Cotoneaster chokeberry: description and useful properties. Cotoneaster in the garden - a shrub that likes to be cut Cotoneaster latin name
seed propagation in the garden strawberry familiar to us, unfortunately, leads to the appearance of less productive plants and weaker bushes. But another type of these sweet berries - alpine strawberries, can be successfully grown from seeds. Let's learn about the main advantages and disadvantages of this crop, consider the main varieties and features of agricultural technology. The information presented in this article will help you decide whether it is worth giving her a place in the berry.
Often, at the sight of a beautiful flower, we instinctively bend over to smell its fragrance. All fragrant flowers can be divided into two large groups: nocturnal (pollinated by night butterflies) and diurnal, whose pollinators are mainly bees. Both groups of plants are important for the grower and designer, because we often walk in the garden during the day and relax in our favorite corners with the onset of the evening. We are never put off by the fragrance of our favorite fragrant flowers.
Pumpkin is considered by many gardeners to be the queen of the beds. And not only because of its size, variety of shapes and colors, but also for excellent taste, useful qualities and a rich harvest. Pumpkin contains a large amount of carotene, iron, various vitamins and minerals. Due to the possibility of long-term storage, this vegetable maintains our health all year round. If you decide to plant a pumpkin on your site, you will be interested to know how to get the largest possible harvest.
Scotch eggs are amazing! Try to cook this dish at home, there is nothing difficult to prepare. Scotch eggs are a hard boiled egg wrapped in minced meat, breaded in flour, egg and breadcrumbs and deep fried. For frying, you need a frying pan with a high rim, and if you have a deep fryer, then it's just great - even less hassle. You will also need deep-frying oil so as not to smoke the kitchen. Choose farm eggs for this recipe.
One of the most amazing large-flowered tub cubanola Dominican fully justifies the status of a tropical miracle. Heat-loving, slow-growing, with huge and in many ways unique bells of flowers, cubanola is a fragrant star with a difficult character. She demands special conditions content in the rooms. But for those who are looking for exclusive plants for their interior, the best (and more chocolatey) candidate for the role of indoor giant cannot be found.
Chickpea Curry with Meat is a hearty hot dish for lunch or dinner inspired by Indian cuisine. This curry is quick to prepare, but requires pre-preparation. Chickpeas need to be soaked in in large numbers cold water for several hours, preferably at night, the water can be changed several times. It is also better to leave the meat in the marinade overnight so that it turns out juicy and tender. Then you should boil the chickpeas until tender and then cook the curry according to the recipe.
Rhubarb can not be found on everyone garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jam, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruits and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! A large green or red rosette of plant leaves, resembling burdock, protrudes beautiful background for one year olds. Not surprisingly, rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.
Today, experiments with non-banal combinations and non-standard colors in the garden are in trend. For example, plants with black inflorescences have become very fashionable. All black flowers are original and specific, and it is important for them to be able to select suitable partners and location. Therefore, this article will not only introduce you to the range of plants with slate-black inflorescences, but also teach you the intricacies of using such mystical plants in garden design.
3 delicious sandwiches - cucumber sandwich, chicken sandwich, cabbage sandwich with meat - great idea for a quick bite or for a picnic in nature. Only fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and a little spice. There are no onions in these sandwiches, you can add marinated in balsamic vinegar an onion in any of the sandwiches, it will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, it remains to collect a picnic basket and go to the nearest green lawn.
Depending on the variety group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground, is: for early tomatoes- 45-50 days, average maturation - 55-60 and late dates- not less than 70 days. When planting tomato seedlings in more than young age the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality crop of tomatoes also depends on the careful implementation of the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.
unpretentious plants The “second plan” of sansevieria does not seem boring to those who appreciate minimalism. They are better than other indoor decorative foliage stars for collections that require minimum care. Stable decorative effect and extreme endurance of only one type of sansevieria are also combined with compactness and very fast growth - Khan's rosette sansevieria. The squat rosettes of their stiff leaves create striking clusters and patterns.
One of the brightest months of the garden calendar pleasantly surprises with a balanced distribution of favorable and unsuccessful days for working with plants. lunar calendar. Gardening and gardening in June can be done throughout the month, while the unfavorable periods are very short and still allow you to do useful work. There will be their optimal days for sowing with plantings, and for pruning, and for a pond, and even for construction work.
Meat with mushrooms in a pan is an inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for a regular lunch and for a festive menu. Pork will cook quickly, veal and chicken too, so this meat is preferable for the recipe. Mushrooms - fresh champignons, in my opinion, the most good choice for homemade stew. Forest gold - mushrooms, boletus and other goodies are best harvested for the winter. Boiled rice or mashed potatoes are ideal as a side dish.
I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious and with an interesting, non-trivial foliage color. I have different Japanese spireas, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry ... And there is one special shrub that I will talk about in this article - the viburnum vesicle. To make my dream of a low maintenance garden come true, it's probably the perfect fit. At the same time, it is able to diversify the picture in the garden very much, moreover, from spring to autumn.
The cotoneaster is a beautiful shrub that is loved by novice gardeners for its unpretentiousness, and by professional landscape designers for a variety of shapes and textures. A small number of varieties is not an obstacle, the plants will perfectly decorate the garden, because from the bushes you can create fences and geometric shapes in the form of balls and pyramids. Most often, the plant is used as a hedge, for this, brilliant cotoneaster bushes are suitable. There are both standard and ground cover forms. In the spring, this bush is covered with small flowers, during the summer it pleases the eye with beautiful small berries of red, orange or black, and in autumn the leaves take on a beautiful color of all shades of red.
The first to describe this plant was K. Baugin, a Swiss botanist. The name he gave it translates as "quince" and "similar". The leaves of some species really look like quince, but the similarities end there. Unlike dogwood, cotoneaster fruits are inedible in most species, they have only a decorative function.
AT wild nature cotoneasters grow throughout Eurasia and North Africa. Very cold hardy cultivars. They master the slopes of the mountains and the north of Siberia.
