The depth of laying sewer pipes to the septic tank. Sewerage depth. Technology of installation of the internal system

In country houses, it is necessary to establish a sewerage system. The optimal solution for the task at the moment is the laying of pipes underground. The article discusses all the nuances of this process.

Factors

The depth of laying sewer pipes in a private house depends on the conditions of the area and the performance of the pipeline. One of the main indicators is the level of soil freezing. Below it, the earth does not freeze, so the system must be located there. It is worth considering the level of the entry point to the septic tank or collector. An important aspect is the pipeline load. If it is located under pavement, then it is elevated. The strength of the pipes is also important.

Calculate the depth of laying the sewer in country house by subtraction. Here it is better to demonstrate everything with an example, so it will be clear. If a pipeline with a cross-sectional diameter of up to 0.5 meters is planned, then 0.3 m is subtracted from the soil freezing index. This means that when it is 1.5 m, then optimal depth gaskets sewer pipe will be 1.5-0.3 \u003d 1.2 m. If a pipeline is planned more than 0.5 m in diameter, then 0.5 m is subtracted from the soil freezing index.

In no case should you dig a smaller trench in order to save money. Land costs can be reduced by making the ditch as narrow as possible, but with the possibility of further pipe laying in it.

Pipe selection

At the moment, they refuse to lay sewers from ceramic or cast iron pipes. This is due to the emergence of more modern options. These include PVC and polypropylene products.

The advantages of such pipes:

Corrosion resistance.
Lightweight construction.
Ease of installation. You can cope with the task without problems with your own hands.
Cheapness of materials.
Microorganisms do not appear inside the pipes.

Among other things, plastic pipes are impact resistant chemical substances. To clean them, you do not need to pick up special solution, you can buy any means for sewers.

Depth and slope of laying sewer at the exit from the house

The depth and slope of sewer pipes is determined by regulatory documents. The SNiP establishes that it is possible to lay sewers at a depth of 70 cm. At the same time, the distance from the freezing level should be at least 30 cm.

With a smaller slope of the pipeline, the movement of domestic wastewater will be difficult. Otherwise, it's too fast. The first option will lead to clogging of pipes with the need to regular brushing. And the second is connected with the rapid failure of the pipeline.

To check the slope, you must use building level. Laying sewer pipes in a private house is carried out in such a way that they fit snugly to the ground. Otherwise, they will be increased load, then the sewer system will wear out faster.

If it is planned to establish a sewerage system with pumping out, then there is no need for a pipe slope. It is required only in case of natural household waste.

Optimum laying depth for external sewerage

The need for the right choice of the depth of the sewer pipe in a private house is associated with many factors. For example, if the pipeline is laid at the level of freezing, then wastewater cool down, causing congestion. Then the system will lose its performance, and restore it only when the soil warms up.

When laying any type of pipeline, a single rule applies: it is necessary to plan the system in such a way that it consists of a minimum number of connections and turns. The smaller they are, the lower the possibility of contamination inside the pipe. This approach will allow you to spend less resources on maintaining the sewer system.

Each turn affects throughput pipeline and effluent flow rate. If bends cannot be completely avoided, then a manhole must be placed in their places. It will allow you to monitor the condition of the pipeline at any time.

The easiest way to equip the sewer is with a septic tank. To accommodate it, it is necessary to dig a pit, located near the house. But the distance from the building must be more than five meters. According to the recommendations of experts, the optimal depth of the pit is one and a half meters. The presence of a concrete sarcophagus will protect the recess from overflowing with groundwater, as well as destruction under the influence of soil.

When you calculate the depth of laying sewer pipes in a private house, you cannot rely solely on the freezing rate of the soil in the region and the depth of the septic tank. It is also necessary to take into account the characteristics of the soil on which the country house is built. They also influence this indicator.

