Fasteners - Hardware

The attitude towards fasteners is far from always fair, although their role in the reliability of the structure is enormous. Any specialist knows that the reliability of fastening the shelf and the safety of the items on it, especially dishes, depend on the nail in the wall of the kitchen. Without a normal screw, a stool or chair will fall apart very quickly, let alone safety scaffolding do not have to speak.

Fasteners are equally necessary and just as important for builders, carpenters, repairmen, and for home craftsmen who like to experiment, complementing the interior of a home. original products or doing repairs on your own.

The most important factor is correct use fasteners, depending on the task. For optimal selection necessary general idea about these products, features and applications.

metal classic

The largest group of fasteners consists of hardware (" metal products"). It is represented by screws, screws, brackets, pins, bolts, and many others.

A common feature is the method of fastening parts with hardware - by placing them in specially prepared holes (for example, pins, bolts), some of the fasteners of this group make recesses themselves (nails, staples). Due to its resistance to deformation and strength, this group is widely used in the manufacture of products from wood, stone, metal, and plastic. Most fasteners from this group have been known to mankind since time immemorial and have not lost their significance even in the 21st century.

Below are the most common types of fasteners, widely used for domestic needs and in professional areas.

Probably the most common and popular type of fastener, widely used in many industries, from shoe repair to home construction. It consists of a sharp rod and a narrow cap designed for hammer blows. The demand for nails is caused by ease of use, reasonable cost, high reliability of connections, and a variety of sizes.

Among the entire range of fasteners, a significant niche is occupied by threaded fasteners. This is about screws, screws and self-tapping screws. Outwardly, they are quite similar, which often leads to confusion in the names. For installation use a screwdriver or more modern instrument- screwdriver. The thread provides strength and reliability of the connection.

They are universal products, due to the shape of their thread, pre-drilling of holes is not required, self-tapping screws “bite” into the material themselves. Used for fastening wood, thin sheets of metal, drywall, all types of plastic. Indispensable in cases where you need to install door or furniture fittings, cover the roof with metal tiles.

screws

Connect with screws soft materials, mainly wood and plastic. The thread reaches the middle of the rod, so drilling a hole is necessary.

They are also widely used in the manufacture of doors and furniture. They serve to fasten paintings, shelves, cabinets on the walls, however, in the case of concrete, brick or stone surfaces it is necessary to screw the screws into the dowels.

Before placing the dowel in the wall, drill a hole of the appropriate length and width. A screw is screwed into the dowel inserted into the wall. Reliability of fastening is ensured by the expansion of the dowel.

screws

Unlike its "brothers", the screw is screwed into a specially made hole with the presence internal thread. Such connections are typical for the engineering industry, but are often used in everyday life, for example, when attaching mirrors, installing iron shelving or office partitions.

The main difference between a bolt and a screw is in the form of a head. For screws it is semicircular with a slot for a screwdriver, for bolts it is hexagonal and provides for the use wrenches. Bolts are used in combination with nuts, thus forming detachable threaded connections. Scope of application - installation metal structures and mechanical engineering. Also, the bolt can be screwed into a prepared threaded hole.

These hardware belong to special kind special (power) fasteners. The main task is to hold heavy loads in stone buildings. Due to the ability to withstand heavy loads, the anchors are widely used in construction.

are a special type of fastener designed for high loads, but nevertheless widely used in different areas activities. For their manufacture, a metal plate 2 mm thick is used.

The use of mounting angles is diverse, they can be used to connect structures made of wood, as well as metal. Mounting in concrete and drywall is possible. There are reinforced mounting corners that will allow you to mount securely and durable.

Foam concrete as construction material has a lot of advantages: it retains heat well, protects from street noise, and is resistant to temperature fluctuations. Cell Blocks are light in weight and easy to handle. The disadvantage is low strength, this problem has to be faced when installing interior elements or engineering parts. To save the walls while drilling, it is recommended to buy dowels for foam concrete. A special fastening allows you to quickly and reliably fix objects of any weight and configuration on porous surfaces.

