Technology of high-quality painting of surfaces with water-based compositions

Introduction

1. Tools and fixtures

2. Materials

3. Execution technology

4. Quality requirements

5. Organization of labor and workplace

6. Safety

List of used literature

Introduction

Painting surfaces with water-based compositions is the most popular type of surface finish. Its advantage is factors such as this species finishing is inexpensive, does not require very significant skills in its implementation. The materials by which these works are performed are environmentally friendly, fireproof. Does not cause bad smell, dries quickly. Durable enough.

high quality painting finish surfaces on present stage development finishing works is the most commonly used finish. Although there are three surface finishes in terms of finish quality, besides high quality finishes, there are also plain and advanced finishes. High quality is the most common. As the scope of its application is growing. Water-based compositions are used in almost all types of buildings: residential, industrial, shops, offices. which require high quality finishes. Whether a simple improved surface coloring can currently be applied only in utility room Water-based compositions paint plastered, concrete surfaces. As well as surfaces finished with sheets of dry plaster. Wall-paper structural intended under coloring.

Technology cannot be improved. painting works without mechanization of all technological processes, therefore, in the textbook, much attention is paid to the mechanisms used in the production of painting work for the preparation and application of various paint compositions, for heating and drying rooms. The paint composition applied to building structures in the process of finishing work in accordance with the requirements of the project forms a paint and varnish coating. Painters carry out a covering on given out samples.

Coatings are classified according to a number of criteria.

By appointment: technical - protection of painted structures from corrosion, decay, moisture absorption, fire, action chemical substances etc.; sanitary - the creation of a proper sanitary condition in the premises, maintaining cleanliness in them; decorative - architectural and artistic decoration of a building, structure or its individual premises.

1. Tools, materials, fixtures

The lubricating spatula is designed for greasing small cracks. And also as an auxiliary spatula when large volumes surface patching. This spatula can be used as a scraper when cleaning the surface.

Flat paint brushes

Width of flat paint brushes: 25, 60, 62, 76 and 100 mm. Fleets are made from badger hair or high-quality bristles. Fastening metal frame, handle - wooden, short. Flutes are used mainly to smooth out traces of a fly brush or handbrake on a freshly applied paint composition. However, flutes can also be used for applying a paint composition.

Toppers(1) are either round or rectangular. Maklovits are made from semi-spinal bristles with the addition of up to 50% horsehair. Used for painting primer surfaces.

Handbrakes - small paint brushes with a wooden handle. Handbrake brushes are designed for painting with adhesive and oil paint compositions on small surfaces. Handbrake sizes Ø - 26, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 54 mm.

Flywheel paint brushes

Sizes of fly brushes: Ø - 60-65 mm, hair length - 100 mm. Used for surface priming.

Paint rollers

Work with paint rollers significantly increases the productivity of painting work. The paint roller absorbs more paint compound and covers more area in one pass. paint rollers can be painted and primed

Radiator brushes are equipped with an elongated, curved at the base handle. Used in painting works on hard-to-reach surfaces such as heating radiators They also produce special paint brushes - radiator ones.

A rubber spatula is used for filling and greasing small cracks and holes. These types of spatulas are also plastic.

Application of putty on large areas

A metal spatula is designed for applying putty on large areas.

Rolling out plastic is designed for rolling out the roller during painting or priming the surface.

The paint block is intended for sanding the surface.

The paint spray gun is designed for applying water-based paint compositions to the surface.

The table of the finisher is used to conduct painting work at height.

2. Materials

properties of building materials.

Painting or paintwork materials called compositions that are applied to the finished surface in liquid form, thin layers, and which form a thin protective film. Strongly adhering to the base. Painting materials have a number of properties characteristic of all building materials in general. But it is they who allow building materials protective resistance of the finished surface.

This is physical properties(density. Porosity, water absorption, humidity, moisture loss, frost resistance, thermal conductivity, color, gloss, light resistance, weather resistance).

Mechanical properties (strength, elasticity, plasticity, brittleness, hardness, abrasion, elasticity). Chemical properties(acid resistance, alkali resistance, water resistance, oil resistance, corrosion resistance, toxicity)

Paint formulations include water and non-aqueous pigments and binders. In aqueous paint compositions, lime, cement, liquid glass, various adhesives, in non-aqueous - natural and artificial drying oils, synthetic resins, bitumen, etc. Binders determine the type paint coloring(adhesive, oil, synthetic) and its scope.

