Depth of laying drainage systems. Laying a drainage pipe - how to do it yourself? Proper laying of drainage pipe with geotextile

In order to suburban area the drainage system worked effectively, it is necessary to correctly calculate the drainage. Only under this condition can you protect your home from flooding both in the spring, when the snow begins to melt, and in the summer, during a downpour.

The main thing is the scheme

Even after using up a lot of pipes and digging great amount cubic meters of soil, the desired result may not be achieved if the principle of the correct slope of the drainage system is not observed. ok if there is topographic map site, provided with elevation marks, but in the absence of it, the direction of the flowing rainwater will indicate where the wastewater should be directed. In any case, before picking up a shovel, you need a diagram of the drainage system, which you can draw yourself.

Drainage pipes should be located around the perimeter of the entire site. We have to solve two main problems:

1. calculate the depth of their occurrence;
2. put on the site plan, and then on its very territory, pipe passage lines (routes).

Calculation of the depth of the pipes

The calculation of the drainage system and the depth of the pipes is based on two main parameters:

• freezing depth in winter;
• depth of the foundation of the protected structure.

Calculation by freezing depth

Compliance with the freezing calculation is very important: the pipes must be located below the freezing level of the soil. If in the spring, during a flood, the drainage system cannot remove melt water due to the fact that it will be filled with ice, then all the efforts and funds spent on its construction will be completely in vain. This moment of the year is the most important, it is for him that the drainage system is mainly made.

Melting ice in pipes located in frozen ground will be slow, during which time the flood will flood both the basement and the floors, and will produce destructive effects on the plot.

Pro tip:

The depth of freezing varies in different areas and climatic zones. It also depends on the type of soil, the more porous it is, the smaller the layer will freeze at the same temperature.

There is also a dependence of the depth of freezing on the average height of the snow cover. Snow is a good thermal insulator. Under it, the ground freezes to a shallower depth.

At the same time, in order to obtain from the freezing depth of the soil of a particular region, it is necessary to subtract:

• 300 mm - for pipes with a diameter of up to 500 mm;
• 500 mm - for pipes of larger diameter.

The resulting value is the minimum, that is, we calculate the minimum distance of pipes to the surface.

Calculation example:

1. The depth of soil freezing for Moscow is 1400 mm.
2. Then from this value when placing drainage pipe with a diameter of 200 mm, 300 mm must be subtracted.
3. Simple calculations give us minimum depth laying - 1100 mm.

A more illustrative example is shown in the figure below.

Foundation depth calculation

Everything is very simple here. Another half meter is added to the depth of the foundation, and the depth of the drainage is obtained. In this case, the groundwater that has risen during the flood will be “intercepted” by the drainage system and will not reach the foundation.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that at the time when construction works, spring, summer and early autumn, the soil water level is much lower than in spring, so the dryness of the soil should not mislead those who decide what depth of drainage will be sufficient.

On average, in Central Russia, the depth of soil freezing is up to one and a half meters. Taking into account the snow cover characteristic of this area, it decreases to 115 cm. Heat emissions from the building can be ignored if the drainage depth of the summer cottage is calculated, the house is not heated in winter and people do not live in it.

Pro tip:

Thus, the calculation for the depth of the foundation is carried out as follows: if the foundation has a meter depth, then the depth of the trench will be one and a half meters.

Now the largest of the two calculated values ​​is selected.

Protecting your home from flooding

The main object that should be protected from flooding in a summer cottage is a house. In order to prevent water from entering it, it is necessary to sequentially perform several types of work:

1. Dig a trench half a meter wide and the estimated depth around the entire perimeter of the house. At the same time, it should have a slope of 2 centimeters for each meter of length. The lowest part of the trench should rest against reinforced concrete well. The distance of the ditches to the walls is from three to five meters.
2. Pour rubble into the bottom of the trench with a layer of half a meter. When harvesting it, you should not buy an excessive amount; therefore, the cubic capacity must first be calculated using a simple formula:

V=LxHxW , where:

• V - the required volume of crushed stone, cu. m;
• L - Length of trenches, m;
• H - Layer height, usually equal to 0.5m;
• W - Trench width, usually also 0.5m.