Fasteners for foam concrete consist of several parts: a screw, a ring, a half ring, a springy hollow sleeve with a spacer. Anker also has countersunk head and 4 fixation segments. Another important element is a rim responsible for the integrity of the edges drilled hole. Sharp protrusions on the surface (teeth) increase bearing capacity and prevent rotation around the axis during installation.

The standard length is 30-60 mm, the diameter is 5-10 mm. Dowels for foam blocks enter the distribution network in packaged form (packaging of 25-500 pieces) or in bulk.

What dowels are used for foam blocks?

Mounting anchors are made of metal or plastic.

1. Metal dowel.

Evenly distributes pressure foam concrete block therefore able to withstand high mechanical loads. Selected for mounting hinged shelves, cabinets, kitchen modules, curtain rods, chandeliers, lamps. Use galvanized steel, showing excellent resistance to any thermal conditions. This is best option fasteners for rooms with increased fire safety requirements.

In the process of screwing, the dowel smoothly penetrates the cellular structure and is securely fixed due to the ribbed surface. Rigid teeth provide a strong grip on the foam block.

2. Plastic (nylon) dowel.

Universal, used in most types of construction and installation works. Virtually no wear and tear long years. Most often they are used to install light objects (grids, consoles, pipelines). relief carving facilitates the introduction of the dowel into the foam concrete without damaging the plaster layer. In everyday life, fasteners with a diameter of 4-12 mm are most often selected. With the help of a screwdriver, hardware (screws, self-tapping screws) is screwed into them.

Selection Tips

Most popular brands metal fasteners: Modeco (Poland), Mungo (Switzerland), Sormat (Finland), SNR (France). Top Models plastic is produced by Rawlplug and Koelner (Poland). From domestic producers good quality and affordable price different Bison, RosDyubel, Sormat, EKT.

For facade decoration houses made of foam blocks, it is recommended to use metal fasteners with a drop-down "skirt". To hang a photo frame or a small picture on a foam concrete wall, you can use the nail-shaped option. For placement in foam blocks window and doorways it is better to buy special frame mounts. characteristic feature such models is a through hole in the spacer and increased length. The dowel, screwed to a great depth of foam concrete, is able to withstand any load.

Installation nuances

• First, you need to drill a hole in the foam block, clean it from dust and debris. Then, using a special nozzle, insert the dowel into the groove. If there is a thread, screw into foam concrete to the desired depth.
• The diameter should be 1.5-2 times over size holes.
• The greater the thread depth, the more reliable the anchoring.
• For drilling foam concrete blocks, a puncher is not needed - a conventional drill is enough.
• Fasteners should be placed closer to the edges bearing walls from foam concrete.

Packaging cost

The price of fasteners for the foam block depends on the diameter and length. When sold by the piece, one anchor costs 50-200 rubles.

It just so happened that progressive technologies appear somewhere far abroad, and they come to our market after some time, overcoming thousands of kilometers. all sorts of latest mechanisms and materials are the result of the work of foreign specialists and greatly simplify our lives. A vivid example of this is fastening systems, about the wide variety of which we want to tell you.

What fastener is needed?

If you are looking for universal fasteners that must be mounted to the most different surfaces: wooden, concrete, brick, etc., then fasteners are best suited for these purposes general purpose. This fixture has simple design: dowel + screw. In this case, you can select different sizes of dowels depending on the surfaces to be joined.

For mounting small items such as shelves, hangers, pictures, suspended structures you will need fasteners for hollow materials. This type of fasteners can also be used for the installation of drywall structures. It, like general-purpose fasteners, consists of a screw and a special dowel.

Self-tapping screws for metal

Dowels that are used for installation have a special structure. insulating materials. Glass wool, foam plastic, polyurethane, these and many other materials of this group are usually in the form of small sheets and are attached to concrete, stone or brick vertical and horizontal surfaces. Progressive models, in order to increase the reliability of the connection, are equipped with a spacer-type nail. Thanks to the steel base, such nails are very difficult to break.