Consider the situation where the house is built on a slope. In this case, the most logical solution would be to drain household waste down. But here it becomes unclear: what should be the depth of the exit of the sewer pipe from the house. After all, it also happens that maintaining the necessary slope throughout the entire highway is physically impossible.

In such a situation, it is necessary to bury the sewer pipe at great depths. It will also require the use of distribution or differential wells. With their help, it will be possible to slow down the speed of transporting waste to the treatment plant.

If the calculations were not performed, or their results turned out to be inaccurate, then the owner country house will face a situation where the pipeline will quickly wear out and start to leak or it will need to be cleaned regularly. Both outcomes are extremely undesirable, because they are associated with serious difficulties. Therefore, calculations must be made as accurately as possible. plastic well with the onset of severe cold weather, it can simply break. Therefore, it must be insulated in advance.

Finding out the depth of soil freezing in your area is quite simple. Above is a table of soil freezing depth. It is easy to find out the level of soil freezing in the place where you live. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to calculate at what depth to lay sewer pipes.

Installation of sewer pipes

When the level of laying the sewer pipeline is set, you can proceed to installation. The task itself is simple, but rather time-consuming, requiring precision.

First you need to dig a hole the right sizes. As mentioned above, it can be made narrower, but not too much so that it is convenient to lay sewer pipes in a private house in the future. The bottom of the pit must be covered with a pillow of sand and clay. This is done for thermal insulation and depreciation of the pipeline.

If necessary, it will be possible to additionally insulate the structure using appropriate materials. This is required, for example, if it is impossible to dig a trench of the required depth. In this case, it is perfect for warming the heat pipe mineral wool or similar materials.

Free cavities must also be filled with sand and clay. It is forbidden to use the old soil for burying the pipe. For this task, again, a mixture of sand and clay is needed. When the pipe is completely filled up, you need to tamp upper layer. This will avoid deformation of the pipeline during operation.

As mentioned earlier, manholes should be placed at the turn points of the highway. They are used to eliminate blockages, as well as monitor the condition of the sewer pipeline. For arranging the walls of manholes, it is recommended to take rings made of reinforced concrete, also suitable for this task broken brick. Their dimensions depend on the level of placement of the sewerage system.

A correctly determined depth of sewer pipes in a private house, as well as compliance with all regulations, can guarantee the maximum service life of a sewer pipeline in a private house. This approach will avoid any problems during operation, domestic wastewater will be discharged without difficulty.

Before you start installing sewer pipes in a private building, for example, in a cottage, you must first develop layout drawings and draw a laying diagram.

Such materials will help to correctly install plumbing products, calculate the correct slope of the pipes and draw up an estimate of the materials necessary for work.

A system created according to the drawings will work without breakdowns, and if a blockage occurs, it can be quickly eliminated.

The article was written specifically for those who are engaged in the construction and installation of sewers. Builders will be able, based on the text below, to draw up a sewerage scheme for individual home. Examples of calculation of external and internal system sewer pipe installations.

Masters will be able to calculate how deep to bury the sewer pipe. It will be possible to calculate the necessary expendable materials for the installation of an autonomous sewer system, laid independently both indoors and around the house.

The development of the scheme must begin from the farthest plumbing fixture installed on the top floor. Conducted horizontal lines must necessarily come to the riser. To save materials for work, plumbing fixtures located on different floors, but maintaining the same vertical.

The composition of the domestic sewer includes:

A water seal that protects the room from unpleasant odors;
Pipes through which drains enter the external system;
Knees;
Tees;
Clamps supporting pipes and creating a certain slope;
central riser

When installing a sewer, it is very important to monitor the transition of pipes. It should not move from a larger diameter to a smaller one. To take into account such a nuance, you need to install the toilet on the layout on the very close range from the stand.

The drawing of the internal system includes several very important parameters:

Number of floors;
Basement;
Number of plumbing fixtures;
Number of apartments.

It is very important to determine the depth of the septic tank and its installation to additional systems, for example, an installed pumping station.