1. Lay pipes.
2. In the place where the pipe rests against the concrete ring, a hole should be made with a perforator slightly larger than its diameter.

The drainage system of the site is almost ready, it remains to be finally “assembled”, spilled for testing and can be buried.

Site drainage is a large set of measures aimed at removing excess water. The system is a complex of pipes (drains) laid in the ground. With their help, the withdrawal is made excess moisture from the site. But for drainage to work effectively, it is necessary to choose and lay drains correctly. This will be discussed in the article. Here we will talk about the main types of drains used and how to lay drainage pipes with your own hands.

Which pipes are best used for drainage

For drainage systems, special pipes with many holes are used. Through these holes, water from the soil enters the drains and then is discharged outside the site. Various materials can be used as material for pipes:

• asbestos cement;
• ceramics;
• polymer materials.

Asbestos-cement and ceramic pipes are practically not used today. Such products are quite heavy and difficult to install, and the use metal pipes in the drainage system is impractical. The metal is susceptible to corrosion, so pipes lying in the ground can fail in a year.

The most common are the last materials from the list - polymeric. And there are many reasons for this. Firstly, plastic is much lighter than asbestos cement and ceramics. This factor facilitates pipe laying. At the same time, the strength of modern polymer materials often not inferior even to metal. Secondly, such products are cheaper.

In addition, plastic drainage pipes have other positive characteristics:

• have a long service life;
• easily tolerate the impact of aggressive environments and are not subject to corrosion;
• The inner surface of plastic pipes is absolutely smooth. This feature prevents the formation of blockages;
• resistant to silting. If the drains are laid with geotextiles, then small particles do not clog the holes. And this means that water from the soil freely enters the drainage system;
• a wide range of sizes. plastic pipes can be easily matched to the drainage system of any capacity.

In addition, plastic products do not require special care. During operation, it is only necessary to periodically carry out visual inspection and a maximum of once a year to clean the system by any of the available methods.

Now let's figure out how to lay the drainage pipes yourself. The laying technology is quite simple, and anyone can handle it, even without special skills.

The first step is to design the system. It should take into account the following factors:

• terrain (presence of natural slopes and mounds);
• the location of the site (in a lowland or on a hill);
• soil characteristics (its ability to pass water);
• proximity to groundwater;
• precipitation level.

Calculations are made of the depth of laying pipes and their location. After that, we transfer the markup to the terrain. Now you can start earthworks. Trenches are dug along the marked lines. Their depth must correspond to the calculations, and the width must be 40 cm larger than the outer diameter of the drainage pipes used. This additional space is necessary for arranging the filter in the form of a layer of crushed stone of small and medium fractions.

The next step is to prepare the pillow. Sand 20 cm thick is poured at the bottom of the trench and carefully rammed. After that, we fall asleep a layer of rubble of the same thickness.

It is necessary to observe the slope of the excavated trench towards the drainage well or the place where water is discharged from the site. The slope must be at least 3 cm per meter of pipe.

Now you can lay the drains. In this case, it is necessary to monitor the location of the holes. If the perforation is made on only one side, then the pipe is placed with the holes down. After laying the pipes, we connect them into one system. To do this, you can use plastic fittings used when laying an external sewage system.

At each turn of the system or at the junction of several pipelines, a manhole is installed. It can be purchased at ready-made(as a rule, they are also made of polymer materials) or build it yourself (from concrete rings, brick or other improvised material).

Then a layer of crushed stone, 20 cm thick, is poured over the pipes, then sand (with the same layer). After that, you can backfill with previously excavated soil. Sod is laid on top, which should be cut before digging trenches.

To prevent the drainage system from silting up, it is advisable to use geotextiles. In this case, before laying the first layer of crushed stone, a geofabric is spread. Then crushed stone is poured, a pipe is laid, another layer of crushed stone, and this whole “pie” is covered with the edges of the geotextile. As a result, the entire filter system must be placed in a "wrap" of geotextile.

