

Efflorescence is removed with metal brushes, the surface is washed with a weak solution of hydrochloric acid (5%), followed by rinsing clean water and drying.

When repairing and restoring surfaces previously painted with chalk, adhesive, casein compounds, they are pre-moistened with water and scraped off; the covering layer of plaster is rubbed again lime mortar on fine sand and after drying, primed with a composition recommended for a new color.

In case of large damage or contamination of the plaster, it is advisable to replace it completely.

When repairing and restoring surfaces previously painted with oil, synthetic or enamel compounds lagging layers should be removed. If the old paint holds firmly, it is not scraped off, but cleaned with sandpaper. Contaminated surfaces are washed with warm soapy water, and in case of significant contamination - with solvents (turpentine, kerosene, white spirit, gasoline). Oil paint is also removed chemically using pastes that soften the old paint layer, which is then easily scraped off.

The composition of the pastes:

Lime dough - 0.5 kg, sifted chalk - 0.5 kg, caustic soda (20% solution);

Sifted chalk - 0.5 kg, asbestos dust - 0.5 kg, caustic soda (20% solution).

The softened layer is scraped off with scrapers or spatulas, then washed with a 2% solution. acetic acid, then - with clean water, wipe with a rag and dry.

2. Surface smoothing.

With the end of a tree, a piece of flaky stone (sandstone of hard rock) or sand-lime brick, roughness is eliminated and splashes of mortar are cleaned when preparing new plastered surfaces.

3. Cutting knots and resins with jointing of cracks.

Cutting is done with carpentry tools. Cracks are embroidered with a metal spatula.

4. Jointing (cutting) cracks.

Jointing is carried out with a knife or a steel spatula to a depth of at least 2 mm for filling with putty. After smoothing and jointing cracks, the surface is carefully dedusted.

5. Priming (pro-oiling).

The cleaned and dust-free surface is primed to level and reduce its porosity, harden the surface layer of the base, improve adhesion with subsequent layers (putty, paint) and reduce the overall consumption of paint. To perform these functions, the primer must penetrate deep into the pores of the base and therefore must be thinner and more plastic than the paint that will be used in subsequent paint layers. The primer composition is selected in accordance with the binder of the coloring composition, most often a diluted coloring composition is used. Usually, manufacturers producing paint formulations recommend appropriate primers for them.

6. Partial greasing with grinding of lubricated places.

Embroidered and primed cracks, potholes, irregularities are filled with grease, and more often putties using metal or rubber spatulas.

First, the cracks are filled with transverse movements of the spatula, then the applied layer is leveled with the movements of the spatula along the cracks, achieving an even and smooth surface.

After the putty dries, it is sanded.

7. Priming of greased places.

Sanded places are dedusted and primed with the same primer that was used to prime the entire surface.

8. Solid putty.

It is produced with improved and high-quality painting of surfaces for leveling roughness and irregularities on plastered, wooden, concrete and other surfaces. It is applied with spatulas with metal, plastic or rubber blades, depending on the nature of the surface and the degree of preparation of the substrate.

If the irregularities cannot be eliminated with one continuous putty, the continuous putty is repeated (after grinding).

9. Sanding solid putty.

It is produced after complete drying and hardening of the putty layer with the help of devices into which sanding paper is attached. The dust formed after grinding is removed by sweeping and using vacuum cleaners.

10. Surface priming after solid putty.

The putty layer must be primed, since it, like the base, is quite porous.

11. Flattening the surface.

Flattening the surface primed with a brush is carried out immediately after applying the primer to small plot until the primer has soaked into the putty layer. Produced with a flat brush with a long and soft hair(brush flutz) to remove traces of a hard handbrake or flywheel brush. Flaking is not carried out when applying the primer with rollers or spray guns.

12. Grinding of the entire primed surface after it has dried.

It is produced with a fine sandpaper to remove individual protruding irregularities from accidental inclusions that have fallen into the primer, dust particles, etc., and to create some surface roughness for better adhesion with the subsequent paint layer.

13. First coloring.

It is produced after the completion of the entire complex of technological operations for the preparation and processing of the surface for painting.

14. Flattening (see item 11).

15. Grinding (see item 12).

16. Second coloring.

Completes the application of preparatory and painting layers. If all the previous operations were performed with high quality, then after the first painting the surface looks so good that there is no need for a second painting, which, nevertheless, is provided for by the standards.

17. Flattening or trimming.

The performance of these operations is purely decorative purpose. Trimming is done with a trimming brush, the hair of which is fixed in the handle not along its axis, like with all other brushes, but perpendicularly. Striking such a brush with the ends of the hair on a cleanly painted surface achieves its uniform roughness and achieves the effect of silky dullness. Flaking enhances the gloss of oil-resin paints to a mirror finish. Flattening is possible only when using paints with a sufficiently long drying time, comparable to oil paints and the like. Flattening and facing are not done when using quick-drying paints and paints that give a matte texture when dried.

IMPROVED OIL PAINT OF WINDOW AND DOOR UNITS

Partial lubrication and grinding of lubricated areas

Performers

Painter II category - 1.

Steel spatula - 3;

A box for putty measuring 300x200x150 mm - 1;

Inventory step-ladder - 1;

Clip for attaching bream or pumice stone - 1;

Wooden block for fastening the sandpaper - 1.

Sequence of operations

Window and door blocks should be delivered to the objects pro-oiled, with cut and patched branches and resins.

By the beginning of painting work, window frames must be glazed in all rooms, wooden structures smoothly sharpened and carefully fitted at the joints. The moisture content of wood should not exceed 12%.

Painting work begins after the completion of all general construction and special works, with the exception of parquet flooring, linoleum stickers and lacing open electrical wiring.

Partial lubrication and grinding of lubricated areas is performed in the following order:

Fill with putty defective places on the block;

After drying, the greased places are polished with sandpaper or pumice.

At a height of more than 2 m from the floor, they work from a ladder-ladder.

Partial greasing (trowel, stepladder, putty box; Fig. 1, 2). Partial lubrication is carried out with steel spatulas. The size of the spatula is chosen depending on the size and shape of the places to be smeared. Profiled parts are greased with a universal spatula. The painter greases the cracks with a thick putty, moving the spatula first across the crack, and then along it.

