Medicinal plants. Preparations with sage extract

Sage is a shrub or herbaceous plant, which is known in traditional medicine their medicinal properties. There are several subspecies of sage, the most common being medicinal sage and clary sage.

Benefits for the body

Sage inflorescences and leaves contain very valuable components, here are some of them:

Linalool;
Acetic acid;
Pinen;
aromatic resins;
Flavonoids;
Formic acid;
Tannins.

The plant has an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and tonic effect.

Treatment of diseases

Sage is used as an adjunct in the treatment of the following diseases:

Diseases gastrointestinal tract;
Diseases of the liver and kidneys;
Viral and colds;
Wounds, cuts, bleeding;
gum problems;
Diseases of the larynx.

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to consult the attending physician, since sage is not always combined with the simultaneous use of medications.

Contraindications

Sage is contraindicated in acute nephritis, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Collection and storage of sage

Sage leaves are harvested during the budding period, and the flowers of this plant can be collected up to three times per season, from late spring to mid-autumn.

After harvesting, sage leaves and flowers should be spread evenly over a wide sheet of clean paper and left to dry completely in a dark and well-ventilated area.

homemade recipes

Sage is very often combined with others. medicinal herbs, and do it to enhance the treatment effect. Most often, sage is mixed in various proportions with chamomile, which enhances the antimicrobial effect of this plant. During a cold, a good gargle for the throat will come from a decoction of sage, mint and calendula. St. John's wort as an additive to the decoction is used for more serious diseases, this plant has a number of contraindications, it is better to refrain from using it without consulting a doctor.

Sage decoction

Cooking

1 st. a spoonful of sage should be poured with 1 cup of boiling water and heated in a water bath for 10-15 minutes, then let the broth cool, and then strain it through 2-3 layers of gauze.

Application

A decoction of sage is used for digestive problems, internal inflammatory processes, to increase the likelihood of conception, as well as to stop lactation in women. The dosage is individual depending on the state of health, but as a rule, the decoction is taken orally three times a day, a third of a glass before meals.

A decoction of this plant can be drunk only in the absence of contraindications. Treatment with sage should not last more than 3 months.

Sage tea

Cooking

20 grams of sage is poured with 1 cup of boiling water and infused in a thermos for 1 hour, then the infusion is tediously strained through several layers of gauze and stored for no more than 12 hours.

Application

Sage infusion is used for external use as lotions, compresses, wiping problematic facial skin and rinsing hair.

Preparations with sage extract

Sage hydrolate (sage water)

An antiseptic used in cosmetology for facial skin and hair care.

Indications for use:

Enlarged pores of the face;
Oily skin;
acne;
Acne;
Dandruff;
Dullness and increased oiliness of hair.

Read the instructions for use, allergic reactions are possible.

Essential oil

Sage essential oil is well suited as an additional component for the preparation of masks for the face, hair and body, and is also used to treat wounds.

In the absence of contraindications, sage oil can be used to stop bleeding in young children.

Lozenges

These pills are designed to relieve symptoms colds help with cough and relieve sore throat.

The drug is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women.

Sage of Foretellers, or narcotic sage(lat. Salvia divinorum) - a plant species from the genus sage, from the leaves of which the psychoactive hallucinogen salvinorin A is obtained. Known in culture by the transliteration of his Latin name Salvia divinorum.

Biological description

Salvia divinorum has no significant differences in structure from other members of its genus. Rhizome, perennial, herbaceous in the initial period, and then a semi-shrub plant. Grows in subtropical climate. In the absence of frost, it grows throughout the year.

Spreading

Development conditions

cultural history

The soothsayer sage is native to the Sierra Madre region ( English) of the Mexican state of Oaxaca, where the plant is still used by the Mazatec Indians, mainly in shamanistic rites, and also - in smaller doses - as a diuretic or remedy for diarrhea, anemia, headache, rheumatism and an ailment known as panzón de borrego(bloating).

The plant was discovered and first described in 1939 by Jean Basset Johnson. Jean Basset Johnson ), who studied Native American shamanism.

Mechanism of influence [what?] was not established until the 1990s, when a group of American ethnobotanist Daniel Siebert took up the study. Daniel Siebert ) .