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The drainage pipe is the main component of the drainage system, which in turn is a structure designed to collect and drain filtered rain, melt and groundwater. Rain and melt water causes unwanted groundwater rise, increasing the destructive impact on building foundations and landscape design elements.

The use of drainage pipes effectively protects the house from damage associated

with high humidity, mold formation and permafrost, prevents flooding

cellars, the formation of puddles and spring ice on footpaths, prevents decay garden plants due to excess moisture in summer cottages and garden plots.

Drainage pipes are corrugated perforated pipes with stiffeners and large quantity rational small holes located in the cavity of the wave (corrugations). The stiffening ribs make it possible to evenly distribute the soil pressure along the entire length of the pipe and perceive additional loads that arise. These pipes are designed for laying to a depth of 0.7 to 6 meters. The stiffening ribs make it possible to evenly distribute pressure throughout the pipe and absorb additional loads that arise. Drainage pipes are designed for laying to a depth of 6 meters. The presence of a large number of small holes of a special profile per linear meter of the product contributes to faster collection, passage and removal from excess water from the dry area.

The presence of a large number of optimally located small holes of a special profile along the entire length of the pipe contributes to a faster collection, passage and removal of excess water from the site. Due to its low weight - (a coil 50 meters long and with an optimal diameter of 110 mm weighs only 25 kg.) - installation and transportation are carried out without special

Also, one of the advantages of these pipes is their high corrosion resistance in aggressive groundwater. The service life of a drainage system made of polymers at correct operation is 50 years or more.

Efficient drainage prevents groundwater from rising too high at the base of the house, protecting the building from damage caused by moisture, mold and frost. If it is required that the drainage work in the cold season, it should be laid at a depth exceeding the freezing depth of the soil. Specialists

think that for middle lane Russia almost always needs drainage.

Drainage flexible corrugated pipes made of polyethylene with a filter are used for

the creation of melioration systems (drainage), to protect buildings or sites from excessive

moisture, seasonal rise of groundwater. Drainage is an extensive system

of interconnected pipes located around or into the system, water flowing down the ground enters.

Each pipe (specialists call it a drain) has a network of holes (perforation) on its walls. They are at the same distance from each other. Drainage can be laid both before and after waterproofing the foundation and basement, but strictly before the general backfilling of the outer side

foundation. The water collected through pipes enters the collector (transport network), and then into the water intake well or into the water intake (river, stream, ravine). Sometimes water from a water intake well is pumped out by a pump into the nearest ditch, ditch or sewer well. As a result of well-executed drainage, the level of groundwater decreases, fertility improves, drained soil is easier to prepare for sowing, and such land also accepts fertilizers better.

DRAINAGE- this is a system of underground channels, called drains, through which drainage is carried out from building structures groundwater and lowering its level, as well as draining land for growing agricultural products. Water from the drainage network is discharged outside the drained area into the water intake. Thus, a drain is an artificial watercourse in the soil for collecting and draining groundwater (usually underground). Drainage systems are used in agriculture, forestry, landscaping and construction projects.

Where are RUVINIL drainage systems used? ?

Construction

The foundation of any building structures, even at a shallow depth of 1.5-2 m, is exposed to groundwater. The composition of groundwater includes components that have destructive properties. Even waterproofing does not protect in this situation. A high level of groundwater leads to the destruction of the foundations of buildings, flooding basements, the occurrence of fungal formations, etc. When building roads, sidewalks and open flat areas, it is also necessary to take into account the characteristics and degree of soil moisture.

Land reclamation and agriculture

High groundwater levels lead to rotting and freezing fruit trees, the occurrence of fungal diseases of plants and waterlogging of the area. If it is necessary to drain swamps and waterlogged areas, it is effective to use polyethylene corrugated pipes, which provide a quick and cheap laying of the drainage system. The drainage system, mounted even on flat areas with the help of a drainage pipe, removes the backwater of groundwater and significantly reduces their level.

Classification of soil types

Can the owner of the site lay the drainage system himself?