The diagram must be drawn to a certain scale. This will help you quickly understand the piping layout when you need to identify problems in the event of an emergency.

outside line

To install the sewerage of an individual house, it is necessary to carry out a diagram drawing taking into account the surrounding landscape. Professionals recommend that the septic tank be located as low as possible, and the pipes should have a slight slope.

To determine which treatment system should be taken as the basis, to what depth the pipes will lie, it is necessary to pay attention to the following factors:

groundwater;
Soil type;
Freezing depth.

Construction outdoor sewerage usually begins with laying the pipeline from the foundation. Drains should be discharged towards the cesspool made. Any turn of the pipe must be equipped with a special revision, in the form of an adapter equipped with a cover. Through it, it will be possible to easily eliminate the blockage.

On the outside mount a revision well, install a ventilation umbrella.

The exit is through a riser with an installed one. Because it will always be very strong bad smell, such a pipe should be installed as far as possible from windows or next to the smoker.

Forbidden fan pipe combine with an ordinary ventilation shaft. The umbrella can be replaced with a special vacuum valve installed at the top of the riser. Remember that to check valve he has nothing to do with it.

Types of tanks, their positive and negative sides

The final part of the system is the tank where the cleaning is carried out. If there is no central collector through which the drains are taken, then autonomous installations are used.

Cesspool

Perhaps this is the most cheap option. The hole is easy to dig in the right place. However, it cannot always cope with stocks in large volumes. Dirt can be a source of unpleasant groundwater odor.

septic tank

Such a structure can be laid out of brick and poured with concrete. You can also install standard iron concrete rings. If the septic tank is well made, it can be operated long years because it is different increased strength. The disadvantage of this design can be called a long installation and large financial investments.

Stand-alone installation, industrial type

Of course, such a design is always much more expensive, but all costs are fully covered due to the rapid construction and very high quality. Such installations will work for a very long time with virtually no breakdowns.

Biological treatment system

About such a system, you can safely say "the most expensive." For its operation, it is necessary to bring a constant electrical supply. However, it has high performance and high-quality cleaning.

How to choose a place for a drain receiver, how to calculate its parameters

Whatever the type of receiver, its volume must necessarily correspond to three daily norms that all residents of the house consume.

According to the established standards, one person consumes 200 liters per day. Therefore, the volume of the receiver should be equal to 600 liters. If a treatment facilities have several tanks connected, the total volume will be equal to their sum expression.

The choice of receiver location depends on several requirements.

The system should be mounted at the lowest point of the site, especially when there is a very difficult terrain.

The standards also establish distances to especially important objects, they must comply with accepted standards:

50 meters - to a pipe with drinking water;
5 meters - to the road;
30 meters - to the reservoir;
5 meters - to the living quarters.

How deep should sewer pipes be laid?

Technological standards (SNiP) establish a certain depth of sewerage in a private house.

For more exact definition this value, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the zone map.

It shows the depth of soil freezing in various regions of our country. For example, in Moscow, the depth of laying a sewer pipe must be at least 1.4 m. For Sochi, this value is much less - 0.8 meters.

Such parameters are taken taking into account the characteristics of the terrain when the soil freezes. If nozzles with a cross section of less than 500 mm are installed than those indicated on the map, it is imperative to subtract 0.3 meters from this value. When to lay sewer pipes large diameter, the laying depth must be reduced by 0.5 meters.

At what depth is the sewer pipe laid near the house

The standardized standards indicate that the branch pipe leaving the room must be positioned so that it rises above the average freezing depth by about 30 cm.

The depth of the trenches must exceed 70 cm. For middle lane minimum depth sewerage laying should reach 50 cm. This is quite enough if there is no area nearby that needs to be cleared of snow, and there is no roadway.

It is very important to comply with the last above requirements. The fact is that the pressure of the machines can lead to a breakdown of the pipeline, and with a large accumulation of snow, the pipe will simply freeze.

