Flowers and feng shui: positive energy in the house. Journey into the world of plants Primula what information does this flower carry

A primrose flower or primrose blooms from the first warm rays spring sun waiting for the snow to completely melt.

Endurance and unpretentiousness, along with grace, beauty and delicate aroma, the plant has won love and popularity among landscaping and landscaping specialists and flower growers.

Types and varieties of primrose

The variety of colors and shades of primrose inflorescences allows you to create vivid compositions in any corner of nature. In the color of flowers of perennial primrose there is a huge range of colors and shades, with the exception of blue.

Flowers of five petals can be single or collected in inflorescences in the form of an umbrella (umbellate), a small brush (racemose), also spherical and capitate. The number of flowers located at the ends of the stems ranges from 10 to 20.

The timing of flowering is determined by two main types of primrose:

1. Summer flowering primroses bloom in summer months. They adorn garden and park landscapes from June to the end of August. This category of primroses is distinguished by a powerful rosette of large leaves, high peduncle, reaching a level of 40 cm to 1 meter. The flowers of the summer-flowering primrose are collected in original inflorescences that look like a bell or a candelabra. All groups of this species of primrose shed their foliage with the onset of cold weather, they are susceptible to spring temperature fluctuations, which explains their germination by early summer and late and long flowering.

Important. Primula prefers slightly shaded areas of the garden. But some alpine varieties and hybrids grow well in sunny plots. The soil should be selected, creating an acidic or slightly alkaline environment for primrose. Heavy soil is diluted with sand and organic additives, which can be used as manure.

Beginning flowering in summer include:

• Japanese primrose differs from other species in the height of the pedicel and the shape of the inflorescences. The pedicel reaches a height of 1 meter, Inflorescences, high primrose have flowers of pink or raspberry color, branched, occupy several tiers on the pedicel, resembling a candelabra. Places of growth prefers moist, light soils, as it grows in the wild in wetlands;
• In the first days of June, Siebold's primrose blooms. The rosette consists of large serrated or lobed leaves on long petioles, pubescent in some hybrids. This type of primrose has purple flowers with a white throat, grows on a peduncle about 30 cm high. The inflorescences consist of large flowers 2.5-3.0 cm in diameter, collected in loose umbrellas. Siebold's primrose blooms at the end of May. Long creeping roots of this type of primrose contribute to its good growth. The duration of flowering is 1-1.5 months, after which the plant dies off completely, leaving an empty space in the garden.

Important. Primroses of some varieties during the season form daughter rosettes. They should be separated from the mother bush and transplanted to a new place. Otherwise, the root system of new outlets will be on the surface and the entire bush may die in the cold season.

Primula Siebold

• The leaves of the Byss primrose rosette stand out among all types of primroses with the size of the leaves, their length is about 50 cm. Flowers grow on a peduncle 60-70 cm high, collected inflorescences resembling candelabra. Byss primrose flowers range in color from pink to raspberry. The flowering of primrose Byss begins in early June. This type of primrose winters in the ground, withstanding minus temperature up to 23 about C;
• Bulley's primrose tolerates partial shade and bright sun well. A medium-sized rosette is assembled from jagged leaves about 40 cm long. The large orange and yellow flowers of Bulley's primrose are 5-7 tiers on a peduncle reaching a height of 50 cm; In winter, under snow cover, it withstands temperatures of minus 23 ° C;

Primula Bullea Primula Byssa Japanese Primrose

Primroses Byss and Bulley became the ancestors of the Astor hybrid. The color of its flowers combines pink and lilac or yellow and orange;

• The Florinda primrose blooms from the first days of June to the end of August. A native of the Tibetan Plateau, where it prefers moist soil near the banks of rivers and swamps, it grows in gardens and parks where its botanical properties predominate: partial shade and humidity. The Florinda primrose flower has an inflorescence in the form of a drooping umbrella, collected from a large number of bell flowers. Some umbrellas have about 80 flowers. Primula has strong aroma vanilla, the flowers are bright yellow to orange with a red tinge. Flower stalk of Florinda, growing on soils favorable for it with high humidity, reaches a height of about one meter. Primrose flowering begins in June and ends in the last days of August;
• The Sikkimese primrose flower blooms in July. The plant is distinguished by its powerful appearance, resistant to winter cold. The peduncle is a thin, but very strong stem, on which are collected in several tiers fragrant flowers. On one peduncle there can be 20 large flowers of light yellow color. The plant is cold-resistant, but in the first year of planting it should be covered.