The history of plant cultivation has not been studied enough, there are only assumptions. Since the range of this species is quite small, and the indigenous people who use it belong to one group of Indians, the plant either comes from this area or was cultivated by some other group of Indians.

Gordon Wasson experimentally showed that this plant could be a mythological sacred plant, which was mentioned among the Aztecs under the name "pipiltzintzintli" . Wasson's suggestion was the subject of criticism from other ethnobotanists, including the skeptical Linder Valdes ( Leander J. Valdes) and Jonathan Ott ( Jonathan Ott) .

Along with some other plants (for example, Quararibea funebris) the sage of the soothsayers was put forward as another mysterious plant of the Aztecs, known as "poyomatli".

Active ingredients

The main psychoactive substances contained in the leaves Salvia divinorum, are salvinorin A and salvinorin B, belonging to the group of complex organic compounds diterpenes. Salvia divinorum contains other fractions of these compounds (C, D, E, etc.), but their concentration is relatively low, and the effect is poorly understood. The content of salvinorin in fresh leaves is 0.022%, in dry leaves - 0.18%.

Legislative restrictions

Since December 31, 2009, in Russia, salvia has been included in List I of the List of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors subject to control in the Russian Federation (traffic is prohibited). This was preceded by a decision dated April 9, 2009 by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of Russia to ban the circulation of a number of smoking mixtures and flavors (including predictors containing sage) due to the content of toxic substances in their composition. In Australia, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Finland, Sweden, Estonia, Japan, Latvia, several US states, since May 2009 Salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum listed as controlled substances. These states have established appropriate control measures for their production and circulation.

Write a review on the article "Sage of Foretellers"

Notes

Literature

Human Physiology Compendium / edited by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences B.I. Tkachenko and prof. V.F Pyatina. - 2nd edition corrected and revised. - Samara Printing House., 2002. - 416 p. - ISBN 5-7350-0335-6.