Grinding greased places (ladder-ladder, holder for bream, block for sanding skin; fig. 3). Grinding is performed with a pumice stone or sandpaper until the surface is smoothed and roughness and sagging are completely removed. The painter polishes the clip or pad in a circular motion. He polishes profiled surfaces with sandpaper without pads.

PAINTING OF CEILINGS WITH PUTTY WITH POLYMER-CEMENT COMPOSITION

Jointing of cracks and partial lubrication of the surface of ceilings

Performers

Painter III category (M1) - 1;

Painter II category (M2) - 1.

Tool, fixtures, inventory

Spatula with a steel blade 30 cm wide - 2;

Spatula steel narrow - 2;

Table-scaffolding 1400x1000x800 mm in size - 2;

Bucket for putty - 3.

Sequence of operations

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully check the quality of the plaster of all ceilings to be treated, as well as prepare and deliver to workplace tools, inventory and ready putty.

The composition of the putty should not include components that chemically affect subsequent layers (priming, coloring).

Work should be carried out in strict compliance with the safety and labor protection rules for workers in accordance with SNiP.

Operations for jointing cracks and partial lubrication of the surface of the ceilings are performed in the following order:

Install scaffold tables at the workplace;

Lay materials and tools on them;

Expand cracks and lubricate individual places.

Fig.4. Workplace organization:

M1, M2 - jobs for painters; 1 - scaffolding tables; 2 - direction of work

Jointing of cracks and lubrication of individual places (wide and narrow spatulas; Fig. 5, 6). Jointing cracks painters produce in two movements. Resting with one hand on the ceiling, with the other hand, the painter embroiders a crack in the plaster with a narrow spatula to a depth of about 2 mm. In this case, the plane of the spatula should be inclined to the right at an angle of approximately 60 ° to the ceiling surface. When moving again, the plane of the spatula is tilted to the left.

Then, with his left hand, the painter picks up putty with a narrow spatula and puts it on a wide spatula, which he holds in right hand. Leaning against the ceiling with your left hand, and pressing the blade with your right wide spatula to the ceiling surface at an angle of 30 °, the painter leads it forward, applying the putty composition to the ceiling surface. Cracks are smeared and the applied layer is leveled by moving a narrow spatula across and along the crack. In the course of work, the painters rearrange their scaffolding tables.

OIL PAINTING OF BOARD FLOORS

Partial greasing of floors with grinding and pro-oiling of lubricated areas

Performers

Painter II category - 1.

Tool, fixtures, inventory

Steel spatula for lubrication of individual places - 1;

Spatula universal with rubber insert - 1;

Handbrake brush for oiling greased places - 1;

Wooden block for fastening the sanding skin - 1;

Putty box 300x200x150 mm in size with - 1;

Bucket for drying oil - 1.

Sequence of operations

Before starting work, you must:

Cut off sagging and transverse joints, remove burrs and roughness from the floor;

Sew all the boards to the joists with nails;

Clean the floors from dust and dirt, dry and proliferate them;

Deliver materials and tools to the workplace;

To warm the room for the period of work in cold weather.

Work should be carried out in strict compliance with the safety and labor protection rules for workers in accordance with SNiP.

Operations for partial lubrication, grinding and pro-oiling of the lubricated places of plank priests are performed in the following order: the damaged places are lubricated, then they are dried, polished and dried.

Lubrication of damages on the floor surface with putty (trowels, putty box; Fig. 7). Perpendicular to the crack (pothole) movements of the spatula, the painter fills it with thick putty, if possible, to the entire depth of the crack. Then, by moving the spatula along the damaged areas, it levels the putty layer flush with the floor surface and smoothes it rubber spatula.

Grinding greased places (block with sandpaper; Fig. 8). The painter grinds the dried greased places with a sandpaper fixed in a block. He performs grinding with circular movements of the block until the greased surface is completely smoothed.

Drying oiled and polished places (handbrake brush, bucket with drying oil). The painter cleans the polished surface with a rag, and then, by moving the handbrake brush to the right and left, they oil the greased and polished places.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

Partial lubrication of surfaces

Scope of work

Preparation of lubricating pastes and partial greasing for leveling small potholes, cracks, places for removing knots and resins and other small defects on concrete, plaster, wood and metal surfaces.

Grinding greased areas with pumice stone or sanding paper with dust removal.

Proolifka polished and dusted greased areas with a brush or roller.

Work technology. Prior to lubrication of cracks, potholes, surface irregularities, it is necessary to make sure that the previous operations have been completed in full and with high quality. The surfaces to be treated must be clean (without dust, dirt, mortar streaks), dry with embroidered cracks. Previously, the surfaces are primed (for water-based paints) or drying oil (for oil paints).

Lubrication paste is selected in accordance with the surface material (concrete, plaster, wood, metal) and the type of color (lime, adhesive, oil).

The compositions are applied with rubber, wooden or metal spatulas on a dried primer or drying oil.

Cracks and bumps in the ceilings and the top of the wall are greased with universal or two-height folding tables. The composition is applied with mutually perpendicular movements of the spatula, first across and then along the crack.

With partial lubrication of the wall surface, the painter supports the handle of the spatula from below with two fingers, and presses it tightly against the wall surface with the index and middle fingers. Moving the spatula with a herringbone with a slight pressure on the canvas, he applies the lubricating paste. In this case, the angle between the plane of the spatula and the surface of the wall is about 30°.

Lubrication of damages on the floor surface is performed by movements of the spatula perpendicular to the crack (pothole), filling it with a thick paste, if possible, to the entire depth of the crack. Then, by moving the spatula along the damaged area, level the layer of paste (putty) flush with the floor surface and smooth it with a rubber spatula.

The treated areas are primed or dried with a fly brush or a hand brush.

If shrinkage cracks are found on the primed or oiled greased places, a secondary oiling of these places is done, followed by grinding, cleaning and pro-oiling or priming.

Compositions and methods of preparation of lubricant pastes

Gypsummelic lubricating paste under lime and glue paint.Compound, kg: gypsum binder - 1; ground chalk - 2; animal glue (2% solution) - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. Gypsum binder is thoroughly mixed with chalk, and then closed with a 2% water-adhesive solution to a working viscosity.