Sikkimese primrose Florinda primrose

Primroses of various groups in the garden enliven and delight the eye throughout the spring-summer season.

Primrose room

Despite the variety of primrose hybrids, bred varieties require more careful care than their relatives in the garden. In the primrose room, you need to choose the optimal conditions:

• A primrose flower in a pot should take a cool place, for example, on a windowsill;
• Lighting for a flower should be diffused;
• Watering should be moderate, do not allow the soil to dry out in a pot;
• An increase in watering should be followed in the period before flowering, when the plant begins to actively develop. Lack of moisture will cause yellowing of the edge of the sheet plate;

After flowering, indoor primrose can be planted in the garden. At the end of summer, you can see the repeated flowering of the indoor hybrid.

Features of reproduction of primrose

Bright, delicate primrose flowers, as well, are loved by gardeners. They are grown not only in garden plots, lawns. You can get a blooming primrose in a room. This is a category of indoor hybrids. You can get the flower you like and grow it in the garden or on the windowsill using any of the propagation methods:

• Planting primrose seeds in the spring can be carried out directly in the ground or grow seedlings in a greenhouse filled with nutrient soil mixture. The time for planting seeds in a greenhouse is February, March. Before spring planting seeds in a greenhouse, they should be stratified - a special cold treatment.

Planting seeds in the ground is carried out immediately, after the snow cover melts, on a site prepared in the fall;

• Summer planting of seeds is carried out immediately after the seeds ripen. Gardeners always adhere to this rule, since primrose seeds lose their germination capacity without observing special conditions storage. Time summer planting falls from July to the end of August
• The best results are obtained when sowing seeds between October and December. Winter landing is more effective. First spring days after the snow melts, the soil is full of moisture, which is an important factor for seed germination.

The emerging shoots are transplanted into pots with prepared nutrient soil. With the onset of heat, the shoots are planted in a designated area in the garden.

Important. AT open ground plant a plant that has not entered the flowering phase. Landing must be carried out in cool, better cloudy weather. The seedling should be watered, the ground under it should be wet.

Primula, rules of care

Primrose is a fairly unpretentious and easy-to-care plant.

However, there are some mandatory aspects of growing primrose in a garden plot:

• In the spring, you should monitor the level of soil moisture, avoiding its excess and avoiding wetting of leaf plates;
• During the period of growth, budding and flowering, primrose needs to be fed with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components that are part of complex mineral fertilizers. Primrose responds well to the addition of ordinary manure;
• In the process of growth, the exposed root of the plant with grown daughter shoots must be spudded. This will protect the rhizome from drying out in summer and protect it from frost on cold winter days.
• Timely remove weeds in which bacteria and fungi dangerous to primrose settle;
• Monitor the condition of plants by treating or removing specimens affected by disease or pests.

Compliance necessary rules will allow you to get the first bright flowers with a delicate aroma in the first spring days.

Diseases and pests of primroses

The primrose flower, a plant that is not afraid of cold weather, suffers from many diseases and pests. viruses, yellowing sheet plates. Affected parts of the plant should be removed;

• Various types of rust. The fungus causes the appearance of red spots on the leaves, as a result, the plant begins to dry out. To protect the plant from the death of planting, primrose is treated with Bordeaux mixture;
• Spotting of leaf plates. Plants affected by this disease are removed. The remaining plants are treated with phytosporin or a mixture of slaked lime, blue vitriol and water (Bordeaux liquid);
• Stagnant water can cause the appearance of late blight rot of the roots, stem, rosette of leaves. Bordeaux fluid or its analogues are used to combat this disease.