An excerpt characterizing the Sage of the Foretellers

The extreme cavalry guard, a huge, pockmarked man, frowned angrily when he saw Rostov in front of him, with whom he would inevitably collide. This cavalry guard would certainly have knocked down Rostov with his Bedouin (Rostov himself seemed so small and weak in comparison with these huge people and horses), if he had not guessed to wave a whip in the eyes of a cavalry guard horse. The black, heavy, five-inch horse shied away, laying its ears; but the pockmarked cavalry guard drove huge spurs into her flanks, and the horse, waving its tail and stretching out its neck, rushed even faster. As soon as the cavalry guards passed Rostov, he heard their cry: "Hurrah!" and looking around, he saw that their front ranks were mixed with strangers, probably French, cavalrymen in red epaulettes. It was impossible to see anything further, because immediately after that, cannons began to shoot from somewhere, and everything was covered with smoke.
At that moment, as the cavalry guards, passing him, disappeared into the smoke, Rostov hesitated whether to gallop after them or go where he needed to. It was that brilliant attack of the cavalry guards, which surprised the French themselves. Rostov was terrified to hear later that out of all this mass of huge handsome people, out of all these brilliant, on thousands of horses, rich young men, officers and cadets who galloped past him, only eighteen people remained after the attack.
“What should I envy, mine will not leave, and now, perhaps, I will see the sovereign!” thought Rostov and galloped on.
As he drew level with the guards infantry, he noticed that cannonballs were flying through and around her, not so much because he heard the sound of cannonballs, but because he saw anxiety on the faces of the soldiers and on the faces of the officers - an unnatural, militant solemnity.
Driving behind one of the lines of infantry guards regiments, he heard a voice calling him by name.
- Rostov!
- What? he replied, not recognizing Boris.
– What is it? hit the first line! Our regiment went on the attack! - said Boris, smiling with that happy smile that young people have when they have been in a fire for the first time.
Rostov stopped.
– That's how! - he said. - Well?
- Repulsed! - Boris said animatedly, becoming chatty. - You can imagine?
And Boris began to tell how the guards, having taken their place and seeing the troops in front of them, mistook them for the Austrians and suddenly learned from the cannonballs fired from these troops that they were in the first line, and unexpectedly had to join the case. Rostov, without listening to Boris, touched his horse.
- Where are you going? Boris asked.
- To His Majesty with a commission.
- Here he is! - said Boris, who heard that Rostov needed his highness, instead of his majesty.
And he pointed out to him the Grand Duke, who, a hundred paces from them, in a helmet and in a cavalry guard coat, with his raised shoulders and furrowed eyebrows, was shouting something to an Austrian white and pale officer.
- Yes, it is Grand Duke, and to me to the commander-in-chief or to the sovereign, ”said Rostov and touched the horse.
- Count, Count! Berg shouted, as animated as Boris, running up from the other side, “Count, I’m in right hand wounded (he said, showing his hand, bloodied, tied with a handkerchief) and remained in the front. Count, I hold a sword in my left hand: in our breed of von Berg, Count, all were knights.
Berg said something else, but Rostov, without listening to the end, had already gone on.
Having passed the guards and an empty gap, Rostov, in order not to fall back into the first line, as he fell under the attack of the cavalry guards, rode along the line of reserves, going far around the place where the hottest shooting and cannonade were heard. Suddenly, in front of him and behind our troops, in a place where he could not in any way suspect the enemy, he heard close gunfire.
"What could it be? thought Rostov. - Is the enemy in the rear of our troops? It can’t be, thought Rostov, and the horror of fear for himself and for the outcome of the whole battle suddenly came over him. “Whatever it is, though,” he thought, “there is nothing to go around now. I must look for the commander-in-chief here, and if everything is lost, then it is my business to die together with everyone.
The bad feeling that suddenly came over Rostov was confirmed more and more, the farther he drove into the space occupied by crowds of heterogeneous troops, located outside the village of Prats.
- What? What? Who are they shooting at? Who is shooting? Rostov asked, leveling with the Russian and Austrian soldiers, who fled in mixed crowds to cut across his roads.
"The devil knows?" Beat everyone! Get lost everything! - Answered him in Russian, German and Czech crowds fleeing and not understanding exactly the same as he did what was happening here.
- Beat the Germans! one shouted.
- And the devil take them, - traitors.
- Zum Henker diese Ruesen ... [To hell with these Russians ...] - the German grumbled something.
Several wounded were walking along the road. Curses, screams, groans merged into one common rumble. The shooting died down and, as Rostov later found out, Russian and Austrian soldiers were shooting at each other.
"My God! what is it? thought Rostov. “And here, where at any moment the sovereign can see them… But no, it’s true, these are just a few scoundrels. This will pass, this is not it, this cannot be, he thought. “Just hurry, hurry through them!”
The thought of defeat and flight could not enter Rostov's head. Although he had seen French guns and troops precisely on the Pracen mountain, on the very one where he was ordered to look for the commander-in-chief, he could not and did not want to believe this.