To create a gravity flow of sewage, you need to know exactly what slope you need to create for the sewer pipe, especially in a private building.

In principle, you can ask your neighbors. They know well how deep the trench is. They have already laid such pipes and tested the system. Therefore, their data will be the most optimal, especially for winter time.

If you have doubts and difficulties in carrying out such plumbing work, it is worth contacting professionals. These companies employ highly qualified specialists with extensive experience and appropriate tools. If there are no skills for such work, then independent operations can lead to material damage and additional monetary costs.

Bookmark depth and optimal slope

For pipes with a diameter of up to 50 mm, SNiP recommends making a slope of 3 cm per meter of laying.

If the pipe cross section reaches 100 mm, then the slope can be reduced by one centimeter. So that the sewer does not become clogged and possible "fatting" does not occur, it is advisable to increase the slope by about half a centimeter for each meter of wiring.

The same values of the angle of inclination are maintained during the laying of pipes in the area near the house. A sleeve is installed in the foundation. Its diameter is 15 cm larger than the main pipe. Thanks to the sleeve, there is a transition to external sewerage. It is mounted above the soil freezing value by 30 cm.

Then a trench is dug, providing access to the septic tank. Its approximate depth should be no more than one meter.

Do not bury sewer pipes below the existing freezing level. Its average value does not exceed 1.6 m. Such work will be very unprofitable, since it will be necessary to make a greater depth of the septic tank. If a constant slope of approximately 4–5 m is maintained, groundwater may appear.

Such works require additional financial investments, since it is necessary to install additional concrete rings and special corrugated pipes high strength. They perfectly withstand the pressure of the drain, they do not deform with a large mass of soil.

The usual drain temperature is always higher than in the room, so the pipes do not freeze. Sometimes they are insulated with thermal insulation or a heating cable is laid.

Method for calculating the depth of a pipe connected to a storage tank

The value of the outlet of the pipe in the room increases by the length of the outer line, multiplied by a coefficient, the value of which is selected according to the diameter of the pipe:

D 50 mm - 0.03;
D 110 mm - 0.02;
D 160 mm - 0.008;
D 200 mm - 0.007;

The calculation is carried out according to the formula:

h2=h1+l*k+g,

h2 is the depth of the point from where the exit and connection with the storage tank is carried out;

h1 - the value of the exit from the premises. 1.4 m is taken;

l is the distance from the foundation to the storage well. Usually 10 meters.

k - coefficient, always equal to 0.02;

g is the natural slope of the surface. Usually does not exceed 0.3 m.

h2=1.4+10*0.02+0.3=1.9 m.

According to the calculation, a sewer trench is created.

What problems may arise during the installation of a sewage system, how to solve them

In some cases, the depth of sewerage during installation in a cottage depends on some external factors.

It happens that it is simply impossible to carry out laying, or it requires huge financial costs. One of the reasons is the rock located between the house and the well. In such a situation, it is impossible to make a standard trench, since the soil has a very complex structure.

The only way out of this situation will be the thermal insulation of the pipes. Before starting the installation of the structure, it is necessary to wrap the pipeline with several thick layers of insulation, and then lay it to a depth of no more than 30 cm. It will be possible to create heating of the pipe, for which it will be necessary to lay a heating cable under the pipe.

We insulate sewer pipes

I must say that insulation greatly prolongs the life of sewer pipes, especially in the winter period, regardless of the region. The insulation is usually polyurethane foam. It wraps around the pipe, and closes on top plastic wrap. Such pipes are not afraid of any frost.

If there are joints or a lot of turns, it is very important to insulate them. It is in these places that difficulties always arise. In Europe, pipe insulation is used electrical cable. It is laid along the entire length of the pipe.

In our country, in southern regions and central regions the pipe is laid in a trench with a depth of one meter. In the north, where there are always great colds, the depth of the sewers is even greater. Such pipes especially need thermal insulation.

