Easy care for strawberries. Care for strawberries in spring after winter. Weeding strawberry beds
Strawberries are one of the most beloved and always desired berries on our tables. Being engaged in its breeding, you need to take into account some subtleties seasonal care behind the plant, then the safety of the bushes and the yield are guaranteed.
Did you know? Strawberries are a healthy treat. Contains vitamins C, E, P, salicylic, oxalic, folic acid, carotene, potassium, calcium, fluorine, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, zinc, iodine, chromium. All these vitamins and micro-, macroelements are involved in metabolic processes in the body, are responsible for the formation of immunity and the health of the nervous system.
This article will talk about the agricultural technology of strawberries and the features of caring for them in the spring, based on the advice of experienced gardeners.
How to care for strawberries in spring
Winter is over, the snow has melted, strawberries have appeared on the beds, the care of which, although simple in spring, is necessary for the bushes to start growing after hibernation. Let's take a closer look at how to care for strawberries in the spring in order to harvest in the summer good harvest.
Cleaning strawberries from garbage
Before you process and feed the strawberries in the spring, you need to clear them of litter, thin out, cut, and, if necessary, transplant. 
They clean the strawberries from last year's foliage, if you did not do this in the fall, or the one that froze in the winter. It is necessary to collect the old mulch, cut off or cut off all the withered antennae, shoots, peduncles and leaves - everything is removed, leaving only a bush with a few green leaves. If there are basal leaves (which spread along the ground) - they are also removed. The collected rubbish is thrown away or burned.
Important! Care for strawberries after winter always start with clearing. The more carefully you remove all dead parts from the bush, the better and friendlier the growth and fruiting will be in the end. In addition, by removing garbage from the garden, you destroy the pests that have survived in it over the winter, thereby preventing plant diseases.
Thinning, pruning, transplanting
With dense foliage, it is thinned out, several leaves are cut off - this is in order to provide maximum sunlight the rest. Basal leaves are also removed. It is also necessary to remove the sockets that began to develop in the winter. Pruning is done with secateurs, you can use ordinary sharp scissors. From the 3-4th year of growth, with active growth, the yield of strawberries decreases, so it needs to be planted - take young shoots from the mother bushes and plant them in another place. Transplantation is carried out around the beginning - mid-May. Seedlings from mother bushes should have healthy strong stems and leaves, developed roots. They are carefully removed from mother bush, antennae are removed, too long root processes are shortened and planted in a new place. Before planting, it is desirable to treat the roots with a growth preparation (Kornevin, etc.).
A plot for seedlings is prepared in 1-1.5 months. - introduce organic matter or mineral fertilizers, dig deep, level, sprinkle wood chips, sawdust, covered with a film or agrospan. The day for planting is chosen not hot, cloudy, calm. Optimal Distance between bushes - 25-35 cm, between rows - 45-65 cm. The soil is well moistened and the seedling is planted at ¼ height so that the "heart" remains completely above the ground. Planted bushes are watered and mulched.
Important! Only fresh shoots are transplanted. They cannot be stored.
Mulching is also the care of strawberries in the spring, until top dressing is applied. In addition to the fact that mulch retards the growth of weeds and eliminates the need for loosening after watering, it will maintain sufficient soil moisture until the flowering phase and prevent it from overheating. For mulch take peat, sawdust, straw, needles.
Did you know? It is advisable not to use hay, sunflower husks, buckwheat, rice - they quickly cake and dry out.
Mulch should also be added under the bushes when the ovary appears - the litter will protect the berries from dirt and decay during watering from contact with wet soil.
Spring feeding and watering strawberries
Caring for strawberries in the spring is also a mandatory top dressing after winter. At the same time, they also monitor the correct watering of the beds.
How often and how plentiful to water strawberries in spring
In dry weather, water up to 4-5 times a week. If it rains periodically, then, of course, less. Strawberries need constant moisture, but not excessive. Moreover, in the vegetation phase (before flowering), the bushes are watered over the foliage, and when flowers appear, under the root or between the rows.
Important! Do not use for watering cold water from a well, a well - let the collected water stand or heat it to slightly warm.