The main pests of primrose are aphids, weevils, slugs and nematodes. To combat them, they use spraying with an infusion of garlic and shag, planting marigolds that repel pests of plants. Slugs have to be collected by hand.

Proper planting of primroses, timely feeding and removal of affected plants will provide the garden with grace and beauty.

Primula - gentle flowering plant from the primrose family. Its name can also be translated as "primrose". In its natural environment, the flower is found on the slopes of the Alps, as well as in the temperate climate of Eurasia and North America. A cap of delicate flowers on low growth appears already in the middle of spring and lasts a very long time. Today, primrose is grown not only in the garden, but also at home as a houseplant. There are many varieties with different flowering time and appearance. Florists know how to make this beauty bloom in right time, therefore, for the holidays, pots with colorful primroses appear in abundance.

plant description

Primrose is a perennial, and occasionally an annual herbaceous plant. It has a compact size. The height during the flowering period does not exceed 20-50 cm. The plant is nourished by a fibrous branched rhizome, which is located in upper layers soil. Immediately above the surface of the earth, a dense leaf rosette is formed. It contains sessile or petiolate leaves of oval, lanceolate or ovoid shape. They are painted in a gray-green hue without a pattern. The surface of the leaf is smooth or embossed, swollen between the veins. Leaf margins are either entire or finely serrated. Due to the short pile, the foliage seems fluffy and soft.

A long bare peduncle grows from the center of the rosette. Its top is decorated with a dense brush or umbrella, although there are varieties with single flowers on short legs. Regular corollas consist of five oval-shaped petals with a rounded or, conversely, pointed edge. At the base, the petals fuse into a narrow, long tube, and sharply bend along the edge. The color of the flower is very diverse (solid or variegated) - white, purple, lilac, pink and red. The center is almost always yellow. Flowers replace each other within 3-8 weeks.

After pollination by insects, oblong seed pods with soft edges ripen. Inside contains small elongated seeds with a smooth dark brown or black surface.

Variety of primroses

A very diverse genus of primrose includes about 400 plant species. Conventionally, they are divided into 38 sections.

Common primrose (vulgaris) or stemless (acaulis). This species is especially popular with gardeners. Plant height is 5-20 cm. Oval leaves with a corrugated surface grow on short petioles. They have a bright green color without spraying and grow up to 25 cm long, up to 4 cm wide. Funnel-shaped flowers with a diameter of 2-4 cm are distinguished by a variety of colors. They are grouped in a dense umbrella inflorescence and bloom in April-July.

An inhabitant of the alpine slopes grows denser, oval leaves with a smooth, shiny surface and grayish coating. In the center of the leaf rosette there is a cylindrical stem up to 20 cm long with a dense spike-shaped inflorescence of 6-7 yellow fragrant flowers.

A rather large species up to 30 cm high grows wide oval leaves with a wrinkled surface and serrated sides. The leaf length reaches 20-40 cm. A dense spherical inflorescence about 10 cm in diameter. It consists of purple, lilac, red or white tubular flowers up to 15 mm in diameter. Flowering occurs in April-May and lasts up to 40 days.

Primula obconica (obconica). Herbaceous perennial with many round or oval leaves grows up to 60 cm in height. Wavy petiolate leaves in diameter reach 10 cm. A large umbrella of white, pink or purple flowers rises above them.

The plant forms a dense rosette of openwork lobed leaves. Above them grow pubescent red-brown peduncles 30-35 cm long. Each bears only a few large (4 cm in diameter) flowers.

Perennial garden variety with elongated lanceolate leaves that form a symmetrical rosette. Peduncles 40-50 cm long contain several tiers of umbrella inflorescences, which are arranged in whorls. This species belongs to the group of candelabra primroses. The diameter of tubular flowers of various shades of red is 3 cm.