Laying drainage is not difficult if you have auxiliary tools (shovel, water level and rope). The pipes are very light - so a coil 50 meters long with a diameter of 110 mm weighs only about 25 kg. Drainage work on the site is usually carried out in conjunction with activities for its development. To remove excess moisture from the soil, it is necessary to ensure the maximum flow of water to the drainage pipeline. The factor that determines the access of water to pipes is the permeability of the soil. Increasing water permeability is achieved by backfilling drainage pipelines with filtration materials such as crushed stone, pebbles, gravel, etc. The presence of a filter also helps to increase the volume of water collected by the system. To prevent the network from silting up, the speed of water flow in the pipe must be at least 0.2 meters per second. This speed is ensured by the corresponding minimum pipe laying slope - 1 centimeter per 2 meters of pipeline length. The main condition for effective drainage of the site is the creation of a guaranteed possibility of draining water by gravity into a street ditch, ravine, decorative or natural reservoir or well (tank), storm sewer, etc. On device drainage systems wells are used both from reinforced concrete and from polymeric materials, specially designed for these purposes, which can significantly reduce the volume earthworks and save significant money.

Methods for laying drainage systems

There are two main approaches to the construction of drainage systems:

1. Surface method - it is based on the planning of the territory, including work on creating slopes from buildings, installing a drainage network with upland ditches to intercept water, pits and trenches;
2. Deep method - the removal of groundwater directly from the area of ​​\u200b\u200blocation of structures using pipes for drainage and wells. In modern dacha and cottage plots, as a rule, a combined drainage method is practiced, which does not disturb the appearance of the territory and allows the use of soil over drainage systems for planting plants or arranging lawns.

Typical mistakes when laying drainage pipes

The most typical errors in the construction of the drainage system are:

The use of pipes that are not intended for laying in a certain type of soil (for example: a pipe without a filter was laid in loamy soils),

Drainage water supply is laid without filter coating;

The minimum slopes for the drainage device are not observed;

The trenches are not covered with filter soil;

By various reasons excess water is not drained from the collection well in a timely manner.

To ensure the effective operation of the drainage system, the choice should be carefully made:

Pipe diameter. The choice of the internal diameter of the drainage pipes depends on the area to be drained. The larger the internal diameter of the pipe, the higher its throughput. Drainage with geotextile is usually used in sandy and mixed soils, and in coarse soils, a pipe without geotextile can be used.

Type of pipes (with geotextile, without geotextile). Drainage with geotextile is usually used in sandy and mixed soils, and in coarse soils, a pipe without geotextile can be used.

Depth of laying pipes;

Pipe angle.

For this you need:

Know the vertical layout of the site;

Determine the level of groundwater (this requires hydrogeological surveys to a depth of 3-4 meters);

Set the type of soil (see the table “Classification of soil types”).

Such A complex approach to solve the drainage problem positive result in determining measures to protect the fertile soil layer and structures.

A layer of sand is poured into specially dug trenches, then a layer of rubble (at least 20 cm high). The width of the trench along the bottom is equal to the outer diameter of the pipeline plus 40 cm. In cross section, the trench can have a rectangular or trapezoidal outline. The bottom of the trench must be free of hard lumps, bricks, stones, etc. (which can push through the bottom wall of the pipe laid on top of them).

A drainage pipe is laid on top of the rubble layer. Top part covered with backfill - a layer of crushed stone (at least 20 cm), and then again with a layer of sand. The outer part of the soil is covered with turf. Layer Sequence
is significant because not crushed stone, but sand should be turned to water. A cushion of sand and gravel at the bottom of the trench acts as a filter-shock absorber and allows you to maintain a slope for gravity water flow. Backfilling with crushed stone and sand (blanket) is a filtering layer and protection of the drainage pipe from mechanical damage. The purpose of the filter is to pass water and prevent it from entering the drain pipe. small particles soil. Otherwise, the drainage holes will quickly become clogged and the system will have to be cleaned.

In order to ensure normal operation, drainage pipes are laid to a frost-free depth (at least 80 cm).