Describing the cotoneaster, I would like to note its constancy. The plant is able to grow in one place up to 50 years, forming bushes or small trees. Depending on the species, there are deciduous and evergreen representatives. The bush is densely covered with miniature ovoid leaves, the plate is solid, dark green in color, in some varieties with a white pattern.
In autumn, the leaves take on beautiful shades of red. The leaf arrangement is alternate. The inflorescence is a brush or shield, formed from small white or pink flowers. After flowering, fruits are formed - green apples, and at the end of summer they become, depending on the variety, black, red, orange or brick-red. Inside the fruit from 2 to 5 seeds. The root system is very powerful, runs close to the surface, so cotoneaster is often used to hold slopes.
The shape of the bush is upright or creeping. There are also small trees, the height of which does not exceed 8 - 10 meters. The wood is used for knife handles and garden tools, tubes. Cotoneaster hedge is found in cities, squares and along roads. When describing cotoneaster brilliant, I would like to note that it is most often used in landscaping the city due to survival and frost resistance. This plant does not need to be watered, just wash off the dust from the leaves.
Species and varieties
Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster) belongs to the Rosaceae family. About 80 species and varieties of cotoneaster are used in landscape design They are great for any garden. There are varieties, such as cotoneaster brilliant, cotoneaster chokeberry, cotoneaster splayed, common cotoneaster or cotoneaster whole, which, due to their hardiness, are widely distributed in the urban landscape, most often in the form of a hedge.
There are also unusual varieties with shoots clinging to the ground. Cotoneaster Dummer and cotoneaster willifolia, thanks to creeping shoots, openwork foliage and bright berries, able to hold out on the branches all winter, create a beautiful design. There are also rare protected varieties, such as Alaunian cotoneaster, which form elfins in the tundra zone on the rocky screes of the Barents Sea.
Brilliant
Cotoneaster brilliant
Cotoneaster brilliant or cotoneaster lucidus - common in cities and a long-cultivated species, whose homeland is Eastern Siberia. In the wild, two-meter specimens are found, forming dense thickets or growing as a single tree. Cotoneaster brilliant - deciduous plant with smooth shiny leaves, up to 5 cm in length. The sheet plate is solid, the edges are smooth. The stem is upright. Pink flowers are collected in a corymbose inflorescence.
The duration of flowering is a month, from May or June. After flowering, small black fruits are formed. Since the beginning of the 19th century, the bush has been cultivated in culture for landscaping squares and parks. A hedge of brilliant cotoneaster is part of the urban landscape. The shrub is planted along the roads. Due to its durability, it perfectly copes with dust and gas contamination.
brush-colored
Cotoneaster racemosa
Cotoneaster racemosa is a tree up to 3 meters in height. The leaves are small, bluish-green. The underside of the leaf and young shoots are covered with white fluff. Inflorescence of 7-12 pale pink flowers. Flowering is plentiful, begins in May. Bright red fruits ripen in late summer. spherical shape. After the onset of cold weather, the fruits do not fall. Thanks to the berries, bushes without leaves retain their decorative effect for a long time. Feels great in the gardens of central Russia.
multiflorous
Cotoneaster multiflora
Cotoneaster multiflora grows in Central Asia, Western Siberia, Western China and the Caucasus. Forms an undergrowth of mixed and broad-leaved forests. In the wild, it is under protection. The plant reaches a height of 3 meters, thin young branches are covered with down. The leaves change their color throughout the year: in spring they are silver-green, in summer they are green, in autumn they turn red.
The shape of the leaf is ovoid, wide, up to 5 cm in length. The inflorescence is corymbose, it includes from 6 to 20 large flowers. Flowering, very abundant, covers the entire bush and lasts up to 25 days. Since August, the bush is covered with red fruits.
The variety is less frost-resistant than the previous ones. Easily tolerates drought. When planting it in a summer cottage, you need to take care of the fertile soil, you can further enrich the earth with lime.
Coral Beauty
Cotoneaster Coral Beauty
Cotoneaster Coral Beauty - undersized bush, capable of growing up to 50 cm in height, and closing the territory up to 2 m wide. The bush is very sprawling, capable of branching strongly. This cotoneaster is evergreen. The leaves are shiny, green, do not exceed 2 cm. During flowering, the bush is covered with white flowers with pleasant smell. The fruits are light red and remain on the branches until the next season.
For planting in the garden, it is better to choose a place closed from direct sun rays. Any soil is suitable, but not swampy. Young plants after planting need frequent watering and mulching. You can feed them with a nitrogen-containing fertilizer. The bush is easy to shape, for this in March it is cut by 1/3.
The bush is easily propagated by basal layering and cuttings. Cotoneaster hybrid Coral Beauty is difficult to propagate on its own, it is better to purchase seeds in the store.
Alaunian
Cotoneaster Alaunsky
Cotoneaster Alaunsky in the wild is found on the territory of Russia, and more precisely on the Central Russian Upland. Relatively small plant up to 1.5 m in height. In spring, the branches are covered with fluff, then they become smooth and green, and closer to autumn they acquire a reddish tint. The leaves are small, oblong, ovate. The underside of the leaf is covered with fine fluff. Inflorescence racemose, of 4-7 pale pink flowers. Fruits are 6-9 mm in diameter, black, with a bloom.
Cotoneaster Alaunsky is included in the Red Book, is under protection in the regions of the central part of Russia.
small-leaved
Cotoneaster small-leaved
Cotoneaster small-leaved - frost resistant look. This evergreen cotoneaster reaches a height of up to 15 cm. The leaves are small, broadly elliptical, up to 8-15 mm long, glossy. Front side dark green, light green back. Flowering with small white flowers begins in May. The fruits are orange-red, rounded. Perfect for rock climbing.
