Ammonium nitrate for raspberries. Feeding raspberries in August and autumn after harvest and pruning. soil for raspberries

To receive good harvest Raspberries need to be fed throughout the season. What fertilizers to apply for raspberries depends on the condition of the soil, the age of the plant and the season. If in spring and early summer for berry bushes some top dressing is needed, then at the end of summer and autumn they need other fertilizers. Therefore, in order not to be left without a harvest of delicious berries next year, you need to know how to feed raspberries in August after harvesting and in the fall after pruning or transplanting.

In August or in the first half of September, after all the berries are harvested, it is best to bring under the bushes natural fertilizers and organics.

It is imperative to feed raspberries after harvesting, since it is in August - September that flower buds of the next year are laid on the berries.

The following procedures should be carried out beforehand:

1. clear the soil under shrubs from fallen leaves, weeds and mulch. All residues must be burned, as they can be infected with various diseases and pest larvae.
2. Digging up the earth between rows to a depth of up to 20 cm, and between the bushes themselves - about 8 cm. Raspberries have superficial roots, so you can’t dig the soil deep.
3. Cut from bushes damaged and diseased shoots.
4. Cleaned up and redone the earth is being watered 30-40 liters of water for each bush. If the plants are young, the water consumption is reduced by 2 times. Watering the plants before fertilizing is necessary so that the fertilizer does not burn the roots.

What fertilizer to apply

For raspberries, compost or rotted manure is applied once every 3-4 years. On each square meter of raspberries, 4 kg of organic matter is scattered. If only bird droppings are available, then it is used with caution and only in the form of a solution (for 1 part of the droppings - 20 parts of water).

If in the next 3 years you have already applied humus or manure, then this season use other fertilizers to feed raspberries in August:

1. Neutralize the acidity of the soil, and feed the plants with potassium with wood ash(for one bush - half a glass of ash).
2. Can be used as organic infusion, which is prepared within two weeks. Previously, the barrel is filled with mowed grass, to which 3 crushed crayons, 300 grams of manure and 300 grams of wood ash are added. Water is poured into the barrel to the very top. The fermented infusion is diluted with water 1:20 and each bush is watered with 3 liters of nutrient fertilizer.
3. In August, it is not too late to sow mustard, clover and others in raspberries plants - green manure. By the cold they will grow up, they will need to be mowed and embedded in the soil. As a result, in the spring, raspberries will be provided with organic fertilizer.
4. Mulch the ground around the raspberries if possible. peat, which will improve the structure of the soil and protect it from drying out. In winter, mulch will be a good protection for the root system. The peat layer should be from 10 cm.

Mineral fertilizers for raspberries

If last year you already added organic matter to raspberries, then this season, when feeding raspberries in the fall, use mineral fertilizers.

Remember that in August and September, plants cannot be fed with nitrogen! This fertilizer stimulates the growth of leaves and shoots, as a result of which raspberries do not have time to prepare for wintering.

Also, do not use potash chloride fertilizers for feeding, from which chlorosis will appear on the leaves.

From mineral fertilizers for each raspberry bush in autumn or late summer, it is recommended to apply:

• potassium sulfate - 40 grams or potassium magnesia - 30 grams;
• superphosphate - 50 grams.

Granular fertilizers are mixed and embedded into the soil in the raspberries. After that, the earth must be watered so that the granules dissolve.

Instead of mineral potash fertilizers wood ash can be added to superphosphate. Fertilizer is prepared according to the following recipe:

• mix a glass of ash and 50 g of superphosphate granules;
• dissolve the mixture in 10 liters of water;
• use 10 liters of fertilizer solution 1 square meter soil under raspberries.

When growing raspberries on your plot, do not forget that after picking berries, the plants also need to be looked after, otherwise you can be left without a crop next year.

If raspberries grow on your site, then talking about it, you, of course, use epithets: tasty, juicy, sweet, fragrant, healthy. And can you always add: fruitful, large? Such a berry grows in those who know and follow the basic rules for caring for raspberries, including properly feeding this wonderful culture.

