Rules for growing peach from the stone at home. How to grow a peach from a stone at home: three effective ways. Variety selection and peach care for a great harvest

Peach is southern fruit crop. All its varieties are zoned only in the North Caucasus region. Nevertheless, it can be grown in regions north and east of Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don and Stavropol and receive good harvests. It is advisable to create a school from peach seedlings of different ages. If for some reason the tree disappears, a replacement is already ready for it. Peach from the stone fully conveys the qualities of the variety, regardless of whether it is a grafted tree or a parent tree.

What kind of peach to choose for planting with a stone

If there is already a peach tree in the country, be sure to leave a few fruits for sowing. In the northern and northeastern regions, peach trees are short-lived and rarely more than 10 years old. They suffer from frosty winters, return frosts, freezer, in spring- summer period heavily affected by diseases and pests. The same should be done with fruits bought at the local market.

Ask the seller about the name of the variety. Old varieties are well known in our country: Golden Jubilee (medium ripening), Memory Simirenko (early), Fluffy early, Stavropol pink, Redhaven, Favorit Morettini. AT last years in State Register many new varieties have been introduced, including several great varieties from Crimea: very late - Crimean autumn, Velvet season, very early - Pomegranate, Worthy, Crimean masterpiece, Refreshing.

All varieties when grown in regions with harsh winters need additional shelter of the root system with the help of leaves, needles, spruce branches, dense nonwovens in one or more layers. It is desirable to wrap the aerial part with spunbond. In the spring, the trees need to be opened in time, carrying out this work very carefully to avoid breaking the swelling buds. Peaches that are already in bloom often lose their yield due to flashback frosts in the atmosphere. You can fight this phenomenon if you kindle small fires in the garden in the early morning. The rising smoke will warm the ground air and protect the garden from frost.

Remember that protecting the garden from frost with a fire must be carried out in compliance with fire safety measures!

Germination of planting material of all varieties does not exceed 25%. Therefore, for sowing it is worth stocking up large quantity bones. Imported peaches and nectarines brought from far abroad are suitable for sowing only for experimental purposes. They are unlikely to sprout due to the fact that the fruits were picked unripe, the seedlings will still die in our climate.

In spite of hard shell bones, it opens quite easily in a moist substrate, and after a few months it is impossible to find traces of it in the soil.

Preparing peach pits for sowing

Do not rush to eat the fruit whose seed you want to plant. Let him mature well. The flesh should become very soft, cracks may appear on the skin. If the fruits are rotten, this will in no way affect the quality of the seeds - feel free to take them for planting, they will not be difficult to germinate. It is necessary to remove the bone from the pulp, rinse and dry in the air. If sowing is planned for the same summer, seeds wrapped in a plastic bag should be placed on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator for 7-10 days and a short stratification should be carried out. Lower positive temperatures activate the vital processes in the seeds, they will show a much higher germination.

If winter is coming, it is advisable to plan planting seeds at home at the end of the cold period, but for now, lay the seeds for a long stratification. To carry it out, peach pits are placed in a container with wet sand to a depth of 3-4 cm. The container, covered with a film or glass on top, is removed to the bottom shelf of the refrigerator and kept for 2-3 months, preventing the sand from drying out.

If the peach was on the table at the beginning of summer, you can try to get a seedling by autumn. You should carefully open the dense shell of the seeds, remove the seeds and soak them for 2-3 days in warm water, which must be changed every 3-4 hours, followed by sowing the seeds.

Planting seeds

There are two ways to sow peach seeds:

1. 1. In open ground in the country.
2. 2. In a pot at home.

Let's take a closer look at each method.

Sowing in open ground

If sowing was carried out in late June or early July, then sprouts will appear at the end of summer. It is important that they have time to prepare for the winter. A protective light brown bark must form on the shoots, otherwise the young plants will not survive the harsh winter conditions, regardless of the type of shelter. To prepare seedlings for cold weather, they are limited in growth: pinch the tops, stop watering and feeding.

If sowing was carried out in August-September, then the seedlings will sprout the next year. This one is over late deadline sowing is preferable, as the seeds will undergo natural stratification in the ground. The percentage of germinating seeds in this case will be lower.

For sowing, choose a heated sunny place with fertile, well-drained soil. Compost is added to the garden bed, full mineral fertilizer at the rate of 1/3 cup of the fertilizer mixture per 1 square meter. The earth is dug up on a shovel bayonet, mixing all the ingredients well. Bones are planted at a distance of at least 15 cm from each other in one or two rows to a depth of 6-7 cm, and a school of peach seedlings is created.

Sowing in a pot at home

This method of growing peach seedlings is the most preferable because it allows you to create optimal conditions for growth and development young tree. Landing in open ground is carried out in the spring of next year. Then in the third year the peach will bear fruit. For planting seeds, you should take pots with a volume of 1.5-2 liters. At the bottom, one or more drainage holes are required to drain excess water flowing down during irrigation.

Drainage material is laid at the bottom - expanded clay, vermiculite or small pebbles. Then the entire volume is filled with a soil mixture, including sand, garden soil and peat in equal parts. 3 seeds are planted in a 2-liter pot at an equal distance from each other to a depth of 6-7 cm.