Near the village of Pratsa, Rostov was ordered to look for Kutuzov and the sovereign. But not only were they not here, but there was not a single commander, but there were heterogeneous crowds of disordered troops.
He urged on his already tired horse in order to quickly pass these crowds, but the farther he moved, the more upset the crowds became. By high road, on which he left, carriages, carriages of all kinds, Russian and Austrian soldiers, of all branches of the military, wounded and unwounded, crowded. All this buzzed and swarmed mixedly to the gloomy sound of flying cannonballs from the French batteries placed on the Pracen Heights.
- Where is the Emperor? where is Kutuzov? - Rostov asked everyone he could stop, and could not get an answer from anyone.
Finally, grabbing the soldier by the collar, he forced him to answer himself.
- E! brother! Everyone has been there for a long time, forward fled! - the soldier said to Rostov, laughing at something and breaking free.
Leaving this soldier, who was obviously drunk, Rostov stopped the horse of the batman or the caretaker of an important person and began to question him. The batman announced to Rostov that an hour ago the sovereign had been driven at full speed in a carriage along this very road, and that the sovereign was dangerously wounded.
“It can’t be,” said Rostov, “that’s right, someone else.”
“I saw it myself,” said the batman with a self-confident grin. - It’s time for me to know the sovereign: it seems how many times in Petersburg I saw it like that. Pale, pale, sitting in a carriage. As soon as he let the four blacks, my fathers, he thundered past us: it seems time to know both the royal horses and Ilya Ivanovich; it seems that the coachman does not travel with another, like with Tsar Ilya.
Rostov let his horse go and wanted to go on. A wounded officer walking by turned to him.
- Whom do you need? the officer asked. - Commander-in-Chief? So he was killed with a cannonball, he was killed in the chest with our regiment.
“Not killed, wounded,” another officer corrected.
- Yes, who? Kutuzov? Rostov asked.
- Not Kutuzov, but how do you put it, - well, yes, everything is the same, not many are left alive. Go over there, over there, to that village, all the authorities have gathered there, - this officer said, pointing to the village of Gostieradek, and passed by.
Rostov rode at a pace, not knowing why and to whom he would now go. The sovereign is wounded, the battle is lost. It was impossible not to believe it now. Rostov was driving in the direction indicated to him and along which the tower and the church could be seen in the distance. Where was he in a hurry? What was he to say now to the sovereign or Kutuzov, even if they were alive and not wounded?
“Go along this road, your honor, and they’ll kill you right here,” the soldier shouted to him. - They'll kill you!
- O! what are you saying! said the other. – Where will he go? It's closer here.
Rostov thought about it and went exactly in the direction where he was told that they would kill him.
“Now it doesn’t matter: if the sovereign is wounded, can I really take care of myself?” he thought. He drove into the space where most of the people who fled from Pracen died. The French had not yet occupied this place, and the Russians, those who were alive or wounded, had long since left it. On the field, like shocks on a good arable land, there were ten people, fifteen killed, wounded on every tithe of the place. The wounded crawled down in twos, threes together, and unpleasant, sometimes feigned, as it seemed to Rostov, their cries and groans were heard. Rostov trotted his horse so as not to see all these suffering people, and he became afraid. He was afraid not for his life, but for the courage he needed and which, he knew, would not withstand the sight of these unfortunates.

Salvia officinalis - Salvia officinalis L.

Lamiaceae family - Lamiaceae

Other names:

- sage

- shavliy

Botanical characteristic. Semi-shrub 20-50 cm high. In the lower part, the stems are branched, rounded, woody, in the upper part - herbaceous, tetrahedral, gray-green. The leaves are simple, oblong-lanceolate in shape, with a blunt apex, often with lobed outgrowths along the edge at the base, arranged oppositely, gray-green in color. The flowers are usually blue-violet, collected in false whorls, have two stamens and a two-lipped corolla, form spike-shaped inflorescences. The fruit splits into 4 fruitlets. The plant has a strong aromatic smell. Flowering in June-July, fruiting in August-September.

Spreading. Homeland sage - Mediterranean. It is not found in the wild in the country. Cultivated in specialized state farms (Moldova, Ukraine, Krasnodar region, Crimea, North Caucasus).

Habitat. The plant is heat-loving, drought-resistant. For culture, fertile sunlit areas are isolated, remote from dusty roads, so as not to dust the leaves. Comfort the soil with humus, compost with the addition of superphosphate. Propagated by seeds, sowing depth 2-3 cm, together with beacon plants (buckwheat). Row spacing 60 cm. The soil is loosened until sage shoots, guided by beacon shoots. Shoots of sage break through, weed, weeds are destroyed. Rejuvenates the plant spring pruning stems (8-10 cm from the soil surface). Fertilize chicken manure, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. They grow in one place for about 5 years. Average yield leaf 12 kg / ha.

Preparation of raw materials, primary processing, drying. Harvested during the summer leaves are fully developed. Collection is mainly mechanized way sometimes by hand. The grass is mowed with mowers, dried on currents or in dryers, then threshed, the leaves are separated from the stems by sifting through a sieve.

Standardization. The quality of sage leaves must comply with the requirements of GF XI and Amend. No. 1.

Security measures. Thickets are recovering slowly. Do not damage the roots when harvesting.

