Copper pipe for a well. Well pipes. Pressure or non-pressure pipeline

Drilling a well is difficult technological process, which implies the use of additional Supplies. One of the cost items is the casing pipe. When it comes to material selection, there is a balance between quality and material price. Which casing pipe is better and more practical to use? The difference and selection criteria will be discussed in the article.

What is a casing pipe

Casing pipe is used in drilled wells. The wellbore passes through various layers of soil. Most of them are loose, so without proper care, the well will quickly become unusable. The purpose of the casing is to fix and hold the walls in their original state. This also applies to those moments when the displacement of the soil occurs. Separate sections of the casing pipe are firmly connected to each other. At the same time, they must form a sealed structure that will not allow rain or other water to enter the well. In addition, the casing pipe is able to raise the water table so that the pump does not lower to the bottom of the well. Due to the purpose of the casing pipe, it must have the following qualities:

• high strength;
• pressure resistance;
• resistance to corrosion.

These characteristics correspond to pipes that are made of iron, of stainless steel and some types of plastic, also apply asbestos-cement pipes. The casing pipe must have minimum diameter, in which the pump can fit, in most cases it starts at 110 mm.

Metal variant

This option is one of the most common and used. Previously, cast iron casing pipes were used. If you choose a product with a wall thickness of 6 mm, you can be sure that the well will last up to 50 years or more without any problems. In this case, the pipes will not lose their strength and will not have a negative effect on water quality. In modern practice, steel pipes are used. They can be called environmentally friendly. Water, when interacting with metal, does not form harmful chemical compounds that could harm human health. During prolonged use, rust may appear in the water, but it does not dissolve and is therefore easily removed with a conventional fine filter.

The round shape of the steel nozzle provides it with excellent mechanical strength. It easily supports the weight of the entire structure, as well as the mounted pump. Steel will protect the well when the soil layers are shifted in a small range. A well that has such a casing string is perfectly cleaned by pressure washing. In case of large silting, a drilling mechanism can be used to deepen. Metal columns are great for artesian wells, which can be drilled to a depth of over a hundred meters.

The main disadvantage that stops many from using this type of casing is its high cost. With a sufficient budget, it is better to choose this option, if it is limited, then it is worth weighing all the indicators and considering if there are more profitable option. Pipes that are made without a seam have greater strength. They are harder to bend and last longer. These are often used for the construction of gas pipelines.

Corrosion resistant pipes

Installing stainless pipes as casing is an excellent option. There are two types of such products: galvanized steel and stainless steel. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. But it is worth thinking about the appropriateness of their use. If the service life of an artesian well is on average 50 years, ordinary metal pipes can serve the same amount, then is it worth investing unreasonably additional funds. Galvanized pipes are a poor candidate for this application. The reason lies in the zinc itself. If you pay attention to galvanized roofs, then over time they become rusty due to exposure to sedimentary moisture. The same situation awaits branch pipes in the casing string. But at the same time, harmful components will get into the water, which will adversely affect health.

Some experts suggest using a casing string with enamel coated. The same is true for some types of dishes. It really protects the surface perfectly and has no negative effect on the body. But everyone has seen what happens to an enamel pot if it is accidentally dropped. The enamel is chipped and the place under it begins to rust. Since nozzles in the well can experience an impact that is several times greater than the force of a normal fall, the feasibility of such a solution should be seriously considered. The destruction of an enameled pipe occurs faster than a conventional metal one. This is due to the fact that the thickness of the metal in such pipes is less.

Advice! Given the above information, you should not follow the lead of marketers and overpay for something that cannot be fully used.

Is asbestos cement good

Another option that is widely used for casing wells and wells is asbestos cement pipe. Not every drilling company will decide to use such material, because it has some features that not everyone knows how to work with. The cost of such a casing string is somewhat lower than that of a metal one. The advantages include the environmental friendliness of the material. Asbestos cement does not react with impurities that may be contained in water, which means that no emissions occur. harmful substances. It is widely believed that asbestos cement stimulates the growth of cancer cells, but this has not been proven in studies. With pressure, a small part of the fibers can really be lifted, but if a cleaning filter is installed, then they will remain in it.

