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What you need to know about window openings - 4 important rules for the beginner builder

In modern housing construction, few people adhere to established standards and restrictions on window openings, so each owner of housing under construction tries to choose their shape and size based on their own taste and personal preferences.

In some cases, this approach leads to finished window, suddenly it turns out to be too small or too large, and sometimes it even turns out to be installed in the wrong place.

In order to avoid similar situations, in this article I propose to consider the main issues regarding right choice type and location of windows, as well as common standard sizes of window openings for residential and utility rooms.

Rule 1. What criteria should the window meet

For those homeowners who wish to equip their future home with window openings in accordance with GOST, I recommend that you familiarize yourself with the regulatory and technical document GOST 23166-99 “Window blocks. General specifications". At the same time, I want to warn you right away that this document contains a lot of specialized technical information, which in most cases may be incomprehensible and useless for many private developers.

So that the reader does not puzzle over this issue, then I will try to explain in an accessible language the main provisions of the current State Standard for windows:

1. When choosing specifications for the future window opening, first of all, you need to be guided by the room in which the window will be located and for what purposes it will be used;
2. The total glazing area of ​​one or more window openings must provide free passage the right amount natural sunlight, which should be enough to avoid the use of artificial lighting during daylight hours;
3. All sizes according to GOST window openings, in principle, are standardized, however, in accordance with current standards, they can vary within a fairly wide range. Therefore, in the next section, I plan to pay more attention to this issue.

1. The sound insulation class, air permeability and water tightness class, light transmission coefficient, heat transfer resistance value, and sound insulation value must be within the established limits of this normative technical document;
2. Estimated service life of wooden and plastic frames must be at least 20 and 40 years, respectively, the service life of fittings and double-glazed windows must be at least 20 years, and the service life of a set of rubber seals must be at least 5 years.
3. The number of opening / closing cycles of swing or sliding doors, while maintaining normal performance, must be at least 20,000.

During the design and construction of a house, I recommend using standard sizes of window openings for plastic windows, since the manufacture of glass units of irregular shape or non-standard sizes can be much more expensive.

Rule 2. Typical dimensions of window openings in apartment buildings

Window and door openings in apartments of multi-storey buildings are part of the external bearing walls buildings, therefore, changing their dimensions, or making any other changes to the design, is strictly prohibited by the current Building Regulations and Rules (SNiP). At the same time, in order to replace or install new windows, homeowners need to know at least the approximate size of the external glazing in all rooms of the apartment.

In most cases, each type and each series of multi-storey buildings have standard windows, and to make it easier for the reader to navigate, then I will give the approximate dimensions of window openings in typical residential apartments:

1. houses of the old housing stock, built at the beginning of the last century, are distinguished by elongated rooms, thick walls and high ceilings, therefore, window openings in such houses most often have a rectangular vertical shape and are quite large in size:

• In such apartments, the width of a single-leaf window can be from 850 to 1150 mm, and the average height is about 1900 mm, but sometimes it can reach 2100 mm;
• Two wings usually have the same height, but their width can be from 1200 to 1500 mm;
• Tri-leaf windows are rare, while their maximum dimensions can reach 2400x2100 mm.

1. The so-called "Stalinist houses", which were built in the period from the 30s to the 60s of the last century, in addition to high ceilings, are distinguished by large and spacious rooms with separate layout, so single-leaf windows in such apartments are almost never found:

• Double-leaf windows have two standard sizes: 1150x1950 mm, and 1500x1900 mm;
• For three-leaf windows at that time there was one standard - 1700x1900 mm.

1. Typical five-story residential buildings that were built in the period from the early 50s to the mid-80s of the last century are commonly called "Khrushchevs". They have a cramped, uncomfortable layout with small kitchens and small walk-through rooms, and the standard ceiling height is no more than 2500 mm. For the manufacture of windows in such apartments, two standard sizes were used, and they are easy to determine even without a tape measure, according to the shape and width of the window sill:

• If the window has a wide massive window sill, then its dimensions are 1450x1500 mm for a two-leaf opening, and 2040x1500 mm for a three-leaf opening;
• In apartments with a narrow window sill that practically does not protrude beyond the plane of the wall, the dimensions of two-leaf and three-leaf windows are 1300x1305 mm and 2040x1350 mm, respectively.