An inhabitant of the south of Europe grows wrinkled oval leaves with small teeth along the edges. The length of the leaves is 5-20 cm, and the width is 2-7 cm. Beautiful delicate flowers with a diameter of 2 cm have a light yellow color with a brighter center. They are grouped in an umbrella inflorescence of 5-15 units. The height of the peduncle is 10-35 cm. Flowering begins in April and lasts up to two months. Varieties:

• Primula colossea - larger flowers with crimson petals and a yellow star in the center;
• Duplex - dark yellow throat surrounded by bright cherry petals.

On the basis of species primroses, breeders have bred many varieties primrose terry. They differ large quantity petals compared to normal. From a distance, the buds look like small roses with softer petals. The Rosanna variety is especially popular. Bushes about 15 cm high are covered with a dense cap of narrow flowers of white, apricot, yellow, pink and red.

Reproduction methods

Primula is grown from seeds, and also propagated by dividing the bush and leaf cuttings. It should be noted that when sowing self-harvested seeds, varietal properties are especially terry primroses are not saved. The seeds themselves quickly lose their germination capacity, so they are sown as early as possible.

Seedlings should be grown first. To do this, in mid-February, shallow boxes are prepared with a mixture of turf, sand and leafy soil. Small seeds try to distribute evenly on the surface. They are only slightly pressed into the ground. To maintain moisture, the container is covered with a film and placed in freezer for 25-30 days. You can take the box outside. The air temperature during this period should be at -10°C.

After stratification, frozen seeds are transferred to a lighted window sill, to a room with a temperature of + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Shoots appear slowly and heterogeneously. When the seedlings reach the age of 2 weeks, the shelter is removed. Plants with 2-3 true leaves dive into another box with a greater distance. As it grows, a few more picks are carried out. For open ground, primrose seedlings will be ready only after 2 years.

A bush aged 4-5 years is recommended to be divided into several parts. This allows not only to get more plants but also to rejuvenate the existing ones. Do it in August-September. Pre-plants are well watered, dug up and carefully freed from the ground. The roots are washed in warm water, and then the plants are cut into divisions with 1-2 growth points with a knife. Slices are processed charcoal and immediately plant flowers in a new place.

For cuttings, a leaf with a petiole and a bud at the base is used. It is rooted in a sandy-peat substrate. In this case, half of the sheet plate is immediately removed. It is necessary to keep the stalk in a warm (+16 ... + 18 ° C) room with bright but diffused light. The appearance of new buds indicates successful rooting. After that, the cuttings are transplanted into separate pots with soil for adult plants. In the spring they can be sent to the garden.

Landing Rules

Primrose is planted in open ground in spring or early autumn. Most plants have good frost resistance. In temperate climates and more southern regions they overwinter normally under cover of leaves. The landing site should be sheltered from the wind and slightly shaded. Plants are placed near shrubs or under the light crown of garden trees.

The soil should be loose and nutritious, without stagnant water. Primrose develops best on loam. Before planting, the site is dug up and, if necessary, sand, manure, and crushed sphagnum moss are added. Depending on the height of a particular variety, the distance between plants is 10-30 cm.

Homemade primrose should be repotted annually after flowering. Overgrown bushes are divided into parts. As a result, the leaves will be brighter, and flowering more abundant. The soil for indoor primroses is made up of peat, leaf and sod soil with the addition river sand. Be sure to lay out at the bottom of the pot thick layer drainage material.

Primrose care

At right choice places care for primrose will not cause much trouble.

Lighting. Direct sunlight is contraindicated for the plant, burns quickly appear on it. It is better to keep it in shady places where the sun hits only in the early morning or at sunset.

Temperature. The optimum air temperature for primrose is + 16 ... + 22 ° C. Most of the time, flowers are kept outside or regularly ventilate the room. To bloom longer, you need to place the plants where the temperature is maintained + 12 ... + 15 ° C.

Humidity. Usually all types of primrose adapt well to natural humidity. However, they gratefully respond to periodic spraying. In too dry air, the edges of the leaves curl up and dry out.

Watering. The soil at the roots of primrose should always be slightly moist, but not waterlogged. It is better to water it often, but little by little. Water should be soft, well purified. At the end of flowering, irrigation is reduced.

