Technology of manual cleaning of sewer wells. Cleaning of sewer wells. Why is it needed

An operation such as cleaning sewer wells is especially relevant at the present time. After winter, most of the mud flows and debris accumulate in large sewer wells, which necessitates their timely cleaning and repair.

Over time, on the inner surface of the pipes, various deposits. Because of this, the throughput of the sewer pipe is reduced, which over time will lead to its complete inoperability.

In this case, only an emergency one will help with the help of a special sewage truck. In addition, various pathogenic bacteria will actively multiply in such favorable environment and provoke the appearance bad smell from pipes, as well as their destruction.

Therefore, it is really important to carry out scheduled preventive cleaning of sewer wells from various plantings and impurities.

Application modern technology, which allows you to quickly and easily clean sewer wells, allows you to carry out such operations more and more often.

Today, not only planned cleaning of sewer wells, but also emergency cleaning is a really easy task.

Before starting a sewer flushing operation, a comprehensive analysis of the entire system should be made and the most contaminated and problem areas should be identified.

After that, it is necessary to analyze the results obtained and choose the most appropriate cleaning method, taking into account the specific situation.

So, what are the ways to clean sewer wells and what is included in them? Let's try to consider this issue in more detail.

The main methods of cleaning sewer wells

After any of the above methods of cleaning sewer wells is completed, it is necessary to perform manual cleaning.

Manual cleaning is the last step in the flushing and cleaning of sewage.

It is necessary for a thorough and more comprehensive cleaning of sediments and deposits on pipes after automation. After all, the machine does the main work, not being “distracted” by particulars, while a person can see and remove any trifle. Therefore, this stage is no less important.

Less popular ways to clean sewer wells

Thermal flush. This cleaning method is quite similar to hydrodynamic, but differs from it in that the water supplied under pressure into the sewer pipe has a temperature reaching 160 degrees Celsius.
It allows you to effectively clean pipes from various fatty deposits, but is not so popular due to the complex technical implementation.
Chemical flush. The method is used with the use of potent chemical reagents, also decomposing body fat.
It is also very effective, absolutely harmless to humans, allows you to make pipes absolutely clean, but is of little use due to the high cost of chemicals.

Each method is good in its own way, but it must be chosen depending on the specific situation, which would be effective in this case.

During construction country cottage its owner has a choice of three types of sewage. Regardless of the modification, all three options are based on the construction and arrangement of storage wells, which will have to be cleaned from time to time.

The rational choice of the location of the storage well in a private house is an integral part of the functionality of the structure. When designing sewage wells, cesspools, septic tanks, it is necessary to observe not only regulatory rules, regulating the distance sewage facilities from sources drinking water but also the requirements of common sense.

The septic tank should be located near the driveway, near the fence near the road; next to it, a maneuvering platform should be equipped, free from valuable varieties of shrubs and trees. Sewer wells are pumped out using automotive equipment, so it is necessary to provide in advance the possibility of a three-axle sewage truck. Works on pumping wells, depending on the urgency, are divided into planned and emergency.

In the first case, sewer wells are cleaned according to a certain schedule: once every six months or when the septic tank is filled with wastewater by ¾ of the volume. Periodic pumping at a given interval - pledge long work sewer wells and drainage system in a private house.

Emergency work must be carried out in hopeless situations when the well is filled "under the top cover", household waste compressed by sewage; pipes clog, drains overflow and flood the yard. In this case, as usual, the elimination emergencies requires urgent and costly action.

To limit the throughput of pipes and the storage capacity of wells, not only the overflow of the system with wastewater leads, but also deposits, long time accumulating on the elements of the drainage system.

AT sewer pipes and wells household purpose blockages can form, caused by deposits of acid residues of magnesium, calcium, iron. The longer the system is operated without preventive flushing, the thicker the salt deposits on the walls of the structure.

Another cause of flow disturbance Wastewater are body fat. Fats in solutions, suspensions enter the sewer system continuously: these substances are found in food waste, in water flowing down after bath procedures, from washing dishes. Fat suspensions, mixing with other compounds, settle on the walls of pipes, fittings, wells. At some point, a complete blockage of the system occurs, provoking an emergency.

An important point that allows minimizing the possible deposition of fat emulsions is the technically competent design of water pipes in a private house: observing a slope of 1% when laying sewer system ensures its long-term trouble-free operation.

Well cleaning methods

The clogging of sewer systems, which is inevitable in emergency situations, requires integrated approach to solve the problem: it is necessary to pump out effluents from the well, clean the sewer system inside and outside the house, and carry out (in the most severe cases) chemical cleaning of the surface.