External signs. According to GF XI, the raw material is whole leaves 6-10 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, elongated-lanceolate, with a fine-meshed surface, fine-crested edge, gray-green in color. The smell is fragrant, specific. The taste is bitter-spicy, slightly astringent. According to the FS, threshed raw materials should consist of pieces of leaves various shapes 1 to 25 mm in size and whole young leaves 1 to 33 mm in size with a small amount of other parts of the plant. The quality of raw materials is reduced by browned parts, impurities of stems, organs of other plants, mineral impurities. The authenticity of raw materials is established by morphological features and microscopically. Under the microscope one can see characteristic "whip-shaped" hairs, consisting of 1-4 short thick-walled cells and a long curved end cell, in addition, there are capitate hairs with a spherical head on 1-2 cell legs and glands with essential oil, characteristic of the Lamiaceae family.

Microscopy.Whole raw material. For the diagnosis of raw materials, a number of signs of the anatomical structure of the leaf are used. On the surface micropreparations of leaves, round glands characteristic of labiales are found, numerous simple multicellular hairs with a long curved terminal cell, capitate hairs with a one- and three-celled stalk and a one- and two-celled head, and diacytic stomata located mainly on the underside. The epidermis of the upper side of the leaf is slightly sinuous-walled, the lower epidermis with more sinuous walls.

Powder. When examining the powder, fragments of the epidermis of the leaf are visible, bearing diagnostic features characteristic of sage: hairs of two types and glands.

Numerical indicators.Whole raw material. The content of essential oil is not less than 0.8%; humidity no more than 14%; total ash not more than 12%; blackened and browned leaves no more than 5%; other parts of the plant (flowers and pieces of stems) no more than 13%; particles passing through a sieve with holes of 0.5 mm, not more than 10%; organic impurities not more than 3%, mineral - not more than 0.5%.

Powder. The content of essential oil is not less than 0.8%; humidity no more than 14%; total ash not more than 12%; particles that do not pass through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 2 mm, not more than 15%; particles passing through a sieve with holes of 0.25 mm, not more than 5%.

Microbiological purity. In accordance with GF XI, no. 2, p. 187 and Amendment to GF XI, dated 28.12.95, category 5.2.

Chemical composition. The leaves contain an essential oil (0.5-2.5%), which includes cineol (up to 15%), l-a-thujone, d-b-thujone, d-a-pinene, salvene, d-borneol, d-camphor, zest. According to FS and SP XI, an essential oil content of at least 0.8% in whole raw materials is required. In addition, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, ursolic, oleanic and chlorogenic acids, vitamin P, nicotinic acid, bitterness, phytoncides, uvaol, paradiphenol were found in the leaves. A fatty oil containing linoleic acid glyceride has been isolated from the seeds. In the roots found quinones - royleanones.

Storage. In pharmacies they are stored in closed boxes, in warehouses - in fabric and paper multilayer bags and bales according to the rules for storing essential oil raw materials. The essential oil content is checked annually. Shelf life is limited to 1 year 6 months.

pharmacological properties. Infusions and decoctions of sage leaves have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory properties. Antimicrobial properties are associated with essential oil, anti-inflammatory - with tannins, flavonoid compounds and vitamin P, which thicken epithelial tissues, reduce the permeability of cell membranes, the walls of blood and lymphatic vessels. Antiseptic properties sage leaves are due to the plant antibiotic salvin. Salvin not only delays the reproduction of Staphylococcus aureus, but also inactivates its a-toxin, suppresses its hemolytic and dermatonecrotic properties. Essential oil of sage has antifungal activity.

Infusions of sage leaves, containing bitterness and essential oils, increase the secretory activity of the gastrointestinal tract, have a slight antispasmodic effect.

Medicines. Sage leaf, infusion, fees (pectoral, emollient), the drug "Salvin".

Application. The healing properties of sage have been known since ancient times. Traditionally, the use of warm sage infusion for rinsing with acute tonsillitis and chronic tonsillitis, acute respiratory diseases, stomatitis, gingivitis, aphthous lesions of the oral cavity, cheilitis, as well as for the treatment of pulpitis. Infusions for rinsing are prepared like tea, often adding 1/2 teaspoon boric acid for a glass of infusion.