When can you fertilize raspberries?

Take a close look at the raspberry bushes growing in your area. Them appearance always ready to tell you about what chemical elements they lack, and which are present in excess. Here are the signs to look out for:

• dark green glossy leaves, gradually acquiring a burgundy-purple color, indicate a phosphorus deficiency;
• the yellowness of the leaves and the presence of green veins on them indicates a lack of iron;
• leaves turn yellow from the middle to the edge - a sign of a lack of magnesium;
• small, stunted, yellowed leaves on a shrub - raspberry lacks nitrogen;
• the edges of the leaves turn brown - this is a potassium deficiency;
• dark green foliage rich color and excessive shoot formation indicate an excess of nitrogen.

Photo gallery: signs of a lack of raspberry nutrients

Yellow leaves with green veins signal a lack of iron. With a potassium deficiency, the edges of raspberry leaves turn brown. Burgundy-purple color of raspberry leaves indicates a lack of phosphorus. With a lack of nitrogen, raspberry leaves stop growing, turn yellow, shrink. Leaves that begin to turn yellow from the middle to the edges are a sign of deficiency. magnesium

By accurately identifying the problem, you can correct the unfavorable situation in time, help the plant not only increase the quantity, but also improve the quality of the crop.

Feeding raspberries in spring

A careful inspection of raspberry bushes is carried out in early spring during pruning and first loosening. Then you can carry out the first dressing. Superphosphate is ideal for her, containing a complex of elements necessary for raspberries. You can use ammonium nitrate, urea, wood ash.

These fertilizers are used both separately and in combination with each other. It is useful to add organics to mineral mixtures.

Feeding raspberries during flowering and fruiting

If early spring dressing was not carried out on time or it turned out to be insufficient, experts advise correcting the situation during the flowering period. At this time, you need to add organic matter with bone meal under the raspberry bushes, which not only contains the necessary nutrients, but also serves as mulch for the shrub.

Fertilizer with diluted slurry in a ratio of 1: 4 at the beginning of flowering will make it more abundant, but such top dressing should be carried out no later than mid-June, otherwise flowering will be protracted, which will have a bad effect on fruit ripening. To increase productivity, fertilize in July - August with a mixture of superphosphate (1 glass), ash (1 glass), urea (2 tablespoons) per 10 liters of water. The solution is introduced into grooves dug at a distance of 30 cm from the plants.

Summer top dressing of raspberries can be done with a solution of superphosphate (1 cup), ash (1 cup), urea (2 tablespoons) in a bucket of water

During the fruiting period, raspberries especially need potash and nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrogen is applied before the formation of berries. Fertilizers such as urea and ammonium nitrate are scattered between rows and buried in the soil. For potash top dressing, potassium sulfate is suitable: 40 g of the substance is dissolved in water (10 liters) and watered with about one meter of plantings.

Important! Do not use fertilizers containing chlorine for raspberries.

Feeding raspberries in autumn

Autumn top dressing is very important. The bush spent a lot on growth and fruiting nutrients, and in the fall, the formation of fruit buds occurs. If the lack of nutrition is not replenished, then a good harvest next year can not be expected. A shrub with a lack of potassium will not be ready for winter frosts. The basis of autumn top dressing is phosphorus and potash fertilizers.

Note! It is not recommended to apply nitrogen-containing fertilizers in the fall, as they have a bad effect on the frost resistance of raspberries.

Before fertilizing around the raspberry bushes, weeds are removed and shallow loosening is carried out. In autumn, under raspberries, it is recommended to make:

• rotted manure at the rate of half a bucket per 1 meter of plantings;
• compost - it contains less nutrients, but favorably affects the soil structure;
• fermented and diluted bird droppings;
• potassium salt (40 g) and superphosphate (60 g) per 1 sq. meter. Fertilizer is scattered around the bushes and buried in the soil.