1. Newer Brezhnevka houses were built in the 70s and 80s, along with the Khrushchevs, and their main positive difference lies in the improved layout and larger kitchen area. Sample projects there are several series of such houses, and in each series the sizes of windows differ slightly from each other:

• Of all the Brezhnevkas, the 600th series is distinguished by the most big windows, since in such apartments the double-leaf opening has dimensions of 2380x1420 mm, and the three-leaf opening - 2690x1420 mm;
• In the 602 series, a two-leaf window has a size of 1210x1450 mm, and a three-leaf window has a size of 2100x1450 mm;
• The 606th series has the smallest windows: two-leaf - 1450x1410 mm, and three-leaf - 1700x1410 mm.

1. Modern new buildings are considered to be apartment buildings that were built from the 90s of the last century to the present. Sample projects modern houses are presented in more than 40 different series, so I will give the dimensions of window openings for several of the most common type series:

• 137th series two doors - 1150x1420 mm, three doors - 1700x1420 mm;
• 504th series two doors - 1450x1410 mm, three doors - 1700x1410 mm;
• 504D series two doors - 1420x1100 mm, three doors - 1420x2030 mm;
• 505th series two doors - 1410x1450 mm, three doors - 1410x2030 mm;
• 600.11 series two doors - 1410x1450 mm, three doors - 1410x2050 mm;
• The 600D series has only two sashes, in which case the dimensions of the window openings can be 1420x2680 mm, 1100x2360 mm or 1420x2360 mm.

Please note that all dimensions shown are approximate and are intended for estimated calculation cost of new windows. I strongly do not recommend using the indicated values ​​when ordering window frames, since in each case, all measurements for a plastic window must be carried out directly at the installation site.

Rule 3. Dimensions and location of windows in private houses

When designing and building private houses, I advise you to choose the size and shape of window openings, taking into account the requirements of the same normative document GOST 23166-99 “Window blocks. General technical conditions". At the same time, I should note that private developers have more room for maneuver, since this document does not establish any rigid framework and restrictions:

1. In order not to violate the conceptual style of a residential building project, when developing the size and number of window openings, one must take into account the height of the ceilings, the total number of floors, the area and width of each room, as well as others. architectural features building;

1. The optimal height and width of windows should be determined based on total area premises, and the required level;
2. Glazing area and standard sizes of window openings in private houses are regulated by SNiP P-A862. According to the requirements of this standard, in residential and sleeping quarters, the total area of ​​​​the light opening should be at least 1/8 of the total area of ​​\u200b\u200beach room;
3. For glazing non-residential and household premises, these dimensions in a private house can be reduced up to 4 times. Thus, in a toilet, bathroom, pantry or boiler room, the window area can be no more than 3% of the total room area ;

1. In regions with a cold climate and a short duration daylight hours, the direction of the windows is best oriented to the south or south-west side of the house;
2. In hot climates with large quantity sunny days per year, for less influence of the sun on the internal microclimate, windows should be located from the north or east side Houses;
3. Ease of use and functional qualities of windows in various premises, largely depend on the height at which the window sill is located relative to the level of the finished floor. From my own experience, I recommend using the following values:

• In the living room, bedroom or nursery game room the optimal height from the floor level to the window sill is 700-900 mm. This size provides a good panoramic view and the most efficient transmission of natural sunlight;
• For the kitchen, the height of the window sill can be from 800 to 1200 mm. This is due to the fact that the window sill should be flush with the sink and countertops of kitchen furniture;

• In a toilet, bathroom or bath, it is customary to make the height of the window sill at least 1600 mm. This is done to ensure quality natural ventilation, and at the same time make it as difficult as possible for unauthorized persons to peep at the residents during intimate procedures;
• On insulated balconies, verandas and closed summer terraces, window sill must lie on top of the side railing, while its height can be from 700 to 1100 mm.
• In household and utility rooms the light opening is usually made in the form of a low window or a wide horizontal window, which is installed at a level of 1600-1800 mm from the floor.