A special type of fastening is also made for mounting to aerated concrete structures. This practical material is on the market today construction technologies enjoys particular popularity. To aerated concrete, we fasten wooden, metal and plastic elements, and this requires special strength from the dowels.

Thanks to the development of technical progress, today we have the opportunity to talk about a completely revolutionary fastening technology - chemical. It is used where conventional fastening is not enough. facade and bearing structures, which are subjected to constant pressure, chemical fasteners are able to hold for many years. Progressive technology is as follows. An anchor-type rod is driven into a hole and filled with a special instantly hardening solution for fastening. The mixture is poured automatically after the rod is pushed into the tank in which it is located.

Fasteners for insulating materials

The injection system belongs to the chemical type of fastener. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the fixing solution in this case does not automatically fill the hole when the reservoir is destroyed by the rod, but is squeezed out in the required amount. This fastener is optimally suited for mounting both solid and hollow elements.

Today, even for the installation of plumbing fixtures, experts have developed a reliable mount. Sinks and toilets, urinals and bidets you can hang on walls made from the most different materials: brick, stone, concrete, etc. In addition to the dowel, fixtures for plumbing have a particularly strong nut made of nylon, a steel cap and a galvanized stud. A special structure has fasteners designed for toilet bowls. In addition to the cap and screw made of brass, the dowel has a special sleeve.

Of course, many of us would like to live in a private home away from the bustle of the city, but for various reasons, we have to be content with small apartments a nice bonus, which can be a balcony. There are also special fastening systems for covering the balcony. They are designed in such a way to mount elements of small thickness: wooden, plastic or metal sheets. The peculiarity of this fastening is the presence of a spacer-type cartridge equipped with a collar.

Fasteners for hollow structures and drywall

For the installation of profile structures, corners, skirting boards and plumbing pipes experts recommend using frame fasteners. It is lightweight due to the expansion screw.

If you need to assemble a ladder, then for installation stairs it is better for you to purchase not general-purpose fasteners, but special ladder fasteners, which are equipped with a core, so that you can conveniently mark each board.

Fasteners in the household will come in handy

In addition to the above highly specialized complex fastening systems, there are more simple mechanisms, which can be very useful for interior design of the most different rooms. So, for example, it is no longer necessary to hide the cables under the carpet, since they can be conveniently and discreetly fixed to the wall surface. A dowel-clamp will help you with this, which is securely attached to absolutely any materials, including aerated concrete.

Washbasin fixture

And finally, your attention is invited to the last type of fastening systems, which allows you to rationally mount cables and pipes of any size to various surfaces. Special dowels are inserted into the prepared hole and securely fixed with screws. Such systems have a unique design ability to connect with each other. At the same time, depending on the size of the cable or pipeline, you can choose fasteners of the appropriate size.

Fasteners, as a rule, hold rather heavy structures at a height. Washbasins and sconces, shelves and grates, what will happen if any of the listed items falls to the floor as a result of unreliable fastening? In such cases, you can damage not only interior elements, but also get yourself under a falling picture or pipe. Therefore, the choice of fastening systems must be approached very seriously. This is exactly the case when it is better to overpay for quality well-known brand than then constantly having problems with fasteners.

“The devil is in the details”, a French proverb perfectly reflects the peculiarity of siding installation. You can choose flawless material, prepare the perfect crate, with an accuracy of up to a millimeter, calculate the cut of the panels, but the wrong fastening can nullify all your efforts to decorate the facade.

In order to prevent such an unfortunate mistake, let's figure out together what, how and with what tools the panel is fixed to the crate.

General requirements

fasteners

The length of the hardware used is due to the need for reliable fixation of the lamella on the frame of the crate. Thus, taking into account the thickness of the vinyl, the penetration depth should be at least 40 mm.