The disadvantage of asbestos-cement pipes is their mechanical instability. With strong compression or impact, they can lose their strength and tightness. Unlike metal pipes, when using asbestos-cement pipes, it is impossible to make an additional deepening after some time. Under asbestos-cement pipes you will need a well with a larger diameter than for metal ones. This is due to the design of the pipe. For its stability it is necessary to make thick walls. Pipes of this type are suitable only for limestone wells, while its depth should not exceed one hundred meters. The disadvantages of the material include poor sealing of the seams. This is due to the absence of any fixing elements, except for the expansion of the neck.

Note! Concrete is a porous material. Various debris and silt can clog into the pores, which is almost impossible to clean out from there.

Can plastic be used

Many well drilling companies like to use plastic pipes for casing. Polyethylene can serve as the basis for such pipes. low pressure, PVC unplasticized and polypropylene. The service life of such pipes can reach hundreds of years. Polymers do not interact with well water, therefore they do not decompose and do not corrode. Bacteria that are contained in the soil are also not able to decompose plastic in a short time. The listed types of polymers do not release any substances into the water, so there is no danger to health. But this is only on condition that the pipes are purchased from a responsible manufacturer. Delivery and installation of pipes made of polymers are much easier than metal counterparts.

The limitation on the use of plastic casing pipes is the maximum depth of the well. Products are suitable for a maximum sand well, which does not exceed 60 meters. Plastic also does not tolerate low temperatures well. It becomes brittle and can be easily damaged. A plastic casing can be installed if it is known that the area is free of heavy ground movement.

Combined options

For some types of wells, combined casing strings are used. The essence of this design is that the main casing is carried out using a metal pipe, and a plastic one is laid inside. The advantage of this solution is the minimum amount of rust in the water. Extends the service life of the metal pipe. In addition, the plastic casing can be replaced if required. It is allowed to deepen the well when dismantling the plastic component. A video of the installation of the casing is below.

Conclusion

As you can see, the choice of material for the casing should be approached very carefully. This will protect the health of your family. In addition, high-quality casing has a positive effect on the life of the well. Wells with good casing are easy to maintain.

An autonomous water supply system is the choice of many owners of private houses. Such a solution becomes especially relevant when, in principle, there is no possibility of connecting to a centralized line. The device of a modern long-lived well is quite complex. One of the main elements of the system is pipes, the choice of which will require solid approach. What exactly to pay attention to, you will learn in this article.

Purpose of pipes when drilling a well

To reach the layer of water in the thickness of the soil, a rather laborious work is carried out - drilling wells. The main condition for carrying out this process is to protect the walls of the well from destruction and the safety of water as clean as possible. To achieve these goals, pipes are used, each of which performs its task.

According to the purpose of the pipe for the well are:

• casing - protect walls from collapse;
• operational - prevent water pollution.

Important! In order to save Money consumers modern manufacturers began to produce pipes that perform two tasks at the same time. Therefore, it has become even easier to buy pipes for a well.

Casing pipes for a well - installation technology

Performing the installation of casing pipes is sufficient laborious process requiring engagement special equipment. Installation is carried out as follows:

1. Make a deep well by drilling.
2. A casing pipe for a water well is placed in it.
3. The gap between the wall and the pipe is filled with concrete mortar.
4. Other pipes are placed in the cavity of the casing pipe for subsequent installation of equipment.

Important! The dimensions of the casing pipe are selected in accordance with the diameter and size of the well, which will directly affect the cost of the drilling project. Watch an informative video, which shows the entire process of drilling a well sequentially, step by step.

Well pipe selection criteria

Well drilling is carried out individually for each situation. Before committing final choice and decide which pipe per well fit better In general, in the conditions of your project, consider the following number of factors:

• drilling depth;
• drilling diameter;
• drilling technology;
• level Wastewater;
• soil structure.