Important! The depth of peach pits must be at least 6 cm!

The soil is well moistened, the pot is covered with a film or glass to minimize the drying of the soil and cleaned in a warm place. Illumination in the period before germination does not matter. Germination of peach seeds lasts an average of 3-4 weeks. At this time, the container must be periodically ventilated and slightly moisten the soil as needed.

Peaches care - in the open field and at home

Outdoor care consists of timely weeding, loosening the soil, mulching the top layer and watering. Watering the peaches middle lane Russia at the beginning of summer can be 2 times a month, in July - 1 time per week, and in August and September, watering should be stopped so that the plants have time to prepare for winter. It is advisable to keep seedlings in shkolka until 2-3 years of age, so that they get stronger. Move trees to permanent place follows next spring.

When growing peach seedlings at home in a pot, they create optimal conditions for light, temperature and humidity of the soil and air. Plants will need maximum light. Place the pot of peaches on the most lit window sill. The air temperature in the room should be maintained at 25-26 degrees in summer, 16-18 degrees in winter. Watering in summer is necessary frequent - 2 times a week, and rare in winter. The soil should not be allowed to dry out completely. For a month you need to water the plant 2-3 times.

It is not recommended to keep peaches in a pot longer than one season, as the soil loses its supply. nutrients, the roots of young trees grow and begin to oppress each other. In the spring of next year, seedlings must be planted in a permanent place in the country.

Planting a peach in a permanent place

For peach choose the most the best place in the garden: well heated, protected from drafts and winds, not subject to attack powdery mildew. The pit for planting should be large: 50-60 cm deep and 40-50 cm in diameter. For roots young tree you need to create a loose, fertile, well-permeable soil structure. To do this, pour into the pit:

1. 1. A layer of expanded clay for drainage - 15-20 cm.
2. 2. Compost or humus.
3. 3. Complete mineral fertilizer.
4. 4. Garden soil.

The last three ingredients are thoroughly mixed together. The seedling is placed in a prepared place, the roots are straightened and gradually covered with soil mixture, tamping the root system well. After 2/3 of the soil mixture is used up, landing pit watered with a peach tree, pouring at least 1 bucket of water. Then the liquid is allowed to soak in, after which the hole is covered with the remaining amount of earth from above.

What to do so that the peach bears fruit every year

To obtain an annual harvest of peaches, a number of conditions must be met:

• No weakening of the tree by frost crackers, diseases and pests.
• Annual formation of fruit wood.
• Protection of ovaries from return frosts.

Measures to protect trees from the adverse factors of winter and spring were discussed above. Let us dwell in more detail on the question of how to properly form fruit wood. Initially, at the time of planting the seedling, its main shoot is shortened to a well-developed bud. During the next season, the development of side shoots is stimulated. There are two options for the formation of peach trees: as a bush, a tree.

When forming a bush, all the upper shoots are pinched, and at the bottom three processes are left in different planes, which in the future will become skeletal branches. You need to decide on the height of the stem. You can leave it high - about 30 cm, low - 10-15 cm, or start shaping skeletal branches immediately from the ground. As they grow, they are shortened, stimulating the development of lateral wood, on which fruit buds will form.

A peach grown from a stone begins to bear fruit for 3-4 years.

When a peach is formed by a tree, skeletal branches begin to emerge at a trunk height of at least 60 cm. Further actions according to the formation of fruit wood are the same as in the case of bush formation.

Peach is a responsive plant. Try to grow it from the seed, and you will definitely enjoy the juicy and fragrant fruit!

How to grow a peach from a stone at home or in the country? Today we will learn how to choose the right seed, how to plant a seed so that a sprout emerges from it, and what should be the care of a peach at home.

Propagation using seeds is considered the simplest and at the same time reliable method. But this method also has some drawbacks, and they must be taken into account. The main disadvantage is that a tree planted at home with a stone is likely to lose its varietal qualities. This is explained by the fact that the seed ovary is formed by cross-pollination, due to which the fruits in the future may not have the qualities and characteristics of the mother tree.

Fruits in the future may not have the qualities and characteristics of the mother tree

To find out the "gender" of the selected plant, wait for its fruiting, which occurs around the fourth year.

But the pluses include the fact that a plant grown from seeds is usually much more resistant to diseases and pests, low temperatures and other adverse conditions.

The most important thing is the right choice of planting material. Try to buy peaches that have been grown near where you live. It is unlikely that a plant that was grown in Turkey or Spain, where the climate is completely different, will take root in your home or in the country, the probability of a positive outcome is very small. Even if it grows from a bone small sapling, then when landing in open ground, he is likely to die. The second problem is that such a tree will not bear fruit.

As a result, you will get a barren tree that will take up space on the site and will perform purely decorative functions. Also, when choosing planting material, it will not be superfluous to pay attention to the fruit - it must be ripe, whole and large, without rot and damage. Remember that not all seeds can sprout. This suggests that you need to stock up on at least three bones. And in general, the more, the better - not all of them will sprout, others may die over time.