The cap diameter is at least 8 mm to securely fix the strip in place. The thickness of the self-tapping screw is determined by the perforated hole of the strip, and should not be more than 4 mm. Otherwise, the panel, at the point of attachment, will become unusable.

Base material

As a material for arranging the crate can be used:

• Wooden crate- allows the use of nails, wood screws;
• Galvanized profile crate- allows you to mount the panels more securely. Requires the use of hardware with a drill for hitching the canvas;
• plastic crate - used in places with high humidity. It involves the use of hardware with a drill for wood. It is most often used for the installation of basement siding.

Panel material

When mounting with your own hands, you should take into account the peculiarity of the material itself. Since the range of use of siding is quite wide (from -60 to +60°C), one should take into account the coefficient of thermal expansion, which characterizes the relative increase in linear size depending on the increase in the temperature of the raw material by one degree.

Simply put, the plastic can “stretch” in length from heating. It is this factor that causes oblong perforated holes for hardware, which allows the lamella to move in response to temperature effects.

Please note: when starting to work with lamellas, consider the temperature environment. In warm weather, the panel is initially somewhat elongated.

• Vinyl siding, like all PVC materials, has a high coefficient of thermal expansion (50.4 (10 -6 m / (mK)) / (10 -6 m / (m o C)). In practice, this means that the lamella can lengthen up to 5-6 mm from the original length.
• metal siding - more resistant to expansion (Clr = 16.0 (10 -6 m / (mK)) / (10 -6 m / (m o C)), but prone to deformation when mechanical action.
• Basement siding. It is also made of polyvinyl chloride, but has an insignificant length, while between adjacent tiles of the vinyl base are 13 mm. (at a temperature of 16 °C).

Please note: most important requirement to nailing the lamellas - to prevent rigid fixation.

Types of fasteners

So, it's time to study what professionals attach siding to.

The most commonly used fasteners include:

1. Nail;
2. Self-tapping screw with a hemispherical head, with a drill and without a drill;
3. Universal self-tapping screw;
4. Staple;
5. Polyethylene expansion dowel-screw.

As a rule, the choice is not influenced by the price of the hardware, but by the habit of working with any particular fastener and the availability of the right tool.

Please note: the choice is influenced by the type of siding used (vinyl or metal) and the material of the crate.

Consider each siding fastener in more detail from the most popular to the least.

Nail

A nail is an aluminum or galvanized rod with a head and a sharp end. Using it, you only need a hammer and a nail puller, in case the hardware went in the wrong way. i.e., in this case it will be 100% manual labor.

When nailing, it is important to ensure that there is a gap of 1 mm between the strip and the nail head. To avoid hard nailing, you can use the method shown in the photo.

Please note: Consider the wind load in your area. To increase the resistance of nails to wind, use nylon washers as a spacer between it and the material when driving.

brace

Staples No. 20 and above are used. This type fasteners are the least common, since it is quite difficult to withstand the required clearance. The method of fixation is shown in the photo.

Please note: When choosing, be guided by brackets with a wide back, they are designed for attaching siding.

Polyethylene expansion dowel-screw

The least used type of articulation, due to the high labor intensity of the process. Consists of a polyethylene dowel and a screw. It is used when sheathing buildings without previously prepared lathing with a loose base.

General rules for the use of fasteners

Whichever type of hardware you prefer, you should consider a few general rules their installation:

• Hardware is screwed strictly in the center of the strip - from the center to the edges;
• Installation should only be carried out directly to prevent deformation of the panel (a nail or screw installed obliquely will prevent the thermal expansion of the plastic);
• Never drive nails or screw self-tapping screws through the vinyl lamella to the crate directly (for example, in the case of fixing a cut strip). To prevent deformation, drill a new hole with a puncher.

Horizontal and vertical mount elements with hardware.

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Conclusion

We found out what fasteners can be used in the process of sheathing a house with siding. We hope that this manual will provide you with comprehensive information about the material and features of the fastening, as well as ensure its reliability and durability.