Important! It is well known that soil structure different areas is not identical and has mobility. Therefore, be sure to decide in advance from which layer of soil you will extract water - the price of the pipe for the well will also depend on this. To determine the state of the soil and the level of groundwater occurrence, check this information with the nearest neighbors in the area who have already encountered this problem or involve specialized specialists to conduct engineering and geological surveys.

Pipes for wells - materials

Market building materials literally overflowing with a different assortment of pipes. Many options are suitable for designing autonomous water intake systems. For example, to make pipes for wells, manufacturers use the following materials:

• plastic;
• steel;
• asbestos cement.

Important! Each pipe made of these materials has its own purpose and features, so choose universal option Not sure it's going to happen. For example, a pipe for a well pump will be of one type, and for casing - another. But in principle, it is easy to find a combination that is affordable if you correctly coordinate all the details of the project in advance and listen to the opinion of specialists.

Types and advantages of metal pipes

Metal pipes for wells are presented in several versions and are in constant demand among consumers. A steel pipe has earned positive feedback due to a number of advantages, including:

• high rate of design reliability;
• durability - not less than 50 years;
• easy to clean;
• keeps water clean;
• the ability to withstand heavy loads, given the insignificant thickness of the pipe walls - only 6 mm;
• resistance to mechanical damage.

Important! Steel pipes are ideal for a well pump.

In addition to pipes made of ordinary steel, the following varieties are on the market:

• enameled pipes;
• galvanized;
• stainless steel pipes.

Among the significant disadvantages of metal products, the following factors are noted:

• steel structures are quite expensive;
• with prolonged contact of galvanized material with water, there is a possibility of water contamination with zinc oxide, which is unsafe for health;
• installation of enameled pipes without chips is almost impossible, during which the elements quickly corrode;
• some time after the installation of stainless steel pipes, rust particles can be detected in the water.

Important! To eliminate almost all of the above problems, professionals recommend installing a household water filter during the direct assembly of the water intake equipment.

Features of the use of asbestos-cement pipes

Asbestos cement pipes are a material that has long proven itself with the best side in the construction industry. They could have forced out such metal structures from the market for a long time, if not for one drawback - the fragility of the material.

Among positive characteristics asbestos-cement material is distinguished by the following:

• low cost;
• resistance to corrosion;
• unlimited service life;
• chemical neutrality of the material.

Important! To ensure structural strength, the walls of asbestos-cement structures are made thick enough, that is, the diameter of the pipe for this type of well will be larger than from other materials. Therefore, a well intended for laying such pipes is drilled taking into account this feature.

Pros and cons of plastic pipes

• PP - polypropylene pipes;
• UPVC - pipes made of non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride;
• HDPE - low pressure polyethylene pipes.

Important! When making a purchase of pipes, carefully make sure that their purpose is precisely for drinking water.

Plastic pipes have a number of excellent performance characteristics, among which the undeniable advantages are:

• ease of transportation and installation;
• have a relatively small weight;
• not amenable to corrosive processes;
• absolutely safe for health;
• long-term operation period - more than 50 years;
• high rate of tightness at the butt sections;
• resistance to mechanical damage;
• the ability to treat pipes with chemicals used to disinfect and regenerate wells.

Important! A significant disadvantage of plastic pipes is a low strength indicator, based on the requirements for this parameter directly for drill wells. Therefore, PVC pipes for wells are often used when the drilling height does not exceed 60 meters. The main place of application of operational plastic pipes is casing steel columns.

What is the best way to connect pipes when drilling a well?

If the well diameter is more than 10 cm and it is planned to install a submersible pump, then the casing will consist of segments, the length of which is usually 3-12 meters.

Important! To understand which connection method to choose, remember that the main task of the casing is to maintain tightness.