Adhesive compositions are usually painted walls and ceilings indoors with normal humidity. Synthetic, silicate, water-based paints are more versatile. They are used for finishing any kind of surfaces except metal. They reliably protect structures and products in conditions of variable temperature regime and exposure to aggressive environments.

After drying and hardening, the applied paint compositions form a protective film firmly adhered to the surface to be painted.

Classification of paint compositions

Painting compositions are classified according to the type of film-forming substance and the operating conditions of the coatings.

According to their purpose, the following types of paint compositions are distinguished in the coating: primers that ensure adhesion of the coating to the surface; putties and lubricating pastes that level the surface to be painted; paint compositions that give surfaces decorative, protective and technical properties.

The alphanumeric system for designating the main paint compositions consists of five groups of signs for paints, enamels, primers, putties and four groups of signs for varnishes.

The first sign - the full word - denotes the composition group (paint, varnish, enamel, primer, putty).

The second character (two capital letters) shows the film-forming substance (kind of resin, copolymer, drying oil, etc.). If the composition includes a mixture of film-forming substances, then the second group of signs is designated by the type of film-forming substance that determines the main properties of this composition. Between the second and third groups, an index is placed that determines the type of paint composition (for water-based, water-borne, powder, organo-silicate, etc.): B - without active solvent, C - water-borne, OD - organodispersed, P - powder, E - emulsion.

The index from the second group of characters is separated by a hyphen.

Composition of paints

Pigments are one of constituent parts paints and enamels. The color depends on the type of pigment. paintwork, its hiding power, as well as resistance to atmospheric factors, chemical reagents and high temperatures. Pigments have certain color, since they are able to selectively reflect rays daylight. When a light beam falls on a pigment, part of the radiant energy is absorbed, and the rest is reflected, coloring the pigment in the color of the reflected rays.

Characteristics of water-based compositions

Water-based paints various colors are divided by purpose into 2 types: for external and internal works.

Water-based paints different colors for interior work

are a suspension of pigments and fillers in a plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion (emulsion) or styrene-butadiene latex. Designed for interior work on wood, plaster, cardboard, polyvinyl acetate dispersion (emulsion) or styrene-butadiene latex.

And also on old coatings oil paints, enamels, water-based.

Dilute paint before use tap water to viscosity according to the VZ viscometer - 4: 20 ... 25 s - when applied with a paint sprayer, 30 ... 40 s - when applied with a roller and 40 ... 50 s - when applied with a brush. - when applied with a roller and 40 ... 50 s - when applied with a brush. Paints are resistant - when applied with a roller and 40 ... 50 s - when applied with a brush. to freezing (up to 400C) and thawing. The paints are non-toxic and explosion-proof. Shelf life of paints is 6 months from the date of issue. For household needs, paints are packaged in containers from 0.5 to 3 liters. The main characteristics of these paints are indicated in the labels.

1.1. The technological map is developed for water-based and oil painting walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures.

1.2. The scope of work covered by the map includes:

surface preparation building structures to coloring;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints.

1.3. Type of painting: simple, improved, high quality, painting colors are set by the project.

2.1. Painting work inside the premises should be carried out after the completion of general construction and special works with the exception of parquet flooring, linoleum stickers, flooring made of synthetic materials. Window frames must be glazed. Before starting painting work at a construction site, surfaces must be accepted with the participation of work foremen and foremen in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-21-73 "Finishing coatings of building structures".

2.2. Surface preparation and painting may be carried out at an air temperature of at least 10 °C and ventilation providing relative humidity air is not more than 70%, the humidity of the surface of structures should not be more than 8%.

2.3. Requirements for surfaces to be prepared for painting (GOST 22844-72).

Table 1

2.4. It is allowed to prepare for painting the surfaces of building structures and their junctions (corners, junctions, joints) that do not have deviations from the design position given in Table 1, as well as through and shrinkage cracks opened to a width of more than 3 mm.

2.5. Surfaces to be prepared for painting should be free of dirt, stains and efflorescence. The surfaces of industrial products must meet the requirements of the standards for these products. Plastered structures should not have plaster detachments from the surface of structures, traces of a trowel tool, or mortar streaks. Surfaces lined with sheets of dry gypsum plaster must not have:

Violations of fastening sheets;

Exfoliation of cardboard from gypsum from the end of the sheet by more than 20 mm;

Tears of cardboard with exposure of gypsum to a length of more than 30 mm;

More than two broken corners in the joint of sheets over the entire surface and more than one broken corner in one joint.

Surfaces lined with asbestos-cement sheets to be prepared for painting should not have bevels, rips, sags, or distortions.