The most resistant varieties that are planted at home include:

• Amsden;
• Nectarine White;
• Nobles.

1.Amsden

2.Nectarine White

3.Nobles

How to grow a peach from a seed at home? There are two simple method that you can use:

• stratification;
• growing in a pot.

Let's explore each method in more detail. If you decide to use stratification methods, you need to qualitatively select the bones of the ripened fetus at home, carefully clean them from the pulp. Then you need to immerse the bones in small pots filled with sawdust or slightly damp sand. The container does not need to be closed. After some time, the stratified bones will burst and a small sprout will hatch from them. It's time to transplant the plant into a pot with fertile soil.

You can buy the soil or make it yourself, taking peat and humus in equal proportions. After a while, a tree will begin to form from a sprout. During this period, you need to carefully monitor the soil - as soon as the earth begins to dry out, water the soil mixture a little, but watering should be moderate. At this stage, the peach pot can be placed in a well-lit place, while the temperature in the apartment should not exceed + 20 ° C.

The second way - growing in a pot - is simpler and does not require much effort. First you need to get the bone from the fetus, rinse it, dry it. Then the bone is opened with a knife and the seed is removed from it. Be very careful not to damage the pulp of the seed, otherwise nothing will grow from such a seed. The extracted seeds are placed in warm water for three days. At the same time, every day the water must be changed to fresh. After this time, the seeds will swell and become larger. So, they can be planted in the ground.

In addition, each seed must be planted in a separate pot. Planting depth is about 10 cm. After that, water the soil and cover the container with glass or film. To prevent the earth from becoming moldy, remove the film every day, airing the plant. In the pot, you need to make a small hole to drain the water - stagnant water will not only lead to the appearance of a fungus, but also destroy the plant. After a while, the seeds will hatch and the first sprouts will appear.

The bone is opened and the seed is extracted from it.

Each seed should be planted in a separate pot.

After a while, the seeds will hatch and the first sprouts will appear.

Well, now it's time to talk about the care that needs to be provided to a peach planted at home or in the country.

Caring for peach sprouts at home - useful tips

You know how to grow a peach from a seed, but that's not all. After the planted bones germinate, they need to be provided with quality care.

You have to regularly moisten the soil

After the bones germinate, they need to be provided with quality care.

All your subsequent actions will be aimed at growing a tree that will bear fruit. The first thing to do is to ensure a large number of sunlight for plants. If the room where the seedlings grow is very dark, you will have to create artificial lighting. You will also have to regularly moisten the soil and loosen it. In this case, you need to act very carefully so as not to inadvertently damage the delicate root system.

In spring, the flowering period begins: you need to transfer the seedlings to a room where the temperature does not exceed +15 ° C. After a couple of weeks, the containers with the dogs will again have to be transferred to another, warmer room - the temperature in the room should not be lower than +18 ° C. A peach should be transplanted into another pot before flowering - this usually happens in early spring or autumn. For transplanting, it is worth preparing a suitable soil mixture of peat, sand, humus, leafy soil and turf in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 2.

Do not forget that competent care includes top dressing. It is best to use organic or mineral fertilizers, which must be applied twice a month from the beginning of spring to the end of summer. Over time, you will also need to prune and shape the peach to prepare it for winter. The fact is that a peach grown from a stone develops very quickly with proper care - after 2-4 months it can reach a height of almost half a meter. As soon as they start showing up side shoots, proceed to the formation of the top. It is on the side branches that the fruits appear, if they do not develop normally, the growth of the tree will go up, but at the same time it will not bear fruit.

Peach is a fragrant, juicy delicacy that few people can resist. Unfortunately, the fruit grows in the southern regions, and it is not always possible to find it on sale. Today we will tell you how you can grow a peach yourself, at home, from a simple seed. However, we will warn you right away: in order for such a tree to bear fruit, you will have to make a lot of effort. Doesn't it scare you? Then you can try. In the end, even if the fruits do not work out, you will have a beautiful and unusual plant for our latitudes. Moreover, grown independently.

Choosing the right variety

Peaches have a lot of varietal varieties. Each of them has its own characteristics, and when choosing which tree you will grow, proceed from it. species features. Hybrids are rejected immediately: even if they contain a normal, apparently complete, bone, you will never see a sprout from it. The fact is that hybrid plants do not give procreation.

Requirements for peach seeds:

1. They must be sufficiently resistant to cold.
2. They should be able to easily tolerate small amounts. sunny color and be able to bear fruit.
3. Don't choose shop material, as a rule, a full-fledged plant is not obtained from it. It is best to purchase fruits in special nurseries or directly in the south, in private farms from those whom you can trust.
4. The best varieties for growing in central Russia: White Nectarine, Early Riversa, Nobles, Early Minion, Winner, Amsden and Anasny Nectarine.

There is another point that must be considered when choosing a variety of a future peach. Carefully read the characteristics of each of the applicants and decide which fit better Total. Pay attention to:

• growing conditions;
• Demanding to the soil, fertilizing, care;
• Taste qualities (early ones are usually not suitable for harvesting, later ones are harder);
• Aging rate (many late varieties they just won’t have time to ripen in a short summer, so they will have to be plucked in advance).