When the sewer pipe is laid inside the house, some additional technological operations are performed. It is possible to create a large number turns, all kinds of bends.

According to professionals, it is not worth abusing such opportunities. It is very important to make the system as simple as possible. It will not take much money for it, and it will be much easier to maintain it.

The internal sewerage in the house must have a natural drain. The ideal option pipe laying directly under the floor is considered. If the diameter of the outer and inner pipe have big differences, you can use connections. For such purposes, a knee with an angle of 30 degrees is best suited. This will improve water runoff.

Owners of private houses are less and less satisfied with the amenities in the yard with a primitive pit for collecting waste. The organization of external sewerage is a condition for creating full-fledged and comfortable living conditions. One of important issues for the owner of a country house - to what depth to bury the sewer pipe. The depth of pipe laying and installation features of the external section of the sewerage system affect the continuity and durability of operation.

Sewerage device of a private house

The sewer system of personal home ownership is conditionally divided into two components:

internal, located in the house;
external, laid outside the house along the adjacent plot or under it.

The internal sewer system includes outlets for bathrooms and risers. The external one is sometimes limited to a channel into the central sewer branch. The most a complex system- autonomous. It includes not only a pipeline through which the spent environment from the bath, washbasins and toilet bowl, along with fecal waste, is removed from the room, but also a septic tank. The latter is equipped independently or purchased: factory-made multi-chamber models guarantee a good degree of cleaning and a minimum of environmental impact.

And in the case of a centralized collector, and with offline cleaning waste, it will be necessary to resolve the question of how deep the sewer pipe should be, connecting the building with the rest of the communication elements. Errors in the calculation of this indicator lead to a number of consequences:

accumulation of sewage;
pipe freezing and ice plugs in winter;
the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the area of \u200b\u200bthe pipe;
Difficulty in the operation of the site through which the system passes;
accidents when changing the purpose of land.

The sewer pipe connecting the outlet of the internal channel and the septic tank or the global system has only one task: uninterrupted year-round removal of waste products from the premises and from the site in compliance with sanitary standards and regulations. The depth of the sewer pipe in a private house and the direction of the laying are of fundamental importance.

Requirements for the depth of the sewer pipe

Scheme of the depth of laying sewer units for the middle zone of the Russian Federation

Work technique and requirements for systems that directly affect the condition environment are regulated by regulations. For the construction industry, the SNiP reference point is a code building codes and rules. In addition to the mandatory requirements, the depth of the sewer pipe in a country house is calculated taking into account individual conditions. Only craftsmen with experience in a particular region can correctly choose the type of installation, depth, method of insulation and an angle that provides natural flow. Self-taught people have to focus on legislative framework and general recommendations.

SNiP norms

Channel for external sewage

AT normative documents instructions for the arrangement of all essential systems of private households are reflected. The depth of sewer pipes and the level of the sewer exit point from a low-rise building are clearly specified in SNiP.

Output sewer riser should be located 30 cm above the freezing level of the soil, but this figure should not exceed 70 cm. This is the standard for plots free from development, along which there are no highways and no construction is underway. The rule applies to systems with pipes with a diameter of no more than 50 cm. Sewer networks with pipelines of a larger cross section are laid to a shallower depth, but work is prohibited in the area of large-scale communications: employees service organizations there must be uninterrupted access to the channel.

The second indicator regulated by SNiP is the recommended slope. The sewer systems of the private sector are gravity-fed, waste disposal occurs naturally. The network map is drawn up taking into account these requirements.

A map of average soil freezing rates can be found on the web; it will tell you what the depth of sewer pipes should be at a particular climatic point.

Experienced craftsmen it is recommended to take into account when laying sewer systems not only the requirements written on paper, but also the features of a particular region. Some basic data are very outdated, because even the Trans-Urals and Siberia are not threatened by severe cold. But there were reliable heaters that can compensate and low temperatures and protect the pipe from freezing. For the middle lane, for example, the Moscow region, depths are recommended:

50 cm for entry point sewer drain;
1.2–1.5 m for the main pipe with the required slope to the collector inlet.