Sage leaf is used as an anti-inflammatory and hemostatic agent for inflammation of hemorrhoids. Usually sage leaves are included in complex fees. For example, the following collection is used: sage and chamomile leaves 20 g each, oak bark 60 g. Oak bark is poured 1 liter hot water, insist for 1 hour, boil for 15 minutes, add sage and chamomile leaves to the boiling broth, remove from heat, cool. Cold broth is moistened with napkins from 3-4-layer gauze, slightly squeezed and applied to the anal area, changing the napkins as they heat up 2-3 times a day. The duration of the procedure is 15 minutes. The broth is stored in the refrigerator for 2-3 days.

Sage is used in a complex of therapeutic measures for articular rheumatism, chronic inflammatory and metabolic-dystrophic diseases of the joints, deforming osteoarthrosis, with sciatica, intervertebral osteochondrosis in the form of general or local baths, for applications. For better penetration components medicinal plant through the skin, sage preparations are used using phonophoresis.

General and local baths with infusion of sage leaves are used for eczema, psoriasis, neurodermatitis, intertriginous epidermophytosis. An infusion of sage leaves is used for psoriasis inside 1 tablespoon 3 times a day and externally in the form of baths of 50-100 g of leaves in a bucket of water.

An infusion of sage leaves (10.0:200.0) is used for gastritis accompanied by low acidity, as well as for spastic colitis. The infusion is taken warm, 1/3 cup before meals 2-3 times a day.

For the treatment of patients with chronic nonspecific prostatitis, sage leaves are used in combination with other plants. The sage leaf is part of a number of gastric and chest collections.

Salvin (Salvinum) is a plant antibiotic isolated from the leaves of sage medicinal (the extract is available in vials as a 1% solution of 10 ml). It is used as an astringent, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent for chronic inflammatory diseases oral cavity, catarrhal and ulcerative necrotic gingivitis, stomatitis, periodontal disease. An alcohol solution (1%) is diluted 4-10 times with distilled water or isotonic sodium chloride solution before use. The solution is lubricated with the affected mucous membranes, used for irrigation, applications, wetting of turundas introduced into periodontal pockets. The course of treatment consists of 2-10 procedures.

Dry sage leaves are produced in packs of 50 g. To prepare an infusion, 10 g of sage leaves are poured into a glass of boiling water, heated in a water bath for 15 minutes, infused for 20 minutes, cooled, filtered. The infusion is stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days.

Salvia officinalis (salvia, also called garden sage or salvia) is a perennial evergreen subshrub with woody stems, greyish leaves and blue or purple flowers. The plant belongs to the Lamiaceae family, and is native to the Mediterranean region, although it is naturalized in many places around the world. He has long history medicinal and culinary uses and is currently used as an ornamental garden plant. The common name "sage" is also used to refer to a number of related and unrelated species.

Titles

Salvia officinalis has numerous names. Some of the better known include sage, common sage, garden sage, golden sage, culinary sage, Dalmatian sage, and broadleaf sage. Cultivated forms include purple and red sage. In Turkey, sage officinalis is commonly known as adaçayı, meaning "island tea". In the Levant this plant is called maramia. The specific designation medicinal refers to plants with a well-known medicinal or culinary value.

Taxonomy

Salvia officinalis was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It has been cultivated for centuries in the Old World for culinary and medicinal uses, and is often described in old herb collections for its many miraculous properties attributed to it. The specific epithet "medicinal" (officinalis) refers to medical use plants - officina was the traditional pantry of the monastery, where herbs and medicines were stored. Subsequently, sage officinalis has been classified under numerous other scientific names, including six various titles after 1940.

Description

The cultivars vary greatly in size, leaf and flower color, and leaf pattern, and there are many species with variegated leaves. The type common in the Old World grows to about 2 feet (0.61 m) tall and wide, most often with lavender flowers, although they can also be white, pink, or purple. Blooms in late spring or summer. The leaves are oblong, up to 6.4 cm long and 2.5 cm wide. The leaves are gray-green, wrinkled on the upper side, and almost white below due to numerous short soft hairs. Modern cultivars include leaves with purple, pink, plum and yellow variegated combinations.