In any case, choose the most suitable variety- main task for preparatory stage. In the middle lane, the requirements for a future tree are more serious than in the south, where, in principle, it is quite easy to grow any peach.

When the issue with the choice of variety is finally resolved, it is necessary to proceed with the germination of the seed. It's amazing how big and beautiful tree can be obtained from just a normal seed, but that's what we're going to do now.

Before planting a bone in the ground, it must be properly prepared for the upcoming process. Peaches do not grow particularly fast, they are quite whimsical and capricious. Therefore, even at the stage of preparation for landing, you will have to tinker with them.

Stratification
First, select ripe, soft fruits. As mentioned above, only varietal ones are suitable. Completely clean the seed from the pulp, and then proceed to stratification. Essentially, this process mimics winter conditions, prepares future harvest to seedlings, hardens it and awakens the spark of life. Stratification technology is applied only to those plants that without it will be quite difficult (and sometimes even impossible) to adapt to unusual growing conditions. For peach, mid-latitudes are a significant stress. That is why it is impossible to do without preparation.

So for everything winter time remove the bone in a cold place with sufficient humidity. The seed must be placed in an open container, on wet sand or sawdust. Make sure the environment is always humid! With a successful stratification, by spring, by the time of planting, the peach pits will crack and sprout. As soon as you see it, move the plant to a pot.

Soil preparation and planting
The soil is essential! It should consist half of fertile black soil (or humus), half of peat. Gently deepen the bone into it, no more than 3 cm. And wait. In a peach, it first forms root system and then the plant itself. Therefore, the sprout may not appear as soon as you would like. But don't despair. As soon as the peach gets stronger, it will definitely show up and begin to form into a beautiful strong tree.

plant care
Keep a close eye on earthy clod, peach does not like when dry. As soon as the soil dries out, water it moderately. Strong humidity should also not be allowed. In addition, the peach tree is very fond of the sun. In a dark place it will wither and die. Remember: a healthy peach, which is suitable for the conditions, grows, though not quickly, but surely.

As a rule, peaches live at home. They are also planted in the ground, but caring for such whimsical "pets" will be much more difficult. Below we will talk about it, but for now - how to grow a fruit-bearing tree at home. Peach is a heat-loving and sun-loving crop. When there is a shortage sunny days he needs to create artificial lighting. In winter, the plant rests. He needs a temperature of about 4 degrees. In spring, flowering and fruit ripening begin. For the process to be successful, the tree should be moved to a warmer and maximum bright room with a temperature of 10-15 degrees. After the future fruits are tied, for the entire summer period, the peach needs an even warmer climate: up to 25 degrees.

It is recommended to transplant a tree into a large container either before flowering or after harvesting. Soil: humus + peat + turf + sand + leaf soil (ratio 1:1:1:1:2). It is necessary to feed from the beginning of spring to the end of summer, twice a month. Peach needs both organic and mineral fertilizers. In addition, it must be cut off annually and pinch out unnecessary shoots.

In the middle lane, characterized by a fleeting summer with a small number of hot, sunny days, the plant is grown only in a greenhouse. If you want to do without a special “house”, then for the winter, be sure to wrap the tree with burlap, and the stem part with glass wool or other insulating materials.

You can grow peach at home! And it's not as difficult as it seems. But, if everything works out, you can surprise your friends and relatives with juicy, fragrant fruits from the home garden!

Video: growing a peach from a stone

After eating sweet and ripe peaches, do not rush to throw out the remaining bones. From them you can grow a whole tree, which in the future can decorate the garden. If you are interested in how to grow a peach from a seed, then this article has been prepared especially for you.

Answer to the question

If everything goes well, then after a certain amount of time you can wait for the first shoots. For everything to be successful, you must create favorable conditions. The adaptation of the plant will be successful if you choose the right variety. It is better to use specimens that grow in your area. There will be more chances that then the plant will endure the winter well. To answer main question how to properly grow a peach from a seed, you need to prepare materials for planting.

Start

Before you need to necessary training peach pit. To do this, do the following:

1. A week before planting the bone, dip it in a container of water.
2. Fluid needs to be changed every day.
3. On the day of disembarkation, make a small incision with a hammer. In this case, in no case should the core be damaged.
4. It is better to plant a bone in autumn period. Then it will go through all the stages of stratification.

The last phenomenon should be given special attention.

Why is stratification necessary?

Having received an answer to your question, how to grow a peach from a stone in a pot, you need to prepare the seed. For better germination, stratification is used, which can be of three types:

• cold;
• warm;
• combined.

This procedure helps to bring the plant out of a state of deep dormancy. For this, the bone is subjected to low or high temperature. Now that everything is ready, you can start growing the plant.

First shoots

When the seed is planted, all you have to do is wait. To avoid various situations use not one bone, but several at once. Thus, you will get a large number of shoots, which can then be transplanted into open ground. When spring comes, you need to prepare the plants for moving to their summer cottage.

Where and how

We turn to the main question, how to grow a peach from a stone in the country. First of all, choose the perfect location. It must meet the following requirements:

• unshaded;
• the presence of sunlight.