2.6. When preparing surfaces for painting, the following technological operations should be performed:

Surface cleaning;

Surface smoothing;

Jointing of cracks;

Priming;

Partial grease;

Grinding greased places;

Solid putty;

Grinding;

The second solid putty;

Grinding.

2.7. They clean the surfaces and cracks on it from dust, dirt, splashes and streaks of the solution using metal scrapers, a bream, artificial pumice stone fixed in a clip or hinged. Fat stains are washed with a 2% hydrochloric acid solution using a brush; efflorescence on the surface is swept away with brushes, the cleaned places are washed and the surface is dried to a moisture content of not more than 8%. Cracks are embroidered with a plaster knife or a metal spatula to a depth of 2 mm.

Surface priming

2.8. Before painting with water-based compositions, the first priming of the surface is performed with a soap maker prepared in accordance with TU 400-2-143-77 (Notice No. 1 on extension until 1982) from bone glue, drying oil, laundry soap and water.

Soap primer at a construction site is prepared from a concentrated base (jelly) produced by the Stroydetal plant of the Mosotdelprom trust in the form of briquettes weighing 1 kg. The jelly is used for 10 days in summer and 20 days in winter. To prepare the primer, the weight part of the jelly is poured in two parts hot water (t= 80 °С). Then the composition is stirred until the jelly is completely dissolved, 3 parts are added cold water and mix thoroughly again. Before use, the primer is filtered through a sieve with 625 holes/cm 2 . The primer must be homogeneous, without traces of delamination, undissolved pieces of soap, and also without grains of sand and other debris. Inflict primer composition mechanized way using an electric spray gun or spray gun. To obtain a uniform primer layer, the fishing rod is moved along the surface at a distance of 0.75 m from the seam, while simultaneously making smooth circular movements in a spiral. The second and third priming is carried out with a paint composition diluted with water to a viscosity of 40 - 43 seconds according to VZ-4, applied using a roller.

2.9. Before painting oil formulations perform surface polishing with the following composition:

drying oil, kg - 1

pigment for subcolor, kg - 0.05 - 0.1

solvent (turpentine, gasoline, etc.), kg - 0.05 - 0.1

Pigment is introduced into drying oil with thorough mixing and the mixture is passed through a sieve with a mesh of 918 resp./cm 2 . Before use, a solvent is added to the composition to a working consistency.

The second and, if necessary, the third primer is performed with a color scheme to match the color of the final color, diluted with drying oil or emulsion to a more liquid consistency.

The primer is applied to the surface in a thin, even, continuous layer, without gaps, carefully shading. The primed surface should have an even color without separate glossy or matte spots.

2.10. Embroidered cracks, shells and other irregularities are filled with putty using a steel or wooden spatula. After the greased places dry out, they are polished with a pumice stone inserted into the clip, or with a sanding skin fixed in the clip.

2.11. The putty used to fill cracks, sinks and leveling surfaces should be a homogeneous non-separating mass, have the property of strong adhesion to the surface, and be easily leveled on the treated surface. Putty is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant and delivered to the construction site packed in plastic bags weighing 15 kg. At the place of work, the putty is passed for grinding in the CO-116 paint grinder (if necessary).

The first solid putty should be carried out with a composition that differs in color from the layer of the first primer and the layer partial grease.

The putty is applied in a uniform continuous layer 2–3 mm thick “on the strip” with a metal or plastic spatula, followed by smoothing and removing excess putty until gaps of the lower layer appear from under it. Putty should fill only the cavities. The second and subsequent solid putties are performed with a composition that differs in color from the first, etc. (Fig. 3, 4).

2.12. Grinding of solid putty is carried out using mechanical grinders IE-2201A with sandpaper, reinforced on a wooden grater, pumice stone until a smooth surface is obtained, followed by dust removal with a vacuum cleaner.

2.13. Surfaces prepared for painting should not be bleached, and should not have deviations exceeding those given in Table. 2, cracks in places of puttying, emerging stripes and spots (GOST 22844-72).

table 2

Requirements for surfaces prepared for painting

Surfaces prepared for painting should be checked in any place, but at least in three places for unevenness and local defects.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints

2.14. Emulsion paints are produced by the industry in different colors, ready for use. Before use, the paint is thoroughly mixed, brought to a working consistency by adding water. It is impossible to apply water-based paints on surfaces previously treated with vitriol.