Note. The paste does not require pre-priming. Instead, the areas to be smeared are lightly moistened with water.

Lime-gypsum-sand lubricating paste for lime paint.Compound, kg: lime dough - 1; gypsum binder - 0.4; fine or ground sand - 3; water - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. Lime dough is diluted with water and mixed with sand. The gypsum binder is diluted with milk of lime and poured into the solution, stirring vigorously.

Gypsummel lubricating paste on a primer for adhesive paint.Compound, kg: gypsum binder - 1; ground chalk - 2; vitriol primer or on alumina - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. Gypsum binder is mixed with chalk, closed with a primer. The mixture is stirred until smooth.

When preparing gypsum lubricating paste, it must be remembered that the gypsum binder sets quickly and therefore the dry mixture of gypsum binder with chalk is closed not with pure water, but with water with a setting retarder, usually animal glue. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the procedure for preparing compositions with a gypsum binder, in which water is first poured into a container or into a mixer, and then, while mixing the composition, a dry gypsum-melt mixture is gradually poured. When changing the sequence, an evenly moistened paste will not work - lumps are formed that cannot be stirred.

Lubricating paste for oil paints.Compound, kg: drying oil - 1; animal glue (10% solution) - 0.1 l; ground chalk - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. A solution of animal glue is introduced into drying oil with vigorous stirring. Chalk is gradually added to the resulting emulsion in separate portions until a paste of working density is formed. Ready composition passed through a paint mill.

Lacquer base paste.Compound, kg: putty varnish - 1; animal glue (10% solution) - 0.1; ground chalk - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. An aqueous solution of glue is introduced into the varnish and thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous mass is formed, then chalk is added, bringing the composition to a working viscosity.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUALITY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

quality requirements. Partial lubrication should be carried out after quality control of the primed surface and only with a special lubricating paste or putty that stands out in color on the primer layer.

Cracks on the surface of structures must be filled with paste or putty to a depth of at least 2 mm, and shells and irregularities must be filled and smoothed.

Compositions and methods of preparation of putties

1. Adhesive putty on the primer composition.Compound, l: primer composition (2) or (3) - 10; animal glue (10% solution) - 1.5; ground chalk - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. The components are mixed and ground on a paint grinder.

2. Adhesive putty.Compound, kg: animal glue (tiled) - 1.25; laundry soap(40% solution) - 0.62; drying oil oxol - 0.62; ground chalk -64.5 ... 69.5; water - 25 ... 30 l.

Cooking method. The pre-soaked glue is boiled until completely dissolved, then soap and drying oil are added, mixed and the composition is brought to the state of an emulsion. The emulsion is diluted with water, ground chalk is added and the composition is ground on a paint grinder.

3. Polymer adhesive putty.Compound, kg: PVA dispersion - 0.6 ... 0.8; aqueous solution of CMC (5%) - 2; laundry soap (10% solution) - 1; ground chalk - 6.2 ... 6.4.

Cooking method. Solutions of CMC glue and soap are mixed in a mixer. The PVA dispersion is poured in and, while stirring the composition, chalk is added. The resulting mass is ground on a paint grinder.

4. Lime-gypsum putty.Compound, kg: lime dough - 1.5; gypsum binder - 1; water - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. The lime dough is diluted with water, the gypsum binder is sieved and mixed with water (until the density of sour cream). The components are mixed and mixed on the paint grinder.

5. silicate putty.Compound: liquid potassium glass (density 1.15 ... 1.18 g / cm3) - 10 kg; ground chalk - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. Liquid glass is diluted with water to the required density, chalk is added, mixed and the composition is ground on a paint grater.

6. Casein putty.Compound, kg.: white casein paint - 10; ground chalk - 6; liquid soap- 0.2 ... 0.3; drying oil - 0.5; water - 6 l.

Cooking method. Casein paint is diluted hot water and filter through a vibrating sieve. With rapid stirring, drying oil and soap are added, then chalk is added and the composition is passed through the paint grinder.

7. Oil-free latex non-rotting putty (BNSh).Compound, kg: ground chalk (moisture content 6 ... 8%) - 10; latex SKS-65GO grade B - 0.07; CMC glue - 0.02; laundry soap (40% solution) - 0.04; water - 0.2.

Cooking method. Latex is mixed with pre-prepared solutions of glue and soap. Chalk is added to the mixture with constant stirring until a homogeneous mass of working consistency is obtained.

8. Oil putty.Compound, kg: drying oil oxol - 1.8; turpentine or desiccant - 0.08; skin or bone glue (10% solution) - 0.2; laundry soap (40% solution) - 0.08; ground chalk (moisture content 3%) - 7.04.

Cooking method. A desiccant, a solution of soap and adhesive solution. Chalk is added in portions until the composition of the working consistency is obtained; the mass is ground on a paint grinder.

9. Oil-emulsion putty.Compound, kg: drying oil - 1; animal glue (10% solution) - 2.5; solvent - 1; lime milk - 0.3; ground chalk - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. Drying oil is diluted with turpentine or white spirit and poured into the emulsifier. Milk of lime (2 kg of lime dough per 10 liters of water) is mixed with an adhesive solution and the resulting mixture is introduced into drying oil. Chalk is added with constant stirring. The composition is ground on a paint grinder.

Lubrication is recommended to be performed with the following putties: casein putty (6) - under casein paint; oil-emulsion (9) - under emulsion paint; silicate (5) - for silicate, cement, polymer cement paint, as well as OKS putty, polymer cement - for any color and for wallpapering and alum-adhesive - for adhesive coloring or wallpapering.

In addition to putties prepared at the workplace, factory-made putties (see Table 4.1) are used to level primed metal and wooden surfaces for enamel coatings.

On finished surfaces, all defects (potholes, cut cracks, cut knots, resins, etc.) must be repaired with a lubricating paste or putty corresponding to the surface material and type of coating. After drying, these places should be sanded, cleaned of dust, primed or oiled.

Materials must be accompanied by a quality document, which must indicate:

Name of the manufacturer and its trademark;

Name, brand and color of the material;

Net weight;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Standard designation;

Test results and confirmation of compliance of materials with the requirements of standards;

Type of packaging and number of packaging units in a batch;

Instructions for special properties material (fire and explosion hazard, toxicity).