Watered late in the evening and in the morning (preferably before sunrise). After - be sure to loosen.
Features of spring feeding strawberries
Strawberries have their own peculiarities of spring care: they are fed twice during the spring.
When to Fertilize Strawberries in the Spring
Fertilize strawberries after spring clearing and pruning, then - during the flowering period. To the question of what fertilizers are needed for strawberries in the spring, then these should be top dressings that give maximum growth and development to the plant.
How to fertilize strawberries in spring Use organic and mineral compositions. Suitable litter, mullein - 30 g / 10 l of water, nitroammophoska, potassium or ammonium nitrate - 25-30 g / 10 l of water, etc.
When deciding what else to feed strawberries in the spring, you can try folk remedies- for example, yeast.
Did you know? Yeast is rich in protein (amino acids), carbohydrates (glycogen, polysaccharides), vitamins, and nitrogen. Contain phosphoric acid, potassium, zinc, iodine, iron, lipids.
There are several ways to feed strawberries in the spring with yeast. Most best option- 500 g of pressed non-dry yeast per 2.5 liters of water. It is necessary to thoroughly dissolve the yeast in this volume, and then add another 5 liters of water to the solution and mix again. You can add 80-100 g of sugar to the resulting mass and let it brew for 1.5-2 hours before watering.
Treatment of strawberries from diseases and pests
Before processing strawberries in the spring, make sure once again that you cut off all diseased leaves and that all shoots, stems of the plant are healthy. Because the first spring treatment is preventive, and all diseased parts of the plants must be identified and destroyed in order to prevent the spread of the disease to the entire planting.
Having planted strawberries in his garden, the gardener understands that it is possible to get a good harvest of berries only with timely and sufficient care. Care work for strawberry plantings begins in early spring and continues throughout the year. Let's find out more
How to care for strawberries
Timing
The timing of the start of work in each climatic zone is different. In the southern regions, already at the beginning of March, the snow completely melts, the earth on the beds has dried up, you can start processing.
In the Middle lane at this time there is still snow, but it is already possible to start caring for strawberries. To do this, snow on strawberry beds can be sprinkled with some dark powder: coal dust, peat or ash. This will melt the snow earlier.
And if the snow on the plantings of strawberries is sprinkled with dry powder of potassium permanganate, then we get a triple effect: the snow will melt earlier, the plantings will receive their favorite top dressing and no one has canceled the disinfecting properties of potassium permanganate.
After that, wire arcs are installed over the plantings of strawberries and covering material is thrown over them. This will allow you to get ripe berries another week earlier.
In the Urals and Siberia, the processing of berries is started even later, in early - mid-April.
Strawberries can be considered evergreen, even under the snow, green leaves remain on it. The root system begins to work when the soil warms up to + 2-3 degrees. Already at this time, new, green leaves begin to appear.
This is what strawberries look like in spring after the snow melts
Start processing berry plantation stands when the soil has dried out to such an extent that you can walk on it and not fall through.
What to do in early spring:
Transplanting old bushes
Most right time for transplanting strawberry bushes - a period of rapid growth of greenery. At the same time, actively growing and root system, which means that a slight damage to the roots during transplantation will be painless.
Choosing suitable for transplantation, berry bushes carefully inspect, evaluate their condition. If there are no young leaves on the strawberry bush, a bush of gray or Brown color means that the plant either died or was damaged by a disease, and it is definitely not suitable for transplanting.
It must be removed from the garden, and preferably with a small clod of earth - soil pests may be present in the root layer of the soil.
After transplanting, the bushes need to be watered and mulched or covered with a thin covering material from above. Separately, it must be said about the transplantation of beardless varieties of strawberries. Mustaches do not grow on such varieties, they multiply by dividing the bush. New horns grow from the lateral buds, which take root, buds form on them. Once every 2-3 years they have to be divided. The bush is dug out entirely and divided into parts with secateurs. Each division must have a central bud and a root system. From one old bush, several new, young seedlings are obtained.
Watering
In different periods of growth, the need for moisture in strawberry plants is different. In the spring, with the beginning of growth, the plants spend the first watering. Before flowering, moisture retention is carried out - loosening the soil, retaining the available moisture.