Fertilizer. Several times a season, plants are fed with a mineral complex with a low nitrogen content. Begin to fertilize in early spring. During the period of budding and flowering, top dressing is stopped and resumed only at the end of summer.

In landscape design

Thanks to the wide variety of colors, garden primrose allows you to create an amazing ornament on the site. Since flowering varies greatly in terms, you can pick up varieties that, replacing each other, will delight from April to August. Flowers are used to decorate a rabatka, an alpine hill, flower beds in the shade of trees, edging a border, shrubs, and a high bank of a reservoir. They look good in the neighborhood of muscari, tulips, daffodils, irises, phlox, soapwort. Some species with inflorescences on long stems are cut to make bouquets.

For true lovers indoor plants primrose rightfully occupies the first lines, therefore today we break down the topic - room primrose, home care, we attach a photo.
This beauty lives on the windowsill without any problems, and pleases others abundant flowering several times a year: in winter and spring time. Primrose flowers are various colors- from light beige to purple.

What does it look like

The primrose will never grow to a huge size, extremely rarely its height exceeds the mark of twenty-five centimeters. Primrose leaves are shaped like a small egg and have a wrinkled appearance. There are several types of primroses that flower growers usually grow at home:

Obkonika. Its main advantage is big sizes flowers, as well as a long flowering period;
Chinese. main feature- transplantation can be carried out more than once. The plant transplants without problems, and the seedlings grow quite well.

Primula - propagate and grow

Do not forget that this plant loves the shade. If you dream that the primrose will bloom profusely, it should be well lit, and at the same time be in a cool place (keep in mind that the light should be diffused, direct ultraviolet rays should not be allowed to fall on the flower). Not superfluous will be the access of oxygen.

This kind of primrose is necessary without fanaticism, but constantly watered, since the earth should always be a little wet. Expanded clay moistened with water should always be in the pot. Experts do not advise spraying the plant. Usually a primrose growing in a house is annual plant, therefore, as soon as flowering ends, they get rid of it. But there are also varieties that, after a dormant time, begin to grow again and bloom again.

Transfer

These plants need to be transplanted every year, in the period September-October. Before this procedure, it is necessary to prepare the soil in advance: mix sand, peat, and turf in equal proportions.

In specialized stores, you can buy additives for geranium and mix it with twenty percent sandstone. The pot in which the plant will be transplanted should be wide enough, but not deep. A prerequisite is a drainage layer.

reproduction

Reproduction of primrose is carried out by seeds, as well as by dividing the bush. Most suitable
the period for sowing seeds is November-December, but, based on the fact that this plant will be grown in room conditions, you can sow all year round. In order not to wait too long for the seeds to sprout, it is extremely important to keep them at a temperature of seventeen to twenty-two degrees, while carefully controlling the soil moisture.

After ten to twelve days, you can see the first shoots. In March-April, the picking of seedlings and their transplanted into big pot. After transplantation, it will take about six months before flowering. Plants with an underdeveloped root system and a difficult-to-separate bush reproduce quite well by rooting axillary shoots. For this action, a part of the shoot and the petiole of the leaf are removed from the neck, while the plates are shortened by 50%. The mixture in which the indoor primrose will be planted should contain sand from the river and deciduous soil. Dip the cuttings into the soil by 1 cm.

To make the growth process go faster, you need to place the plant in a place that is well lit (do not forget that the primrose does not like direct sunlight). Maintain a constant temperature of at least fifteen degrees and moisten the soil.

After a short period of time, shoots with young leaves will appear, which are important to transplant into a small pot. To cultivate the plant with layering, the base of the stem is covered with moss. Once the roots are formed, the stems can be cut and planted as a single plant. For people who do not have enough experience in cultivation, this breeding method is more preferable.

How to care for a plant

All types sucking insects love soft leaves room primrose. The plant can be damaged by aphids, spider mite who feel great high temperature and humidity. To control pests, special preparations are used (for example, decis). If the treatment is not started on time, then the leaves and flowers will undergo deformation, and eventually fall off completely.