When choosing a place to install windows in country house, I advise you to pay attention not only to technical points but also on the aesthetic side of the issue. There are no trifles in this business, for example, neat beautiful brickwork and stylish exterior finish window openings have a significant positive impact on appearance facade, and on the aesthetic appearance of the whole house as a whole.

Rule 3. Features of the arrangement of window openings in a brick house

For arranging a window in the wall brick house, in accordance with the technical design, starting from a given height, several rows of bricks do not fit, resulting in brickwork a window opening is formed.

In order not to go into the technical details of the work of masons, below I will talk about what a quarter is in window opening what it is used for, and how to make an opening for a wooden or plastic window in a brick house.

1. I want to say right away that the width of the opening on the inside of the house should always be made a few centimeters wider than the design dimensions of the window frame. Thus, in the top view, a ledge is formed in the side walls, which is called a quarter;

1. During installation, wooden or plastic window frame installed from inside the house in the extension of the slope, and rests with its front part against the rear edge of the quarter;
2. Thus, high-quality thermal and waterproofing of the window is ensured. This is achieved due to the fact that cold wind and slanting rain from the street cannot directly penetrate the gap between the outer slope and the window frame.
3. After the laying of the side walls is completed, it is necessary to lay on the top row of bricks top floor window. It is a horizontal jumper, which should take on the load from all other rows of bricks and ceiling located above the window opening;
4. As a jumper, thin is most often used. reinforced concrete beam 250-300 mm wide, metal channel or thick-walled steel corner with a section of at least 120x120 mm;

1. The main disadvantage of steel lintels is that the metal has a high thermal conductivity, so the so-called cold bridges are formed above the windows. To minimize the possibility of low temperatures entering the home, decorative trim outside the house must be made using heat-insulating materials;
2. The jumper should be of such length that after laying it completely covers the window opening, and goes from above to the side brick walls not less than 100 mm on each side;
3. After installing the jumper, I advise you to once again check the conformity of the dimensions of the window opening, and then proceed with the further laying of the next rows of bricks above the window opening;
4. Installation of window blocks, sealing the remaining gaps and finishing inside is usually done at the very end, after the whole house is built and the roof is mounted, so I plan to talk about installing windows separately in the next article.

To make with your own hands arched window semicircular or oval, I advise you to use two metal corners or a channel of a suitable section as an overlap. To do this, you need in one of the shelves of each corner, or in two narrow shelves channel, using a grinder, make many deep cuts at a distance of 50-100 mm from each other. After that, any profile metal rolling will be easy to bend into an arc along the desired radius.

Rule 4. Arrangement of a window opening in an aerated concrete house

The manufacture of window openings in an aerated concrete house is generally carried out according to the same principles as in brick houses. The exception is the load-bearing elements and the upper horizontal lintels, since they are cast from monolithic reinforced concrete directly at the installation site.

1. For making vertical load-bearing elements houses use special hollow aerated concrete blocks. After they are installed on top of each other, a vertical cavity is formed inside them in the form of a well;

1. These blocks perform the functions fixed formwork . Reinforcement is installed inside the resulting well, and then liquid concrete mortar is poured to the very top;
2. After curing concrete mortar, a monolithic reinforced concrete column is formed inside the aerated concrete blocks, which has a high bearing capacity. I recommend initially laying such columns in the project, and placing them at the corners of the house, as well as along the edges of wide window and doorways;
3. The upper window slabs have a similar internal structure, only they are used as fixed formwork for pouring concrete mortar. U blocks with an open top, made of heavy grades of aerated concrete.

• Inside the finished window opening, vertical supports from scraps of thick bars or steel pipes must be installed and rigidly fixed;

• Fix a thick, even board flat on top of them, and then lay out the U-shaped blocks in such a way that they form the upper edge of the window opening with their lower plane;
• In the resulting hollow gutter, you need to lay the reinforcing cage, and weld its ends to the protruding bars of the reinforcement of the vertical columns, and then fill the entire gutter to the top with liquid concrete mortar;
• After the solution hardens, a rigid bulkhead of monolithic reinforced concrete is formed above the window opening, closed on all sides by aerated concrete blocks.

1. In aerated concrete houses, the preparation of window openings for the installation of PVC windows can begin only after the final solidification and maturation of the monolithic concrete mixture. Depending on the brand of concrete solution, this period can last from 14 to 28 days.