Watering strawberry bushes in spring The following waterings are needed during flowering, during the filling of the ovaries and after harvesting. The last moisture-charging watering is carried out shortly before stable frosts.
Humidity of medium loamy and clay soils approximately can be determined without departing from the garden. To do this, it is enough to squeeze in a fist a sample of soil taken from different depths from the surface up to 30 cm.
At the stage of berry ripening, the need for watering is checked as follows. If, after unclenching the hand, a soil sample taken from a depth of 30 cm crumbles into pieces larger than pine nuts watering is not required.
In other periods of bush development, watering is carried out if the soil sample breaks up into smaller particles.
The amount of water poured out is necessary so that the soil gets wet up to 40 cm deep. After 2-3 days, it is worth checking the level of humidity at this depth. It should be excellent or good - the soil lump after unclenching the hand should not crumble or even stick a little to the palm of your hand.
Top dressing with organic fertilizers
For the growth and development of a strawberry plantation, fertilizers are required less than for growing vegetables or other berries. The main part of organic fertilizers is applied when planting. The next time fertilizers are applied after harvesting, in the second year of life. At this time, 10 g of ammonium sulfate, 6 g of potassium salt and 10 g of superphosphate are added to the previously introduced organic matter per 1 m2. On the next year such a mixture is replaced by nitrophoska 10-20 g per 1 m2.
Nitrogen fertilizer applied in spring accelerates plant growth, after harvest increases the number of planted flower buds for the next harvest. Top dressing with phosphorus and potassium in the second half of summer - early autumn will increase the winter hardiness of strawberries.
For fertilizing strawberry bushes, slurry is used. The first time it is applied before flowering, the second - after harvesting the berries. It is necessary to apply this fertilizer in a diluted form, in the proportion of 1 part of slurry in 4-5 parts of water. Bird droppings are bred more strongly - 1 to 10-12.
The technology is as follows: 4 buckets of mullein are added to 100 liters of water. The resulting mixture ferments for 2-3 days. The resulting solution is diluted another 4-5 times. The resulting liquid fertilizer is applied to the furrows between the rows. For 3-4 running meters use 1 bucket of solution. Such fertilizer is applied only to well-wetted soil - after watering or heavy rain.
Dry bird droppings can be scattered on the soil surface 200-300 g per 1 m2.
When applying any fertilizer, it is necessary to ensure that they do not get on the leaves, in the axils of the leaves and on the heart.
Pest control and disease prevention
Pests
The main pest of strawberry plantings is considered raspberry-strawberry weevil. This beetle is grayish-black, up to 3mm in size. Harm is caused by white larvae with a yellow head, half-bent and legless. They eat away the core of the flower, it dries up and falls off. I think the picture is familiar to many.
You can fight this pest either by scaring it away with the smell of garlic, or by trapping it with a narrow throat on a fermented yeast solution.
To prevent this malicious beetle from settling in a strawberry garden, garlic cloves are planted between strawberry bushes. For 4 bushes 1 garlic plant.
With the onset of flowering, several leaves of garlic are cut and ground into gruel every day, creating a garlic smell that repels the pest. An infusion of 150 g of chopped garlic in 10 liters of water will create the desired smell. Insist day, sprayed in the evening. The smells of marigolds, marigolds and nasturtium act in the same way.
The number of wintering pests is greatly reduced by autumn digging of the soil.
A pest trap is made from a bottle with a narrow neck, into which a solution of yeast is poured: 100 g of sugar and 50 g of yeast are diluted in 0.5 liters of water, left until foam appears. Weevils get into the bottle, but they cannot get out. During the entire flowering period, the solution is changed every 2-3 days.
These are small worms, up to 1 mm long. You can learn about the appearance of this pest by the appearance of deformed, twisted leaves on short petioles. Thickened stems and internodes appear, the affected bushes do not bear fruit, the berries are small and deformed. Represents a great danger, because. spreads very quickly.