2.15. For the first coloring, the viscosity of the water-based paint is adjusted to 50 - 70 s, according to VZ-4, and for the second - 70 - 80 s. The surface is painted with rollers on elongated handles directly from the floor or with brushes. Before this, a handbrake brush is used to layer the ceilings and baseboards and paint the inner corners.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints

2.16. Oil paints are a suspension of the corresponding pigment (iron minium, mummy, ocher, etc.), rubbed on drying oil.

Before use, they are brought to a paint consistency by diluting natural drying oil in the amount of 30 - 40% by weight of the thickened paint. After dilution with drying oil, if necessary, dilute with white spirit in an amount of not more than 5% by weight of the diluted paint.

If the primer is applied by hand, it is prepared according to the recipe specified in paragraph 2.9. Drying oil is added with stirring to the thickly ground paint of the same color that the coloring composition should have for subsequent coloring.

When applying the primer by air spraying, a VM emulsion (water:oil) is used, which is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant of Mosotdelprom. The emulsion is delivered to the construction site ready for use in cans.

Apply the emulsion using an electric spray gun or spray gun, see clause 2.8.

2.17. Painting with water-based and oil paints is carried out with rollers or brushes. When painting with a brush, it is immersed in a container with paint for 1/4 of the length of the bristles. First, the paint is applied in bold, somewhat receding stripes from one another and shaded in the transverse, and then, finally, in the longitudinal direction.

When painting with a roller, the roller is lowered into the bath and rolled once or twice on an inclined grid, squeezing out excess paint. Then the roller is rolled over the surface. Coloring is done in two or three passes with a roller: the first pass is carried out by vertical movements of the roller; the second - in a horizontal direction, shading the applied layer. With each subsequent pass of the roller, the previous one should be overlapped by 3 - 4 cm (Fig. 5).

2.18. Flattening is performed with the end of a dry brush without pressing on the flute by reciprocal movements of the flute until the brush marks and streaks are completely removed from the surface (Fig. 6).

2.19. Trimming (if necessary) is performed with a dry trimming brush, applying light blows to the freshly painted surface (Fig. 7).

2.20. Painting must be carried out in compliance with SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in Construction" and "Fire Safety Rules for Construction and Installation Works".

Particular attention should be paid to the following: painting work at height should be carried out from inventory scaffolding, ladders, universal trestle tables, mobile towers and other inventory devices. When performing work on flights of stairs it is necessary to use special scaffolds (tables) with different lengths of support posts installed on the steps.

The working platform must be horizontal and have railings.

It is allowed to store painting materials only in places specially provided for by the PPR.

When preparing paint compositions with a paint grater, the following precautions must be taken:

prevent overheating of the electric motor during the operation of the paint grinder;

do not leave a working paint grinder unattended;

do not allow unauthorized persons who have not undergone special training to work on the paint grinder.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training and have received a certificate for the right to work with these tools are allowed to work with electrified tools.

Protective goggles must be worn when cleaning the surface and grinding. When washing surfaces with hydrochloric acid solution, workers should wear goggles, rubber boots and gloves. Dilute the acid by slowly pouring it into the water. Prepare and store paints, varnish, solvents should be in separate buildings equipped with ventilation. Containers for adhesives and paints should be stored in a specially designated place outdoors on a designated area, at least 30 m away from the place of work.

2.21. The front of painting works is divided into sections. The size of the occupants is determined taking into account the output reached by the link, each occupancy must consist of an integer number of apartments in residential buildings, a whole number of premises in administrative, school and cultural buildings. In industrial buildings, the grip should consist of an integer number of spans.

2.22. Works on painting with oil and water-based compositions are carried out by specialized units of two people each: painters of the 4th and 2nd category. First, both members of the link prepare the surfaces for painting, that is, they smooth or clean the surfaces and expand the cracks. Then the painter of the 4th category performs the priming of the surfaces with an electric spray gun or roller. After drying the primed surface, the painter of the 2nd category performs a partial lubrication of individual places, then both members of the link perform continuous puttying of the surface, then polishing it. The second priming, puttying and subsequent painting of surfaces is carried out by both members of the link

HIGH-QUALITY PAINTING type of painting, including cleaning of the surface, one- or two-time continuous puttying and priming with sanding, painting in one or two times with flattening

(Bulgarian; Bulgarian) - high quality boydiswana

(Czech; Čeština) - -

(German language; Deutsch) - Qualitatsanstrich

(Hungarian; Magyar) - osztalyon feluli minősegű festes

(Mongolian) - say chanaryn budalt

(Polish language; Polska) - malowanie wysokojakościowe

(Romanian; Român) - vopsire de înaltă calitate

(Serbo-Croatian; Srpski jezik; Hrvatski jezik) - visokokvalitetno bojenje

(Spanish; Español) - pintura de alta calidad

(English language; English) - high - quality painting

(French language; Français) - peinturage de haute qualite

Construction dictionary.