Aerated concrete has an open, finely porous structure, due to which it strongly absorbs moisture, therefore, under the influence of precipitation, it can crack and collapse over time. To prevent this from happening, I advise you not to waste time, and immediately after construction, perform a protective and decorative design on the outside of aerated concrete houses, using hydrophobic water-repellent finishing materials.

Conclusion

In this article, I talked about installing windows in brick and aerated concrete houses, and deliberately did not mention here about log cabins, because the installation of windows and sealing in wooden house- This is a topic for a completely separate article. The fact is that during the construction of log cabins and frame-panel houses made of wood, it is necessary to take into account a lot of specific points that are not inherent in houses made of mineral building materials.

To visually consolidate the information received, I recommend watching the attached video in this article, and if you have any comments or suggestions, I am ready to discuss them in the comment form.

"Windows are the eyes of the house." So once said a wise man hinting to the young hostess that the windows should be clean. But this article will go far beyond detergents for windows, but about their size.

What are standard dimensions for a private house and for an apartment? And what mistakes to avoid when measuring windows?

Standard window size for living quarters

The window is one of the most important things that affect the appearance of the building. Because of this, they are chosen in such a way that they look natural on the facade. Working with windows: manufacturing, installation, adjustment, we recommend that the specialists of the company Windows Expert (https://okna.expert/)

In a private house

window opening standards exist to regulate light in private homes and beyond.

The characteristics of window openings are based on what the room is intended for, but also provides for:

Based on building codes, we calculate window standards. In addition, they are designed for cleaning twice a year, and for areas with poor ecology - 4 times a year.

Now they also provide the number of glasses in the package and the distance between them - for each customer, the refractive index of the beam will not be calculated, and the illumination will decrease.

If we take single-leaf windows, then their usual width and height vary from 470X470 mm to 1470X870 mm. Naturally, it all depends on the dimensions of the opening.

Let's deal with two- and three-leaf windows. Windows with two sashes vary from 570X1170 mm to 1470X1470 mm. Window opening with three sections vary from 1170X1770 mm to 1470X2070.

Do you know how to make plastic slopes for windows with your own hands? Details are in this article.

In the apartment

Now let's deal with the standards of windows in an apartment building panel house. Everybody is here depends on the type of house:

How to choose?

Don't rely on standard sizes because they don't exist- the thickness of the walls and the height of the openings in all houses are different, respectively, and the standards are different.

It is necessary to invite a measurer who will correctly measure the measurements, that is, the height and width. However, preliminary measurements calculate approximate cost ready-made design, you can make it yourself.

In rooms where residents and their guests will be staying for a long period of time, the ratio of windows to room area should be 1:8.

If the window is the only one in the room - place it in the center long wall and higher- in this case, the light will fall evenly throughout the room and flow evenly. The upper slope should not be created too far from the ceiling.

The search for the optimal size and shape for the window must be approached wisely and take into account several features. One of these is the degree of illumination. In order to be good, and most importantly, to correctly plan the size of the openings, the following rules must be observed:

1. The most comfortable for a person is such lighting, in which the width of the windows is at least 55% of the width of the entire room.
2. According to the rules, the smallest illumination is achieved on the condition that the glazing area is at least 10-12.5% ​​of the total area of ​​the room.

The most ideal proportions are considered to be a rectangle with a width with a ratio of width and height of 80X130 cm. Such windows are easy to use, and do not create an unnecessary load on the fittings.

Norms according to GOST

For the standards of window openings, there is a regulation of the State Standard number 11214-86. This standard also defines the dimensions for balcony doors. According to this GOST, the width of the windows varies 870 - 2670 mm, height 1160 - 2060.

The table below will acquaint you with typical window sizes according to GOST.

normal window width calculated according to the purpose of the building, for each room and space, its location and dimensions, since the level of natural sunlight, depending on the geographical location, determines the degree of illumination.

Standard frames are made according to GOST, since it is important for windows to provide the necessary amount of daylight in the house.

Thus, the dimensions for a two- and three-leaf window made in accordance with GOST should be 1300X1400 mm and 2050X1400 mm.

On the value of these characteristics influenced by the following factors:

• area of ​​the premises;
• the required degree of illumination;
• architectural features of the building and the premises itself.