What and how to feed raspberries

Organics, mineral fertilizers, and improvised products are used to feed raspberries. The main thing is to understand when and how to fertilize the plant in order to bring it maximum benefit.

Mineral fertilizers

by the most important elements for raspberries are potassium and nitrogen, it has a slightly lower need for phosphorus. If a sufficient amount of fertilizer was applied when planting a bush, then experts recommend feeding the crop only with nitrogen in the first three years. With further growth, annually a raspberry bush will require 3-4 kg of organic matter, 30-40 grams of superphosphate and half as much potassium salt.

On light soils, the amount of mineral fertilizers is increased by about a third, since potassium is quickly washed out into the lower layers of the soil, and phosphorus may not be absorbed by the plant due to the formation of hard-to-reach compounds. This problem can be solved by applying mineral fertilizers together with organic fertilizers or by using slowly soluble mineral complexes (phosphate rock, cement dust).

Without nitrogen, leaf mass cannot be formed. It helps to strengthen the root system, prevents the development of diseases, and has a beneficial effect on the duration of raspberry flowering. But when using nitrogen-containing fertilizers, the following application features must be taken into account:

• nitrogen acidifies the soil, so it is recommended to scatter about a glass of wood ash around the bushes immediately after top dressing;
• nitrogen-containing fertilizers are recommended only until the fruiting period, then their introduction has a negative impact on the crop.

The most effective nitrogen-containing fertilizer for raspberries is urea (urea). Rules for its use:

• urea can be applied by simple scattering around the bush or diluted. When applying in bulk, fertilizer must be sprinkled with earth. Without this, part of the nitrogen will be lost to plants. After making urea, the shrub must be watered;
• recommended application rate: 20 g of fertilizer per 10 liters of water;
• urea contributes to the acidification of the soil. Therefore, it can be neutralized with limestone: for 1 kg of urea, 0.8 kg of ground limestone;
• carbamide is less traumatic for leaves than ammonium nitrate, so it can be used for foliar feeding: spray raspberries in the morning or evening with a solution of urea (30 g per 10 liters of water).

A solution of urea is used for foliar feeding of raspberries

Too much nitrogen is also harmful to the plant. Excess green mass adversely affects the formation and ripening of fruits.

Double superphosphate

To increase the yield of raspberries, accelerate its development, increase resistance to diseases, top dressing with superphosphate is used. This is a nitrogen-phosphorus complex containing not only the main elements, but also other useful substances. It is recommended to use fertilizer in soluble form according to the instructions. Top dressing with superphosphate can be carried out in a complex way, combining it with other mineral fertilizers: 60 g of superphosphate, 40 g of potassium salt, 30 g of ammonium nitrate per bucket of water.

Important! On acidic soils, superphosphate is difficult for plants to access.

chicken manure

Bird droppings are the most effective organic fertilizer for raspberries. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to use it in liquid form for autumn feeding. But since it contains a high concentration of active substances, it must be applied with caution and skill:

• under berry bush make a solution of fermented chicken manure;
• diluted in a ratio of 1:20. A higher percentage of manure in fertilizer can burn root system raspberries.

Video: feeding raspberries with chicken droppings

Overripe chicken manure can also be applied dry. In autumn, they can sprinkle the soil around the raspberry bushes.

Fertilizers that are always at hand

As a fertilizer for raspberries, you can use miracle products that are often simply thrown away: potato waste, ash, and tree bark. This is not only environmentally friendly, because we return waste products to nature, but also economically beneficial.

Ash

Ash is used as one of the cheapest fertilizers for raspberries. It successfully replaces the introduction of a phosphorus-potassium complex, improves soil structure. For raspberries, it is especially useful, because it does not contain chlorine. Ash can be used in dissolved and dry form:

• dry top dressing: sprinkle a glass of ash on 1 sq. m raspberries. You can make dry ash into special grooves made around the plant. Fertilizer is sprinkled on top with earth or dry leaves;
• liquid top dressing: a glass of ash is diluted in 10 liters of water, insisted for 7 days. The consumption rate is half a bucket per bush.

