Natural tile types. Natural ceramic tiles: types and properties. Famous manufacturers and reviews
Despite the fact that more and more modern roofing materials are appearing on the market, many developers and home owners still prefer natural materials.
The first reason is that natural tiles have passed a good test of time. It is well known what its properties are and what can be expected from it. All the advantages and disadvantages have long been described. New technologies improve the functional properties of natural tiles and their appearance- but the basics remain classic.
Two main types of tiles - and.
Ceramics is one of the most ancient inventions of mankind. It is invariably beautiful - whether it is unpainted terracotta (red fired clay) or porcelain covered with glaze and elegant patterns.
The most valuable property of ceramics is that it does not let water through at all and does not deteriorate from it. She is not afraid of any corrosion. It is not surprising that our distant ancestors began to use it for the manufacture of tiles. After all, the main task of any roofing is not to let moisture into the under-roofing space.
Ceramic tiles copes with this perfectly - such roofs of natural color (in red tones) look great both on small houses and on large buildings.
Ceramics are not easy to damage. Even if you specifically try, the maximum that can be achieved is to leave a few scratches.
The main disadvantage is fragility. However, one should not compare the thinnest vases with thick sheets of tiles. A good ceramic tile can withstand any hail, and rain and snow do no harm to it. Therefore, roofs made of it are very durable.
Ceramic tiles - pretty heavy material. One cannot but agree that this complicates the installation. However, with a strong wind (even a hurricane), it turns out to be more stable than a metal tile or a soft roof.
Innovative technologies have made modern ceramic tiles more durable, reliable and attractive from an aesthetic point of view. There was a choice between different color shades, including those not found naturally. Opportunities in the field of design of the roof and the entire building have become wider. This allows ceramic tiles to successfully compete with the materials of the 21st century, and in many ways even surpass them.
This is especially true of the impression that a roof covered with natural tiles makes on others. She looks chic, stylish and expensive.
The price of ceramic tiles may seem high. However, if we compare not with the average prices on the market, but with the best samples, brands and collections of other roofing materials, then the prices will be comparable.
Cement-sand tiles was developed as a cheap replacement for ceramic. But today on the market comes cement-sand tiles new generation. You can buy it at the Roofing-M company at the most affordable prices, but at your own performance characteristics and appearance, it is very different from the samples of past years. It is stronger, more durable and more reliable, and manufacturers offer everything more options colors so that you can choose a color that is in harmony with the facade cladding and other elements of architectural design.
At all times, ceramic tiles have been considered the best roofing material due to their high consumer characteristics, aesthetic beauty and unsurpassed durability.
However, today, natural tiles, as a roofing material, have lost most of their ( proportion of ceramics modern market does not exceed 15%) construction market.
This trend is observed in connection with the constant development and improvement modern materials for roofing. IN modern conditions construction, ceramic coating has occupied its stable niche and is used in accordance with its advantages and disadvantages.
We bring to your attention alternative types:
The benefits include:
- The service life of ceramic roofing is the longest, among all roofing materials and is more than 100 years old. After this period, the material begins to gradually collapse under the influence of corrosion and other factors. environment.
- Aesthetic beauty. The vast majority of modern roofing materials, one way or another, imitate the appearance and texture of classical ceramics. Consequently, the visual parameters of the ceramic roof is the standard, and other materials try to imitate it.
- Manufacturability. This characteristic is due to the relative ease of installation of a roof made of this material. The use of such tiles does not require specialized expensive equipment.
- Possibility of installation with negative temperatures , unlike most other roofing materials.
- Ceramics is a non-combustible material, therefore, the ceramic coating belongs to the fire class NG and is completely fireproof.
- Ease of maintenance and repair. Ceramic roofing consists of individual tiles, each of which, if necessary, can be replaced without dismantling roofing. Also, when dismantling the roof for carrying out repair work, such tiles can be reused.
- Possesses high soundproofing and heat-insulating characteristics. Perfectly retains heat during winter frosts, and at the same time leaves interior spaces buildings are cool in the summer heat.
- For the production of such coatings are used only natural ingredients, which allows us to call it an environmentally friendly material.