Difficulties you may encounter

The plant can be affected by gray rot - such a disease has fungal origin. It leads to the formation of grayish spots on the surface of the leaves. To get rid of rot, diseased leaves are cut off, and the plant itself is sprayed with a fungicide;
On the edges of the leaves may appear yellow spots. It says that you are adding a large number of top dressing.

The healing properties of primrose

Used as a raw material for the manufacture of medicines, leaves and rhizomes of primroses. They include:

Vitamin C;
Saponin;

Often used in traditional medicine instead of expectorants. In Rus', for example, a decoction prepared from dried leaves was used for scurvy.

The meadow was washed with dew, like rain,

Daisies whispered with grass,

The primrose proudly threw up its petals,

Pale yellow meadow flower.

Golden gentle rays

They tremble a little in the cool of the dawn.

Soon the rays arched into the keys,

What can keys open?

Warm wind plays with flowers

On fragrant forest lawns.

The wind knows - the keys open

Hardened doors of spring.

Primroses, or primroses (from the Latin "primus" - "first"), have long been known to people, as evidenced by numerous legends and traditions. So, in some places in Germany there was a belief that the girl who first found a primrose would certainly get married this year.

A Danish legend tells of the heavenly princess Elf, who descended to earth, where she fell in love with a handsome young man and did not return to heaven. As punishment, the gods turned the recalcitrant princess into a primrose, and the young man into a spring anemone. The ancient Scandinavians considered primroses the keys of Freya's spring. The legend tells that a rainbow served as Freya's necklace, and where this necklace touched the ground, golden keys fell out of it, turning into primroses. They also call the primrose dodecatheon, that is, a flower against all diseases. And in Switzerland, it is considered a talisman of happiness and an emblem of love for the motherland.

In Slavic antiquity, primroses were called gap-grass because it supposedly helped to find and tear underground treasures. Another name for the flower is spring primrose. It is also popularly called the flower-key for the fact that it probably unlocks the doors to warm weather, to a warm summer.

According to one of the ancient Greek legends, the primrose came to earth as follows: one inquisitive young man studied all earthly sciences and decided to know heaven. But for this, he needed to forge golden keys, go along the silver-star path to the center of the Galaxy and open its gates with golden keys. It is not at all easy to do this, because the path to the gates of the Galaxy was guarded by numerous stars. But the young man was persistent. He forged golden keys and went to Milky Way. There was silence, only numerous stars slightly rustled their silvery wings, flying from place to place.

And suddenly in this silence voices began to be heard:

Don't tremble! - said the star on the right.

Forget everything! - added the star, shining in front of the young man, and looked at him with deep sadness and sadness.

However, the young man did not flinch and continued to walk forward.

Forget everything! - repeated the burning star ahead. - Forget everything! Forget the verdant earth, and your youth, and childhood. To forget, to forget forever the homeland, brothers and sisters, to forget the father and mother, who pull their hands after them and look sadly at their son disappearing into the starry nebula with tearful eyes ...

And then the young man could not stand it. His arms and legs trembled, spinning, the stars rang in his eyes and ears, and when he woke up, it turned out that he was lying on the ground ... And the golden key, which he held in his hands, took root in the ground and turned into a primrose flower.

According to another legend, the ancient Greeks called the primrose the flower of the twelve gods. According to legend, the gods once gathered on Olympus in such numbers to decide the fate of the young man Paralysos, who was stricken with paralysis. It was decided to turn it into a flower, which began to be considered a remedy for all sorts of diseases, including paralysis. This is evidenced by one of our popular names for primrose - "paralytic grass".

Druid priests brewed a love drink from it, which was in circulation in many countries. Gathering flowers for medicinal and magical purposes according to a special ritual, they went to the collection barefoot and on an empty stomach; the flower was plucked, putting a hand under the left hollow clothes, and, without looking at it, wrapped it in a clean rag.

According to medieval legend, primroses are nothing but the keys to the gates of paradise, which accidentally fell out of the hands of the watchman dozing in heaven - the Apostle Peter. Peter rushed to catch them, but it was too late: the keys fell to the ground, and primroses grew from them.