Ashes are scattered thin layer near raspberry bushes

Important! Ash from combustion household waste, contains dangerous substances that can be taken up by plants. For top dressing, the use of such ash is unacceptable!

Potato peelings

Potato peelings can be effectively used as a fertilizer for raspberries. She responds to their introduction abundant flowering and the sweetness of the berries. Potato waste delivered to raspberries a large number of essential micronutrients. Potato peels can be added to the compost heap, can be harvested by drying or freezing.

Potato peels can be used both dried and rotted.

Dry potato waste can be added dropwise under the raspberry bushes. Gradually decomposing, they give their useful components to the bush throughout the year. Cleanings can be poured with boiling water, hold for several days and water the shrub with the resulting infusion. You will receive free top dressing, which will be an alternative to chemical preparations.

Yeast

Gardeners often practice fertilizing raspberries with yeast. Yeast promotes rapid decomposition organic fertilizers, which means increased plant nutrition. Top dressing can be carried out with both dry and fresh yeast:

• top dressing from dry yeast: 10 g of dry yeast and 5 tbsp. l. dissolve sugar in 10 liters warm water, insist for 2 hours, dilute with water in a ratio of 1:5;
• top dressing with fresh yeast: dilute 1 kg of yeast in 10 liters of water room temperature. Add 0.5 liters of solution to a bucket of water.

Features and rules of yeast feeding:

• yeast is introduced into well-warmed soil;
• the prepared yeast solution is used immediately after preparation;
• application is advisable only on well-filled organic soil;
• during fermentation, potassium and calcium are absorbed, so it is necessary to combine yeast fertilization with the introduction of ashes into the soil.

Bark

Another natural and cheap fertilizer for raspberries is bark, as well as rotten branches and sticks. In autumn, under a raspberry bush, pieces of tree bark are placed, cut old trunks, raspberry plantings are mulched with bark coniferous trees. Products obtained by rotting will nourish raspberries with environmentally friendly substances.

In autumn, it is useful to mulch raspberry bushes with tree bark.

Experts recommend that when feeding raspberries, first of all, focus on the appearance of the plants, on the crop that you received. A plentiful harvest and a healthy appearance of raspberries indicate that the feeding was carried out in a balanced, correct way. A low yield and signs of starvation are a signal for an increase in the dose of fertilizers applied and more frequent feeding of raspberries. At the same time, remember that fertilizers must be applied within reasonable limits and at the appropriate time.

Autumn top dressing will give strength to the bush and increase productivity in the new season. They offer to get acquainted with 6 ways of fertilizing and choose the one you like.

Work in the raspberries after harvest

In autumn, the bush recovers after fruiting and prepares for next year. Fertilization during this period gives excellent results. Work takes place at the end of August, when there are no more berries, and continues until mid-September.

The effectiveness of feeding depends on proper preparation raspberry and which consists of several stages.

1. Pruning fruit-bearing branches.
2. Removing weeds.
3. Loosening / digging (spacing 15-20 cm, near the bush 8-10).

top dressing remontant raspberries passes later, because it still bears fruit in September. Pruning and fertilization take place in October-September.

Raspberry dressing

What kind of fertilizer does raspberry like? - any: mineral and organic (natural). In autumn, it is better to make natural ones or to carry out an annual alternation with mineral ones. Consider popular methods.

Method 1. Manure
Preferring natural remedies avoid overfeeding. Rotten manure is not applied annually, once every 3-4 years is enough. Per square meter, 4-5 kg ​​are used for digging. In subsequent years, manure is replaced by peat, compost.

Method 2. Peat, chicken manure
Peat can be applied annually, spreading with a layer of 10-15 cm, then mulched. chicken manure used in the form of pouring infusion: dry concentrate is diluted with water 1:20.

Method 3. Ash
If available wood ash, then apply it in raspberries, it will saturate with potassium and neutralize the soil. Sprinkle 100 g each trunk circle, cover with a small layer of earth and water.