Based on generally accepted norms, the window area comes from the area of ​​the room, and the size of the house. What affects the size of the opening? First of all, on the glazing of the window, how many sashes and the shape itself.

As you can see, the choice of window sizes is a rather laborious task. It is necessary to prevent damage to the frame and materials. The best way out is to hire a measurer, to do everything professionally. It is better to overpay, but then enjoy well-placed and not crooked windows than to suffer with sizes.

Watch this video about the optimal size of the window opening:

A bright room always seems more habitable and comfortable than the one in which Sun rays do not look. The function of windows is precisely to provide the desired level natural light. A standard window opening has dimensions that best meet this task and do not jeopardize the integrity of the entire house.

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What is GOST?

In order not to endanger human health and life, not to endanger the environment, plants and animals, and in order to protect public and private property, special standards for goods and products have been developed. The abbreviation GOST is the abbreviation for state standards. The compositions, methods and production technologies recommended by them until 2011 were mandatory requirements.

Since September 2011, compliance with GOSTs has been made a voluntary procedure. Technical regulations began to form the basis new system standardization. But when it comes to the life and health of people or the preservation of the environment and property, then GOSTs must still be strictly observed. Standard sizes of window openings also fall under the category of mandatory and unchanged values.

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If we are talking about construction work, then, in addition to GOST, when building residential buildings, it is customary to focus on another type of document. SNiPs are building norms and rules that regulate urban planning activities.

Why know the standards?

Replacement wooden windows on PVC structures - a large-scale process launched throughout the country. Advertising brochures of various companies often contain schematic representation window or balcony block with price indication. And it’s not at all a fact that the width or height shown in the diagram will at least approximately resemble the dimensions of the openings in your house. That is why the departure of the measurer is a prerequisite when ordering plastic windows. The fact is that for brick and panel houses built in different time, there is a significant variation within a single standard window opening.

Knowledge of GOSTs will also be required during the construction of a private house. The height and width of window and door openings may differ slightly from state standards, but following these recommendations is the key to the safety and comfort of future housing.

Stalinka, Khrushchev, Brezhnevka: how did the standards change?

The renovation of the housing stock, unfortunately, is not being carried out at the speed with which the inhabitants of old houses of pre-revolutionary construction would like it. But at the beginning of the 20th century they built thoroughly, so many objects with high ceilings, thick walls and large rooms will stand still. long time. For those who decide to install plastic structures in such houses, you should know that the standard window opening in them has the following dimensions:

• window with 1 sash - 85 × 115 cm or 115 × 190 cm;
• construction with 2 wings - 130 × 220 cm, 115 × 190 cm, 150 × 190 cm;
• openings for a window with three sashes were made in one version - height 240 cm, width 210 cm.

The construction period from 1930 to 1960 was marked by the erection of beautiful brick houses. The bas-reliefs and stucco on the granite or plastered facades looked monumental, corresponding to the rooms with large footage and high ceilings.

Typical building 1950-1985 - complete opposite"Stalinists". Three-five-story panel or brick buildings were distinguished by small rooms. The low ceiling height completed the feeling of a narrow space. The standard window opening in them changed its size depending on the building material (brick or panel blocks).

Improved in layout, the Brezhnevka was supplied with convenience elements in the form of elevators and garbage chutes. Nine-story houses, depending on belonging to one of the three series, could have different window openings.

Table 1. Standard sizes of window openings in houses of the Stalin, Brezhnev and Khrushchev eras

Dimensions of window openings in typical new buildings

Modern developers are building houses in more than 40 series. Naturally, the width and height of window and door openings will be different. Sometimes the difference is 1-2 cm, but in some cases it reaches more than 20 centimeters. The dimensions are regulated by one general GOST 11214-86, and the discrepancies in the height and width of doorways, as well as windows, depend on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. It is clear that in a spacious room with high ceilings and in a small bedroom, the required level of illumination will be obtained through different openings.

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Returning to GOST 11214-86, it should be noted that the recommended window dimensions are 87-267 cm wide and 116-206 cm high. According to him, in modern new buildings, the parameters of doorways fit into two standard widths: 72 and 87 cm.