Vacuum plants

Modern technologies allow pumping wastewater from storage systems and cleaning pipes in three ways. The most productive and convenient is vacuum. Its essence lies in the fact that a sewage truck equipped with a vacuum pump pumps out the contents of the well for subsequent disposal outside the site.

Pumping technology does not require special preliminary and related work, the use of complex equipment. Vacuum plants modern type allow you to perform work on cleaning the well in the shortest possible time. The power of the equipment allows you to pump out waste not only from the septic tank shaft, but also from sewer pipes.

Ilososi

The forerunner of vacuum devices is the silo pump. The convenience of technology for cleaning domestic sewer systems in a private house has been tested by time. The method is the most common: you can order an ilosos from the utility company through the local government.

The advantage of silosos is all-season: pumping can be performed at any time of the year. Lack of technology: it can only be used to fulfill the planned regulations: the capacity of the equipment and the equipment of the brigade is insufficient to perform complex emergency work.

Hydrodynamic methods

Cleaning of sewer wells by the hydrodynamic method is carried out with the aim of comprehensive flushing of the entire system in the house. The essence of the method: water is supplied through a hose under high pressure to a multi-channel hydraulic tip. The worker sequentially flushes the elements of the entire sewer system. The pressure of the jet is so high that it allows you to wash not only organic seals that have accumulated in hard-to-reach places, but also clean deposits of inorganic minerals - sand, cement. After cleaning the closed cavities and pipes, additional cleaning is performed: rubbish is removed from the bottom of the well and from adjacent surfaces using a vacuum or manually.

A variation of the hydrodynamic method is thermal hydrotreatment. The method is used in the maintenance of sewer systems of public catering establishments, in factories Food Industry. Pressurized hot water cleans grease and sludge. For thermal hydrotreating use technical means, allowing you to safely control high-pressure equipment: the water temperature in the system reaches 160 ° C. For cleaning domestic household systems, this technology is used in exceptional cases. AT industrial environment it is often combined with by chemical means.

Chemical processing

Chemical cleaning of sewer wells is an effective addition to wastewater pumping technology. With the help of active reagents, they achieve the elimination of those deposits and formations that cannot be removed mechanically. The method has its drawbacks, the main of which is the cost. To strong side method includes the ability to process the walls of wells standing under negative angle, as well as closed pockets and cavities of sewer systems. Besides, chemicals provide neutralization of wastewater spilled on the soil surface.

For chemical cleaning foamed emulsions are used, which have good adhesion and penetrating power. Chemical processing takes time and often multiple treatments. As a result, the sewer system becomes sterile. In most cases, after treatment with chemicals, mechanical cleaning of the system is carried out.

Conclusion

Maintenance of autonomous sewer systems - domestic and industrial - requires periodic manual cleaning. This method is universal for post-treatment and elimination of small local contaminants that block the path to the normal movement of wastewater, as well as for quality control of the work carried out to maintain the efficiency of sewer systems in a private house.

Due to the inability to connect most private houses to the central sewer, their owners are forced to equip autonomous networks. One of the main conditions for the operation of such systems is the periodic cleaning of sewer wells intended for collecting domestic wastewater. Such an event can be performed different ways, which differ in efficiency, labor costs and price.

After entering the well, wastewater undergoes biological processing, as a result of which sludge is formed at the bottom of the tank, and clarified water accumulates on the surface. Over time, sludge accumulations increase in volume, which reduces throughput sump and reduces the overall efficiency of the sewer system. In addition, at high level siltation in the water is formed a large number of harmful microorganisms, which, if released into the soil, can lead to a deterioration in the ecology of the site.

Large silting disrupts the process of water clarification

The frequency of cleaning sewer wells from silt is determined by the nature of the operation of the local sewer. Under some conditions, such an event can be held once every 2-3 years, in others - every quarter.

Note. There are two categories of well cleaning: scheduled and emergency. The planned procedure is carried out after filling the tank with wastewater by 75%, and the emergency procedure in the event of a sharp decrease in the productivity of the treatment plant, as a result of which there was a violation of the sewerage system.

Unfortunately, many people neglect planned cleaning and call for sewers when the well is no longer able to process wastewater. However, it is worth noting that the repair of the sewer system costs the owners of the plots an order of magnitude more expensive than planned preventive measures. Therefore, this issue must be approached responsibly and to prevent the occurrence of emergency situations.