Materials and semi-finished products used for painting work should be checked in laboratory conditions for viscosity, adhesion, consistency in all cases of doubt in their quality (violation of the integrity of the package, unclear marking, non-compliance of storage conditions with the requirements of GOST and TU). The viscosity of the paint compositions must be such that the paint composition is applied to the surface without sagging.

Putties used for leveling and preparing the surface for painting should be a homogeneous non-separating mass, have a consistency corresponding to 12 cm of a standard cone draft when mechanically and 6-8 cm when manually applied to the surface to be treated, have the property of strong adhesion to base surfaces (1 kg/cm after 24 hours), do not shrink when dried and do not form cracks.

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

Tools, inventory, materials.

Painting spatulas type ШД-45, ШД-95, ШМ-180.

Wooden spatulas with a blade width of 120 and 200 mm.

Device for grinding surfaces.

Block for sanding paper.

Flywheel type KM-60.

Handbrake type KR-26, KR-35, etc.

Folding two-height and universal tables (Fig. 10).

Protective goggles and respirators.

Grinding material, drying oil, as well as materials corresponding to the prepared compositions.

Fig.10. Inventory tables:

a - folding two-height, b - universal; 1 - stands, 2 - stairs, 3 - shift shield, 4 - articulated connection, 5 - fixed struts

Table 4.1

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL PUTTY

		Drying time to degree 3 at (20±2) °С, h	Solvent
	Red-brown		White Spirit; turpentine
			Thinner R4 or R-5
	Red-brown		Thinner No. 645 or No. 646
	Red-brown		Solvent R-4 or R-5

Table 4.2

Compositions for adhesive coloring

Composition number and name		Method of preparation and application
1. Lubricating paste	Animal glue (10% solution) - 1.5 l, vitriol or alum primer - 10 l, a mixture of 2 hours of chalk and 1 hour of gypsum - until a paste is formed	Prepare a 10% solution of animal glue. Separately, they make up an alum or vitriol primer. An adhesive solution is introduced into the primer, and then a mixture of gypsum and chalk, previously sifted. The paste is passed through a paint grinder. Apply by hand with a spatula
2. Animal-adhesive putty on a primer	Animal glue (10% solution) - 1.5 kg, alum or vitriol primer - 10 l, chalk - up to working density	The primer is prepared in the same way as compositions No. 1 and 2. A 10% adhesive solution is introduced into the primer, chalk sifted on a vibrating screen is added until a paste of working density is formed. The composition is passed through the paint grinder. The composition is applied with a mechanical spatula designed by M.V. Rumyanova
3. Vegetable adhesive putty	Alum primer - 2.0 l, paste - 3 l, chalk - up to working density	Prepare an alum primer according to recipe No. 1. To prepare a paste, dissolve 1 kg of starch, dextrin or flour dust in 1.5 liters of water, after which the solution is brewed with boiling water until a paste is formed. The paste is poured into the alum primer and chalk is added to the working density. The putty is passed through the paint grinder; applied with a spray gun or "rod"
4. The same gypsum adhesive for lubrication of dry seams gypsum plaster	Paint glue (15% solution) - 2.7 l, drying oil - 0.05 kg, sifted gypsum - 7.3 kg	Drying oil is poured into the adhesive solution, and then sifted gypsum is gradually added with vigorous stirring. Putty is applied manually with a spatula
	Vitriol soil - 2.7 l, drying oil - 0.4 l, chalk - 7.3 kg	Sifted gypsum is gradually mixed into the vitriol soil; putty is applied manually, with a spatula
6. Putty (for greasing nail heads)	Paint glue - (15% solution) - 2.3 l, drying oil - 0.4 l, chalk - 7.3 kg	Methods of preparation and application are the same as for composition No. 10

5. ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY REGULATIONS

Safety engineering. When carrying out work on partial lubrication of surfaces, a necessary condition for labor safety is compliance with safety regulations when arranging scaffolding means and working on them.

In the process of lubrication of surfaces, priming and oiling of lubricated areas, the necessary protective measures against splashing of materials must be taken.

When sanding lubricated surfaces, make sure that the room is well ventilated. Wear safety goggles and respirators while working.

Persons employed in work with paints, adhesives, enamels and solvents containing benzene are subject to a preliminary special medical examination before employment, and then regularly every 6 months. they must undergo a medical examination.

Persons under 18 years of age, pregnant women and nursing mothers are not allowed to work with paints and varnishes containing toxic substances. Persons admitted to painting work, in which they apply paints and varnishes with the content of benzene, lead compounds and other toxic substances, must be trained, have a certificate of admission to painting work, must work in respirators or gas masks, undergo industrial safety training, in which it is necessary to explain:

harmful production factors and the nature of their effect on the body;

rules for the use of protective equipment (respirators, gas masks, glasses, ointments, etc.);

rules of personal hygiene;

rules for providing first aid to victims.

The painter must know and carry out:

technological instructions for the production of work;

equipment maintenance instructions;

fire safety instruction;

safety rules for painting work.

The painter is prohibited from:

work on faulty equipment;

work with a faulty or inactive ventilation system;

work with faulty process-control devices (pressure gauges, thermometers, electrical measuring instruments, etc.);

independently repair the electrical part of the equipment;

store paint and varnish materials at the workplace in an amount exceeding the shift requirement;

store empty containers from under paints and varnishes;

when inspecting containers from under paints and varnishes, illuminate their inner surface with matches or portable lamps without safety nets;

clean equipment and structures with solvents not intended for this purpose;

wash hands and; wash overalls with solvents;

eat and store outerwear in rooms where painting works are carried out;

apply varnishes, paints, adhesives, solvents and thinners in the absence of passport data;

smoke in the workplace and walk with an open flame near flammable liquids and materials;

to work without overalls and protective equipment, as well as in rooms where there is no ventilation and where work is performed related to the heating of products and sparking (welding, tool sharpening or grinding with abrasive wheels).

The following operations pose the greatest danger in painting work:

preparation of paint compositions;

preparation of surfaces for painting;

work with materials and compositions containing harmful substances.