See what "HIGH-QUALITY PAINTING" is in other dictionaries:

high quality coloring- Type of painting, including cleaning the surface, one or two continuous puttying and priming with sanding, painting in one or two times with flattening [ Terminological dictionary on construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR)] Topics ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

High quality painting- - type of painting, including surface cleaning, one or two continuous puttying and priming with sanding, painting in one or two times with flattening. [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy ... ...

General, paint- Heading terms: General, paints Barrier coating layer Coating gloss Film-forming agent Outer layer of the paint system … Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials

Painting works- Rice. 1. Tools and fixtures for painting. Rice. 1. Tools and accessories for painting works: 1 fly brush; 2 brush flutes; 3 brush maklovitsa; 4 brush handbrake; 5 panel brush; 6 brush trimming; 7 steel brushes; 8 roller;… … Encyclopedia "Housing"

ART PRODUCTS IN THE HOUSE- ART PRODUCTS IN THE HOUSE. Art products made of glass, crystal, porcelain, metal, stone, wood and other factory or handicraft materials are used to decorate a room. Many of them not only decorate, but also have ... ... Brief Encyclopedia household

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ORDER OF LENIN

MOSORGSTROY

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD
FOR WATER EMULSION AND OIL COLORING
WALLS AND CEILINGS

Moscow - 1983

Typical routing developed by the Department of Design and Finishing Technology of the Mosorgstroy Trust (L.K. Nemtsyn, A.N. Strigina) and agreed with the Office of Finishing Works of Glavmosstroy (V.I. Malin).

The map shows the technological sequence of work for water-based and oil painting, there are sections on safety, workplace organization, and the quality of the work performed. A standard set of tools and fixtures is given.

APPLICATION AREA

1.1. The technological map was developed for water-based and oil painting of walls used in the decoration of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures.

1.2. The scope of work covered by the map includes:

preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints;

painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints.

1.3. Type of painting: simple, improved, high quality, painting colors are set by the project.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Painting work inside the premises should be carried out after completion of general construction and special works, with the exception of parquet flooring, linoleum stickers, flooring made of synthetic materials. Window frames must be glazed. Before starting painting work at a construction site, surfaces must be accepted with the participation of work foremen and foremen in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -21-73 "Finishing coatings of building structures".

2.2. Surface preparation and painting may be carried out at an air temperature of at least 10 °C and ventilation providing a relative air humidity of not more than 70%, the humidity of the structure surface should not exceed 8%.

A. Preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting

2.3. Requirements for surfaces to be prepared for painting (GOST 22844-72).

Table 1

2.4. It is allowed to prepare for painting the surfaces of building structures and their junctions (corners, junctions, joints) that do not have deviations from the design position given in Table. , as well as through and shrinkage cracks, opened to a width of more than 3 mm.

2.5. Surfaces to be prepared for painting should be free of dirt, stains and efflorescence. The surfaces of industrial products must meet the requirements of the standards for these products. Plastered structures should not have plaster detachments from the surface of structures, traces of a trowel tool, or mortar streaks. Surfaces lined with dry sheets gypsum plaster should not have:

violations of fastening sheets;

delamination of cardboard from gypsum from the end of the sheet by more than 20 mm;

tearing of cardboard with exposure of gypsum for a length of more than 30 mm;

more than two broken corners in the joint of sheets over the entire surface and more than one broken corner in one joint.

Surfaces lined with asbestos-cement sheets, to be prepared for painting, should not have rims, rips, sags, or distortions.

2.6. When preparing surfaces for painting, the following technological operations should be performed:

surface cleaning;

surface smoothing;

jointing of cracks;

priming;

partial grease;

grinding of greased places;

solid putty;

grinding;

second solid putty;

grinding.

2.7. They clean the surfaces and cracks on it from dust, dirt, splashes and streaks of the solution using metal scrapers, a bream, artificial pumice stone fixed in a holder or a hinged grater (Fig.,). Fat stains are washed with a 2% hydrochloric acid solution with a brush; efflorescence on the surface is swept away with brushes, the cleaned places are washed and the surface is dried to a moisture content of not more than 8%. Cracks are embroidered with a plaster knife or a metal spatula to a depth of 2 mm.