Modern ceramic tile is considered the most prestigious roofing material, thanks to which it is in stable demand in the private construction sector, despite all its shortcomings.
natural tile: cover photo
The main disadvantages include:
- High price material.
- Need for reinforcement of the truss system due to the high weight of ceramic tiles.
- Material placed only by hand, which creates some difficulties and slows down the installation process of the roof.
- Another disadvantage of ceramic roofing material can be considered fragility. Ceramic tiles require careful handling during transportation and installation.
Additional elements
Variety of types and forms of ceramic tiles
Among everything company diversity producing natural 
roofing materials, highlight:
- Natural tile Braas.
- Koramic.
- Creaton.
- Erlus.
All of the above manufacturers are engaged in the manufacture of natural roof tiles for many years and do not need advertising. These companies use the highest quality raw materials. Also, all finished products undergo the strictest output control, so when purchasing material from these manufacturers, you can be sure of its quality.
Today on sale you can find shingles of various shapes. Here are the main ones:
- Groove elements.
- Grooveless.
- Skate.
- Specialized. Produced individually or in small batches to solve specific tasks.
Types of ceramic tiles
Also, natural ceramic tiles are divided into several types on certain grounds.
- By production method, can be divided into stamping and tape.
- By shape, ceramic tiles are divided into smooth, grooved and profiled.
- By type of surface.
The surface, in turn, is divided into the following types:
- In the absence of specialized surface treatment of tiles, tiles have a natural color and texture of burnt clay. Color solutions vary greatly depending on the manufacturer, as they depend on the characteristics of the raw materials used.
- The engobed tile has a matte surface. This effect is achieved by adding specialized minerals to the clay mixture.
- The glazed coating of the tiles stands out with a glossy surface. Glazed material is the most expensive and prestigious among all natural roofing materials. This coating is obtained by applying a vitreous mass to the tiles, with further firing.
Color solutions
Today, many roofing companies offer shingles in a variety of profiles to meet specific needs. The main profile types are:
- Traditional (low profile).
- S - figurative.
- Beaver tail.
- Slotted.
- Flat.
- Romanesque.
Variety of profiles
By size, tiles can be divided into large-format and small-format.
Instructions for installing a roof made of natural tiles
The process of installing a tiled roof is conditionally divided into 2 stages.
The first stage includes the calculation of the need for materials and preparatory work.
At the second stage, all manipulations are performed installation roofing cake.
Ceramic tiles laid with overlap depending on the angle of inclination of the roof plane. Therefore, in order to calculate the required amount of material, it is necessary to know the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof and its slope relative to the horizon.
NOTE!
Roof pitch less than 16 degrees, the overlap will be 10 or more centimeters. With a slope of 16 to 30 degrees- 8-10 centimeters, and with more inclination, an overlap of 7 centimeters will be enough.
truss system
, created by ceramic tiles per 1 m2 of roofing, is approximately 50 kilograms. Also, the calculations should take into account snow and wind loads. Therefore, in order to withstand such a weight, the truss system must have a sufficiently high bearing capacity.The best solution for making a rafter system would be use of a bar with a section of 75 by 150 millimeters.
The device of the truss system
Manufacturing of crates
For the manufacture of crates, you must use softwood logs with cross-sectional dimension 50x50 mm. and humidity not exceeding 25%. The number of batten guides should be equal to the number of tile rows, plus an additional row running along the eaves overhang.
It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the width of the laths passing along the cornice overhangs, need to increase by 1.5 - 2 centimeters. This is necessary to level the surface of the roof.
Lathing device
Thermal insulation, vapor barrier and waterproofing device
Installation of ceramic roofing involves a device 
ventilation gaps, to prevent the penetration of moisture into the roofing pie, wetting of the insulation and the formation of condensate.
- The first layer is arranged vapor barrier material. It is attached to inside rafters with an overlap of at least 15-20 millimeters.
- Further, a layer of insulation is laid between the rafters. Insulation boards must be laid flat to prevent them from falling onto the vapor barrier layer.
- The last layer of waterproofing is mounted. Between the layer of insulation and waterproofing, it is necessary to leave a ventilation gap. The film unfolds from the bottom edge roof slope horizontally, along the eaves. The recommended overlap, when installing a waterproofing layer, is from 10 to 20 centimeters, depending on the slope angle.