Story

Salvia officinalis has been used since ancient times as a remedy for warding off evil, against snake bites, to increase the fertility of women, and for many other purposes. Theophrastus described two different types sage, a wild shrub which he called "sphakos" and similar cultivated plant, which he called "elelisphakos". Pliny the Elder said that last plant the Romans called sage, and used it as a diuretic, a local anesthetic for the skin, a hemostatic agent, and for other purposes. During the early Middle Ages, the plant was recommended by Charlemagne, and during the Carolingian Empire it was cultivated in monastic gardens. Walafrid Strabo described sage in his poem Hortulus as having a sweet fragrance and being useful in curing many human ailments. The author named the plant lelifagus. The plant was highly valued throughout the Middle Ages, with many referring to it healing properties. Sage was sometimes called Salvia salvatrix (savior sage) and was part of an herbal mixture called Four Thieves Vinegar, which was supposed to ward off the plague. Dioscorides, Pliny, and Galen recommended the use of sage as a diuretic, hemostatic, emmenagogue, and tonic.

Sage: properties

Common sage is grown in parts of Europe for essential oil distillation, although other sage species, such as bush sage, may also be harvested and processed with it. In Britain, for generations, sage has been considered a staple herb, along with parsley, rosemary, and thyme (as in the folk song "Scarborough Fair"). It has a spicy, slightly spicy taste. Sage is present in many European cuisines, in particular Italian, Balkan and Middle Eastern cuisines. British and American cuisines traditionally use sage and onion stuffing for roast turkey or chicken at Christmas or Thanksgiving. Sage is also included in other dishes such as pork casserole, Sage Derby cheese and Lincolnshire sausages. Despite the fact that for french cuisine characterized by the use of traditional and available herbs, sage is not widely used in this cuisine. In traditional Austrian medicine, sage herb was taken orally (in the form of a tea or directly) to treat diseases of the respiratory tract, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and skin. The words "salvia" and "sage" are derived from the Latin "salvere" (to preserve), in reference to the healing properties long attributed to various types salvia. At different historical stages, man used the power of plants to treat almost all diseases. Current evidence indicates that sage can be used as an anti-fever, antibiotic, antifungal, astringent, antispasmodic, estrogenic, hypoglycemic, and tonic. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, sage was shown to be effective tool for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The most active components of sage are contained in its essential oils containing cineol, borneol and thujone. Sage leaf contains tannic, oleic, ursonic, ursolic acids, corosal, corosolic, fumaric, chlorogenic, caffeic acids, niacin, flavones, flavonoid glycosides and estrogenic substances. There have been studies on the use of sage to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease. Sage leaf extract can be effective and safe means in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Varieties

In horticulture with favorable conditions, Sh. officinalis can reach significant sizes (up to 1 square meter or more), but there are a number of more compact varieties. Such varieties are used as small decorative flowering shrubs. Some of them provide low ground cover, especially in sunny dry environments. Like many herbs, sage is harmed by cold, wet winters, especially if the soil is poorly drained. However, sage is easily propagated from summer cuttings, and some varieties are propagated from seed. Horticultural varieties of sage include:

"Alba" , a variety with white flowers "Aurea", golden sage "Berggarten", a variety with large leaves, which rarely blooms, prolonging the life of the leaves of "Extrakta", has leaves with high concentrations of oil "Icterina", a variety with yellow-green variegated leaves "Lavandulaefolia", a variety with small leaves "Purpurascens" ("purple"), a sage variety with purple leaves"Tricolor", cultivar with white, yellow and green variegated leaves

Categories

Popular

Medicinal plants. Preparations with sage extract

Benefits for the body

Treatment of diseases

Contraindications

Collection and storage of sage

homemade recipes

Sage decoction

Cooking

Application

Sage tea

Cooking

Application

Preparations with sage extract

Sage hydrolate (sage water)

Essential oil

Lozenges

Biological description

Spreading

Development conditions

cultural history

Active ingredients

Legislative restrictions

Write a review on the article "Sage of Foretellers"

Notes

Literature

Links

An excerpt characterizing the Sage of the Foretellers

Salvia officinalis - Salvia officinalis L.

Lamiaceae family - Lamiaceae

Other names:

- sage

- sage

- shavliy

Titles

Taxonomy

Description

Story

Sage: properties

Varieties