Table 2. Standard window openings in houses of modern construction

Is there a standard for PVC windows?

The technology for the production of plastic windows does not limit the manufacturer in size and shape. Non-standard window openings are successfully glazed with PVC structures. Certain nuances exist, but they are associated with the design features of the window, profile capabilities and the weight of the double-glazed window.

The primary purpose of windows in buildings and structures of any type is to transmit light for natural light. But windows also provide ventilation of the premises, perform a number of other functions. Let's try to figure out what is regulated in construction. Is it possible to set arbitrary when constructing, for example, a country house?

How is the area of ​​window openings calculated?

In construction various types Buildings apply building codes and regulations that regulate the size of window openings and windows, depending on many factors. The decisive among them is KEO - the coefficient of natural light. But many other factors are also taken into account: the dimensions and purpose of the building, geographical location, lighting characteristics and the number of glasses in a double-glazed window, etc. So, in the "Building Norms and Rules" (SNiP P-A862), the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe window opening is regulated in relation to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room (in percent), which is determined by the formula given in the document. The SNiP defines the normalized values ​​of KEO in the premises of typical public and residential buildings, geographically located in the band from 45 ° to 60 ° northern latitude. This value takes into account that glass cleaning in windows is mandatory twice a year for buildings in areas with low dust and pollution, and 4 times for rooms in areas with noticeable emissions of dust and combustion products. If the building is located south of 45° north latitude, a coefficient of 0.75 should be applied to the KEO value, and if the building is located north of 60° north latitude - 1.2.

The calculation formulas have their own coefficients for the cases of using several glasses in double-glazed windows, with different distances between the glasses, as well as with different glass designs in windows (frosted, curly, etc.).
If it is difficult to set different coefficients, then there is a simplified formula for residential premises: the area of ​​​​window glazing should be at least 8 times less area premises. This formula gives approximate, but quite close to the calculated results.

Standard sizes

But there are typical dimensions window openings specified state standards for residential and These dimensions are optimal for mass construction. They take into account many factors, including the external aesthetic appearance of the building as an architectural structure.

GOSTs take into account not only the size of window and design features their execution. In addition, the dimensions of openings, canvases and the design of balcony doors have been standardized. There are GOST 24699-81, GOST 24700-81 and GOST 11214-86, which impose restrictions on the choice of wooden windows and balcony doors for public and residential buildings in the design with double-glazed windows and glass, with double-glazed windows and with, respectively.

List of standard sizes

In particular, there are standardized sizes of windows and balcony doors of residential buildings in height (860, 1460 and 2175 mm) and width (570, 720, 870, 1170, 1320, 1470, 1770 or 2070 mm). For public buildings, a different size range is standardized for windows and doors of balconies (height - 1160, 1760 or 2060, 2375 or 2575 mm, width - 870, 1170, 1320, 1470 mm). openings for these structures is also defined: in residential buildings (height 910, 1520 and 2210, width 610, 780, 910, 1210, 1380, 1510, 1810, 2110 mm) and public (height 1210, 1810, 2110, 2410 and 2810, width 910, 1210, 1380, 1510, 1810, 2110, 2410 and 2710 mm).

Standard sizes of window openings (GOST 23166-99), window blocks and balcony doors are presented in an expanded size range: height values ​​​​are added - 580 and 1320 mm, widths - 2370 and 2670 mm without specification, they will be installed in residential or public buildings .

In panel houses, a standard window of two sashes should also have a width of 1300x1400 mm, and of three sashes - a height of 1400 mm, and a sash width of 2070 or 2050 mm.

Window sizes are also standardized for five-story houses of the Khrushchev period. For a double sash window narrow windowsill a size of 1300x1350 mm is used, of three wings - 2040x1350 mm, and with wide window sill- 1450x1500 and 2040x1500 mm.

How to calculate window openings?

Thus, in order to choose the number and size of window openings for a building under construction country house you can perform the following sequence of actions:
- by the area of ​​​​the room we calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bglazing windows (divided by 8);
- we determine the height of the windows from the dimensional standard range (we take into account the architectural appearance of the house, its harmonious aesthetic appearance);
- by dividing the glazing area by the height of the window glass, we obtain the total width of the glazing;
- we calculate the number of windows for the widths of the standard row that suit you by dividing the total glazing width by the selected width of the glass of the window block (we round the resulting value up if we get a fractional number);
- choose the width that suits our preferences the most.