Methods for cleaning sewer wells

There are several options for cleaning a sewer well:

pump out drains with a vacuum pump;
apply hydrodynamic washing;
use chemicals;
remove sludge by hand.

Pumping wastewater with a vacuum pump

To quickly remove sewage, they most often resort to the services of a sewage machine, which consists of a storage tank, vacuum pump and hose. The principle of operation of such equipment is as follows. The pump in a short period of time creates a vacuum in the working chamber. Thus, a pressure difference is formed between the chamber and the sewage tank, due to which the tank is filled with liquid. After complete cleaning of the sewer well, the effluents are transported to a specially designated place and disposed of.

Vacuum pumps, which are used by vacuum trucks, are equipped with special choppers with steel blades. With their help, large solid inclusions are crushed into small parts, which prevents clogging of the equipment.

The type of vacuum pump is selected according to the type car engine. For a diesel engine, a pump with a right-hand rotary rotation is installed, for a carburetor engine - with a left-hand rotation of the rotor.

Hydrodynamic washing

The principle of hydrodynamic flushing of a sewer well is the effect of a strong pressure of water on organic and inorganic deposits formed on the walls and bottom of the sump. Under the influence high pressure solid formations are broken, which often cannot be disposed of using a vacuum pump.

Note. For complex blockages, vacuum cleaning is usually combined with hydrodynamic flushing.

To create the necessary water pressure, special equipment is used. It can be either a compact hydrodynamic unit or a specialized sewer washing machine. This technique is used not only to clean wells, but also to eliminate blockages in sewer pipes.

Hydrodynamic machine for domestic use

One of the variants of the hydrodynamic method is thermal cleaning. In this case, hot water with a temperature of 120-160 °C is supplied under pressure, which significantly increases the efficiency of the process.

The use of chemicals

For old deposits that have already undergone the process of crystallization, the most good decision considered a chemical wash. With the help of reagents, it is possible to clean the sewer well from almost any formations, including fat and salt. The process is based on the effect of foamed chemical composition on the inner surface well, which results in the dissolution of organic and inorganic compounds. It is thanks to the foam that it becomes possible to process walls with a negative plumb line.

In terms of the quality of sewer cleaning chemical method is perhaps the most efficient. However, the high cost of reagents has made it not very popular among private households.

Means for chemical washing sewer wells

Manual cleaning

No matter how effective technical and chemicals, for maximum results, manual cleaning should be used at the final stage. This is the only way to get rid of all contaminants that remain in the tank after vacuum, hydrodynamic or chemical treatment.

Important! The process of biological processing of wastewater is accompanied by the release of harmful gases, so you can only go down into the well in special equipment with the use of respiratory protection.

Manual cleaning produced when a small amount of silt remains at the bottom (up to 1 m³). The precipitate can be removed by any available means. Usually, a bucket and a sapper shovel are used for these purposes.

Cleaning the bottom of the sewer well from silt manually

Any method of removing wastewater from the storage tank requires certain financial and labor costs. Therefore, many are interested in how to reduce the frequency of the cleaning process while maintaining performance characteristics local sewer. We list several popular options for implementing such a task.

Increasing the volume of the well.

The size of the treatment plant is calculated taking into account the number of people living in the house. With an increase in the number of residents, the sump will be filled more intensively, which will increase the frequency of calling vacuum trucks. The way out of this situation is to increase the total volume of the structure by adding another chamber, which is connected to the operated facility using an overflow pipe.

The use of activated sludge.

Activated sludge is a complex of microorganisms that absorb harmful bacteria and accelerate the biochemical processes that occur in wastewater. Feeding on the substances in the effluent, active microorganisms contribute to the rapid processing of suspended particles and more efficient water clarification.

Acquisition of a biological treatment plant.

Without a doubt, this is the most expensive option. However, unlike standard sewer wells, here wastewater treatment takes place at the maximum possible level. As a result of the action of aerobic bacteria, almost all harmful substances, so the purified water can be safely used for irrigation of the site.

The use of a deep cleaning station significantly reduces the frequency of calling vacuum trucks

Whatever arrangement option autonomous sewerage no matter how chosen, do not ignore preventive measures. Timely appeal to professionals will prevent the occurrence of emergencies and save money in the family budget.

Regular cleaning of sewer wells is a must. It is recommended to carry out it either as needed, in particular, after the end of winter period or at intervals of six months. Modern technical capabilities allow you to quickly and economically carry out not only preventive, but also emergency cleaning of wells. And in this article we will take a closer look at how to clean the sewer well.