Felt
Cotoneaster felt
Felt cotoneaster is a deciduous plant up to 1.5 m in height. Spreading branches are covered with a whitish fluff. leaf blade light green, elliptical shape. The corymbose inflorescence consists of pink flowers. In one place it can grow and maintain a decorative appearance up to 20-30 years.
cinnabar red
Cinnabar - red cotoneaster
Cinnabar-red cotoneaster is endemic to Eastern Finoscandia. It is rare, listed in the Red Book of Russia. It grows up to one meter in height, often has the shape of a dwarf. Living in cold regions and on poor soils, during the season it practically does not give an increase. The shape of the leaf is broadly elliptical, not more than 5 cm, covered with fluff, top part sheet is dyed green color, underside in yellow-green.
The arrangement of leaves on the stem is alternate. Small flowers are painted in white-green color with a pinkish edge. After flowering, rounded fruits of cinnabar-red color are formed. The plant prefers wet rocky river banks, screes on mountain slopes. Flowering begins in June and ends in September.
splayed
Cotoneaster splayed
Cotoneaster splayed is a sprawling bush 1.5 m in height. The leaves are dark green, ovoid, no more than 2 cm long. The flowers are small, collected three in axils. After flowering, rich red fruits with two seeds appear. A very hardy representative, not prone to disease and pest damage. The bush blooms profusely and bears fruit, retaining its decorative effect from May to September. The foliage turns reddish in late summer.
Suitable for very dry and saline soils. Able to grow in one place for a long time, sometimes up to 40 years. Ideal for decorating hedges.
On the stem
Cotoneaster on stem
Cotoneaster on a trunk is a very decorative tree with beautiful flowers and berries. The height, depending on the bole, can vary from 60 to 1.5 m. Other members of the Rosaceae family are used for the bole. It can be pears, apple trees, hawthorn and mountain ash. Cotoneaster horizontal and atropurpurea are grafted onto the bole, less often others creeping varieties. Their prostrate shape looks very good and is easy to shape.
loose-leaved
Cotoneaster willifolia
Cotoneaster willifolia is a creeping member of the family with shoots that are tightly pressed to the ground and spread to 2 m. The plant does not rise above 50 cm in height. This variety is classified as conditionally evergreen, since the leaves do not fall off, but hibernate on the plant. Flowering is lush, with white flowers collected in an inflorescence in the form of a brush. The fruits are red, formed at the end of summer and remain on the bush almost all winter.
In the garden, you can choose almost any place: the bush feels good both in open spaces and in partial shade. Almost any soil is suitable for him, with the exception of marshy soils. Before planting in the ground, the plant must be provided with a drainage system.
rising
Cotoneaster ascending
Rising cotoneaster has another name - pressed cotoneaster. Found in western China. Prefers well-lit mountain slopes. It does not exceed 50 cm in height, but branches well, forming a lush bush with dark red stems. The leaves are ovoid with a pointed tip and a wavy edge, no more than 1.5 cm in length, fall off. In May-June, the flowering period begins. The flowers are pinkish-red, no more than two in the inflorescence. In August, light red fruits ripen, spherical in shape, 7 mm in diameter.
Soil prefers well-moistened and fertile. Frost and direct sunlight is not afraid. Easy to propagate by cuttings and layering. For propagation by seeds, stratification must be observed.
Horizontal
Cotoneaster horizontal
Cotoneaster horizontal variegatus is common in Western and Central China. This species can be found at an altitude of 1000 - 2000 m in the mountains of China. Deciduous shrub grows up to 50 - 60 cm. Growing up, the branches form a dome shape. The leaves are shiny, dark green in color, densely cover the entire bush. In autumn they turn deep red, in November they fall off. Flowering lasts less than a month, pinkish-red flowers.
At the end of September, red fruits 4 to 5 mm in diameter are formed. The fruits can be stored on the branches for up to 4 months. The species is unpretentious, resistant to frost and pests.
chokeberry
Cotoneaster chokeberry
Cotoneaster chokeberry is resistant to adverse environmental factors. Feels great in an urban environment along dusty roads. In height, the plant grows up to 2 m. In young plants, the bark is reddish-brown. The leaf is ovoid, not more than 4 cm in length. The underside of the leaf is felted, as are the young shoots. From May to June the bush is covered pink flowers of 3-15 flowers per inflorescence. Black fruits no more than 1 cm in diameter, similar to chokeberry. Ripen in September.
The description of chokeberry cotoneaster would be incomplete if not to note its resistance to adverse conditions and pests.
Dummer
Cotoneaster Dummer
Cotoneaster Dummer is an excellent representative of miniature varieties. In height, the bush rises to 15 cm, and in width it can cover an area up to 1 m. The leaves are dense and leathery, dark green. The flowers are inconspicuous, which is compensated by a very beautiful fruits coral red. On the branches they remain throughout the winter. The bush is not picky about the soil and place, it can be grown in containers and rockeries.
Regular or full edge
Common cotoneaster
Common cotoneaster is a deciduous plant, up to 2 m high. Young shoots are covered with fine fluff, but become smooth with age. The leaves are ovate or rounded, green, matte, up to 5 cm long. The underside of the leaf is covered with white or grayish felt pubescence. Cotoneaster entire blooms in early spring, forming a corymbose inflorescence of 2-4 flowers. The fruits are bright red, spherical.
In the wild, it is found in the Caucasus and Western Europe. Since 1656 it has been used in landscaping. It tolerates winter and drought very well.
Care
Planting and caring for cotoneaster horizontal will not cause trouble even for a novice gardener. Despite the unpretentiousness, the soil is better to choose loose, with neutral acidity. On heavy clay soils with a close occurrence of water, the plant, most likely, will not take root, it will often get sick.
Planting and caring for cotoneaster dammer does not differ from other cotoneasters, but it must be taken into account that varieties of this species are less cold-resistant and do not tolerate waterlogging. Cotoneaster is a plant, planting and caring for which is not associated with special conditions. It is so undemanding that it does not even need regular watering.