The result is no worse than the requirements of SNiP, since the result was rounded up.

Example

Let's take a room with an area of ​​40 sq.m - the glazing area should be at least 5 sq.m. With a window height of 1460 mm (glass height - 1210 mm), the total length of the glazing will be 4132 mm, which is equivalent to 4 windows with a width of 1320 mm (glass width 1170 mm) or three windows with a width of 1770 mm (glass width 1520 mm).

When determining the dimensions of window openings, add 15 mm to the dimensions of the window blocks on each side to fit on mounting foam and add 50 mm in height for the same purpose plus for installing a window sill.

Final remarks

It must be borne in mind that when building an individual country house, there are no such strict restrictions as in mass construction. Modern firms (there are a great many of them on the market), producing and installing double-glazed windows, are able to produce window blocks of any size. But if you implement the recommended sizes of window openings (SNiP P-A862), then the conditions for natural lighting of the premises will be met, and the choice of sizes according to GOST allows you to save costs compared to ordering individual window blocks.

Therefore, in any case, it is useful to know and use the calculations of illumination according to the method of requirements for construction, as well as the provisions of the current GOST standards for standardizing window and door structures to choose the right size of window openings, for example, for building a country house.

Doorways are indispensable elements of any room, and how convenient it is to enter the room and move large objects depends on their size. With a few exceptions, the premises also have window openings, the dimensions of which should provide the necessary level of natural light and fresh air. The dimensions of doors and doorways, as well as windows, are regulated by standards (GOST), as well as building codes and rules (SNiP).

This avoids confusion in the design and construction of create normal conditions in the operation of residential, industrial and public buildings and structures. The size of the doorway is selected based on the convenience of the passage of people, as well as in accordance with the intensity of movement inside and outside the premises. There are criteria by which typical sizes of windows are determined.

Dimensions of openings for interior doors and standard doorway of the front door

Speaking of standard doorway the size of the door leaf must also be taken into account. These are interrelated parameters that affect the convenience of entering and exiting the premises. In accordance with GOST 6629-80, the width of the opening is taken from 670 to 1872 mm, and the width of the door leaf from 600 to 1802 mm. At the same time, blind doors have a slightly smaller width than glazed ones. The height of the openings can be 2071 and 2371 mm, and for the canvas this value is 2000 and 2300 mm, respectively.

There is a dependence that is taken into account when choosing conventional swing doors. First, the final dimensions of the opening under the door are determined, the dimensions of which are 70-80 mm larger than the canvas. Based on this ratio, the door is selected. Height and width interior doors in accordance with existing standards and requirements less than input. This is due to the need to provide more free passage and carrying large items.

opening dimensions for sliding doors governed by the same standard, while door leaf has slightly different dimensions. Unlike ordinary doors, sliding doors are 50-60 mm larger than the corresponding opening parameter. This is due to the fact that in this case the canvas moves parallel to the wall and must completely block the entrance to the room.

Standard dimensions of window openings: how is the width and height of the window opening determined?

For window openings, dimensions are regulated by GOST 11214-86. This standard also determines the dimensions of balcony doors. In accordance with it, the width of the windows can be from 870 to 2670 mm, and the height from 1160 to 2060 mm. The value of these parameters is influenced by the area of ​​the room, the required level of illumination, as well as the architectural features of the building as a whole and the room in particular. As a rule, the area of ​​the window is chosen in proportion to the area of ​​the room, as well as the size of the whole house.

The size of the opening affects the window glazing scheme, the number of sashes and transoms. GOST 11214-86 also defines the dimensions of doors for access to a balcony or loggia. Balcony doors have a standard height of 2755 mm, but depending on the number of leaves and leaf features, they can be 870, 1170 and 1778 mm wide.

Windows are one of the important components that affect the architectural appearance of the building, and therefore they are chosen in such a way that they look organically and proportionately on its facades. Standard dimensions windows are used for all standard solutions, although in individual projects it is allowed to use other sizes, allowing to highlight the original architectural solution.