Surface priming

2.8. Before painting with water-based compositions, the first priming of the surface is performed with a soap maker prepared in accordance with TU 400-2-143-77 (Notice No. 1 on extension until 1982) from bone glue, drying oil, laundry soap and water.

Soap primer at a construction site is prepared from a concentrated base (jelly) produced by the Stroydetal plant of the Mosotdelprom trust in the form of briquettes weighing 1 kg. The jelly is used for 10 days in summer and 20 days in winter. To prepare the primer, the weight part of the jelly is poured into two parts of hot water ( t= 80 °С). Then the composition is stirred until the jelly is completely dissolved, 3 parts of cold water are added and again thoroughly mixed. Before use, the primer is filtered through a sieve with 625 holes/cm 2 . The primer must be homogeneous, without traces of delamination, undissolved pieces of soap, and also without grains of sand and other debris. The primer composition is applied mechanized using an electric spray gun or airbrush. To obtain a uniform primer layer, the fishing rod is moved along the surface at a distance of 0.75 m from the seam, while simultaneously making smooth circular movements in a spiral. The second and third priming is carried out with a paint composition diluted with water to a viscosity of 40 - 43 seconds according to VZ-4, applied using a roller.

2.9. Before painting with oil compositions, the surfaces are pro-oiled with the following composition:

drying oil, kg - 1

pigment for subcolor, kg - 0.05 - 0.1

solvent (turpentine, gasoline, etc.), kg - 0.05 - 0.1

Pigment is introduced into drying oil with thorough mixing and the mixture is passed through a sieve with a mesh of 918 resp./cm 2 . Before use, a solvent is added to the composition to a working consistency.

The second and, if necessary, the third primer is performed with a color scheme to match the color of the final color, diluted with drying oil or emulsion to a more liquid consistency.

The primer is applied to the surface in a thin, even, continuous layer, without gaps, carefully shading. The primed surface should have an even color without separate glossy or matte spots.

2.10. Embroidered cracks, shells and other irregularities are filled with putty using a steel or wooden spatula. After the greased places dry out, they are polished with a pumice stone inserted into the clip, or with a sanding skin fixed in the clip.

2.11. The putty used to fill cracks, sinks and leveling surfaces should be a homogeneous non-separating mass, have the property of strong adhesion to the surface, and be easily leveled on the treated surface. Putty is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant and delivered to the construction site packed in 15 kg plastic bags. At the place of work, the putty is passed for grinding in the CO-116 paint grinder (if necessary).

The first continuous putty should be carried out with a composition that differs in color from the first primer layer and the partial grease layer.

The putty is applied in a uniform continuous layer 2–3 mm thick “on the strip” with a metal or plastic spatula, followed by smoothing and removing excess putty until gaps of the lower layer appear from under it. Putty should fill only the cavities. The second and subsequent solid putties are performed with a composition that differs in color from the first, etc. (rice. , ).

2.12. Grinding of solid putty is carried out using mechanical grinders IE-2201A with sandpaper, reinforced on a wooden grater, pumice stone until a smooth surface is obtained, followed by dust removal with a vacuum cleaner.

2.13. Surfaces prepared for painting should not be bleached, and should not have deviations exceeding those given in Table. , cracks in places of puttying, emerging stripes and spots (GOST 22844-72).

Table 2

Requirements for surfaces prepared for painting

Surfaces prepared for painting should be checked in any place, but at least in three places for unevenness and local defects.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with water-based paints

2.14. Emulsion paints are produced by the industry in different colors, ready for use. Before use, the paint is thoroughly mixed, brought to a working consistency by adding water. It is impossible to apply water-based paints on surfaces previously treated with vitriol.

2.15. For the first coloring, the viscosity of the water-based paint is adjusted to 50 - 70 s, according to VZ-4, and for the second - 70 - 80 s. The surface is painted with rollers on elongated handles directly from the floor or with brushes. Before this, a handbrake brush is used to layer the ceilings and baseboards and paint the inner corners.

Painting surfaces of building structures indoors with oil paints

2.16. Oil paints are a suspension of the corresponding pigment (iron minium, mummy, ocher, etc.), rubbed on drying oil.

Before use, they are brought to a paint consistency by diluting with natural drying oil in an amount of 30 - 40% by weight of the thickly grated paint. After dilution with drying oil, if necessary, dilute with white spirit in an amount of not more than 5% by weight of the diluted paint.

If the primer is applied by hand, it is prepared according to the recipe specified in paragraph . Drying oil is added with stirring to the thickly ground paint of the same color that the coloring composition should have for subsequent coloring.