An important factor for growing peaches is the air temperature. Such a plant easily survives temperatures that drop to 0 degrees. An adult peach tree can withstand frost down to -10. For better flowering in the spring, it is better to keep the plant in a greenhouse. If you need to transplant a plant, then follow these recommendations:

• the procedure is carried out before flowering, that is, in early spring;
• ideal soil should consist of humus, rotten foliage and peat;
• if you did not have time to transplant in the spring, then you should wait until the fall.

Now that you know how to grow a peach from a seed, you need to learn how to care for it.

Fertilizer and watering

It is necessary to moisten the soil abundantly during flowering and dry weather. As soon as the tree begins to bear fruit, the amount of watering is reduced by about half. You can fertilize peaches no more than twice a month. Mineral and organic top dressings are ideal for this.

If the tree grows at home, then it must be constantly sprayed. The procedure is especially recommended when the humidity in the room has dropped sharply.

Keep an eye on overgrown branches. All excess shoots must be removed.

You can propagate a tree with the help of vaccinations, or by buying a seedling in a nursery.

Although you know in theory how to grow a peach from a stone, the photo will show in more detail what should happen.

infections

Growing a plant like a peach is difficult. The tree is highly susceptible to the following fungal diseases:

1. Gray fruit rot. Just such an infection occurs only on stone fruit trees. The disease can be recognized by the rotting of the fruit and the drying of new shoots. To protect trees, keep pruning infected branches. Bad fruits and leaves should be removed. All are burned.
2. Powdery mildew. This disease can be recognized by white bloom, which appears on branches, leaves and the peaches themselves. The struggle for a healthy tree is carried out similarly to the previous method.
3. Leaf curl. This disease likes to appear and multiply in the cool and damp season. Mostly branches and leaves suffer from the disease. The latter begin to gradually curl and fall off. For the prevention and treatment of infection, it is worth using Bordeaux liquid. She needs to spray three times throughout the season.
4. Clusterosporiasis. Manifested fungal disease as dark spots on the leaves. As a rule, young inflorescences suffer from infection. You can prevent the disease by spraying Bordeaux liquid.

Now you know not only how to grow a peach from a seed, but also how to treat it.

Finally

We answered your main question, how to grow a peach from a stone. The plant can be indoors and outdoors. Most importantly, remember that the peach tree is thermophilic and does not tolerate severe frosts. It is suitable for cultivation only in certain climatic conditions in compliance with all the rules for care.

Growing exotic tropical trees such as orange, kiwi, pomegranate is becoming more and more fashionable among amateur gardeners. They are trying to "domesticate" other crops, such as peach. But going to the store for such a tree is useless. The only way to acquire them is to grow them from the seed yourself. There is nothing difficult in this, the grower will only need desire, a little patience and the ability to follow the rules and recommendations exactly. The process is laborious, but very interesting.

Selection of planting material

There is hardly a person who would not like peaches. That is why more and more flower growers, partly following fashion trends, trying to grow a fruit-bearing tree on their windowsill. But just sticking a peach pit into the ground and expecting a harvest would be at least naive. The procedure is much more complicated, it requires preliminary preparation, the ability to act according to these recommendations, the availability of free time and, of course, desire.

Growing a fruit-bearing peach tree at home is quite a task even for a not too experienced gardener.

Extracting seeds from store-bought peaches and planting them is useless. There will definitely be no shootouts. The fact is that these fruits are grown very far from Russia (Spain, China, Thailand, Turkey). In order for the crop to safely endure transportation, the fruits are harvested long before the onset of not only biological, but also technical maturity, almost green. In addition, for better preservation and extension of the shelf life, peaches are treated with chemicals. The seeds inside the seeds simply do not have time to ripen, it makes no sense to talk about germination. And the drugs used contribute to the fact that the shell becomes very fragile, breaks easily, bursts in half. By the way, such fruits are not recommended.

Shop-bought peaches cannot be used to obtain planting material.

Only peach seeds grown in local farms, on private farms, have a chance to germinate. garden plots. Therefore, for planting material you need to go to markets, agricultural fairs, to neighbors in the country, and so on. But even the “right” fruit does not guarantee success. Practice shows that, on average, one seed out of four sprouts, and a significant part of the seedlings die within two to three months after germination. Therefore, it is advisable to stock up on planting material in excess.

Seedlings at home give only peach seeds taken from the tree after reaching full maturity.

It is also advisable to ask the seller if the peach tree has been grafted. In own-rooted plants, "descendants" fully inherit the varietal characteristics of the "parent". And the germination of seeds extracted from grafted peaches is a kind of lottery. Until the first harvest, no one can tell what the fruits will be.

Even if you can’t get peach fruits at home, you will get a wonderful interior decoration - this tree blooms very beautifully

In principle, peaches of any variety ripen at home. But if you have a choice, you should give preference to those that are characterized by short stature, early maturity and the ability to self-pollinate. From cultivated in Russia and countries former USSR, fully correspond to these characteristics of the varieties Pineapple, Krasnodar, Kyiv, Mignon early, Redhaven.