Watering
The powerful roots of the plant are able to independently receive a sufficient amount of moisture from the soil. Most varieties do not require additional watering, only at the time of planting. In very hot and dry seasons, they are sprayed with water to wash away the dust. After planting, young plants are watered and mulched to retain moisture at the roots.
pruning
Cotoneasters are ideal for pruning to form hedges and geometric shapes. New branches grow quickly, the bush becomes thicker and stronger. After planting, pruning is carried out by 1/3 to help the plant take root. You can also carry out rejuvenating pruning of the bush, cutting off almost the entire plant.
top dressing
Top dressing is carried out extremely rarely, most plants do without it. In early spring apply nitrogen-containing fertilizers, and before flowering, fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus. This will help the bush bloom more magnificently and tie more fruits. Cotoneaster is also responsive to organic fertilizers: they can be applied during planting, mixed into the planting soil.
Secrets of soil preparation for seedlings
All cotoneasters are not demanding on soils, but, for better survival and adaptation of the plant, it is advisable to make a mixture of peat, soddy soil and sand in a ratio of 1:2:2 before planting. Cotoneasters do not like acidic soils. In some cases, an additional 300 grams of lime is added per plant.
Diseases and pests
Cotoneaster brilliant - resistant look. It is rarely attacked by pests and diseases. In rare cases, especially in hot years, aphids can be seen on the bushes, spider mite and shield. The plant affected by aphids twists the leaves, which subsequently dry out and fall off. cobwebs on back side leaf indicates an attack by a spider mite. Mole can affect fruiting. Special preparations, such as Fitoverm, Neoron and Aktelik, will help fight insect pests.
Cotoneasters are not susceptible to fungal diseases, and if they get sick, then most often it is Fusarium. Treatment consists of removing diseased tissue and treating the entire plant with a fungicide.
How to get rid of the flower midge?
The scientific name of the flower midge is sciarid. It does not harm the plant, only bothers the owner of the flower. Problems in the plant may appear due to the larvae that live in the roots of the flower. The reason for the appearance of midges is waterlogging and a high content of organic matter in the ground due to the use of folk remedies for fertilizer, such as tea (brewing), drunk coffee. Any insecticide, changing the soil or changing the irrigation regime will help to cope with it.
Planting and reproduction
Planting a cotoneaster is a simple and accessible process for a novice gardener. But to get best result, certain conditions must be met.
Cotoneaster in winter does not require additional shelter. Most varieties, especially the ancestor of which was the brilliant cotoneaster, are able to easily tolerate very coldy. Dummer's cotoneaster is more sensitive to cold and, in the case of a harsh snowless winter, needs shelter. Young plants planted this year will also have to be covered.
When and how to plant seedlings in the ground?
Young plants obtained from seeds are planted in open ground at 1-2 years of age. These plants need prepared soil, abundant watering and mulching with sawdust of at least 6 cm. Cuttings from young shoots are ready for planting on permanent place. Cuttings cut from lignified branches in autumn must be placed in sand and left in a cool place for the whole winter, and planted in pots in spring to form roots.
Propagated by layering: in the spring they press the branch to the ground, fix it, and cut it off in the fall. The plant can be transplanted to a new place only in the spring.
In order to know how to plant cotoneaster, it is necessary to take into account its design purpose and characteristics of the variety. In any case, do not plant closer than 50 cm from each other.
Landing
You can plant cotoneaster in almost any area. He feels great in the open spaces of the sun and in partial shade. It does not do well in places with a close occurrence of water. Before planting a brilliant cotoneaster, it is necessary to dig a hole or trench (if it is planned to plant for a green hedge) with a depth and width of about 50 cm. Drainage 10–20 cm high must be placed on the bottom. Crushed stone or broken brick. First, pour soil into the pit, consisting of 2 parts of soddy soil, 1 part of peat (or compost), 2 parts of sand. The plant is abundantly watered and fed, you can use a root formation stimulator. Particular attention during planting should be paid to the location of the root collar: it should be above ground level.
reproduction
Cotoneaster reproduction is not very difficult process, accessible even to a novice gardener. Due to its endurance, it quickly takes root, in almost 100% of cases.
There are several ways to propagate cotoneaster: generative (by seeds) and vegetative (which includes reproduction by layering and cuttings).
Reproduction of cotoneaster brilliant cuttings - the fastest and affordable way. Use green and lignified cuttings. Healthy strong branches are selected, at least 15 cm and with at least two internodes. For cuttings, it is preferable to take shoots from side shoots. In July, they are sufficiently formed to take root well. Rooting stimulator will achieve the best results.
The cuttings are planted in specially prepared soil, which includes humus, soddy soil and sand. The cuttings are planted in the ground at an angle of 45 degrees and to a depth of 5 cm. The soil is well shed beforehand. The cuttings are arranged with a mini-greenhouse, covered with jars or plastic wrap on top. The cover is regularly opened for airing and watering. By autumn, when a good root system, the plant can be planted in open ground in a permanent place. In the first year of life, seedlings must be covered with sawdust or dry foliage.
Woody cuttings are often used to propagate cotoneaster. To do this, with the onset of frost, they are cut off, placed in sand and left in a cool room. In the spring, green cuttings are planted. Each branch must have at least 3 buds.
Another affordable way to propagate cotoneaster is reproduction by layering. To do this, the soil is dug up to a depth of 50 cm, enriched with peat and humus, a bent branch is placed above it at a height of up to 10 cm, fixing it with wooden or metal brackets. Sprinkle on top with a prepared mixture of peat, humus, soddy soil and sand. The procedure is carried out in the spring, and in the fall the plant can already be separated from the mother bush. It is better to transplant to a new place in the spring.
Reproduction by seeds laborious process. Seeds can be obtained from ripe fruits, dried and peeled from the pulp. To do this, the fruits are left in the sun to dry. You can select mature seeds by immersing them in water. Floating seeds should be discarded. Seeds that have sunk are mixed with peat or sand and placed in a container. They should be in a cool room with a temperature of about 0 °. You can speed up the stratification process by treating the seeds for 5-20 minutes with sulfuric acid. After all these operations, you should not count on 100% germination. Of all the seeds, only 5-20% will sprout.