There are 3 connection methods:

1. Threaded connection, including fittings. This method is considered the most expensive due to high degree reliability. In order to ensure good sealing performance, well threaded pipe will be the most smart decision. But at the same time, keep in mind that when using fittings, the internal useful diameter of the well may decrease, which will also limit the choice of pump.
2. Welding connection method. A dubious way to design joints, since the tightness of the welds will directly depend on the work of the welder. Also note that the welds on metal pipes subject to corrosion, which significantly reduces the service life. It is considered more acceptable to use such technology for arranging pipelines on open areas in order to detect damage in a timely manner and stop it, avoiding an emergency situation.
3. Socket pipe fitting is a method of connecting pipes through sealing ring. This method is absolutely unreliable, since you will not be able to control the quality of the pipe installation, and there is also a possibility of subsidence during use.

Important! From the foregoing, it is easy to conclude in favor of the unique right technology connections when arranging a drill well - threaded connection of pipes.

Which type of pipes to choose: pressure or non-pressure?

To decide which type of pipes to prefer, first find out what they are:

1. Non-pressure pipes are pipes that are used in conditions without pressure.
2. Pressure is a material whose walls can withstand high external and internal pressure.

Important! To arrange casing columns, purchase only pressure pipes, since soil pressure on the internal walls of the structure is inevitable.

What pipe diameter to choose for the well?

The diameter of the casing pipe is calculated depending on the type of pump used. At the same time, if the water pumping horizon on the territory of the house has an increased dynamic and statistical water level, then the pump in the casing pipe is in a suspended state.

Important! Information on these indicators is better to be clarified in organizations engaged in drilling wells.

In order to understand how to correctly calculate, we suggest considering an option for a building where the water flow is approximately 3 m3 / hour. For these purposes, a pump with a diameter of 75 mm is suitable.

To calculate the pipe diameter, make the following calculations: 75 mm + 8 mm (pipe wall thickness) + 4 mm (gap between pipe and pump) = 87 mm.

Important! All casing pipes have standard sizes. The following standard casing diameter sizes are most suitable for the resulting figure:

• 114 mm;
• 109 mm;
• 89 mm.
  

For a pump with a diameter of 102 mm, the calculation is carried out by the same method: 102 + 8 + 4 \u003d 114 - this is a suitable pipe diameter, but it is better to choose with a margin - 127-133 mm.

Important! The best option steel pipes with an inside diameter of 10-15 cm are considered, as well as PVC pipes with a diameter of 75-140 mm. Such pipes are not removed from wells.

How to calculate water consumption?

Since the future water consumption directly affects the principles of choice different components private engineering system, separately note the calculation rules. To calculate the water consumption, take as an example maximum flow with a fully open household tap - 0.7 m3 / hour.

Let's say that water is consumed in the house at the same time:

• washing machine;
• faucet in the kitchen;
• faucet in the bathroom;
• watering the lawn in the yard.

Important! Peak water flow will be approximately 2.8 m3/h. At the same time, in two-story house the average water consumption will be 6-8 m3/hour.

Conclusion

Installation process autonomous water supply- quite labor-intensive, painstaking work, requiring significant financial investments and time. Before deciding to drill a well, carefully read the installation rules, the characteristics of the surrounding area, the range and quality of materials suitable for your project.

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When planning to drill a well in your area, you need to study in advance its structure, types, principle of operation and many other features in order to avoid in the future possible problems and unreasonable costs during construction and operation. One of the main issues that require close attention is what materials to use, and in particular whether plastic pipes are suitable for a well as a casing or production string.

What you need to know to choose a pipe

This information is very important, since from it it is possible to draw a conclusion about what load the walls of the casing pipe will experience during its immersion and subsequent operation.

Characteristics and scope of plastic pipes

After analyzing the available information, you can proceed to the selection of pipes. Let's see in what cases application is possible.

Types of casing and production pipes made of plastic

The following types of plastic pipes are used to create wells:

• From HDPE– low pressure polyethylene;

• From PP- polypropylene;
• PVC-U pipes for wells– made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.

All of them began to be used relatively recently, so there is no actual data on their service life yet. But the absolute non-susceptibility of plastic to corrosion suggests that it is no less than that of steel pipes, the service life of which is at least 50 years.