The minimum slope of the drainage pipe towards the drainage well or natural watercourse according to building codes is:

3 mm per 1 linear meter in clay and loamy soils; (slope not less than 3 degrees)

5 mm per 1 linear meter - in sand.

Often in practice for good flow waters make a slope of 10 mm per 1 lin. m. At the same time, the water flow rate should not be high (no more than 1 meter per second).

For maintenance of drainage systems, it is necessary to install manholes in straight sections at least every 50 meters, as well as in places of turns, intersections and changes in the angles of inclination of drainage pipes.

The drainage network is discharged into an open reservoir through an outlet pipe with a grate valve, or into a storm sewer through an outlet pipe with a check valve.

In garden and summer cottages it is advisable to lay drainage around the house (at a distance of 0.5-1 m) and divert water into the nearest ditch, any natural reservoir or well. Depending on the dimensions of the site and the level of groundwater, it is possible to make additional drainage (for example, along the perimeter of the site).

In cross section, the trench may have a rectangular or trapezoidal shape. The bottom of the trench should not contain solid lumps, brick, stone, construction waste, which can push through the bottom wall of the pipe laid on them.

For building and joining drainage pipes are used couplings and triplets.

The most common drainage system is laid in the form of a "herringbone", i.e., a network of the same drainage pipes-collectors is fed into a large drainage pipe-collector from both sides. Through the drainage pipe-collector, groundwater flows by gravity into storm sewer or roadside ditch. In the case when the places of water discharge are above the level of the site, it is necessary drainage well from which water is removed by means of a pump.

Pipeline installation is carried out at a temperature environment down to minus 10 degrees.

Together with drainage work, it is advisable to carry out installation engineering networks, starting from the equipment of septic tanks (for household sewerage) and wells (wells) and ending with tracing electrical cables to the points of connection of street lamps. As cable routes, you can use a double-walled corrugated pipe.

Maintenance and repair of drainage systems

Maintenance and timely repair of drainage pipelines in high degree contribute to their effective work for the entire estimated service life.

The operation of drainages is carried out by control and supervision services, whose task is to:

Periodic inspection of drainage devices;

Troubleshooting;

Systematic monitoring of the position of the groundwater level in the drained area in order to establish the effectiveness of the drainage;

Drainage water quality control;

Carrying out preventive and current repairs, elimination of accidents.

Clogged filter holes.

All products of CJSC "RUVINIL" are certified

Building a house is not only costly, but also very responsible. Any owner of his home wants the building to last as long as possible. To do this, the foundation must be protected from the destructive effects of groundwater by equipping a drainage system. These works should be taken seriously, having determined the type of soil on the ground and deciding what diameter the pipe to be laid should have. It may have pre-drilled holes for water.

To many, this work may seem optional. But in fact, protection from groundwater is extremely important. If the drainage is built correctly, then this will avoid dampness in the basement and eliminate the destruction of materials at the base of the foundation. Among other things, drainage is often necessary in a country house or a personal plot, where groundwater is located high, interfering with the growth of shrubs and trees.

Where to start

Before starting laying, it is necessary to find out how deep the groundwater is. This can be done by studying the water level in nearby wells. A well dug to a depth of 5 to 15 m is filled to the groundwater level. Among other things, from the marks on the walls of the well, you can determine how high the water rises during the flood period.

An ideal solution that will help determine how deep the soil water is poured is to conduct a geodetic examination. However, this approach will not decorate the site, so the owners quite often choose more laborious process construction.

Choosing a place for installing a drainage system

Before starting work, it is necessary to determine in which place of the site you will install the drainage system. There are two options for this:

• wall drainage;
• drainage around the site.

The first type of drainage runs only near the foundation of the building and prevents water from entering inside. As for the drainage system along the perimeter of the site, it is necessary to protect the basement of buildings and other outbuildings, as well as plantings on the territory.

Material selection

The laying of the drainage pipe is accompanied by the use of some other materials. About three decades ago, there was no choice of pipes, so ceramic or asbestos-cement products had to be used, many holes were made in them before laying in the ground, where water penetrated. Today there are more accessible and comfortable materials- corrugated polymer pipes, which have a ready-made perforation.