The main thing in the fight against nematodes is prevention. Only healthy seedlings should be planted on the ridge. Shortly before planting, the roots of the seedlings are placed in hot water for 10 minutes, with a temperature not exceeding 46 ° C, and then in cold water for 15 minutes. Returning the old place of growing strawberries is not earlier than after 7 years - so many pests can remain in the ground. Plants showing signs of this pest are removed and burned.
strawberry mite. Another dangerous pest strawberry plantations. It damages the leaves of the plant, sucking out the cell sap from them. The leaves become oily and wrinkled, the berries become smaller. 
To combat the mite, seedlings are treated with water before planting. hot water and cool in the cold, as in the fight against the nematode. Already growing bushes are treated with colloidal sulfur, Karbofos or Nero. Heavily infected plantings are destroyed.
spider mite. The presence of this pest is detected by the appearance of cobwebs and yellowing of strawberry leaves. To combat it, you need to wait until the last harvest, and then spray it with an infusion of onions or garlic: 200-300 grams of chopped raw materials are infused for a day in 10 liters of water. The resulting infusion is filtered and used. From a fresh infusion, ticks die within 24 hours. The processing effect will be enhanced if covered with a film for this planting time. 
Diseases
powdery mildew. This disease affects the entire aerial part of the bush. The leaves are covered with powdery coating, twisted, turn purple. The fruits acquire ugly shapes, the taste and smell of mushrooms. To combat this scourge, a copper-soap emulsion is suitable, which is prepared from 15 liters of water, 30 g of soap and blue vitriol or solution ammonium nitrate 10g per bucket of water. 
Gray rot . From this fungal disease you can lose up to 80% of the crop. Spots with a fluffy coating appear on the berries. The berries dry, the leaves turn brown, the stalks and ovaries dry.
To combat this disease, they fight weeds, observe crop rotation, and destroy diseased parts of the plant. Immediately after the snow melts, the plantings are treated with 4% Bordeaux mixture. The soil must be mulched with fresh material - chopped straw or pine needles. 
White leaf spot. Symptoms of the disease are purple and brown spots on the leaves. It is necessary to fight this fungal disease by timely cleaning the plantations from last year's leaves, treating the plantings with Bordeaux mixture, and not thickening the beds with strawberries. 
Strawberries have enough diseases and pests, but the ways to prevent their occurrence are simple and few:
- process acquired seedlings of strawberries before planting and after planting,
- purchase seedlings in proven places,
- observe crop rotation, change the place of growing strawberries more often,
- destroy weeds and diseased plants,
- plant near the beds and between the rows of grass that repels pests, enriches the soil and attracts beneficial insects.
Preventive work will take less time and effort than the fight against insects and diseases.
Video - care for strawberries in early spring
I wish you a rich harvest of berries!
Sincerely, Sofia Guseva.
Even professional gardeners they say that it is quite difficult to care for strawberries and strawberries, because these berries are very capricious. This includes difficulties with weeding, trimming the mustache of a plant with garden shears, removing old or diseased leaves, small berries. There can be a lot of problems. But if you know the main points of care, you will get tasty and ripe large berries, from which you will cook jam and make compotes.
The most difficult thing is precisely the early departure, since 80% of the success of the harvest depends on your actions during this period. After you put the beds in order, you need to make sure that the bushes remain healthy and the soil is cleared of weeds. And all that remains is to prepare the garden for the “meeting” with the new season.
Recovery after winter - bring back to life
First of all, you need to clean the bushes from dead and dry leaves, and the frozen plants must be removed immediately. top we remove the soil with a shovel to a depth of 3 cm, which will get rid of some of the pests that hibernate in the ground. In addition, you will provide sunlight access to the root system. You should not make one of the common mistakes - do not add thick layer soil under each bush, otherwise the roots will grow very slowly, which will lead to a late ripening of the crop.
Spring care also includes fertilizing and mulching the bushes:
- After you loosen the soil, sprinkle the beds with sawdust or fine straw, feeding the plant with nitrogen supplements;
- After the appearance of the leaves, we put a solution of mullein and ammonium sulfate under the bushes;
- In May, we feed with mineral fertilizers;
- Preventing the appearance of pests and diseases, before bud break, we process the plant with a spray filled with copper sulphate.