Note. As casing pipes for wells, only pressure pipes regardless of their material. Non-pressure, that is, not designed for high external soil pressure, can be used for the construction of an internal production string.

In what cases is the use of plastic pipes justified?

Plastic pipes as casing cannot be used for wells with a depth of more than 60 meters, as well as for water intakes located in moving and complex soils. Their strength is not enough for such loads, but they can serve as a production string in a well of any depth with a steel casing.

In principle, all the types of products listed above can be used for these purposes, but PVC-U pipes are the most attractive in terms of strength / cost. Most often, plastic pipes are used for the construction of sand wells, since the life of such water intakes is not very long, and “burying” an expensive steel column into the ground, calculated for several decades, is an unjustified waste.

Another application is the Abyssinian well made of plastic pipes. But with its device, the column is not driven into the ground, but installed in a pre-drilled hole so as not to violate the integrity of the pipe.

Advice. When choosing the type of pipe connection for increasing their length, give preference to threaded ones - it is the most reliable. Welding and installation in a socket do not provide adequate strength and tightness of the joints.

Disadvantages and advantages

There are few drawbacks to such pipes, but they are significant. This is less than steel strength and insufficient resistance to mechanical influences. That does not allow using them in deep water intakes with significant soil pressure on the walls.

However, if we compare them with the same steel or asbestos-cement pipes, one cannot fail to notice obvious advantages, which include:

• Absolute resistance to corrosion and aggressive environments;
• Resistance to chemicals, which are used in the treatment of wells for their regeneration and disinfection;
• The durability resulting from the properties listed above, which can be more than 50 years - the service life of steel pipes;
• High tightness of connections, which guarantees cleanliness, not polluted by soil particles and sewage;
• Light weight, the ability to transport pipes to the site at lower cost and install them with your own hands without the help of special equipment;
• Ease of installation, especially when threaded;

• Low cost of both the products themselves and their installation.

Such performance characteristics of plastic pipes are very attractive to consumers, so they are becoming increasingly popular with people who decide to organize their own autonomous system water supply country house or cottages.

How to install casing pipes in a well

The casing of the well with plastic pipes is carried out after the drilling of the structure is completed.

• The diameter of such a pipe should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the well.
• All connections, if the well is quite deep, are carried out on the surface of the soil, and not inside the structure.
• Checking such connections can be carried out using a hose and a powerful pressure of water directed into the inside of the connected products.
• The pump to be used in the well must also have a smaller diameter than the pipe. This will allow you to freely lower and raise the equipment if necessary.

Work process:

• Initially, the well is drilled with large-sized equipment.
• The depth of such drilling should reach 5 m.
• After that, you need to take a smaller drill and continue work.
• The next depth will be water on sand.

Note. If a deeper well is required, then drilling with a large drill should be carried out up to a distance of 1-1.5 m from the aquifer.

• As soon as water appears, then hermetically interconnected are inserted into the structure.

Advice. Well drilling should be smooth. Otherwise, the pipes, which are then inserted into the structure, may break. As a result, the well will crumble.

• After installing the pipes, work is being established pumping equipment.
• It is installed at a certain distance from the bottom of the structure.

Conclusion

If a aquifer on your site lies shallow, and the soil is stable rocks that are not subject to movement, the best choice for the construction of a water well, plastic pipes will become. The video in this article will be an informative addition to all of the above and will help you make the most correct and economically sound decision.

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Mounting and strapping gas boiler 6000

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What pipes are best for a well? Additional water supply for suburban area is necessary for living in a private house, if it is located far from the passage of communications. When installing an autonomous water supply, you need to decide a lot certain tasks. In particular, it is necessary to determine how to choose pipes for the well.

Features of the well device at the site

To provide Vacation home water, it is necessary to drill a well before reaching the aquifer. The walls of the well must be protected from soil stratification and in order to ensure the purity of the water. That's what pipes are for.

Casing structures are installed to protect the well from collapse. Operational models help keep water clean. Currently, in order to reduce the cost of labor and materials, they produce products that simultaneously perform both purposes.