Method 4. Siderata
Vetch, mustard are mowed and embedded in the soil around the bushes. In winter, the green mass will rot and increase soil fertility.

Method 5. Mineral fertilizers
In autumn, a complex of trace elements must be added to raspberries. The composition of the mixture necessarily uses phosphorus and potassium. It is better not to add nitrogen to autumn feeding or to give it in a minimum concentration, in large quantities it activates unnecessary growth in the fall.

They use superphosphate more often: 50-60 g under a bush. At the same time, 40 g of potassium sulfate are added. The applied fertilizers are embedded in the soil, 5-7 cm is enough, for 2-3 year old bushes the dosage is halved.

Method 6. Liquid top dressing
For 10 liters, take potassium chloride or potassium sulfate 2 tbsp. + superphosphate in the same volume. On the running meter you need 5 liters.

Top dressing when planting raspberries

If you plant raspberries in the fall, fertilize immediately. You will need minerals and organics. per sq.m. rotted manure 10 kg (bucket) or the same amount of compost + st. l. potassium sulfate + 2 liters of superphosphate. If there is no potassium, replace it with nitrophos / nitroammophos 2 tbsp. l. + ash (1-2 cups).

At spring planting under raspberries, you can only lay compost or manure and carry out top dressing in the next season.

Raspberry pruning consists of 2 stages: removing old branches (autumn) and shortening shoots (spring).

It is useful for beginner gardeners to know that raspberries grow in one place for 10-15 years. After that, it must be moved to another place, otherwise diseases arise, the plant weakens, and is affected by pests. Return to the former plantation is possible after 5 years.

Do not forget about watering, raspberries love water, over the summer you need to shed it 5-6 times with high quality.

Rules for watering raspberries: per linear meter you need 3-4 watering cans of 10 liters each. Your goal is to wet the ground by 30-40 cm.

Autumn planting is carried out 15-20 days before frost.

Undesirable raspberry neighbors: potatoes, tomatoes and all kinds of nightshade.

Now you know how to feed raspberries and how best to grow them. After harvest, pay attention to raspberries!

Remontant raspberries differ from large-fruited, ordinary or standard raspberries in that they yield twice. The second wave of fruiting is significantly inferior to the first, but with proper care you can achieve an autumn high harvest.

To do this, you need to know how remontant raspberries are fed during fruiting, why you need autumn dressing remontant raspberries, what fertilizers to use.

Dignity remontant varieties raspberries - low susceptibility to diseases. Therefore, they are increasingly being purchased for summer cottages where watering or soil is limited in its own way chemical composition do not meet the needs of ordinary varieties, which reduces the immunity of the shrub.

Remontant raspberries are less likely to be damaged by pests - caterpillars, insects, so the use of chemicals is not required. Yes, and the size of the berries at good top dressing- up to 12 g each, which cannot be said about the usual small-fruited variety, which is often ill and requires increased attention.

Caring for remontant varieties

The perennial shrub is vulnerable due to the root system, which is located underground at a depth of up to 30 cm. This leads to the freezing of seedlings in winter if the roots are not protected. Also, interruptions in plant nutrition are caused by drought, when plant residues rot poorly and are not processed by soil bacteria due to lack of moisture in the soil.

Raspberry care consists of regular watering to surface layer was always hydrated; pruning is needed in spring and autumn so that the shoots do not thicken. Raspberries need to be fed in advance, because organic and mineral substances do not immediately go to the roots, but are first dissolved and processed by microorganisms, only then are they available for plant nutrition.

pruning

Berries of remontant varieties ripen on the shoots of the first and second year. This means that all growth must be left, and the shoots of the third year must be completely removed. On the other hand, removing excess shoots will allow you to freely walk between rows, inspect plants or harvest.

The denseness of the shoots leads to shading, where spores of the fungus or other diseases multiply. On the shady side of the leaf, insects prefer to lay their eggs, the larvae of which will eat foliage or berries.