Video: How to clean the beds after wintering
Also, remember to burn them after collecting old mustaches and leaves, which will reduce the risk of disease. You need to water the bushes once a week in the morning, using lightly warm water. Before the plant begins to be covered with small flowers, you can use the sprinkling method, but when flowers and berries appear on the strawberries, it is desirable that water does not fall on the bushes during irrigation. It is also worth making sure that the bed is rid of weeds.
To do this, it is better to mulch with sawdust - it will be quite difficult for weeds to germinate through them, while water and fertilizers can freely enter the roots of plants. Also, be sure to ensure that water does not accumulate on the beds, since its excess can lead to rotting of the mustache and leaves, which means that the entire bush can die.
Video: Feeding strawberries
AT spring time the process of care is to comply with measures that are aimed at reducing the risk of disease manifestations, for which the soil is sprayed near each bush Bordeaux liquid. It is advisable to observe the following proportions: for 10 liters of water we take 350 g of quicklime and copper sulfate. Strawberry bushes, excessively deepened into the ground, should be slightly raised above the ground using a scoop, so that the "heart" of the plant is located at ground level. Weak or frozen plants are burned to prevent fungus and other diseases.
Care also provides for loosening the soil, while work should be carried out immediately after the snow melts. Loosening - required process, which is aimed at providing the roots of the plant with air, along with this, the places where pests "hibernate" are also destroyed. The soil is loosened to a depth of about three centimeters near each strawberry bush, but before that it is necessary to feed the strawberries with any of the following compositions, such as:
- bird droppings;
- slurry;
- Wood ash.
By the way, when caring for strawberries or strawberries in the spring, many gardeners try not to use sawdust due to their acidity, because with an increase in pH, the green part of the plants will begin to turn pale, which indicates a lack of nitrogen in the soil. To prevent this, it is necessary to sprinkle them with ground chalk or lime on top.
Video: Strawberry Care
Getting ready for winter, or how to get a rich harvest next year
After you have collected the last crop from the bushes, we proceed to trim the tendrils and leaves, preparing the plants for wintering. is as follows: for all the bushes in the garden, we remove the leaves and mustaches located at a distance of up to 10 cm above the ground level, in order to eventually get one stem. You should not be afraid - young shoots will appear on them before frost, and the plant itself will become stronger and more stable, which means that it will be able to survive the winter.
You can leave one mustache suitable for breeding, for which we dig a "socket" into the ground - in the future a new bush will appear from it, from which it will be possible to harvest a good harvest.
If you “renew” strawberries and strawberries in this way every few years, you can achieve constant harvest, and when using the additives that we talked about today, there is a great chance to increase the yield by 15-20%. Next, we spray the cut bushes with drugs for diseases, and the bushes will also be “defeated”. Prepared plants at the end of October or November are re-mulched with sawdust with a layer of up to 5 cm, the main thing is not to fill the bushes completely - they will become the “spread” that protects the plants from frost.
In this article, we will consider in detail the factors on how to care for strawberries in the spring so that there is a good harvest. We will pay special attention to caring for the berry not only in spring, but also in other periods. Strawberries among gardeners are considered a capricious berry and require constant attention.
So, for example, a strawberry needs to constantly cut off its antennae, remove old leaves and small berries. You also need to remove watery berries in time, which will not ripen, but will deprive the bush of a certain amount nutrients. So, let's consider the basic rules that include caring for strawberries in the spring and, of course, summer. There will be a lot of berries to eat and to cook for the winter.
Recovery after winter
In the spring, strawberry care is the most time-consuming, but it is important not to miss this stage in order to eventually harvest a good harvest. You will find a lot of interesting things about how to care for strawberries in spring so that there is a good harvest on the video, but the main aspects will, of course, be described in this material.
Strawberry beds after spring need to be put in order. The land must be moist and clean, all weeds must be removed, but after harvesting, the bushes must be prepared for winter. It is clear that each stage requires certain knowledge and skills. When strawberry bushes thaw after winter, you need to clean them from dry leaves, from dried leaves. If the plant is frozen and it can be seen even with the naked eye, then it should be removed.