Before proceeding with construction, it is necessary to find out what pipes are, in what conditions it is necessary to use certain products. Currently, the industry produces models from various materials.

Basically, models for wells are made of three types of materials:

• become;
• plastic;
• asbestos cement.

Among the designs various kinds it is quite difficult to find a universal option suitable for any type of wells. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the conditions in which drilling is carried out. That is why for each specific case it is necessary to choose the most suitable option.

When choosing pipes, the following factors must be considered:

• work production technology;
• type of soil;
• well depth;
• well width.

The soil is heterogeneous and mobile. As a result, when installing pipes, they will experience certain loads from the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to determine exactly from which aquifer the water will flow.

Consideration should be given to the possibility of sewage entering the structure. It is also necessary to take into account the level of passage of the aquifers located above.

To find out the exact depth of the aquifer and the composition of the soil, you can check these data with neighbors who have already encountered this problem during the construction of wells. Prior to construction, you can find a well located in a neighboring area, close to the planned one.

Steel pipes for wells

Steel structures are the most reliable, but at the same time the most expensive designs for a well. A steel pipe can withstand any load, well protects water from pollution and has a long service life, more than 50 years.

well with steel pipe easy to clean without any damage. These types of pipes are great for any pump design.

If a large depth of the well is assumed, the soils are quite complex, then professionals advise using steel pipes.

Advantages of steel products:

• high strength;
• reliability in use;
• long service life.

Steel pipes are able to withstand any load and therefore they are perfect for the extraction and supply of artesian water.

The disadvantage is the high cost.

In addition to conventional steel products, the industry currently produces galvanized, enameled steel models and stainless steel products.

Enameled products are difficult to install without damage and deformation. Violation of the enamel leads to rapid corrosion of the material.

The use of galvanized structures during long-term use, according to experts, can cause contamination of drinking water with zinc oxide, which is harmful to human health.

Due to the fact that steel products are very expensive, manufacturers are currently looking for replacements for expensive steel alloys. In some cases, black steel structures are used. But over time, due to the use of this type of product in water, rust can form. In these cases, the owners can use a filter to purify the water.

Asbestos-cement pipes for a well

Asbestos cement pipes are relatively cheap, but they are quite fragile. Asbestos-cement structures are resistant to corrosion, have a long service life, increased resistance to chemical attack in aggressive environments.

Asbestos cement pipes are much cheaper than the rest. But, despite these advantages, asbestos-cement models have a significant drawback: asbestos cement is a very fragile material. Asbestos-cement products are often used in wells.

Although asbestos-cement pipes are resistant to corrosion and have a long service life, they are quite fragile and therefore are mainly used in wells.

Advantages of asbestos-cement models:

• resistance to corrosion;
• durability;
• low cost.

The disadvantage is increased fragility.

Therefore, when using asbestos-cement structures, they are produced with sufficiently thick walls. In this case, the well has to be made wider.

The installation of asbestos cement products must be done very carefully. Only highly qualified builders can handle this.

Plastic pipes for a well

Plastic pipes are low cost, they are great for shallow wells.

However, plastic should be designed specifically for drinking water.

Industry releases plastic products for wells of the following types:

• from low pressure polyethylene (HDPE);
• from polypropylene (PP);
• from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC).

Plastic has good performance, it does not pose a danger to human health, is resistant to corrosion, and is light in weight.

Plastic joints have good tightness. Plastic pipes are easy to install and transport. The installation of plastic pipes is carried out by highly qualified builders.

Insofar as plastic structures are not strong enough, they are used for wells with a depth of no more than 60 m. Quite often, plastic models are used in steel casing strings.

Advantages of plastic models:

• a light weight;
• resistance to corrosion;
• health safety;
• ease of installation.

The disadvantage is low strength.

Therefore, if the aquifer at the site is not deep, no more than 50 meters from the surface of the earth, the well owner has several options for choosing pipes. With large depths of wells and difficult soils, preference is given to expensive steel products, as they have the greatest strength and durability.