In accordance with the PTB, the premises where paints and varnishes are stored and painting work is carried out must be fire-resistant, have access directly to the street, be equipped with a supply and exhaust ventilation, and electric lighting and mechanisms must be explosion-proof. The preparation of paint compositions refers to work with increased danger and harmfulness. When preparing paint compositions, preparing surfaces for painting and performing painting work, workers are provided with personal protective equipment against exposure harmful substances and dust. The zone of action of the sandblasting apparatus is especially carefully fenced. Sandblasting machine operators are provided with LG-2 pneumosuits. Table 5.1 shows personal protective equipment for painters and auxiliary workers when painting metal structures and products.

Table 5.1

Personal protective equipment for painters when painting metal structures

Name of protective agent	Name cartridge or filter	Harmful substances (separately or in a mixture) against which protection is provided	Maximum allowable concentrations of harmful substances exceeding the norm, not more than
Universal respirator RU-60M		Aerosols and organic vapors: gasoline, ethyl chloride, acetone, benzene
		Aerosols and acid gases
		Aerosols, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide
		Aerosols and mercury vapor
Anti-gas respirator RPG-67		Organic vapors, gasoline, kerosene, alcohols, ether, aniline, carbon disulfide
		Acid gases, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride
		Mercury vapor
Respirator	Replaceable filter (efficiency-300 h)	Dust, oil mist, water vapor and oil	Any concentration
Breathing machine for painters and welders		Gases released when welding, solvents (xylene, toluene, solvent, etc.)
Helmet MIOT-49 for respiratory protection during sandblasting	Forced supply of filtered air. The helmet consists of a frame, cape, air distributor, hose and filter

INSTRUCTIONS

on occupational health and safety for a construction painter

This instruction on labor protection applies to a construction painter engaged in painting, pasting and repairing surfaces of buildings and structures under construction and repaired (reconstructed) using paints and varnishes.

I. General requirements labor protection

Persons not younger than 18 years of age are allowed to perform painting and wallpaper work, as well as prepare paint compositions.

The painter should remember that due to non-compliance with the requirements set forth in the instructions for labor protection, daily routine, PTE and PTB, dangers may arise during painting work;

Electric shock;

Poisoning with vapors of paints;

Falls from a height;

Fires in paintwork materials.

The workplace must be organized in accordance with the maps of labor processes, kept clean.

The condition of scaffolding, cradles and towers must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-91, GOST 26887-86, GOST 27321-87, GOST 27372-87.

Electrical wiring and equipment in enclosed spaces must be arranged in a safe manner.

Posters and inscriptions on safety are placed in dangerous places and zones.

The painter must:

Perform only the work that is assigned to him by the work manager;

Smoke and use open flames only in designated areas.

II. Safety requirements before starting work

The painter must:

Receive a safety briefing from the work manager in case of a change in the type of work and working conditions, to understand the task;

Put on and put in order overalls and personal protective equipment;

Inspect the workplace, remove unnecessary items, clear the aisles;

Check the health of the tool;

If necessary, turn on ventilation and lighting;

When using a power tool - make sure that the electrical equipment, cables, grounding, hose connections for supply compressed air, test it at idle;

Check readiness paint and varnish compositions to use.

III. Safety requirements during work

The painter must:

Do not block aisles and workspaces building materials, container;

Use only ready-made colors. It is forbidden to add solvents, desiccants, etc. to paints and enamels at the workplace;

Avoid electrical and gas welding works, breeding open fire near the workplace;

Feed a tool that has sharp and piercing surfaces so that the working receiving tool can take it by the handle.

When working at height:

Store tools and containers after taking measures to prevent their spontaneous fall;

Use tested safety belts;

Go down only on ladders or capital stairs;

When performing work in stairwells, use special scaffolding;

Clean the surface with a serviceable tool and using individual means protection;

Apply kuzbaslak on the surface only with brushes;

When painting roofs in hot sunny weather, protect your head from overheating;

When removing old nabelov indoors, moisten the surface with water, work should be done with glasses.

It is PROHIBITED for a painter to:

Work without overalls and personal protective equipment;

Work with faulty equipment and tools;

Work with faulty and insufficient lighting;

Do not approach or stand under the lifted load;

Wedging racks of scaffolding and scaffolding with scraps of boards, bricks and other non-standard fixtures and materials;

Disassemble scaffolding and scaffolding using the collapse method;

Carry out work at unenclosed workplaces at a height of more than 1 m above the ground;

Smoking and carrying out work related to the use of fire in the area of ​​application of nitro-paints and other flammable compounds;

Use an open flame when inspecting containers for paints, mastics and solvents.

IV. Safety requirements at the end of work

The painter must:

Tidy up the workplace;

Disconnect mechanisms and electrified tools from the network;

Wash and hand over to the warehouse removable equipment and tools;

Remove mechanisms from scaffolds and scaffolding.

V. Requirements for the behavior of the worker in the event of a dangerous situation

An emergency situation may arise due to:

Exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of solvent vapors and dust;

Excess load on forests;

Short circuits and fires of current-carrying cables;

Ignition of solvent vapors;

Power cuts.

The painter must:

Immediately signal the danger;

Take measures to prevent an accident and leave the danger zone;

Notify the work manager;

If necessary, provide first aid to the injured.

6. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Table 6.1

Norms of time and output for work on partial greasing and oiling of lubricated surfaces

The performer is a painter of the 2nd category.

Surface to be machined	Norm for partial greasing	Norm for pro-oiling of greased surfaces
		workings		workings
Plastered, wood and concrete surfaces
wooden
plastered and concrete
wooden
plastered and concrete
Wooden windows
wooden doors
Wooden floors
metal surfaces
Large surfaces (except roofs)
Corbels, window drains, beams, pipes with a diameter of more than 50 mm, etc.
Lattices, window casings, pipes with a diameter of less than 50 mm, flush cisterns etc.
Heating appliances

Time norms, man-hours, for the preparation of 100 kg of putty in various ways:

semi-mechanized - 1.2

manual - 2.5

The norm of time for the preparation of 100 kg of emulsion type VM in a semi-mechanized way by a link of two painters of the 4th and 2nd categories is 0.73 man-hours.

Electronic text of the document

prepared by CJSC "Kodeks" and verified according to

materials provided by Demyanov A.A.