CAREFULLY!
It is important to remember that waterproofing film should sag between adjacent elements of the crate by 1 - 2 centimeters. This is necessary so that the condensate accumulates in the formed grooves and does not linger on the roof elements.
Roofing cake under the tiles
Installation of natural tiles: instructions
- First thing, it is necessary to check the roof for deviations from the plane of the slope. The deviation, for each meter of surface, should not exceed 2 - 3 millimeters.
- Further, it is necessary to lift all the material on the roof and evenly place on its surface in stacks of several tiles.
- In the future, it is necessary fully lay out rows of tiles along the cornice overhang and ridge.
- At the next stage, it is necessary to mark the lines for mounting vertical columns. It is important to outline the gable line and additional lines every few rows of tiles.
- Further laying starts from the lower right corner of the roof from natural tiles, with a gradual advance to the left and up.
- At the next stage, the gable and ridge elements. At the points of contact between the gable and ridge tiles, their need to fit together by cutting.
- Cornice overhangs are hemmed with a board so that provide air access to the ventilation ducts.
- To exclude the possibility of installers falling from the roof, it is advisable to use safety ropes.
Joint mounting
Shingles fixing
Installation of ceramic roofing is quite complicated and laborious process. It is advisable to entrust all of the above operations to a professional team of builders. This approach guarantees compliance with all the rules for the installation of natural roofing tiles, and therefore, the roof will delight the owners of the home for many years.
Useful video
You can learn all the nuances of laying natural tiles from this video:
Such roofing material as natural tiles has been known since ancient times. It has not lost its popularity even today, because with its help, specialists create a spectacular appearance and original style roofs. It is deservedly called the "roofing queen" for its reliability, attractive visual characteristics and affordable price. It is she who decorates most of the houses in Europe and America, while nothing compares to this material in its popularity.
Types and features
This material is made from clay and water. Such a simple combination gives an amazing result: a roof made of natural tiles is resistant to precipitation, durable and attractive to others.
Ceramic tiles may vary in the shape of the tiles:
- flat (another name is “beaver tail” due to its similarity with the tail of this animal);
- wave (also known as "S"-shaped);
- with a groove ("monk-nun").
The scope of use and the option of laying the material depend on these features. Flat tiles are laid out with a significant overlap, there are cases of double and even triple laying. The wave-shaped tiles are equipped with special grooves that guarantee a strong grip. On more complex roofs, monk-nun or beaver-tail shapes are preferred.
Type of outer cover:
- Glaze. This type coating is similar to glass. It is applied by additional firing. Glaze is considered one of the most aesthetic tile treatments for installation.
- Engobe. It consists of a small layer of colored or white clay applied to the surface of the tile and fixed with additional heat treatment. It has the same properties as the natural tile itself, changing its color and increasing resistance to discoloration and temperature fluctuations.
What to look for when choosing
When choosing a natural tile, it is necessary to evaluate the following parameters:
- stylistic features;
- the cost of roofing material;
- quality characteristics (strength, resistance to precipitation, resistance to fading);
- ease of installation.
If you live in coastal regions, then you need to choose the appropriate tiles. Buy options with a protective layer that will prevent the destruction of the material under the action of salty air. Residents of the southern regions should make sure that the roof is protected from excessive influence ultraviolet rays and high temperature.
Where to buy natural tiles in Moscow?
The company "Krovgrad" offers wide choose roofing materials price Moscow | Here you can find tiles various shapes, while with an additional coating depending on design features roof and construction region. Natural tiles vary considerably in price per m2. Here you can choose how budget options, as well as products from well-known world brands.
Order a natural tile from us. Make your home real architectural masterpiece thanks to products from our company!
Ceramic tiles are considered one of the best and most respectable roofing options. This is due not only to the natural origin, but also to the excellent technical characteristics of the material. In a number of parameters (strength, resistance to environmental factors, durability), ceramic tiles are superior to many other roofing materials.
What it is?
Natural ceramic tiles are one of the oldest roofing materials actively used in construction today.
The basis of the composition of the material is clay of fatty varieties. GOST assumes a multi-stage process for the preparation of raw materials and the manufacture of tiles:
- preparation of raw materials based on potter's clay with the addition of plasticizers;
- shaping of tiles by stamping, semi-dry pressing or tape plastic formation;
- firing blanks in a furnace, the temperature of which is more than 1000C.