Redhaven peach is an old well-deserved hybrid bred in the USA, it is quite suitable for growing at home

Video: is it possible to grow a peach from a stone at home

Planting seeds and preparing for it

Peach seeds definitely require pre-planting preparation. There are several ways, differing in duration, labor costs and efficiency. The fruits from which the stones are removed must be overripe, but at the same time absolutely healthy, without the slightest suspicious symptoms indicating the development of pathogenic fungi, viruses, bacteria or traces resembling damage left by insects.

Stratification

Stratification or so-called cold way- the most common variant of preplant preparation. Its essence is to simulate "winter" for seeds, creating conditions as close as possible to natural ones. In this case, the natural mechanism for preparing the seed for germination is launched, chemical reactions begin, in the process complex organic compounds decompose into simple components, which the fetus is able to use for nutrition and assimilate.

In order for the stratification to be successful, the peach pits must be thoroughly cleaned of pulp particles.

In addition to low temperature (2-5ºС) in order for stratification to be successful, peach seeds need to provide good aeration and high humidity (70% or more). You can put them, for example, in the refrigerator, in a special compartment for storing vegetables and fruits. And also a good solution - a cellar or basement. If the winter is expected to be warm and snowy, the container is simply added dropwise in the garden. They begin preparations in mid-autumn, calculating the time so that by the time the seeds sprout, it is still quite cold outside.

The temperature in the vegetable and fruit compartment is optimal for peach pit stratification

The stratification procedure itself looks like this:

1. Shallow containers are filled with coarse river sand or peat chips. Previously, the substrate must be thoroughly washed and disinfected by steaming, calcining in the oven, holding in freezer. Some flower growers recommend sawdust or sphagnum moss as a "primer", but when using them, it is very difficult to provide the required humidity.
2. Peach pits, carefully cleaned of lumps of pulp (the latter can cause the development of rot), are planted in the ground, deepening by 7–9 cm.
3. The container is placed in paper or transparent plastic bag, having made 3-4 holes in it with a knife, and put it in the refrigerator. The condition of the soil is constantly monitored, moistening the soil from a fine spray gun as it dries. If condensation appears, the bag is opened for 5–7 minutes to ventilate.
4. After 10-12 weeks, the seeds will sprout, their shell will open. When this happens, the container is removed from the refrigerator, the peaches are planted in individual pots with a diameter of 7–9 cm. The soil is prepared independently, mixing approximately equal proportions of peat chips, humus and universal soil for indoor plants or leaf ground.
5. Peaches are provided with enough light by placing them on a south or southwest window sill. Do not allow a sharp change in the microclimate. The temperature is raised gradually. For 5-7 days, the seedlings are kept on a glazed loggia, at 10-12ºС. Then they can be brought into the apartment, providing coolness (17-20ºС). All this time, peaches are watered very sparingly, only when the soil dries out.

Seed extraction

The existing bone is simply gently split, removing the seeds. If everything is done correctly, seedlings will appear much earlier than with stratification. But due to the complete lack of hardening, such peaches are especially demanding on the conditions of detention, they need perfect care. Plants do not tolerate even slight fluctuations in temperature, humidity, and so on.

The peach pit is split very carefully so as not to damage the seed, even its shell.

You need to act like this:

1. Peach pits are thoroughly washed and dried for several days, laid out on linen napkins or paper towels. Then they are very carefully broken using a knife and a hammer. Seeds (“kernels”) that have received at least the slightest damage in the process can be immediately thrown away.
2. The extracted seeds are kept in water heated to room temperature for 3-4 days, changing the liquid every morning. They should swell, noticeably increasing in size.
3. When this happens, peach seeds are planted in individual pots, deepening by 4-5 cm. They are created "greenhouse" conditions by tightening the containers polyethylene film covering with glass.
4. Future peaches are provided with bottom heating, darkness, temperature 26–28ºС. Every day for 5-10 minutes, the "greenhouse" is opened for ventilation, while at the same time erasing the accumulated condensate. Moisten the soil very moderately and only when it dries out. High humidity often provokes the development of rot.
5. As soon as sprouts appear, the "shelter" is removed, the containers are exposed to light, providing a "day" lasting at least 12 hours. Requirements for temperature and watering do not change.

The "greenhouse effect" is absolutely necessary in order for the peach seeds extracted from the pits to sprout.

Germination of seeds in natural conditions

The simplest option, requiring minimal cost time and effort. So-called warm way does not require the creation of a special microclimate for seeds. Normal household conditions are enough. The bones extracted from the fruits are simply planted in pots filled with soil and hope for the best. With luck, sprouts will appear in 3-4 months.

Peach seedlings obtained from seeds that have not undergone any preliminary preparation are extremely rare.

You can increase your chances of success by:

1. The bones are placed in the refrigerator for 7-10 days, providing at least a short-term stratification.
2. Then they are soaked for 3-4 hours in a solution of any biostimulant prepared according to the instructions. The most common remedies are Epin, Kornevin, Heteroauxin, potassium humate, succinic acid, aloe juice.
3. Bones are planted in cups filled with universal soil for indoor plants, deepening at least 5 cm. There must be several drainage holes and a layer of expanded clay (or other suitable material) at the bottom, 2–3 cm thick. The soil must first be well moistened.
4. Bones provide the same conditions as described in the previous method. Particular attention should be paid to watering - peach categorically does not tolerate stagnant moisture. When sprouts appear, the containers are transferred to the brightest place in the apartment, providing protection from any drafts and direct sunlight.