Pruning is carried out in spring and autumn. Broken branches, frozen or diseased, are removed in the spring. In the autumn - shoots that have served their third year.

Bushes are left for normal fruiting up to 1.5 meters high. In the summer, preventive removal of damaged tops or shoots affected by the fungus is also carried out. In summer, pruning is done as needed.

Transfer

Plants with a developed root system are transplanted in the spring, around mid-April. Plants are selected so that the stem is at least 1 cm in diameter. If the bush is tall, then it is shortened to 1 m.

Transplantation is carried out in those places that are well lit by the sun, where water does not stagnate. You can not transplant remontant raspberries after potatoes, tomatoes, as these plants take a large amount of nutrients from the soil. After berry bushes, raspberry will take root for a long time and can get sick.

Planting material is taken from shoots or replacement shoots. The shoot is located next to the bush or grows from the middle. Replacement shoots grow from the root system mother plant and already have their roots.

Gardeners argue when it is better to transplant shrubs: in autumn or spring. On the one hand, the plants will have time to take root during the winter and get stronger, on the other hand, there is no risk of freezing.

Top dressing with organic and mineral fertilizers

The most important thing in care is to decide how to feed remontant raspberries during flowering and fruiting, since after the first harvest a second is expected. The choice of fertilizers for remontant raspberries depends on the quality of the soil. If the land has not been enriched for a long time, then the first thing to do is take care of the amount of humus. To fill it up, you can use:

• Mullein infusion. A third of the bucket is filled with humus or fresh manure, insisted for 3-4 days so that excess ammonia evaporates. A liter of solution is diluted with 10 liters of water and water the bushes.

• Ash solution contains phosphorus, as well as trace elements and calcium, necessary for normal metabolism and the quality of berries. Top dressing of remontant raspberries in summer with an ash solution provides the bush with especially necessary potassium for further fruiting. Potassium affects the taste and quantity of berries.

Video: Remontant raspberries - features of planting and care. Expert advice

Without it, raspberries will be small and sour. Liter jar ash is poured with a bucket of water and insisted for 3-4 days, then watered under the root. It is advisable to dig a trench and pour the solution, and then cover it with earth. The soil must be necessarily moist so that microorganisms and earthworms could process organics faster and more efficiently.

• siderates- plants that are not inferior to manure in their nutritional value. It takes time to decompose green manure in the soil, so they are used immediately after mowing in the spring: they dig with soil or mulch raspberry roots. To accelerate the decomposition of plant tops, it is watered with a solution of EO preparations and covered with a layer of straw on top.

• Bone flour- a long-term fertilizer, which can be used to feed remontant raspberries in August-September, since for the decomposition of animal residues and natural minerals it takes time. It is better to make flour in the fall, by spring it will partially decompose. Plus - need to apply once every 3-4 years.

Most often, organic fertilizers are combined with mineral fertilizers, because this way you can provide complete nutrition for the plant.

From mineral fertilizers, fertilizing remontant raspberries is carried out with potassium-phosphorus mixtures or complexes containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. At the same time, the composition of the mixture, what feed remontant raspberries in autumn and spring, is different.

Nitrogen is important during the period of active set of greenery and shoot growth, so urea, ammonium nitrate and other nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied in the spring. Nitrogen top dressing is not used in the fall for two reasons:

• Nitrogen substances are unstable in the soil - they evaporate or go into the depths of the soil with rain. In the spring, the root system will not be able to get nitrogen from the soil.

• If you feed the bushes in autumn with nitrogen, then the growth of shoots and greenery will begin. This will weaken the bushes and they will not be able to overwinter.

It is recommended to combine humus and superphosphate, because there is absolutely no phosphorus in rotted manure, which is responsible for the growth of the root system and affects the immune system. A lack of phosphorus in the soil will affect the absorption of potassium, even if it is in the soil near the roots.

Top dressing of remontant raspberries in August with an ash solution is carried out without additional components. In the spring they bring in ash before nitrogen fertilizing for 2 - 3 weeks.