When applying the primer by air spraying, a VM emulsion (water:oil) is used, which is prepared centrally at the Stroydetal plant of Mosotdelprom. The emulsion is delivered to the construction site ready for use in cans.

Apply the emulsion using an electric spray gun or spray gun, see p.

2.17. Painting with water-based and oil paints is carried out with rollers or brushes. When painting with a brush, it is immersed in a container with paint for 1/4 of the length of the bristles. First, the paint is applied in bold, somewhat receding stripes from one another and shaded in the transverse, and then, finally, in the longitudinal direction.

When painting with a roller, the roller is lowered into the bath and rolled once or twice on an inclined grid, squeezing out excess paint. Then the roller is rolled over the surface. Coloring is done in two or three passes with a roller: the first pass is carried out by vertical movements of the roller; the second - in a horizontal direction, shading the applied layer. With each subsequent pass of the roller, the previous one should be overlapped by 3-4 cm (Fig. ).

2.18. Flattening is performed with the end of a dry brush without pressing on the flute by reciprocal movements of the flute until the brush marks and streaks are completely removed from the surface (Fig. ).

2.19. Trimming (if necessary) is performed with a dry trimming brush, applying light blows to the freshly painted surface (Fig.).

2.20. Painting must be carried out in compliance with the "Safety in construction" and "Fire safety rules in the production of construction and installation works."

Particular attention should be paid to the following: painting work at height should be carried out from inventory scaffolding, ladders, universal trestle tables, mobile towers and other inventory devices. When performing work on flights of stairs, it is necessary to use special scaffolding (tables) with different lengths of support posts installed on the steps.

The work floor must behorizontal and have railings.

It is allowed to store painting materials only in places specially provided for by the PPR.

When preparing paint compositions with a paint grater, the following precautions must be taken:

prevent overheating of the electric motor during the operation of the paint grinder;

do not leave a working paint grinder unattended;

do not allow unauthorized persons who have not undergone special training to work on the paint grinder.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training and have received a certificate for the right to work with these tools are allowed to work with electrified tools.

Protective goggles must be worn when cleaning the surface and grinding. When washing surfaces with a solution of hydrochloric acid Workers should wear safety goggles, rubber boots and gloves. Dilute the acid by slowly pouring it into the water. Prepare and store paints, varnish, solvents should be in separate buildings equipped with ventilation. Containers for adhesives and paints should be stored in a specially designated place outdoors on a designated area, at least 30 m away from the place of work.

2.21. The front of painting works is divided into sections. The size of the occupants is determined taking into account the output achieved by the link, each occupancy should consist of an integer number of apartments in residential buildings, an integer number of premises in administrative, school and cultural buildings. In industrial buildings, the grip should consist of an integer number of spans.

2.22. Works on painting with oil and water-based compositions are carried out by specialized units of two people each: painters of the 4th and 2nd category. First, both members of the link prepare the surfaces for painting, that is, they smooth or clean the surfaces and expand the cracks. Then the painter of the 4th category performs the priming of the surfaces with an electric spray gun or roller. After drying the primed surface, the painter of the 2nd category performs a partial lubrication of individual places, then both members of the link perform continuous puttying of the surface, then polishing it. The second priming, puttying and subsequent painting of the surfaces are carried out by both members of the link.

3. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Table 3

Labor costing

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

4.1. The need for basic materials and semi-finished products

Table 4

4.2. The need for machines, equipment, tools and fixtures per link

Table 5

When stained, it is possible various options wall decoration (Fig. 219). The simplest of them is the option when the ceiling and walls are painted in the same color (most often white).

However, it is better to paint them in two colors: the ceiling and cornice - in white, the walls - in a different color. Various paints at the junction are usually separated by a narrow strip - a panel - from 5 to 20 mm wide, but of such a color that, emphasizing the paint of the wall, it does not stand out sharply on it. On the technique of layering the panel, see p. 362 and fig. 218. Instead of a panel, a border can be removed - a strip with a width of 50 to 100 mm; a strip with a width of 250 to 500 mm is called a frieze, and from 600 to 1000 mm - a tapestry. The part of the wall below the frieze and the tapestry is a panel, which can be 1.5 m or more high. The joints between the frieze, tapestry and panel are separated by a panel.