Biostimulants used in the process of seed germination have a positive effect on seed germination and strengthen the immunity of future plants

The peach tree does not differ in growth rate. Sometimes it even seems that the seedlings do not develop at all. First, the tree forms the root system, and only then - the aerial part. But then it rapidly starts growing, stretching 45–60 cm in height in 8–10 weeks. The first harvest can be expected 4–5 years after emergence.

A young peach tree does not grow very quickly, but you should not worry about this, it is completely normal for it.

Transplant procedure

The first time a peach tree is transplanted when it reaches a height of 15–20 cm. The soil is prepared independently by mixing peat chips, humus, river sand and ordinary garden soil in a ratio (1:1:1:2).

Flowering and fruiting greatly deplete the plant, so the soil for it must be nutritious, one of its essential components is humus

Too frequent transplantation of the peach tree is not needed. Once every 2-3 years is enough. Some tightness will even benefit the roots, stimulating more abundant flowering. Optimal time for the procedure - early spring (before the start of the active growing season) or the first half of September (when fruiting ends).

For a peach, choose a pot that resembles a bucket in shape. This is still a tree, so its root system is developed. It is best to purchase a ceramic container - it is more stable and provides proper aeration.

In a shallow flat pot, there is simply not enough space for peach roots.

Further care

In nature, peach grows in the tropics. This is what you need to focus on, creating a suitable microclimate for the tree. It is worth listening to its “requirements”, because flowering and fruiting is possible only in optimal or close to them conditions.

Creating the right microclimate

Peach is very photophilous. The plant needs to provide daylight hours lasting 12-14 hours. In most of the territory of Russia, natural light cannot be dispensed with, so you will have to use simple fluorescent or special phytolamps for additional illumination. They are included not only in autumn and winter, but also in summer, in cloudy cool weather.

The LED phytolamp does not consume so much electricity, but it allows you to provide peaches with daylight hours of the desired duration.

A pot with a peach tree is placed near a window facing south or southeast. As a rule, this is the brightest place in the apartment. But a plant, especially a young one, can suffer from burns, so during the period of maximum solar activity it must be shaded, covered with tulle, gauze, paper screen.

The plant is very positive about fresh air, but categorically does not tolerate cold drafts. This must be taken into account when choosing a place in the apartment. In summer, the peach feels great on the loggia, veranda, balcony, in the garden, if it is protected from rain and wind.

Peach is very fond of Fresh air, therefore, if the temperature is right, it is quite possible to take it outside

The optimal temperature varies depending on the stage of development of the plant. He definitely needs a dormant period at 2-5ºС. It lasts from November to early March. Then the temperature is raised to 12-15ºС. Higher rates can cause bud drop. After flowering, the plant needs warmth, but not heat (22-26ºС). Negative temperatures the peach tree will not survive.

Air humidity is not a critical indicator for a peach. He will be quite satisfied with the standard 50-60%, to maintain which in modern apartments no effort is needed. However, in hot weather, the peach won't mind a daily spray. It is also useful for sanitary purposes to wipe the leaves from time to time with a damp sponge or soft cloth, getting rid of dust.

Peach is a moisture-loving plant, but categorically does not tolerate stagnant moisture in a pot. The soil is moistened regularly, allowing it to dry 2–3 cm deep. This is easy to check by sticking a toothpick into the substrate. The intervals between waterings vary depending on what the weather is like outside. In the heat, the peach will have to be watered daily or every two days, the rest of the time - 2-3 times a week (during the ripening of the fruits, you can get by with one). Half an hour after the procedure, be sure to drain excess moisture from the pot.

The plant needs the most abundant watering after leaving the dormant period, when leaf buds begin to “wake up”. As soon as flowering ends and fruit ovaries form, it is reduced. Waterlogging can cause the ovaries to fall and the fruits to crack. During the wintering period, the peach is watered very rarely and moderately, once every 2.5–3 weeks.

Water for irrigation is used soft, heated to room temperature. The one that flows from the tap must be defended for at least a day. Or you can speed up the process of precipitation by adding a few crystals to it citric acid or 2-3 drops of apple cider vinegar.

Rain water, as well as melted spring water, is ideal for watering peach

After each watering, after about half an hour, the soil is loosened. It must not be allowed to turn into a crust on the surface of the soil. This prevents normal aeration of the roots and provokes moisture stagnation.

Flowering and fruiting take a lot of energy from the tree. Therefore, top dressing for peach is strictly required. For this you can also use organic fertilizers based on biohumus, and complex mineral preparations. But also suitable natural remedies- infusions wood ash, nettle leaves, dandelion. Fertilizers are applied every 12–14 days throughout the growing season. At the time of wintering, top dressing is stopped.