Peculiarities
The pros and cons of the material are due to the peculiarities of production and its composition. Thus, the environmental friendliness of ceramic tiles is one of its main advantages. Made on the basis of clay, it is not only safe for human health and the environment, but also allows you to create a favorable microclimate in the room. This is due to the "breathing" ability of the tiles.
Among the operational and technical characteristics, it is worth highlighting the most significant.
- Moisture resistance of the material, despite the porosity of its structure. Ceramic tile does not absorb moisture, therefore, even with prolonged rainfall, it retains an attractive appearance and other indicators.
- Long service life - the service life of the material is 100 years.
- Frost resistance - withstands up to 300 freezing cycles.
- Resistance to ultraviolet rays, which allows it to be used for arranging houses in southern regions. The material does not fade in the sun, and therefore retains its shade, aesthetic properties.
- Lack of corrosion, deformations of a tile.
- Thanks to the tiles of small size, it is possible to ensure the ventilation of the building, to avoid the effect of a greenhouse.
- High strength indicators (comparable to the strength of granite).
- High heat and sound insulation properties due to the special structure and density. in the house with ceramic roof not cold in winter and not hot in summer, even if we are talking about attic rooms. strong winds and precipitation also does not become a source of noise in the house.
- Ease of installation - the individual elements of the tile, like puzzle pieces, are fastened together. This, by the way, makes it easy and inexpensive to carry out repairs. If one element is damaged, only it is replaced. Dismantle large plot roofing is not required.
- Unlike metal tiles, ceramic tiles do not accumulate static electricity, and therefore a grounding device is not required.
Speaking about the advantages of the material, it is worth noting its aesthetic appeal.- houses with such a roof look elegant and respectable.
Owners can choose from several types of tile shapes and a diverse color palette, including both brick red and yellow-brown natural shades.
The disadvantage of a ceramic roof is its considerable weight - 50-70 kg / m kV. In this regard, an additional load is placed on the supporting structures, and therefore their strengthening is required. The fragility of fired clay tiles results in the inconvenience of storage, transportation and special requirements for the installation process. Finally, ceramic tiles have a high cost. But this is offset by high technical properties material and its long service life.
Kinds
Despite the variety of shapes and shades of ceramic roofing tiles, there are 3 main types of it.
- Flat tiles (including "beaver tail")- has a rounded appearance of the "scapula". Suitable for buildings complex shapes with many broken lines, mounted with a slight overlap in the form of scales, which guarantees a reliable waterproof effect. The exception is the “bobrovka”, which is placed in one layer and attached to a special solution.
- Grooved ("munch-nunn")- also an option more suitable for roofs of complex configuration. This roof tile has 2 layers: the lower one (“nunn”) is formed by concave shards, the upper one (“kun”) is convex. They are joined in pairs, which provides aesthetic expressiveness and the best waterproof performance. However, the consumption of material grows almost 2 times.
- wavy- aesthetically attractive tiles, most often used for organizing the roof of a country house or country house. It happens single-wave (Dutch tiles) and two-wave.
wavy and flat tiles equipped with grooves on one or both sides, which provides better water resistance of the material and reliability of fastening.
There is also a slot tile, which is often used for roofing. simple forms. Outwardly, the grooved one resembles a Dutch tile and forms a kind of “frill” on the roof. Each tile has a flat surface, becoming convex at the edge.
Shingles can be covered with one of several common options.
- natural- this tile has no coating, its surface and texture are natural baked clay. The material looks good on "old" buildings, buildings in retro style. Its shade is the natural color of clay after firing. These are reddish, brick tones. During operation, such plates become covered with a patina, darken.
At different manufacturers the color of natural tiles may vary due to the use different varieties clay.
- glazed- resembles a glassy coating, aesthetically attractive, regardless of the shade of the tile. As part of the glaze - a glassy substance containing ions various metals. The latter also provide one or another shade of the product. Finished roof tiles elegant, glossy (when choosing the appropriate shade, it has the same appearance as the metal tile), it has increased moisture-proof properties. The downside is low frost resistance, glazed tiles are more prone to cracking than others. It is worth noting its high cost, this is the most expensive type of ceramic tiles.