Big role in coloring plays a sequence of works. When painting walls and ceilings in one color, everything is primed at once, and after the primer dries, paint is applied. If the ceiling and cornice are painted in White color, and the walls (up to the eaves) - in another, then the ceiling and cornices are first primed and painted, then the walls. When the ceiling and walls are primed at once, then when painting the ceiling and cornice with white tint, the walls can be splashed. If these traces are not removed, then when applying a color scheme of a different color, the splashes are extinguished, leaving lighter stripes or spots on the surface.
If there are no pulled cornices, then at the top of the walls (near the ceiling) a strip 100 - 150 mm wide is removed with a white color scheme and a line is beaten off with a chalked cord. A strip is drawn along this line with a primer and the walls are primed, and then painted in the same sequence.
Coloring can be simple, improved and high quality.
simple coloring includes five operations: cleaning the surface of dust and dirt, smoothing it with the end of the board, greasing defects, priming, painting and layering the panel.
Improved coloration consists of nine operations: cleaning the surface, smoothing it with the end of the board, lubricating defects, priming, puttying individual rough places, grinding greased or puttied places, secondary priming, painting and drawing out the panel.
High quality painting consists of fifteen operations: cleaning the surface, smoothing it with the end of the board, greasing defects, priming, partial lubrication of individual defects, grinding them, the first solid putty, its grinding, secondary priming, puttying, grinding, third priming with tinting, painting, staining and stretching panels.
The primer is applied on completely dry surfaces and shaded well: with poor shading, stripes remain on the surface, spoiling the appearance of the color.
Ceiling painting. The repaired and dried ceiling is primed, dried, the color is prepared and the ceiling is painted with it.
First, the paint is applied across, then along, carefully shading it so that the stripes ("lases") applied with a brush are as long, smooth and thin as possible. With long “lasses”, there are fewer joints and a more even color. Elongated cornices and corners are especially carefully painted, where gaps are always possible. It is best to pre-paint such places with a small brush.
Wall painting. Repaired and dried walls are first primed, then painted. If a strip is allocated at the top of the walls with a white color scheme, then a straight line is beaten off along it with a chalked cord and a strip of 50-100 mm wide prepared for the wall is drawn along the ruler with a small brush, and then they start painting the walls with a large brush (painting - along the length of the walls, and shading - in height).
If necessary, a panel is made at the junction of two colors.
Staining of bindings and doors. First, pins, tars, knots are cut down to a depth of 2 - 3 mm and these places are dried. Putty is applied to the dried drying oil ( deep places lubricate two or three times), grind it, dry it again and start painting the surface. If it is rough, then it is completely oiled, puttied, sanded, then primed and painted. The end sides of the wood (bars at the bindings and doors) should not be painted.
Painting plastered walls. First of all, they inspect the walls, repair and clean up defects, linseed, dry and paint the entire surface. If it is not clean enough, it is smeared in places or completely puttied, sanded, primed with putty and then painted.
It is necessary to paint the walls 2 - 3 times, and each subsequent layer of paint is applied to the well-dried previous one (preferably after 2 - 3 days). It is necessary to shade the paint as evenly as possible: on bars of bindings and doors, this is done along the fibers of the wood, on plastered walls - vertically.
Walls and doors can be painted with paints of any color, and bindings and slopes - better with whitewash.
Floor painting. For their coloring, red lead, ocher or paint specially manufactured by industry is used. The boards prepared for painting must be completely dry and clean. If the floors are dry, they are rallied (re-laid) or inserted into the slots of the slats, strengthening them with nails or glue, and then planed.
The easy way. With this method, the floors are dried, defects are corrected, they are primed, sanded and, after drying, the first layer of paint is applied. The second layer is applied after 3 days, the third (if necessary) - after 5. Dry the painted floors for at least a week. Then for 3-4 days they are washed daily hot water to remove the protruding drying oil, preventing the soles of the shoes from sticking to the floor.
Improved way. It is possible only if the floor boards do not bend at all (do not walk) and fit tightly. Such a floor is planed, oiled, defects are eliminated, polished, again oiled, dried, completely puttied with semi-oil or oil putty (1-2 times), the putty is dried, sanded and painted the floor 3 times, thoroughly drying each applied layer. The dried floor is washed for 3-4 days with hot water.
high quality way. Includes the same operations as the improved one, with an additional sticker of fabric or gauze and puttying on it at least 2 times. After drying and drying, the floor is puttied, the fresh putty is covered with a thin cloth or gauze, tightly stretched and smoothed.
After drying, putty on fabric or gauze a second, and possibly a third time, sanded and painted 3 times.
For painting 1 m 2 of the floor, it is required: with a two-time application - 200 g of paint, three times - 250 - 280 g.