In the spring, they are evenly distributed over the surface of the container, sprinkled with no more than 1 cm, loose soil or sand. Young shoots are covered from direct sunlight. After the appearance of true leaves, the seedlings dive into separate pots. In the fall of next year, you can land in open ground. The first year after planting, young plants must be covered with a layer of sawdust or dry foliage.
Application in landscape design
In the urban landscape, cotoneaster is used for planting as a hedge. For this, such varieties as cotoneaster brilliant, cotoneaster ordinary and cotoneaster chokeberry are suitable. A cotoneaster hedge will perfectly protect against dust and at the same time will not suffer from gas contamination of freeways. The bush is easily formed, turning into dense thickets of densely woven branches. Not only a hedge is formed from the brilliant cotoneaster: it perfectly tolerates a curly haircut, including the popular form of geometric objects.
Cotoneaster Dummer prefers moist and nutrient soil, but it can perfectly replace an ordinary lawn in places with insufficient lighting. Under the crowns of trees from this species, you can create a dense green carpet with red berries. For the formation of balls and hemispheres, a splayed cotoneaster is suitable. It can be planted on loamy soils of rockeries as borders. Cotoneaster splayed looks great and how solitary plant against the background of the lawn. Cotoneaster horizontal in landscape design, thanks to its small size and evergreen leaves, often used as a solitary plant. You can plant this species and as groups, forming from them various forms and supplementing with low perennials.
In landscape design, horizontal cotoneaster is perfect for regions with harsh winters. Cotoneaster Alaunsky beautiful view, which could be used in landscape design. Its beautiful berries are red at first and then turn black. But at present, the species is listed in the Red Book and is not widely used in culture. Cotoneaster shrub retains its decorative effect for several seasons or a whole year.
The ability of some species to keep red berries in winter makes it especially attractive for landscape design.
| Systematics on Wikispecies | Image search at Wikimedia Commons |
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Cotoneaster brilliant(lat. Cotoneaster lucidus) - a species of shrubs of the genus Cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster) of the Pink family ( Rosaceae).
In 2000, Chinese scientists determined that Cotoneaster lucidus is a variety of Cotoneaster acutifolius var. lucidus (Schltdl.) L.T.Lu .
It grows on rocky slopes, on gravel rivers, in thickets of shrubs and larch-mixed forests.
The shrub is decorative, tolerates a haircut and is quite unpretentious, so it is used to organize hedges and borders.
Botanical description
Diseases
Cotoneaster brilliant can suffer from fusarium. Measures to combat this disease are disinfection of the soil around the bushes, pruning and destruction of diseased shoots.
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Notes
Literature
- Flora of the USSR: in 30 volumes / ch. ed. V. L. Komarov. - M.-L. : Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1939. - T. IX / ed. volumes by S. V. Yuzepchuk. - S. 323. - 540 + XIX p. - 5200 copies.
Links
- (eng.): information on the site (Retrieved November 4, 2009)
- : information on the website "Encyclopedia of Life" ( EOL) (English) (Retrieved November 5, 2009)
- (Retrieved November 5, 2009)
An excerpt characterizing Cotoneaster brilliant
“Je ne serai pas violent, ne craignez rien, [Don’t be afraid, I won’t use violence,” said Pierre, responding to Anatole’s frightened gesture. “Letters - once,” said Pierre, as if repeating a lesson for himself. "Second," he continued after a moment's silence, getting up again and beginning to walk, "you must leave Moscow tomorrow.""But how can I...
“Third,” Pierre continued, not listening to him, “you should never say a word about what happened between you and the countess. This, I know, I cannot forbid you, but if there is a spark of conscience in you ... - Pierre silently walked around the room several times. Anatole sat at the table and frowned, biting his lips.
“You can’t fail to understand, finally, that in addition to your pleasure there is happiness, the peace of mind of other people, that you are ruining a whole life from the fact that you want to have fun. Have fun with women like my wife - with these you are within your rights, they know what you want from them. They are armed against you with the same experience of debauchery; but to promise a girl to marry her ... to deceive, to steal ... How can you not understand that this is as vile as nailing an old man or a child! ...
Pierre fell silent and looked at Anatole, no longer angry, but inquiringly.
- I do not know this. BUT? - said Anatole, emboldened as Pierre overcame his anger. “I don’t know and don’t want to know,” he said, without looking at Pierre and with a slight trembling of his lower jaw, “but you said these words to me: vile and the like, which I comme un homme d" honneur [as an honest person ] I won't let anyone.
Pierre looked at him in surprise, unable to understand what he needed.
“Although it was face to face,” Anatole continued, “but I can’t ...
"Well, do you need satisfaction?" Pierre said mockingly.
“At least you can take back your words. BUT? If you want me to fulfill your wishes. BUT?
“I take it, I take it back,” Pierre said and I ask you to excuse me. Pierre glanced involuntarily at the torn button. “And money, if you need it for the journey.” Anatole smiled.
This expression of a timid and vile smile, familiar to him from his wife, blew up Pierre.
“Oh, vile, heartless breed! he said and left the room.
The next day Anatole left for Petersburg.
Pierre went to Marya Dmitrievna to report on the fulfillment of her desire - on the expulsion of Kuragin from Moscow. The whole house was in fear and excitement. Natasha was very ill, and, as Marya Dmitrievna told him in secret, on the same night, as it was announced to her that Anatole was married, she poisoned herself with arsenic, which she quietly obtained. After swallowing it a little, she was so frightened that she woke Sonya and announced to her what she had done. In time, the necessary measures were taken against the poison, and now she was out of danger; but all the same she was so weak that it was impossible to think of taking her to the village, and the countess was sent for. Pierre saw the bewildered count and the weeping Sonya, but he could not see Natasha.