- engobed– colored tiles, a shade that is obtained by applying a thin layer of colored clay to the tile and then firing it at high temperature. The color of clay is obtained by mixing it with mineral additives, the latter determine the palette finished products. Thanks to this technology, the color is stable, and due to the fact that engobe and ceramic tiles have the same structure, the material does not crack in frost. The surface of the engobed tile is matte.
A variation of this method is the edelangobed method. It involves adding coloring composition frits (tiny glass particles). being exposed high temperatures, they sinter, forming a glossy surface. Edelangobirovannaya tile looks more attractive, but also more expensive.
Material
Classical ceramic tile - clay, also called sand-ceramic tile. It is based on raw materials of fatty varieties and modifiers that provide technical and operational properties material. However, there are also analogues close in composition.
- Cement-sand. Its basis is cement, water and sand. It is not baked, but steamed for 8 hours, after which it is dried. By their own operational parameters not inferior to the clinker analogue: long service life, good heat and sound insulation properties, resistance to moisture, frost, UV rays, naturalness. Much cheaper than clinker slabs. The downside is a very large weight - one tile (medium format) weighs 4 kg, which significantly narrows the scope of its application. In addition, she has a leaner color palette and is also fragile.
- Soft clay tiles. The front and inner parts of such tiles differ in composition. At the core outside- basalt or mineral veil, which look like expanded clay granulate. The inner part is a self-adhesive bituminous layer with a protective polyethylene film. Between these layers is laid layered construction based on non-woven polyester or fiberglass and bitumen. Such tiles can be laid on roofs with a slope of no more than 12 degrees. Installation can be done in dry weather at a temperature of 5-10C. Laying such a roof requires strengthening beams and walls.
If all conditions are met, then the user receives an attractive, environmentally resistant, durable material.
- Polymer-sand. It is based on a thermoplastic composite obtained by mixing hard and soft polymers, drying them in ovens and heating and mixing in an extruder. Thermoplastic composite can be given any shape and shade, which provides a variety of designs for finished products.
Externally, such a tile is almost indistinguishable from ceramic, but has less weight. This, in turn, allows you to make frequent crates, to refuse additional strengthening of the foundation. Due to the fact that the coloring pigment penetrates the entire thickness of the material, the color is more stable, saturated. When ignited, the material self-extinguishes. Such a tile is stronger than ceramic, does not absorb moisture, and resists the effects of environmental factors.
The downside is the instability of the tiles even from the same batch and the high cost.
Despite the fact that the material is lighter than ceramics, it is not recommended to use it for the restoration of old buildings. The latter have a dilapidated truss system that risks collapsing under the weight of the tiles.
Dimensions
There are no uniform standards for the dimensions of tile tiles. In general, there are three main dimensional types.
- Large format. Suitable for use on the roof large area simple design. Due to the large dimensions of the tile, it is possible to speed up the installation process, save lumber consumption by using a rarer crate. Material consumption - approximately 10 tiles / m kV. Approximate dimensions - 310x477 mm.
- Medium format. An average option between large and small format tiles, characterized by versatility of use. Consumption is in the range of 13-15 pieces / m kV, the approximate size is 225x444 mm.
- Small format. It is preferable to choose it for small areas, roofs of complex configurations. Using small-format tiles, you can lay out interesting patterns and drawings using different shades plates. The average consumption is 20 / m kV with an approximate size of plates 315x160 mm.
Colors
The color of ceramic tiles depends on the method of its manufacture. Natural plates are characterized by the natural colors of fired clay - red, brick, brown. Differences in shades are due different composition clay used. So, with a high content of iron hydroxide after firing, the material has a more red hue, with a manganese content - dark brown. When lime is added to the raw material, tiles of yellow shades are obtained, magnesite - light red.
Engobed and glazed tiles have more shades, including black, green, dark blue, purple. The palette of glazed material is richer. Both options include a collection of artificially aged tiles.
Necessary tools and mixtures
Installation of tiles requires the preparation of tools such as a cutter, screwdriver, tape measure, hammer. Of course, you need to purchase the tile itself and additional elements. Take care of the availability of materials for hydro and vapor barrier, building materials for creating the crate.