Such a depth of laying sewer pipes in a country house is sufficient for uninterrupted flow of waste fluid. The temperature of the flowing liquid will save you from freezing in rare cold weather: water enters the sewer no colder room temperature. The system should not be filled with liquid: this is the main condition for uninterrupted operation. empty pipe it cannot freeze: the frost that appears is instantly washed off with warm liquid.

Video: how to properly lay sewer pipes in a country house

When creating an autonomous sewer system, coordination with the supervisory authorities is required. Consultation with a specialist with experience in a particular region is desirable. Even the SNiP states that the work on each of the landscaped areas is individual and must take into account the entire infrastructure of the zone.

Construction of any object - from a small private house to a large one industrial enterprise- can not do without the installation of plumbing systems responsible for supplying clean water and disposal of wastewater generated as a result of management. The manufacture of plumbing communications can be divided into two stages, where one is responsible for supplying water and creating a network pressure pipelines, and the second is necessary for the removal of drains and the construction of a sewerage system. And if there are usually no difficulties with the installation of a supply pressure water supply system, then in the manufacture of a non-pressure drainage network, the diameter and slopes of the pipes are taken into account, which exclude the occurrence of blockages, and the minimum depth of the sewerage, which prevents freezing of water flowing through the pipes in the cold season.

When designing a water pipeline consisting of an internal and external sewer network, it is necessary to take into account some factors that affect the initial cost of construction work and its further operation:

Physical properties of materials used for the manufacture of products for water supply and sewer networks;
The depth of the well intended for receiving wastewater;
Planning features of the location of the sewer collector or well, taking into account the terrain;
Estimated depth of soil freezing in the cold season;
Physical properties of soils in which the route of the water supply and sewerage network is laid;
Compliance of the parameters of the water supply and sewerage with the requirements of SNIP, which helps to avoid annoying errors during installation, guaranteeing the trouble-free operation of the system and the absence of claims from regulatory organizations.

Choosing pipe materials

There are several types shaped products and pipes used for laying inside the building and installing the sewer network outside. Inside the building are most often used smooth polypropylene pipes standard diameters, which are distinguished by ease of installation, low weight and reasonable cost. For laying external sewage, depending on the condition and types of soil, several types of pipes made of various materials can be used:

Smooth polymer pipes from polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride;
Polyethylene or polypropylene with a corrugated surface to increase strength;
Well-known from Soviet times, cast-iron and similar in appearance to steel;
Recently quite rare ceramic pipes and fittings.

Polymer pipes, the most popular among developers, reduce costs, speed up construction time and have excellent corrosion resistance, but the strength of a thin-walled polymer is significantly inferior to metal, which imposes certain restrictions on the depth of laying in the ground. With a significant depth of the pipeline, especially in heavily heaving soils, external communications are made of corrugated two-layer polyethylene pipes or cast iron fittings.

Receiving well depth

When designing a local sewage system, one should take into account the depth of the receiving well, where drains flow by gravity through pipelines various kinds. Calculating, according to the requirements of SNIP 2.04.03-85, the dimensions of the receiving well of the local sewer, you can find out its required depth, tied to the features of the relief of a particular site. Having calculated the useful volume of the receiving well, it is easy to determine it full size, taking as a reference point the depth of the passage through its wall of the sewer pipe.

Accounting for the terrain

For laying sewer pipelines operated in difficult terrain, you should correctly choose the direction of movement of wastewater and the location of the receiving well of the septic tank in order to avoid the use fecal pumps. If it is impossible to lay a sewer pipe in a straight line, it is necessary to avoid turns with an angle of 90 °, which impede the free movement of fluid.