Painting of previously painted surfaces, carried out with repair work, has some features related mainly to the preparation of surfaces for painting. To obtain good results, it is necessary to paint the surface with the same compositions with which this surface was painted before. Do not paint surfaces previously painted with lime compositions with adhesive compositions, it is also better to refrain from painting surfaces previously painted with oil paint with silicate paints, etc.
Basic condition successful work when painting previously painted surfaces, it is the correct preparation of these surfaces for painting. It is impossible to paint on old nabel, especially if they have not been cleaned several times, as a result of which thick layers of such nabel have accumulated on the surface, which, moreover, usually do not adhere well to the surface. Old patches must be removed. Only when repairing a previously painted surface with thin, firmly adhering to the surface, the latter can not be removed. In this case, rinse the surface to remove dust and dirt.
To do this, cracks are cut, the surface is cleaned of dust and dirt, and it is washed with water with a fly brush or maklovitsa. After the surface has dried, cracks and other minor defects are smeared and primed as if on new plaster.
To remove old plaques, the surface is abundantly moistened with hot water and after a while the soaked paint is cleaned with a steel spatula or a scraper mounted on a long handle. The cleaned surface is thoroughly washed with water.
Nabela casein and silicate paints pre-moistened with a 2-3% hydrochloric acid solution, under the influence of which the chalk swells, which greatly simplifies the removal of these nabel.
If the plaster does not adhere well to the surface, such plaster is removed when cleaning the whitewash. Durable plaster is repaired and rubbed. This work is usually done by plasterers. On frayed plaster, preparation is carried out as on a new one.
When painting surfaces with a lime composition, after cleaning the whitewash and washing the surface, one or two priming is performed, and then the composition is applied.
With adhesive painting, in addition to cleaning old whitewash and washing, it is best to also perform a continuous grinding of the surface, and then prepare as for new plaster. Special requirements apply to the preparation of previously painted surfaces that will be painted with casein or silicate compounds.
These paints adhere very poorly to surfaces with remnants of old whitewash, and on fragile plaster. Therefore, in these cases, the old nabel should be removed completely up to the plaster layer and the surface should be thoroughly rinsed after removing the nabel.
All weak spots in the plaster must be removed and the plaster repaired as already indicated. Large seals are made with lime mortar, and small defects are corrected with casein putty.
It is best to clean the surfaces to the plaster layer, first with a scraper, and then with a steel brush to completely remove old nabel and only then rinse the surface with water. After that, the usual preparation of surfaces for painting should be carried out.
When finishing previously painted surfaces, the painter often has to deal with very high contamination and the presence of various kinds spots on surfaces. Any contamination is removed along with whitewash. In this case, the nabel must be removed, regardless of its thickness and type of color.
Heavily smoked plaster is washed with a 3% solution of hydrochloric acid, and then frayed.
Rust spots on the surface of the plaster are usually formed due to wetting of the plaster, as a result of which various coloring substances dissolved in water come out on the surface of the plaster.
In these cases, first of all, it is necessary to establish and eliminate the causes of moisture. Then you should dry the wet places and only then proceed to the destruction of the stains.
There are several ways to remove stains. The easiest way is to prime the spots with "grass". Sometimes the stain can be drowned out with a strong “soap maker”. Sometimes there are areas of plaster affected by resinous substances, which is most often observed near chimneys. It is usually not possible to remove such stains and it is necessary to beat off the plaster and replace it with a new one, which, however, also does not always lead to the desired results, since the new plaster is soon impregnated with the substances contained in the masonry. It is recommended in this case to seal such areas of plaster with thin sheets of foil, and then primed.
Stain removal is the most critical part of the preparation of previously painted surfaces. As a result, in order to obtain good results when painting, it is necessary to carry out these works especially carefully and correctly.

Literature used: V. P. Ivanov. "Painting, wallpaper and glass work", M., 1958

Popular Articles

Ceiling - home decoration

Water paint walls

Aqueous compositions, like lime, are prepared on cement, lime, emulsions such as MB, animal, casein or silicate glue. They paint plastered, concrete, brick or wooden surfaces. By quality, water colorings can be divided into simple, improved and high quality.

Preparing a new plastered wall for painting

Work begins with cleaning the walls from dust, dirt, splashes and streaks of mortar, removing various stains. Then the surface is smoothed over the entire area of ​​the wall, removing traces of grout, individual irregularities and protruding grains of sand. The surface of the wall is smoothed with circular movements. Large splashes of the solution are removed with a metal spatula. Small cracks are eliminated by wet grinding of surfaces with a wooden grater. To do this, simultaneously with grinding, the surface is moistened with water.

Large cracks, mechanical damage to the plaster (potholes) are greased. For better filling of cracks with a lubricant composition, they are cut (embroidered) with a metal spatula or a plaster knife to a depth of 2-3 mm at an angle of 40-45 °.
In order for the lubricant composition to better hold in the crack, it must be moistened with water, and with an improved adhesive color, the entire surface should be primed with a specially prepared primer composition.

Then the grease is applied with a metal spatula, moving it first at an acute angle to the direction of the cracks.
The final leveling of the layer and the removal of excess lubrication mass must be carried out by moving along the crack. After drying, the smeared places are ground with a pumice stone or fine-grained sandpaper, and then the entire surface is primed. The primer composition is used depending on the type of surface and the accepted color.

If you paint the surface of the wall without a preliminary primer, then in those places where it is more porous (in places of lubrication), the paint is absorbed more and matte spots form on the surface, which will stand out sharply against the general color background of the wall.

Lime primers applied to well-moistened surfaces using manual or electric spray guns. Do not wet the wet surface.

silicate primers applied to durable, well-prepared wall surfaces with foam rollers or paint sprayers.

Primer for adhesive paints cooked on blue vitriol, alum or alumina. For applying primers (except vitriol) to the surface of the wall, paint sprayers are used.
During secondary priming for improved adhesive coloring, 6-7 kg of chalk is introduced into the composition of vitriol or alum soil for every 10 liters of it. The second primer is applied in the same way as the first.
High-quality colorings are carried out only with glue and casein formulations.

Casein primer before use, it is necessary to filter and apply to the surface using a paint sprayer.

Cement compositions used for painting surfaces with high porosity.