The top layer of soil, which was mulched in the fall, must be removed up to three centimeters. This is done in order to reduce the number of pests that could winter here. Plus, this removal of the top layer will give the sun's rays access to the roots and they will warm up faster.
Advice! Often beginner gardeners allow serious mistake- they pour a thick layer of earth under each bush in the spring and as a result, the roots need too much time to warm up and start growing. As a result, the berries ripen in late deadline They are smaller and not as sweet.
Mulching and fertilizing strawberries in spring:
When the soil is loose, you will need to sprinkle the beds with sawdust (you can also use fine straw, peat crumbs and humus). Plus, each bush is fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers.
When the first new leaves appear on the bushes, you will need to add a solution of mullein to the soil by adding ammonium sulfate.
Complex mineral fertilizers are used to feed strawberries in early May.
Advice! To reduce the likelihood of various diseases, the bushes will need to be sprayed around using a solution of copper sulfate. It is only important to do this before the buds open.
Concerning proper watering, then this is done only once a week. It is only important to water the bushes in the morning and that the water is warm. Until the flowering of the bushes, you can water them with rainwater, but when the flowers and berries appear, then make sure that the water does not fall on the plant. There should be no weeds on the beds.
How to fertilize strawberries in spring
In the matter of how to care for strawberries in the spring, so that there is a good harvest, so that the berries are, as in the photo, special attention should be paid. spring processing bushes, in the first place - this is exactly top dressing, which can give the bushes strength for active new growth after a difficult and long winter. Strawberry bushes will definitely not have enough top dressing made in the fall.
If you know the basics the right fertilizer strawberries in the spring, then it will be possible to grow a rich harvest of sweet and delicious berries. It should only be emphasized that the strawberries of the first year are not fertilized, but remontant strawberries need constant seasonal top dressing. The first feeding of strawberries is carried out already at the end of April, when a positive temperature is set outside the window (several new leaves should already appear on the bushes by this time). Feed during this period with ready-made complex fertilizers.
If the gardener is just starting to grow strawberries, then ready-made mineral fertilizers can be safely used for top dressing in the spring. They will contain everything that the bushes need for full growth and development. Top dressing should be applied in the spring, and then after harvesting the berries. It is important to take no more than 20-30 grams of fertilizer per square meter landing.
Reviews on how to care for strawberries in the spring so that there is a good harvest
Margarita Stepanovka, 61 years old:“For how many years in a row I have been using only spring organic fertilizers for my strawberries. Ordinary chicken manure in composition, it almost completely repeats mineral fertilizers, but it doesn’t cost me anything, because I keep chickens in my backyard. It is only important to make the litter not dry, but dilute it with water beforehand. I take a twentieth of fresh manure and dilute it with liquid, then use 500 ml of the solution to water each bush. Do not bring in fresh dry manure, it can cause burns to the bush.
Summer care for strawberries
When in spring everything necessary measures carried out, then in the summer care for the bushes will be minimal. It is necessary to carry out regular weeding from drafts, water the bushes once a week. Also, periodically, plants should be inspected for signs of disease or pest activity.
Important! If during the inspection of strawberry bushes damaged parts are found, then they must be promptly removed.
When the first berries begin to set in the summer, it is recommended to pour sawdust or straw under the bush. This will avoid contamination of the berries with soil, and will also provide them with an even distribution of the surface on which they grow, but do not rot.
Advice! Ripe berries from the bushes should be collected regularly. Correctly pluck each strawberry along with the stalk.
If it rains constantly in the summer, then the strawberries will have to be hidden under the film. Because, waterlogging for the bushes is detrimental, various diseases can develop, and the berries themselves will taste watery.
About preparing for winter
When the last berries are harvested, it is important to trim the tendrils and leaves so that the plant can winter well. All leaves are cut at a distance of up to 10 cm from the surface of the earth. Only the stem should remain from strawberries, but do not worry: this way the plant will better endure the winter. Beautiful .
Be sure to immediately spray the cut bushes with pest and disease agents, conduct an additional mineral supplement. How to care for strawberries in the spring so that there is a good harvest, they told you in detail in this material. As you can see, the main chores will be at the beginning of spring, and then the bushes need to be provided with traditional care.