Tiles have grooves, making installation simple and quick. In some cases, fixing compounds are used.
Do-it-yourself selection and styling
When buying tiles, do not forget to purchase a certain amount for a reserve - in case of marriage or for repair work. Otherwise, the product belonging to a different production series will differ in color. Such "motleyness" looks sloppy on the roof, especially when it comes to flat plates.
Installation of ceramic tiles involves the sequential implementation of several operations:
- Organization of a waterproofing system, the material is laid on the rafters.
- Creation of a layer of vapor barrier.
- Installing a counter-lattice on the vapor barrier layer.
- Laying the beams of the crate on which the tiles are mounted. The step of the crate depends on the length of the tile. When laying it with an overlap, the width of the overlap is deducted from this dimension.
Tiled tiles are laid from top to bottom, from left to right. After all the rows are laid, it is necessary to cut off the protruding parts of the material - those that go beyond the slope.
To prevent the accumulation of steam under the tiles, care should be taken to remove it. To do this, even at the stage of waterproofing, you need to make ventilation holes.
For information on how to install tiles, see the following video.
Famous manufacturers and reviews
If you want the roof to serve you for more than one century, it is important not only to install it correctly, but also to choose a reliable tile. The leading manufacturer of the latter is German company Robin. The success of products is due to the high quality of raw materials and compliance with the finest technological requirements production. Tiles are of impeccable quality, durability, have a guarantee of 30 years. The collection includes about 50 types of tiles. The colors are mostly natural, however, a unique collection has been developed for discerning buyers, striking with its exquisite color palette.
The brand from Austria also deserves attention. Koramic. Products comply with European quality and safety standards, have a 30-year warranty. The main advantage is the richness of tile models and color variety.
Spain can also be proud of the ceramic tiles branded La Escandella. The tiles are based on clay of the finest grinding, which makes it possible to increase its specifications. The choice of the buyer - 5 forms of tiles (including the popular "beaver tail") and about 20 color solutions. The series enjoys special love of buyers "Antik" imitating an aged roof surface. The warranty period from the manufacturer is 35 years.
imposing guarantee period(50 years old) has a tile from a German manufacturer Meyer Holsen. The technologists of this company first developed a method of applying glaze to tiles, so today a huge number of tiles of the most fantastic colors are produced here.
The company also provides a half-century warranty on its products. sereni from Italy. It was her products that were used in the construction of the Olympic Village in Turin, the La Fenice Theater in Venice, the Venetian Marco Polo Airport and many other world famous objects. Quality, durability and freedom of choice - this is what the manufacturer is guided by when producing ceramic tiles.
Canadian company Murol, better known as a leading manufacturer drainage systems also manufactures clay tiles. Them hallmark from many similar tiles is the perfection of sizes, richness of colors. Polymer-ceramic tiles are different increased strength, which is due to the characteristics of the raw material composition.
Serbian manufacturer Mladost m can brag harmonious combination High Quality products and affordable price. The collections are based on natural and engobed tiles.
The brand also has positive reviews. Ludowici, whose products have a minimum water absorption coefficient (1%). The collection contains materials designed for use in extremely harsh conditions. The choice of the buyer - many types of tiles, differing in the material of manufacture, shapes, colors.
Decent tile brands Russian production is extremely difficult to distinguish. This is due to the formation of material production in the country. However, some large manufacturers are part of European concerns, for example, Braas. If we talk about sand-cement tiles, then, perhaps, the best products are Russian-Swedish production. sea waves. It successfully replaces ceramic tiles, but at the same time has a much more affordable cost.
Connoisseurs of beauty have appreciated the original product palette, which includes burgundy, dark gray, blue, red and other shades, tiles with a patina effect.
Successful examples and options
Ceramic tiles - good material for suburban buildings, if you want to add respectability and sophistication to their appearance. The material goes well with most facades - stone, siding, wood. Traditional clay shades emphasize the depth of the masonry palette, advantageously set off light colors facade.
However, a tiled roof can blend into the façade for an eclectic and stylish look. The main thing is to choose suitable items that will bring revival to the exterior.
When using small-format tiles, it is recommended to combine 2-3 shades. This allows you to get volume, make the roof a decoration of the house.