Estimated depth of soil freezing

In order to correctly calculate the depth to which the soil freezes, you can refer to SNIP 2.01.01-82, entered into force on January 1, 1984, where there is a map climatic zones indicating the actual depth of soil freezing in most areas former USSR. This document regulates the minimum depth of laying sewer and water pipe different diameter. For example, sewer pipelines with a diameter of up to 500 mm can be laid to a depth of 0.3 m less than the calculated one, which affects the quantity and cost earthworks. The decrease in the depth of the communications through which wastewater is transported is due to the high initial temperature, which prevents the water from freezing in the pipe.

The depth of sewage in heavily heaving soils is allowed no higher than the freezing depth, with the additional formation of a cushion of non-heaving materials.

Physical properties of soil

In order to correctly select and lay sewer pipes, it is necessary to take into account and physical properties the surrounding soil. Sand, clay, stone and other types of soils have different effects on pipes, which may require additional construction works to minimize damaging effects. What soil requires additional protection can be found in SP 40-102-2000 - a set of rules for construction polymer pipelines. This document is based on several SNIPs and defines the necessary conditions laying pipes for water supply and sewerage.

Regulations

The basic norms and rules governing the construction of a water supply and sewer network determine all the necessary parameters of materials and types of construction work. In addition to those mentioned earlier, you should carefully study and use other regulatory documents in the calculation:

GOST 20276-85, which defines the characteristics of soils and methods for determining their deformability;
SNIP 2.04.01-85, which systematizes the rules for constructing an internal sewerage system and an external pipeline to the first well of a septic tank and some additional conditions for calculating sewer systems in special climatic conditions;
SNIP 2.04.03-85, which determine the procedure for calculating external networks and structures of sewer systems, the procedure for manufacturing and tracing pipelines. This document regulates the depth of the sewer pipes, what should be the depth of the receiving well;
SanPin 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03, where sanitary standards are indicated for all types of sewer facilities;

Correctly made using SNIP calculation, showing exactly what the minimum and maximum depth of the sewer system can be, can significantly reduce construction costs and ensure long-term trouble-free operation autonomous system wastewater treatment or disposal of sewage in central system sewerage.

The arrangement of the sewer system requires the most scrupulous attitude to all stages of the process, including depth, slope, and reliability of connections. Each of these factors has big influence on the performance of the entire system. Negligence is unacceptable here, if there is no self-confidence, it is better to turn to professionals.

Laying depth of the sewer system

Modern sewer systems significantly improve the standard of living in a private house. If in previous years a toilet on the street was perceived as an unpleasant necessity, inseparable from a private house, today it is a sign of laziness of the owners or their extremely low income. Moreover, in the first case, you can get out of the situation by hiring professionals who will perform absolutely all the work.

The depth of the pipeline depends on the depth of the septic tank.

Advice! The pipe laid between the building and the septic tank must be straight. Knees, turns will provoke the appearance of blockages.

Before arranging the sewer system, you should find out what is the average freezing depth in your area. Pipes need to be laid a little lower than these figures. Usually, the depth at which sewer pipes are located in a private house in the south is more than 50 cm. In the central part of the country, where the climate is harsher, the depth of sewerage in a private house is at least 70 cm. These figures are especially significant if sewer pipes are located under the platforms or under the paths, which in winter period free from snow.

Features of laying sewer pipes

Laying sewer pipes must be carried out in accordance with the following rules:

pipes of the required diameter must be used;
must be respected standard rate slope (about 0.03 m per 1 running meter pipes);
it is permissible to use pipes from different materials, but in one pipeline, the pipes must match in material.

The depth of the pipeline can be determined based on the following points:

the nature of the site (its relief, soil features);
the exit point of the sewer pipe from the house.

The angle of inclination is needed so that the wastewater flows by gravity, in this case it is not necessary to install a pump, excess dirt will not accumulate inside the pipe, which can cause blockages. For the same purpose, the outer part of the system is performed without turns. Here, indoors, the sewerage laying scheme in a private house allows pipe turns, this will not become a serious obstacle to the functionality of the system. If you allow the outer part of the sewer system to turn, then you will definitely have to tear off these pipes,. Therefore, neglect of these rules can create a very serious problems which are not always really quick to solve.