Before laying the drainage pipe, you can purchase special products with geotextile or coconut fiber. These materials guarantee filtration and prevent clogging of the system. The process of arranging the latter requires labor and material preparation. Before starting work, prepare:

• sand;
• crushed stone;
• geotextile;
• fitting.

To create a drainage system, you will need river sand. With its help, a pillow is arranged at the bottom of the ditch. This will prevent damage to the structure due to soil movements. To carry out the manipulations for laying the drainage pipe, two should be prepared. One of them should have an average, while the other should have a large fraction. The main purpose of crushed stone is to create a filter layer. In addition, it helps prevent debris contained in the water from getting inside.

Crushed stone excludes damage to drainage pipes during soil movements. Geotextiles are made from synthetic fibers. They wrap around a drainage layer of rubble. This material provides protection of pipes from silting. But to connect the latter, fittings are needed. Couplings will help ensure that the system can be rotated.

Why choose plastic pipes

Plastic pipes should be chosen for the arrangement for the reason that they differ high strength. They can be laid to an impressive depth - up to 10 m. Polymer products are ready to serve for a long time - up to 50 years or more. Their connection can be made quite simply using special couplings. Pipes do not have to be mounted using special equipment because they weigh a little. Yes, and transportation, as well as unloading are simplified.

Before laying drainage pipes with your own hands, you do not have to purchase additional tool to cut products, because this can be done with improvised devices. In order to prevent clogging of pipes with soil particles, it is imperative to use filters without neglecting this step.

For the described systems, pipes will be needed different diameters, but 150 mm and 300 mm products are most commonly used. The first ones are for diverting a small amount of water, but the second ones are for systems that are operated under increased load. For installation, you can use pipes of a larger cross section, they form the basis of the trunk line. A smaller section is used for branches.

Pipe laying features: planning

If you decide to independently lay the drainage pipe, the technology must be studied. At the first stage, it provides for planning - drawing up a laying scheme. Geodetic expertise will help in this work, as a result of which it will be possible to find out what type of soil is in the territory, as well as how deep the groundwater is. The data obtained will allow you to understand what diameter of pipes to choose, as well as to what depth to lay them.

Carrying out installation work

Before laying the pipe, a ditch should be prepared for it. To do this, a trench is dug, on the bottom of which a 15-cm layer of sand is poured. The surface is covered with geotextile so that the edges of the canvas cover the sides of the ditch. Next comes a layer of fine gravel. On top is laid which should be turned down.

During installation, it is necessary to withstand the slope, which will be directed towards the collection well. The slope settings are 3° or more. Laying drainage pipes with geotextiles provides for manholes that are needed to flush the system. These nodes will also be needed to control the operation of the drainage. Between wells must be provided minimum distance at 50 m. Wells should be located in those places where there will be pipeline turns or a change in the angle of inclination.

Depending on the type of soil, a filter is selected. If you have to work on light sandy loams or loams, then pipes wrapped with geotextiles should be used. If there are heavy soils on the territory, it is better to prefer pipes previously wrapped in coconut fiber cloth.

Crushed stone is poured over the pipes, the thickness of the top layer of the backfill is usually 40 cm. The crushed stone layer is covered with geotextile, which was fixed on the sides of the trench at the previous stage. From above, the system should be covered with soil and closed with previously cut turf.

How to avoid mistakes

Before laying a drainage pipe in a ditch, you should familiarize yourself with the rules that will help eliminate errors. For example, in loamy soils, pipes without a filter cannot be used. It is important to ensure their bias. If the place for installing the collection well is chosen incorrectly, then this can be considered a mistake, as well as the untimely removal of water from it.

How deep to lay drains

Before starting work, it is important to determine the depth of laying drainage pipes. It will depend on several factors. One of the important conditions for determining the installation depth is the soil freezing line. This condition must be met so that the pipe does not freeze and is in working order during the flood. The depth of freezing depends on the type of soil, as well as climatic conditions. For example, they freeze slightly less sandy, because they have greater porosity.