Pierre dined at the club that day and from all sides heard talk about the attempted kidnapping of Rostova and stubbornly denied these talks, assuring everyone that there was nothing more, as soon as his brother-in-law made an offer to Rostova and was refused. It seemed to Pierre that it was his duty to hide the whole affair and restore Rostova's reputation.
He fearfully awaited the return of Prince Andrei and every day he stopped by to visit the old prince about him.
Prince Nikolai Andreevich knew through m lle Bourienne all the rumors that were circulating around the city, and read that note to Princess Mary, which Natasha refused her fiancé. He seemed more cheerful than usual and was looking forward to his son with great impatience.
A few days after Anatole's departure, Pierre received a note from Prince Andrei, informing him of his arrival and asking Pierre to call on him.
Prince Andrey, having arrived in Moscow, in the very first minute of his arrival received from his father a note from Natasha to Princess Mary, in which she refused the groom (she stole this note from Princess Mary and handed it to Prince m lle Bourienne) and heard from his father, with additions, stories about the abduction Natasha.
Surprisingly, but the fact is that there is still little information about cotoneasters on the site. It is possible that this is due to the complexity of their definition, however, this does not prevent them from growing in summer cottages today.
Spreading and compact, with white and pink flowers, red, black and rare yellow fruits (Cotoneaster frigidus 'Fructu Luteo', C. 'Rothschildianus') they create ideal hedges, are included in various plant compositions, solo in the front places of summer cottages, hang down from the wall, spread in rockeries, endure the inconvenience of containers.
These are universal, not capricious, one of the best ornamental shrubs for giving.
So, cotoneasters.
Botanical dossier
The genus Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster) from the Rosaceae family has about 200 species distributed in temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North Africa.
These are deciduous, semi-evergreen and evergreen densely branched shrubs with small or medium, simple, alternate, ovate leaves, white or pink, collected in corymbs, brushes or single flowers.
These are beautifully fruited shrubs, decorated in autumn with small, red, black, less often yellow drupes.
Growing Features
Most species grow quickly, especially ground cover species, which, with sufficient area, quickly “spread” in breadth.
They are shade-tolerant, undemanding to soil, drought-resistant, but regular watering for the first 3 years after planting, then as the topsoil dries up, and with age - only in hot and dry summers. Cotoneasters are responsive to shallow digging of the soil around them, loosening, mulching the soil with an organic substrate. More luxuriously they bloom and bear fruit at the annual spring top dressing at the beginning of shoot growth with complete mineral fertilizer.
Propagated by stratified seeds, layering, cuttings.
They are good honey plants. Decorative during flowering, fruit ripening and autumn leaf color.
Cotoneasters tolerate pruning well, so they are “cleaned” in the spring, removing excess replacement shoots that thicken shrubs excessively; vigorous shoots are shortened during the summer, as required by the contour or as you yourself see the bush. Over time, cotoneasters at the beginning of drying out, especially in a solitary planting, rejuvenate to a “high or short stump”.
Cotoneaster hedges lend themselves to forming pruning in the spring (late May - early June), after which they grow strongly, retaining their growth shape. Pruning is allowed for 1/3 of the length of the annual shoot.
They can be damaged by yellow bear, aphids, moths and affected by coral spotting, fusarium.
Cotoneaster for hedges
They make magnificent hedges and borders, especially spectacular in flowering and fruiting.
Cotoneaster brilliant
Cotoneaster brilliant (Cotoneaster lucidus) - densely leafy, erect deciduous shrub originally from the Baikal region, up to 2 - 3 m high. Leaves from elliptical to ovate, up to 7 cm long, dark green, shiny above, lighter below, purple in autumn. The flowers are pink, collected 3-8 in loose corymbs; bloom in May-June. The fruits are spherical, black, shiny drupes, up to 1 cm long, ripen in August-September, remain on the bushes until late autumn.
It is winter-hardy, shade-tolerant, unpretentious to soils.
Tolerates shearing well, one of the best views for creating molded (shorn) hedges and borders. Forms very dense, beautiful hedges. When planting, keep a distance of 0.8 m between plants.
Cotoneaster blushing or many-flowered
Cotoneaster blushing or multi-flowered (Cotoneaster purpurascens, multiflorus of gardens) is an upright, semi-evergreen or deciduous, densely branched, widely spreading shrub from the Caucasus, Central Asia, China, up to 2-3 m high and wide with thin arcuate curved red-brown branches. The leaves are broadly ovate to elliptical, obtuse with a notch at the end, 2-6 cm long, silver-green when blooming, dark green in summer and red in autumn. The flowers are white, similar to the flowers of shadberry, collected 6-20 in loose, erect corymbs; bloom in May-June. The fruits are red, ovoid-rounded drupes, up to 1 cm long; ripen in August-September and hang beautifully on thin twigs. Decorative flowers, fruits, autumn leaf color.
It can be grown throughout the European part of Russia (up to Moscow, St. Petersburg in the north, in places protected from the wind with shelter for the winter) and neighboring countries. With regard to winter hardiness, harsh winters may freeze. It is light-requiring, drought-resistant, better than other species puts up with a lack of moisture, prefers fertile, lime-rich soils, resistant in urban conditions.
Suitable for creating free-growing or molded high hedges with trimming of protruding branches, as well as for single plantings and small groups.
Cotoneaster whole or common
Common cotoneaster (Cotoneaster integerrimus) is a strongly branched, upright shrub from Europe, up to 2 m high with a rounded crown. The leaves are ovate-rounded, 2-5 cm long, dark green above, shiny, smooth, gray-felt below. The flowers are white, pinkish-white or reddish, 2-4 in inflorescences; bloom in May-June. Fruits are almost spherical, red, shiny, up to 1 cm in diameter; ripen in July-August.
It is winter-hardy, photophilous, undemanding to soils - it grows well on calcareous and dry ones.
Suitable for free-growing or molded high hedges with trimming of protruding branches, edges.