There is an English legend according to which little fairies and tiny fairy old gnomes take refuge in the primrose. They sing praises to the flowers that shelter them, rejoicing that they can find shelter in golden corollas in heavy rain, when the bright rays of the month are covered with clouds. If the rain catches the dwarfs on the way, they quickly look for primroses, climb the stalks into the flowers and sing a song. Listen, and you will hear it if you stand nearby, and if you hear it, you will live in joy and prosperity. On a moonlit night, fairies are hung from dewdrops to primroses, and they shine on them like small chandeliers.

And here is what an ancient Russian legend tells about these flowers ... All long winter heavenly Lada languishes in captivity of thick clouds and fogs. But in the spring, when the fiery flower of Perun - lightning - breaks the walls of the dungeon, the goddess of love, sun and harmony, washed with spring waters, appears in the world with generous gifts - rains and warm weather. In the same place where the first lightning fell, primroses grow in order to unlock the bowels of the earth with their keys-flowers for the violent growth of grasses, bushes and trees.

Volcanologists claim that primroses predict a volcanic eruption. So, the royal primrose on the island of Java in the mountains of Pangrango blooms only on the eve of a volcanic eruption, and people, seeing the blooming royal primrose, gasp not with joy, but with horror.

According to biologists, the miraculous prophetic ability of a flower is explained by the effect of ultrasound on its capillaries, in which ultrasonic vibrations sharply accelerate the movement of fluids. It is quite probable that the vibrations of the perturbed bowels of the earth so speed up the processes of metabolism in the tissues of the plant.

And the Caucasian highlanders claim that the magical purisula - the royal primrose - grows high in the mountains of the Caucasus. One day, a whole tribe, seeing a blooming purisula, hastily left their native lands, in which a catastrophe soon broke out. The tribe went further and further west until they came to a country very similar to their homeland. Having settled here, the Caucasian Iberians gradually turned into the Pyrenean Iberians - the ancestors of modern Basques, which is why Georgian-Basque ties can be traced in the language and in some elements of culture. It is difficult to say whether this is so, but these connections are indeed found.

Primrose has been known to us for a long time. Back in the 18th century, under Catherine II, it was bred in greenhouses, and in the Winter Palace there was a room entirely lined with porcelain depicting primroses.

AT early XIX centuries primrose avrikula competed in Europe with cloves. She was bred under glass, and the Dutch velvety and English mealy avrikula were especially famous. For a thick powdery coating, crumbling even at the slightest touch, the flowers were jokingly called "the courtiers of Louis XIV." Few owned them. The richest collection of such primroses with flowers from white to blue had the famous German gardener Bush.

Fabulous money was paid for these flowers.

In Italy, avricula was called the flower of passions, because fortunes were made on the trade in primroses.

But the primrose has not only a decorative value. In Germany, the dried flowers of the plant are used to make tea, which supposedly strengthens the nerves. The English eat the young leaves of primroses as a salad: the roots, smelling of anise, are used as a spice. In Switzerland, Poland, France, Sweden and Belgium, an effervescent drink is prepared from the infusion of fresh flowers and honey, which is used as a refreshing drink in summer.

In the spring, when a person is in dire need of vitamins, primrose comes to the rescue of people, the leaves of which contain not only a large amount of vitamin C, but also carotene.

primroses various kinds grow in the Swiss Alps, and on top of the Himalayas, and in China, and in Japan, and even on the harsh islands of the Strait of Magellan.

But the most pleasant thing is that the wild medicinal primrose - golden rams - blooms in our meadows, forest edges, pleasing the eyes and giving people health.

Recently, gardeners have paid much attention to these plants. Two hundred names of primroses are known, with a variety of flowers: brown with golden edging, purple with a yellow eye, purple and blue.

Primroses have been bred with flowers measuring five and a half centimeters in diameter and having fifty flowers per pedicel. However, some types of primroses can cause allergies and even burn your hands.

Gardens have been known so far roses - rosaries, now they began to plant large collections of primroses. Such a primer is planted in the Main Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences in Moscow.