Advice! If it is impossible to lay a sewer pipe without turns, a well must be made at the place of the turn, into which it will always be possible to penetrate and eliminate the blockage in this area. This technique allows you to lay a sewer pipeline in any area.

Why is laying depth important?

The main reason for the need for too careful attention to the depth of pipe laying is the possibility of freezing. If this happens in the middle of winter, the residents of the house will be left without the ability to use the sewer until warm days when the frost melts. Even minimal ice buildup inside the pipes will lead to blockages and a decrease or complete cessation of patency. This is a natural result of the narrowing of the lumen of the pipe. Wells contribute to getting rid of emerging blockages at the places where pipes turn in the external system.

Such convenient fixture allows you to control the work of the sewerage, in time to eliminate emerging problems. It is not very difficult to make it, but it brings a lot of comfort to the operation process.

Accounting for the depth of soil freezing is a fundamental requirement. In order not to spend money on arranging deeper trenches than necessary, you need to have a clear idea of the depth of soil freezing in a given area. Below is a table to help guide you in this matter.

How to properly equip thermal insulation?

In cold regions, it is recommended to supplement the sewer pipeline with thermal insulation. This approach allows you to extend service life, exclude the possibility of freezing at very low temperatures. Most often, polyurethane foam is taken for this purpose. If the pipe is wrapped with polyurethane foam, and a polyethylene sheath is made on top, the pipe will not be afraid of frost.

If pipes are laid below the possible freezing point, then the pipes will never freeze. In this case additional protection made for extreme cold weather. When performing thermal insulation, special attention is paid to joints and turning points. It is these zones that tolerate the effects of cold quite poorly. So warming the turning points is a must.

In Europe, a more technologically advanced method is used. An electric cable is launched near the pipeline; if necessary, it acts as a heater for the pipe. For many residents of our country, this method is too expensive, because paying for energy is not the smallest item of expenditure. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the depth of pipe laying. In the central regions, it is better to choose a depth of 1m. And in the northern regions, it is desirable to dig deeper trenches and carry out high-quality thermal insulation. To do this, you can either fiberglass. If the pipes are located above the ground, they are also insulated with similar materials. Since they can fill with water, .

Video - Installation of external sewerage and insulation

The interior of the sewer system of a private house

For uninterrupted operation sewers must comply with the requirements for the diameter of the pipes:

The external part of the sewer system of a private house

The main requirement is to ensure proper bias. Only proper drain- drift. Too much low speed will lead to blockages. Too fast movement of effluents - to accelerate the destruction of pipes.

The sewerage laying scheme in a private house includes a characteristic of the features of the pipe exit from the room. The rules for removing a pipe from a house depend on the type of foundation. At strip foundation the output is arranged on the side. With slab - the pipe is laid from top to bottom, for this a pipe section and a 45 ° elbow are used. To equip the sewer, a pipe-sleeve is laid in the foundation in advance, through which the main pipeline is then removed. Such a base is needed to protect the pipeline from excessive pressure and potential destruction.

From the exit point to the septic tank / cesspool the pipe is laid evenly, without bends. In the septic tank, the drain pipe is inserted at the top. This is done to provide a place for the accumulation of waste.

In order not to be mistaken in the depth of laying the pipe, you need to find out how things are with the neighbors who have already equipped their own drain. If they have problems with pipe freezing, you need to dig your pipe deeper. No matter how deep the pipe lies, in any case, a slope is needed. Usually they make 2 - 3 cm per linear meter.

Must be done first detailed diagram piping inside the house. This will reduce time and financial costs by providing all the best options.
Pipes are carried out towards the riser or to the septic tank, sharp corners are excluded.
The riser on each floor must be equipped with a tee designed to service the sewer system for quick cleaning.

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