Cotoneaster for solitary plantings
Some species are so self-sufficient that they may well solo in single landings, focusing attention on itself, especially at the time of flowering and fruiting.
- solitaire on the parterre
Willow cotoneaster (Cotoneaster salicifolius, syn. C. floccosus of gardens) – evergreen shrub with a beautiful spreading tent-shaped crown, originally from China, 5 m high and wide. Leaves from elliptical to oblong, leathery, wrinkled, felt-pubescent below, up to 10 cm long. Flowers are white-cream, fragrant, collected in brushes of 30-100 PCS; bloom at the beginning of summer, on the southern coast of Crimea - from May. The fruits are small and red. Very stable species, grows well, blooms and bears fruit on calcareous soils, tolerates summer drought.
Cotoneaster ‘Coral Beauty’
Cotoneaster Coral Beauty (Cotoneaster 'Coral Beauty') * - dense, evergreen shrub up to 1 m high and up to 2 m wide, with a tent-shaped crown. The leaves are dark green, leathery, shiny, 1 cm long. The flowers are white, collected in racemes; bloom in summer. The fruits are orange, 9 mm long.
It is very effective in flowering and fruiting in flower beds, rockeries; suitable as a ground cover shrub and ampelous for decorating low stone walls.
Cotoneaster brilliant or two-row (Cotoneaster nitidus, syn. C. distichus) is a deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub native to China (Yunnan), the Himalayas with a bilateral pinnate arrangement of slightly curved branches, 2.5 m high and up to 4 m wide. Young shoots are densely yellow -pubescent. The leaves are small, almost round to broadly obovate. The flowers are small, white; bloom in summer. Beautiful in red fruits. Fairly drought tolerant. Suitable for solitary, group plantings, rockeries.
Cotoneaster splayed (Cotoneaster divaricatus) is a deciduous shrub from China (Hubei) with open thin shoots, 1.5-2.5 m high and 3.0 m wide. The leaves are elliptical, dark green, shiny. The flowers are white, 2-4 collected in a brush; bloom in summer. The fruits are dark red, ellipsoid.
Winter-hardy. Suitable for single and group plantings, rockeries.
Cotoneaster pink
Pink cotoneaster (Cotoneaster roseus) is a deciduous shrub from the Northwestern Himalayas, Afghanistan, up to 2 m high with thin dark brown branches. The leaves are bluish-green, glabrous, 2-6 cm long. The flowers are pinkish; bloom in May-June. The fruits are red on graceful thin shoots.
Quite winter-hardy, drought-resistant, tolerates calcareous soils in the South Coast. Effective in single and group landings.
Cotoneaster franchetii (Cotoneaster franchetii) is a semi-evergreen or evergreen erect shrub, originally from China (Yunnan), up to 2-3 m high and wide. Young shoots are densely pubescent. The leaves are dense, from elliptical to ovate, 2-3 cm long, dark green, felted below. The fruits are orange-red.
Suitable for single and group landings. Especially effective in the southern regions.
Late cotoneaster (Cotoneaster serotinus) is a sprawling, arched, evergreen shrub native to Western China (Yunnan), up to 5 m high and 3-4 m wide. This is one of the most late flowering and late fruiting species. The leaves are elliptical, dark green, leathery, wrinkled, shiny, felt-pubescent below, 2.5-7 cm long. The flowers are small, white, collected up to 40 pcs. in wide umbrellas; bloom from mid to late summer. The fruits are red, 6 mm long.
Winter-hardy in the Southern Horticulture Zone. Effective in single and group plantings, can be used both for containers and as an ampel for decorating retaining walls.
Cotoneaster cotoneaster (Cotoneaster glaucophyllus) - one of the most beautiful species; evergreen shrub native to China (Yunnan), up to 3 m high and wide. Leaves elliptical to elliptical-oblong, leathery, olive-green, smooth, shiny, bottom with purple tint. Fruits are orange-red persist throughout the winter.
It is sensitive to dryness of the soil, winter-hardy in the Southern Horticulture zone, in severe winters it can freeze slightly. Luxurious in single and group plantings.
Cotoneasters for rockeries
Magnificent shrubs for a rocky garden, where they are in harmony with both stones and many plants. Due to their discreet beauty, they are easily combined with drought-resistant knifofiya, bluebells, dwarf pines, cumin, artichoke, etc.
Cotoneaster horizontalis (Cotoneaster horizontalis) is a semi-evergreen or deciduous, densely branched, low creeping shrub with horizontally outstretched branches located, like the leaves, in the same plane (hence its specific name). It comes from Central and Western China, 0.4-0.8 (1.0) m high and up to 1.5 m wide. The leaves are small, up to 1.2 cm long, almost round, shiny, dark green, autumn the color is red-orange, it lasts a long time. The flowers are pink, almost sessile, arranged 1-2; bloom in May-June. The fruits are spherical, shiny, bright red, about 0.6 cm in diameter of the drupe; ripen in September and remain on the bushes until December, and in the lower part of the bush even until the next spring. It grows quickly and expands strongly in breadth. One of the most decorative types of cotoneaster, distinguished by the shape of the bush, the color of the leaves, flowers, fruits.
Insufficiently frost-resistant: in middle lane In Russia, the ends of the shoots can freeze over in harsh and snowless winters; photophilous (tolerates partial shade), drought-resistant (but needs watering in drought), demanding on soil fertility. Suitable for wall planting, covering small slopes, rockeries, as ampelous for low stone walls. Forms molded or free-growing borders with trimmed strongly protruding branches; planting density 40 cm.
Cotoneaster adpressus (Cotoneaster adpressus) is a creeping deciduous shrub native to Western China, up to 30 cm high and up to 2 m wide. The leaves are small, up to 1 cm long, rounded. Flowers pink, solitary, white or pinkish; bloom in early summer. The fruits are red, rounded, up to 7 mm long, tie stably and adorn leafless bushes until spring.