Before applying the primer (first coloring), first prepare in the usual way surface and abundantly moisten it with water to a moisture content of 37-40%. The primer is applied immediately after the droplet liquid water disappears from the surface. To apply the cement primer, spray guns or spray guns with a nozzle diameter of at least 2.5 mm can be used. However, it is better to use a stiff brush when applying the primer.

When painting internal surfaces waterborne emulsion paints the surface is prepared in the same way as for ordinary water-based paints.

When preparing the surface of the walls for painting modern paints chalk must be thoroughly washed off. Before whitewashing with chalk or lime, vitriol is used.
When painting over oil primer, the surface must be puttied with a putty corresponding to the type of paint.
Emulsion primers usually applied with a roller or spray gun.

For small volumes of work, primers can be applied manually with matting or fly brushes. In this case, a layer of primer is applied to the walls with vertical movements of the brush, followed by shading it in the horizontal direction, with a final shading in the transverse direction.
For high-quality painting, it is recommended to make two continuous fillers with grinding and dust removal after applying each layer of putty. The total thickness of the putty layer should not exceed 1.5 mm.

The first layer of putty is applied manually over the dried surface with a spatula, holding it at an angle of 10-15° to the surface. The putty strip applied in one movement is smoothed out by repeated movement of the spatula, perpendicular to the first.
Best for applying putty steel spatula . At the same time, a putty strip 40-50 cm wide and 1.5-2 m long is applied in one movement of the spatula. To apply liquid putty, you can use a fly brush, followed by leveling the composition with a rubber spatula. When leveling, the spatula is moved in a direction perpendicular to the brush strokes.

Putties applied mechanically are immediately leveled with a rubber trowel or a spatula with a rubber blade - in two mutually perpendicular directions.
After complete drying, the putty layer must be sanded with pumice stone or sandpaper until a smooth surface is obtained. Then the surface is wiped from dust with a rag or a dry flat brush, after which it is primed a second time. After drying, the surface is ground and primed for the third time with a composition that includes chalk and those pigments whose color will prevail in the color of the wall surface.

Preparing old wall surfaces

If the painting was done many times, then a thick paint layer is formed on the surface - nabel to be removed. A small weak nabel is simply washed off with water using a bast brush or fly brush. For 1-2 hours before the start of work, strong adhesive deposits are moistened with hot water, and then removed using metal spatulas or scrapers. Durable casein, silicate, and also adhesive nabes are moistened with a 2-3% hydrochloric acid solution and cleaned off after softening. After removing the whitewash, the entire surface is thoroughly washed with water and rubbed with a wooden grater.

Preparation of wood and stone walls

Before lime painting, the wooden surfaces of the walls are cleaned, moistened with water and primed. When painting brick and concrete surfaces with lime and silicate compositions, the walls are pre-cleaned and primed with the appropriate composition: for lime painting - with lime soil, for silicate - with silicate.

Elimination of defects in the preparation of walls

The surface to be painted may be heavily soiled, with greasy or rusty spots, soot stains, etc. If the stains are not removed from the surface before painting, they will show through the layer of paint film.
Grease spots non-drying mineral oils and soot stains are washed with a 5% solution of soda ash. To prepare such a solution, 400-500 g of soda is dissolved in a bucket of water. Soot stains can also be removed with a 2-3% hydrochloric acid solution.

Rusty water stains are washed with a 2-3% hydrochloric acid solution. After drying, the surface is primed with grass - 10-15% solution blue vitriol. If the spots are large and appear on the surface, they can be covered with rosin varnish or quick-drying white enamel paint.

Walls to be painted with non-aqueous compounds

Non-aqueous formulations include oil, varnish and enamel formulations.
Oil and enamel compositions cover plastered, wooden and metal surfaces, and varnishes only wood and metal. In terms of quality, non-aqueous paints, with the exception of paints for metal, are divided into simple, improved and high-quality ones.

Preparation of plastered walls

Smoothing the surface of the plaster and cutting cracks is done in the same way as in preparation for water-based paints. The surface is then oiled.
The pro-oiling of the surface is carried out using paint sprayers, and for small amounts of work - manually with brushes, shading the composition in an even layer so that there are no gaps. After the surface has dried, the damaged areas are smeared with paste for oil painting. Putty the surface with oil, varnish or oil-emulsion putty. Putty compositions are applied using the same methods and tools as for water-based paints.

After grinding and cleaning from dust, the surface is primed. With improved and high quality colorings the primer layer is fluted, i.e., shaded and leveled with dry fluting, and after drying, polished with a fine sandpaper.

Preparation of wooden surfaces

The compositions for painting and the methods of their application remain the same as for the preparation of plastered surfaces for oil painting. In order for the drying oil to soak the wood well during pro-oiling, it is recommended to warm it up a little.
Some defects in the wood must be removed with a chisel, scraper or sanding before the surface is pro-oiled.

Troubleshooting in preparation for non-aqueous stains

Removal of rust, grease and other stains from surfaces is carried out in the same way as with water-based paints. Wall surfaces previously painted with oil paint, but contaminated during prolonged use, are washed with hot water and soap or soda.
Three methods are used to remove the old oil film: mechanical, thermal and chemical.
mechanically the film is removed with metal spatulas, scrapers or chisels. However, this can damage the outer covering layer of the plaster. This method is used for all surfaces except wood.

thermal method It consists in the fact that the paint is heated with hot air to such a temperature that it begins to swell and peel off. For this purpose, building hair dryers are used. Cooling quickly, the paint becomes hard again, so it must be cleaned off directly in a stream of hot air, using a metal scraper with a wooden handle.
Working with building hair dryer requires caution. First of all, its nozzle, which is very hot, can be seriously burned. Work should be in glasses, protecting all parts of the body. Need to follow the rules fire safety. Heated - the paint emits toxic gases, so it is impossible to work with a hair dryer indoors.

chemical method It consists in the fact that a chemically aggressive mixture is applied to the paint, which is absorbed into it and destroys it. As a rule, the paint also swells and softens. Removing it does not require much physical effort. In this case, liquid mixtures are used, sold under the name "wash for old paint».
Flaw chemical method- the surface is impregnated with alkali, so it has to be washed with a 1% solution of hydrochloric or acetic acid. This method is applicable only for plastered and wooden surfaces.