Nettle leaf infusion is a natural source of nitrogen and phosphorus, before use it must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:8

Using garden fertilizers(carbamide, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, etc.), when preparing a solution for irrigation, the concentration recommended by the manufacturer is halved. The volume of soil in the pot is limited, because of this, top dressing is not washed out of the soil. Moderate "overfeeding" for a peach is not dangerous - it will only stop bearing fruit, "concentrating" on building up green mass (sometimes such plants are called "fatty"). But regular excess of doses of fertilizer is already intoxication and quite likely death of the plant.

The macro- and microelements most needed for the plant are phosphorus, potassium, calcium and copper. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied only in the spring, they help, after the winter "hibernation", to stimulate the peach to intensively build up green mass. Experienced flower growers to provide it with everything necessary, it is advised to spray the tree once a month and a half, dissolving in a liter warm water soda ash(4-5 g), copper sulfate (1.5-2 g), 2-3 crystals of potassium permanganate and a drop of iodine.

A home-grown peach tree is sensitive to copper deficiency, a solution will help to fill it blue vitriol

A neglected peach tree does not look very attractive and almost always refuses to bear fruit. Therefore, it needs regular pruning. Formation begins in about a year and a half, when the seedling reaches a height of 65–70 cm and several side shoots form on it.

It is on them that the fruits ripen. Therefore, the growth of the tree upwards must be slowed down. In principle, the florist is limited only by the height of the ceilings in own apartment, but practice shows that optimal height peach - 1.5–1.7 m.

The first peach pruning is pinching off the top at the desired height. They do it in the fall. next spring last year's lateral shoots are shortened by 2–3 buds, stimulating more intensive branching. And they also get rid of all poorly located branches directed inward and down the crown. It is recommended to leave 6–8 of the most developed side shoots annually, and cut the rest to the point of growth. Branches older than ten years are also removed; they will no longer bear fruit.

Video: peach pruning rules

How to properly vaccinate

A peach seedling obtained from a stone, if its variety is known, can be used as a graft for garden tree. And sometimes, on the contrary, it is grown as a stock for a varietal cutting. Vaccination is carried out in several ways, but, in any case, the tool used in the process must be disinfected and sharply sharpened. Sterility is also very important. The less the grower touches the cuts, the better.

The most common method, including among gardeners. Best time for the procedure - the beginning of spring. The graft (the part of the plant being grafted) and the rootstock (the plant being grafted) should roughly match in diameter. At the first, the presence of at least three growth buds is mandatory.

Scion and rootstock should be approximately the same diameter, this applies not only to peach

The rootstock tree is cut at a height of 25–30 cm. Perpendicular to the cut plane, a vertical incision is made about 5 mm deep. The base of the scion cutting is cut at an angle on both sides, forming a V-shaped wedge.

To speed up the process, the scion base is soaked for several hours in a solution of any biostimulant prepared according to the instructions. In addition to store-bought drugs (Epin, Zircon, Kornevin), you can use, for example, succinic acid, aloe juice. Practice shows that powder products give much worse results.

Split grafting is the most popular method among gardeners and flower growers, you can graft one or two cuttings at once

The scion wedge is inserted into the split on the rootstock. He must enter there with some effort. Then the entire structure is fixed by wrapping it with plastic wrap, adhesive tape, electrical tape, or coating it with garden pitch. If you do not wrap it tightly enough, the moisture from the tissues will simply evaporate, and the stalk will dry out. When a characteristic “influx” appears on the bark around the graft, called callus by botanists, the film can be removed.

One of the main conditions for the success of vaccination is reliable fixation of the structure.

There are other methods of grafting - combining oblique cuts on the scion and rootstock, grafting on the bark (if it is thick enough). The procedure is not fundamentally different from split vaccination, but the first method at home gives top scores. The latter method is used extremely rarely at home - the process takes a long time, it is highly likely that the grafted cutting will simply break off after removing the polyethylene.

Budding

Budding - somewhat more hard way, requiring the grower to have a certain experience. In fact, this is the same vaccination, but not a whole cutting is used as a scion, but only one growth bud. You can carry out budding at any time.

The kidney is cut along with a layer of tissue 2–3 mm thick and 2.5–3 cm wide (the so-called shield). It is advisable to do this in one motion. In the process, try to touch it as little as possible. The tool used is a scalpel or razor blade.

It is advisable to cut the kidney for budding in one motion, touching it as little as possible with your hands.

Further, on the bark of the rootstock tree, an incision is made in the shape of the letter X or T, 1.5–2 mm deep. If you gently bend the bark, something similar to a pocket is formed. The cut kidney is inserted into it, securely fixed with a strapping. It can be removed when callus forms, indicating that the procedure was successful.

Fixing a kidney on a scion requires the grower to have certain skills, if part of the bark sticks out of the "pocket", this is normal

The result of the procedure will become clear in about 25-30 days. In addition to the formation of callus, the success is indicated by the activation of the growth of the cutting or the "awakening" of the kidney. If this does not happen, the winding is carefully removed, the scion is removed, the vaccination site is disinfected by washing with a 1% solution of copper sulfate, and covered with garden pitch.

A growth bud that has taken root on the rootstock “wakes up” about a month later