Cleaning frequency

The required number of cleaning measures is determined taking into account local conditions. In one case, it is enough to carry them out once every few years, in the other - 2-3 times a year. For example, if in rain networks precipitation accumulates mainly in low-rainy seasons, then in public collectors this almost always happens. Due to prolonged downpours or spring snowmelt, precipitation can be partially or completely washed away.

This recommendation is dictated by purely practical considerations. Due to the accumulated debris, it not only gets dirty, but can also become clogged. This can lead to a significant malfunction in the sewer system. In addition, with irregular cleaning in the wells, various microbial organisms accumulate. If they are not removed in a timely manner, they can provoke the development of mold and decay processes inside engineering structures, not to mention the possible occurrence of various infectious diseases.

Methods for cleaning wells using equipment

Currently, the following cleaning methods are used:

cleaning with an ilososa;
vacuum pumping;
hydrodynamic cleaning;
chemical washing;
thermal washing.

Cleaning with an ilosos

In terms of convenience and efficiency, the most the best option is the use of an ilosos. This equipment is intended for carrying out sewage works. Its design includes a tank and a vacuum pump. One of the advantages of this method is the possibility of its operation in any season. Ilosos are widely used for various kinds cleaning and preventive works, including for removal of silt from concrete and networks, settling tanks of treatment facilities, septic tanks, as well as for transportation of liquid waste.

vacuum pumping

This method includes cleaning the well and pumping out wastewater using a powerful vacuum pump. The waste is then collected and disposed of. This species complies with environmental safety standards and is effective way maintaining optimal sanitary conditions.

Pro tip:

To ensure the stable operation of the sewer system, prevent emergencies, as well as maintain required level sanitation requires that sewer wells be pumped out regularly.

Hydrodynamic cleaning

The principle of operation of hydrodynamic cleaning is to flush waste from the inner walls of the sewer well with a strong pressure of water. Thus, any blockages, organic and inorganic, can be eliminated. After the flush is completed, the waste is collected and disposed of.

One or two machines can be used to carry out this cleaning, depending on the amount of deposits:

the first is a sewer washing machine;
the second is the ilosos.

The use of the latter is appropriate for large volumes silt. To illustrate the need to use the ilosos, consider two examples:

Example No. 1: a pipe with a diameter of 500 mm and a length of 100 m is heavily clogged. The volume of precipitation averages 200 cubic meters. m. To eliminate them, silosos is required.
Example No. 2: a pipe with a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 100 m contains 2 cubic meters. m of precipitation. Naturally, in this case, you can remove the blockage manually.

Pro tip:

Hydrodynamic cleaning is universal, but its effectiveness is achieved only in the case of regular cleaning work. This allows you to ensure the smooth operation of the system and prevent emergencies.

Chemical flush

This method involves the use of potent chemicals. With their help, it is possible to soften and transform condensate deposits. various origins, including saline, into a dissolved state. The process is carried out using special equipment and a foamed chemical composition. The latter makes it possible to effectively treat surfaces with a negative plumb line and to concentrate the impact of reagents in a targeted manner. In addition, the foam also creates the effect of mechanical action.

Chemical cleaning of sewer wells is very effective and environmentally friendly, but due to its high cost it is rarely used.

Thermal flush

According to its principle of operation, this method resembles hydrodynamic cleaning. But him fundamental feature is the use of pressure hot water. The water temperature can range from 120 to 160 degrees. An indispensable condition for the effectiveness of this method is its regular implementation. It is noteworthy that, in combination with thermal and chemical washing, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the latter several times.

Water flushing household network

In some cases, when there are small deposits in the household network, it is enough to rinse it with waste water. To do this, the opening of the manhole is closed with a cork, and a certain amount of water is poured on top. Thus, the necessary pressure is created, and after the cork is pulled out, the water flow rushes into the well at high speed, washing it.

Regardless of how any cleaning was carried out, plastic or, the final step is always manual processing. Its necessity is due to the fact that any equipment performs only common work without concentrating on particulars, so manual control cleaning is required to ensure maximum performance.

In conclusion, it must be added that often preventive measures to prevent blockages are either ignored, or they simply do not have enough funds. As a result, this leads to emergencies. Various deposits accumulate in the pipeline, gradually reducing the throughput. This leads to a decrease in its functioning and in some cases to its complete failure. It follows from this that the timely cleaning of sewer wells is a mandatory and indispensable condition for ensuring the stable operation of the entire system.

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