Compositions for removing old paints and varnishes

"Unikrongel" - wash to remove coatings. Provides excellent flushing action - no more than 20 minutes for one layer of paintwork.
Used to remove old paint and varnish coatings from metal, wood, concrete and plastered surfaces.
To remove the old paintwork, a carefully mixed wash is applied in an even layer on the surface to be cleaned with an area of ​​​​not more than 0.5 m2 and left in this form for 10-20 minutes. After complete softening and peeling of the old coating, it is removed from the surface with a spatula and the cleaned surface is thoroughly wiped.
Work is carried out at a temperature environment 10-30°C.

Composition of AFT-1 used to remove old oily nitrocellulose paints. After loosening or swelling of the old paintwork, it is removed with a brush or spatula, then the surface is wiped with a highly volatile solvent.

Alkaline means "Vivaklin" ("Vivackean") used for cleaning interior and exterior surfaces before painting. It can be used to clean previously painted surfaces from dirt, grease, oil, wax. Water is used as a solvent.

"Rapidone" ("Rapidone") - jelly-like water-washable product for removing old paintwork from wood, metal, stone or glass surfaces.
For application use a brush or brush. After peeling, the paint is removed with a metal spatula, then the surface is washed warm water. The solvent is water.

Composition of SP-7 serves to remove old paint coatings, enamels VL-515, ML-165, AK-194, MS-3 and putty EP-0010, as well as the old complex coating, consisting of an electrophoretic primer VKF-O92, synthetic enamels such as ML-12, ML-197, epoxy primer EP-0228.

The number and sequence of operations for painting with aqueous compositions depend on the type of surface, the paint composition and the requirements for the quality of the painted surface. Technological operations performed during the preparation and painting of indoor surfaces with aqueous compositions are given in the table.

Technological operations	Coloring
	adhesive			calcareous		silicate	emulsion
	simple	improved	high quality	for plaster and concrete	wood and brick
Surface cleaning
First priming
Filling cracks and shells
Sanding greased areas
The first solid putty
grinding
Second full filler
grinding
Second primer
Third primer with highlight
Coloring

Note. Sign " + » indicate the operations performed, and the sign « - ” indicates that this operation is not in progress.

Coloring with adhesives begin only after the last layer of the primer has dried, no later than 24 hours after its application. In this case, the coloring compositions are applied twice. For manual painting, brushes, fly brushes and rollers with covers made of foam rubber or sponge rubber are used.

To paint the ceiling use formulations with a smaller amount of glue. Ceilings are usually painted in two steps. The first staining is done with brushes, while the movement of the brush should correspond to the direction of the light falling from the window (Fig. 1). When the first layer dries, the surface is covered with a second thin layer color from the spray gun.

Figure 1. Direction of painting surfaces

When painting the surface with a hand spray gun(Fig. 2) the work is carried out by two painters: one directly paints, and the second injects the coloring composition into the spray gun bottle. The cylinder holds 3 liters of paint composition. Two sleeves are connected to the spray gun cylinder - pressure and suction, as well as a fishing rod with a nozzle. Before starting work, it is necessary to check the tightness of the connections. The suction hose is lowered into a container with a paint composition. The cylinder itself contains a plunger pump and two ball valves. When the pump handle is lifted, a pressure difference is created in the container and the paint container, which allows the suction valve to open. The paint composition through the filter and the suction hose enters the cylinder. When the pump handle is lowered, the suction valve closes and the discharge valve opens. The paint composition under pressure begins to flow into the discharge sleeve, and then into the rod to the nozzle. When you press the rod tap lever, the paint composition flies out of the nozzle with force and is sprayed over the surface in the form of a torch.

Figure 2. Manual spray gun SO-20B: 1 - balloon; 2 - fishing rod; 3 - nozzle; 4 - plunger pump handle; 5 - discharge sleeve; 6 - crane lever; 7 - filter with suction sleeve

When working with a fishing rod, you must observe correct distance between the nozzle and the surface to be painted (Fig. 3). If the nozzle is too far away, the paint will run down the surface, and if it is too close, it will bounce off the surface, which will lead to an overuse of the paint composition.

Walls they are painted with brushes and rollers in two steps, but first, at the ceiling, the upper border of staining with a color tint is beaten off with a lace.

Figure 3. The position of the nozzle relative to the surface to be painted: a - the correct position of the fishing rod; b - a position that causes paint streaks; c - position causing paint rebound

When working with fly brushes, the surface is painted in two stages: painting - with horizontal movements; shading - vertical movements. Coloring with maklovitsa does not require transverse shading, and the coloring composition is applied with vertical up and down movements. At the same time, high rooms are painted using the “brush to brush” method (Fig. 4), so that the joints of the painted areas do not have time to dry out and are invisible on the surface.

Figure 4. Painting surfaces with a brush-brush using the brush-to-brush method

Coloring with lime compositions it will turn out strong if the lime has time to carbonize, i.e. the calcium oxide hydrate, which is part of the lime paint, will turn into crystalline calcium carbonate. This requires a moist environment. Therefore, it is better to paint with lime compositions wet surfaces that are not exposed to sun rays and dry wind.

Lime paint is applied with an airbrush or fly brushes. At the same time, the methods of work when painting walls and ceilings are the same as when painting with adhesives.

Painting with silicate compounds produce with a roller or brush 10 ... 12 hours after applying the primer. Paint with a monochromatic coating is applied in one or two layers. The second layer is applied after 10 ... 12 hours. If it is necessary to apply a drawing, then a rubber roller is used. In this case, the paint is applied 1-2 hours after the first staining.

The methods of working with a brush and roller are the same as for painting with adhesives.

Painting with water-based compositions is carried out on clean, dry, well-prepared, primed surfaces.

For applying water-based paints, brushes and rollers are used. Brushes paint on the wall surface with vertical strokes at a distance of 5 ... 7 cm from each other. Shade the paint over the surface with horizontal and vertical movements.

Before painting the entire surface with a roller, paint corners and other hard-to-reach places (near baseboards, at the border of painting) with a handbrake brush. When painting, the roller is moved in vertical movements from top to bottom, overlapping the painting grips by 2...3 cm.

Water-based paints of high viscosity are applied in one layer, and less viscous paints - in two layers. The second layer is applied only after the first has completely dried.