As for climatic conditions, the average annual temperature determines the depth of freezing: the lower it is, the greater the depth. Thus, laying in Arkhangelsk must be carried out taking into account the standard freezing depth of 160 cm for loamy and clay soils. As for sandy loam and sand, in such soils the standard freezing depth is 176 cm. In Kazan, the first value is 160 cm, while the second is 176 cm, respectively. For Orenburg, the depth of soil freezing with the soils mentioned above is 160 cm and 176 cm, respectively. In St. Petersburg, clay freezes by 120 cm, while sand and sandy loam - by 132 cm.

Conclusion

The rules for laying a drainage pipe state: the depth of soil freezing in fact differs from the normative one. After all, the norms are given for the coldest case. Thus, the data mentioned above is the maximum depth of soil freezing. Usually in winter, ice and snow lie on the soil, which act as good heat insulators.

Another important condition is to comply with the recommendation: it is necessary to lay the pipes 50 cm deeper than the lower mark of the foundation of the building, near which the drainage will take place. This is necessary so that groundwater is intercepted by the drainage system before it reaches the level of the base of the building.

In the process of planning the construction of a residential building or country house, the owners of the land often face the question of the probable flooding of the territory ground water or a lot of rainfall.

In the spring, when the snow melts or in the fall, with constant rain, rather large puddles may appear in the country that will interfere with the process of movement, and can also harm the plants. Usually all this is repeated from year to year, which can automatically lead to the complete destruction of the foundation.

With constant long-term water stagnation, the soil gradually becomes waterlogged, and oxygen does not enter the soil at all. All this automatically leads to causing sufficient serious damage to all plantings.

Important! So that gradually the plot of the country allotment does not turn into a swamp in the process of precipitation, it is worthwhile to engage in high-quality drainage of the territory, that is, to carry out the arrangement of the drainage system.

A system of such a plan is a network of special pipes interacting with each other. Usually they are located around or along a section of it and provide effective water drainage strictly beyond its limits.

Drainage pipes are a system that is used to efficiently remove excess moisture from the territory, from the foundation of the house, from farms and from the garden. Such structures are laid strictly with a certain slope towards a special water receiver. It can be of several types:

• Ditch;
• Common drainage pipe;
• Drainage well.

Pipes intended for drainage differ from standard ones in their external characteristics. There are special holes on the top. Through them, the water that collects on the surface of the soil enters the inner part of the structure, and then is completely removed outside the entire suburban area.

Modern pipes that are used in the arrangement of drainage can be of two main types - standard, having perforated holes, and they can also be completely wrapped with special materials that act as filtration.

At the moment, in the implementation construction processes the following types of pipes are used:

• Perforated ceramic;
• Asbestos-cement;
• Made from high quality polymer.

The first two types are operated quite infrequently, as they are characterized by high weight and certain disadvantages. As for polymer structures, they are endowed with such positive qualities, as:

1. Relatively light weight, which greatly simplifies the installation processes and transportation of equipment.
2. Simplicity in the process of installing the entire drainage system. Working with pipes of such a plan does not require special skills, a minimum amount of time resources is spent. Thanks to this, drainage in the country can be done by hand.
3. There is a high-quality perforation that allows water to pass through, but not sand and small particles of soil, respectively, there will be no clogging of the drainage structure as a whole. In addition, pipes of this kind have the ability to self-clean. If a small litter penetrates, by means of an ideal smooth surface, it is completely removed from the system.
4. High performance and strength. Pipes have special stiffening ribs, which contributes to the most even distribution of the load.
5. General term application is 40-50 years.
6. The low cost of the entire system as a whole.
7. There is a relative resistance to destructive corrosion and resistance to aggressive environments.

Pouring process polymer pipes carried out very rarely. by the most the best option for such a system there will be a pipe wrapped in high-quality geotextiles. In this design, it acts as a special filter that does not allow soil particles to pass through. If there is none, you will have to purchase a special one. Then you can forever forget about the periodic flushing of the system.