And a little more about GOSTs

What standard window sizes are used in residential buildings?

To date, standard window sizes are established by GOST 11214-86 and GOST 23166-99 "Wooden windows and balcony doors with double glazing for residential and public buildings." It clearly indicates technical requirements to structures, types, types, markings and standard sizes of windows and window openings in residential buildings. According to GOST, the standard size of windows is affected by the dimensions of the opening, the material from which the window is made, and its type. Therefore, standardization was carried out in all directions and norms for the size of the opening and windows were determined for a height of 60, 90, 120, 135, 150, 180 cm, and a width of 60, 90, 100, 120, 150, 180. For example, GOSTs offer such dimensions: 560x870 (opening 610x910); 560x1170 (opening 610x1210); 860x870; 860x1170; 860x1320; 860x1470; 1160x870(1170, 1320,1470); 1460x(1170, 1320,1470).

What door sizes can be used in residential areas?

GOST 6629-88 states that minimum width internal blind door 670 mm, while the canvas - 600 mm, and for glass - 740 mm. As practice shows, this is not always enough for a comfortable stay. It is worth remembering that furniture may have to be brought in through the opening, and therefore it is advisable to increase the dimensions of the opening. Thus, for a bedroom and other living rooms, door sizes must be at least 90 cm, and the clearance must be at least 80 cm, and for a bathroom, door sizes according to GOST can be used.

Balcony Door Standards

Standard Width balcony door depends on the type of building. For example, standard width balcony door for constructions of the Khrushchev era was 680 mm. At the moment, there are no strict SNIPs (building codes and regulations) that establish certain minimum standards for a balcony door. Therefore, one should proceed from technical capabilities. For example, the minimum leaf width of a plastic balcony door is 450 mm, but if you install such a structure, it will be problematic to pass through it. And therefore the best option an opening with a width of 610 mm is considered. The figure shows various options installation of a balcony door in residential premises.

The width of the window opening during design. What needs to be considered?

During the design of the future house, it is necessary to pay attention to the width of the window opening, its height, geographical position at home and the direction in which the window will go. First of all, the area of ​​the opening must ensure the normal light transmission of the window block, sunlight must enter the room within 2.5 hours with continuous lighting, and the ratio of the area of ​​​​the room to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe window should be at least 1:8. After the calculation of the area, it is necessary to choose the size of the opening. It is best to refer to GOST 11214-86 and use standard sizes for country houses, since non-standard values ​​will lead to additional costs and problems.

Standard sizes of windows in a panel house. How to take measurements?

The standard sizes of windows in a panel house have long been known. For example, if the house is of the P-49 series, then the typical dimensions of the window are 1310 by 1520 mm, if P-46, then 1470 by 1420 mm. But very often the builders made mistakes, and even in the same house the windows can differ in size from each other. That is why it is important to take accurate measurements. To do this, you will need a tape measure and a metal ruler. With a tape measure we measure the width and height of the window, and we stick the ruler down the slope and measure its depth. Thus, the sum of the width of the window and the depth of the slope on both sides is the width of the opening. After you need to check the diagonals, and if they are the same, you can start calculating the size of the window. As a rule, 2-4 cm are subtracted from the width of the opening. As for the height, we subtract 2 cm from the height of the window from above, and from below the height profile strip under the windowsill

How to choose the size of the front door?

In order to choose the right size of the front door, you need to know the size of the opening, after that you can use the tabular values ​​​​of the standard sizes of the door and the doorway and choose for yourself suitable option. If the size of the front door differs from the standard values, then you will have to use a double-leaf, or half-leaf front door. It is also necessary to remember that a door that opens outward not only saves space in the hallway, but is also safer.

Dimensions of doorways. What needs to be remembered?

When choosing door and window openings, it is necessary to remember certain subtleties. First of all, I would like to note that it is best to design door and window dimensions that meet the standards. There is a misconception that more is better. The larger the connector, the heavier the structure will be, and this becomes a problem, especially in a draft. Also very often the fittings fail. As for the window, the main thing here is not to overdo it, as huge windows in small rooms create a feeling of discomfort and insecurity. When calculating dimensions, do not forget to take into account the mounting gap and the material of the box, since the thickness depends on it.

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