Propagated by seeds. Not picky about lighting conditions and soils. beautiful plant for rockeries and as ground cover and ampelous for decorating low walls.
Cotoneaster ‘Skogholm’
Cotoneaster 'Skogholm' (Cotoneaster 'Skogholm', syn. 'Skogsholmen') is an open evergreen shrub 60 cm high and up to 3 m wide. Leaves are oval to oblong, shiny, dark green, 2 cm long. Flowers are white, in racemes ; bloom in late spring. The fruits are red. Grows fast.
An excellent ground cover shrub.
Cotoneaster whole-leaved
Whole-leaved or small-leaved cotoneaster (Cotoneaster integrifolius, syn. C. microphyllus of gardens, C. thymifolius) is a low open evergreen shrub native to the Himalayas, up to 1 m high and up to 1.5 m wide. The leaves are small, shiny, dark green, up to 1 cm long. The flowers are white, small; bloom at the beginning of summer. The fruits are bright red, 8-10 mm long.
It is especially effective in the southern regions at the time of flowering and fruiting in rockeries, in the design of low stone walls, ridges, borders; we use it as a ground cover shrub, which is valued due to the fact that it grows well in partial shade.
Cotoneaster red-purple
Red-purple cotoneaster (Cotoneaster atropurpurea) is a compact deciduous shrub, originally from China (Hubei), with ascending shoots, 50-100 cm high and up to 2.5 m wide. Leaves are medium green, shiny, up to 1 cm long. Flowers red, black at the base; bloom in summer. The fruits are orange-red. decorative shape‘Variegatus’ syn. C. horizontalis ‘Variegatus’ (leaves are white-edged).
It is effective not only in a rocky garden, but also as an ampelous shrub for decorating a low stone wall.
* Latin names are verified and given according to my handbook - 2 volumes of the encyclopedia of garden plants of the Royal Horticultural Society "Encyclopedia of garden plants".
Do cotoneasters grow in your dacha?
Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht.
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Synonym: Cotoneaster acutifolius var. lucidus (Schltdl.) L.T. Lu, Cotoneaster lucidus
(Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht.) is a species of non-thorny shrubs from the genus of the Rosaceae family. It was first described in 1856 by the German botanist Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal. In 2000, Chinese scientists discovered that cotoneaster cotoneaster is a variety of Cotoneaster acutifolius var. lucidus (Schltdl.) L.T.Lu.
Distributed in China (Gansu province) and the Russian Federation - in Altai (Republic of Buryatia (northern macroslope of the Eastern Sayan, Tunkinskaya valley, southern part of Baikal)) and Irkutsk region (on the shore of Baikal from the mouth of the Anga river to the city of Slyudyanka, less often in the valley Irkut River). It occurs on rocky slopes, along river pebbles, in thickets of shrubs, as well as in larch-mixed forests.
It is a straight-growing deciduous shrub up to 3 m in height. The crown is 1.5 times larger in diameter than the height, it is formed by straight shoots growing in all directions. The growth rate is average. Young shoots densely pubescent, later glabrous, pinkish-brown.
Leaves elliptical to ovoid, pointed, 1.7-5 cm long and 0.8-3.5 cm wide, dark green above, shiny, glabrous, below - first pubescent, yellowish-tomentose, later becoming almost naked , yellowish. Leaves turn dark brownish-red in autumn.
blooms in May-June, for a month. Inflorescences are loose corymbose racemes, consisting of 5-12 flowers. The sepals are broadly triangular in shape, 2.5-3 times shorter than the petals. There are 20 stamens, 3 columns, rarely 4. The flowers are small, pink, located along the entire length of the shoot, practically covering the leaves.
Fruit black, shiny, spherical, slightly oblong, 7-9 mm in diameter, densely hairy at the apex. The flesh is brownish-red, juicy, shiny. Stones including 3, rarely 2. Fruits in late September - early October. The fruits are stored on the bushes until frost. Fruiting begins at 4 years.
Varieties:`Romsdal´
Frost resistance zone: zone 4 (-35°С).
Location: sun-loving, but shade-tolerant. It tolerates urban conditions well. Drought tolerant.
Reproduction: reproduce by seeds and vegetatively. Green cuttings root faster under the film. Cuttings are taken in the second half of July. The substrate is peat and sand in equal proportions. Does not tolerate prolonged moisture and stagnant moisture, needs good drainage. Seed germination 14%. Rooting of cuttings with 52% 0.005% IMC solution for 16 hours. Seeds need 12-15 months of stratification (can be treated with sulfuric acid for 5-20 minutes and stratified for 1-3 months). The seeding rate is 5 g per 1 square. m.
The soil: undemanding to soil fertility, can grow on any garden. Prefers light, peaty, neutral or slightly acidic, moderately fertile or rather poor loams. On weakly alkaline soils, most species grow poorly (except for cotoneaster multiflora).
Landing: planting mixture - compost, which consists of soddy soil, peat and sand in proportions of 2: 1: 2.
Care: in hot and dry summers, to maintain decorativeness, it is recommended to water the plant 1-2 times a month at the rate of 1-2 buckets per 1 plant.
Pruning: tolerates shearing and pruning. After pruning, it regrows well, while maintaining its growth shape. When molded, it gives dense hedges and sculptural groups. Recommended pruning is 1/3 of the length of the annual shoot, but in those places where a dense and dense habit is needed.
Diseases: Fusarium (remove and burn affected parts)
Pests: apple aphid, plum sawfly, cotoneaster mite.
Reproduction: in culture, it propagates by seeds and green cuttings, which are harvested 2 weeks after the end of flowering.
Status: rare view. Endemic to the southern part of Central Siberia. The species is included in the "Red Book of the USSR", "Red Book of the RSFSR", "Red Book of the Buryat ASSR", "Red Book of the Irkutsk Region". It is protected on the territory of the Pribaikalsky State National Park.
Usage: used to create live free-growing and sheared hedges, in group and single plantings on lawns, edges, as well as undergrowth. Widely used for landscaping cities.