Buyers are offered a wide variety of categories and standard sizes polymer pipes. This provides an opportunity to build such a drainage, which will be distinguished by high performance.

Modern pipes designed for arranging the drainage system are made from different materials. It can be ordinary PVC, polypropylene and polyethylene. Among them is PVC structures are in high demand, they can be:

• One- and two-layer, having certain classes of ring strength parameters;
• Flexible in structure, their length can reach 50 meters. They are produced in special reels. There are hard ones, the length of which is from 7 to 12 meters;
• Having a filter shell and naked. The material can be a special geofabric or high-quality coconut fiber.

Pipes made of polypropylene are not much inferior in quality to those made from quality PVC. They are also made in the same way in corrugated and smooth form, and the minimum diameter parameters are 50 mm.

Similar designs are produced in a wide range, and the basis is polyethylene, produced at a low or quite high pressure. Almost all types of pipes made of high-quality plastic are similar in many respects to each other.

Pipes that are used in the drainage system or those intended for sewerage and city water supply are very different from each other. Here are the main differences between such structures:

1. Purpose of pipes. Modern plumbing and sewer pipes direct drains, that is, sewage and water between certain elements of a particular engineering structure. As for modern drainage pipes, they effectively collect water accumulated in the ground.
2. Differences consist in the materials from which pipes of all categories are made. This is a large and diverse set in all respects - cast iron, polymers, steel and high-quality ceramics. Drainage pipes are manufactured by manufacturers only from polymer bases. Companies have almost completely abandoned other materials.

1. For sewers and water pipes important sealing, i.e. ideal moisture impermeability. Speaking of drainage structures, it can be noted that, on the contrary, their walls must be perforated in order to pass water very well.
2. Pipes designed for sewer system and for a standard water supply system they do not differ at all from each other, therefore they can quite successfully interchange. Drainage systems, on the other hand, have special additional structural elements that other structures do not have. Perforation is one of those elements.

The need for additional products also matters. For a drainage system, it is often necessary to purchase goods such as or plastic.

The main features of drainage structures include partial or complete perforation. It has a direct impact on a large number of general characteristics of drainage.

Full perforation is the manufacture of holes that are located at a certain distance, approximately 60 degrees around the total circumference. In other words, there are up to 6 holes in one section, and standard parameters diameters are 1.3 mm. If the pipe is partially perforated, this indicates that there are 3 holes in its upper part and that's it.

To protect all holes present from clogging fairly quickly, many manufacturers perforate between the corrugations, that is, between the stiffeners.

Important! It should be noted that such ribs help to distribute the level of load on the entire drainage structure as evenly as possible. This has a significant impact on its durability.

The main conditions for the use of a high-quality drainage design involve the use of different pipe models according to the characteristics, which are intended exclusively for drainage. Each of them most effectively solves a particular task.

It is for this reason that it is so important to determine exactly what all drainage works on the land plot, as well as what devices you need to take for this. For example, a two-layer pipe for draining water, which is characterized by perfect strength and rigidity, it is optimally suited for laying in the ground at a decent depth.

Devices that have a special filter layer were originally designed for use in places where there is a likelihood of a sufficiently severe clogging or flooding of water with small parts of sand and gravel into the drainage system. Pipes that have enough large diameter, are operated in areas where there is a need to divert a large amount of water.

Important! For drainage at a relatively shallow depth ideal option there will be special corrugated single-layer pipes with or without perforation, but with the presence of material for filtration. The level of rigidity may be slightly lower than usual.

Buyers from Russia are now provided with a fairly diverse selection of quality pipes that are used for drainage. Their cost can be different, from 70 to 300 rubles. The price category directly depends on such parameters as:

• Diameter;
• Type of pipes;
• Category of constructions;
• It matters where the product is purchased;
• The volume of purchased products matters.

The arrangement of a high-quality drainage system is required in without fail plan ahead. Need to rely on General characteristics soil and soil, maximum performance underground sources.

Material costs for such a design can be relatively small, if everything is thought out in advance. A particular advantage is that in the future such an installation will help to effectively avoid a different kind of problems.