A wound on an apple tree, whether it is an even saw cut, a torn injury from a broken branch or a torn bark, is “ opened door» for fungi, bacteria and pests.

Untreated damage heals for a very long time, which affects the fruiting of the apple tree and the formation of new shoots. Not a single damage to the bark of an apple tree or its wood should be left without attention.

So that apple trees bear fruit every year, annually, removing unnecessary shoots, redirecting young branches, cutting down dry and diseased ones. But wounds remain on the trunks, which should be disinfected and treated with a protective agent.

IMPORTANT! It is impossible in one day to carry out trees and cover up wounds special tool. Wait a few days before you cover the cuts on apple trees - the cut should dry out.

When it is necessary to cover up slices on apple trees - it depends on the season and the weather:

• , during rains, sections dry up for a long time. Sometimes you have to wait 7 - 10 days for the wound to stop getting wet and it can be treated;
• , in warm sunny weather, the saw cut can dry out in two days.

At summer pruning only young, non-lignified shoots are removed. Slice not large diameter heals quickly on its own and does not require special treatment.

in winter at sub-zero temperature wounds on the apple tree do not heal, frost damages healthy branches through them, so trees are not pruned in winter.

Sections up to 2 - 2.5 cm in diameter are disinfected, but they are not covered with anything. They themselves are quickly tightened; such a cut does not pose a danger to the apple tree.

With saw cuts of more than 3 cm, work is carried out according to the plan:

1. Immediately after pruning, the wound is cleaned of burrs and roughness with a sharp garden knife;
2. A brush is smeared with a saw cut with a disinfectant solution, which will protect against the penetration of pathogens into the wound;
3. Leave for a few days to dry;
4. They cover the damaged wood with a special tool, without affecting the bark of the apple tree along the edges of the cut.

If in winter the bark of an apple tree is damaged by rodents, cracked from temperature changes or sunburned, treatment is carried out in the spring, when the temperature stops dropping below zero.

Damaged areas are cleaned to healthy wood and processed in the same way as after seasonal pruning trees.

CAREFULLY! If the apple tree was gnawed by hares, then it can only be saved if the damage is minor.

Watch the video on how to cover up wounds on a fruit tree:

How to process a cut apple tree? Disinfection methods

Damage on an apple tree of any size must be treated disinfectant so that pathogens do not get into the wound.

So, how to cover up a cut apple tree? For these purposes, potassium permanganate and preparations containing copper or iron sulfate are suitable. All solutions are prepared immediately before processing apple trees:

• 50 grams blue vitriol diluted in 1 liter very warm water;
• A few grains potassium permanganate diluted in warm water. The color should be bright pink;
• 30 grams iron sulphate diluted in 1 liter of water;
• Cooking 3% Bordeaux mixture. To do this, 30 grams of copper sulfate is dissolved in 0.5 liters of warm water. Separately, 30 grams of lime are also diluted in 0.5 liters of water. A solution of vitriol in a very thin stream is slowly poured into milk of lime, stirring constantly. The finished Bordeaux mixture has a beautiful blue color.

To apply the solution, use any brush. The weather at the time of processing should be dry, calm. Be sure to use rubber gloves.

To disinfect damaged wood, you can use fungicide balms, which are sold in gardening stores.

How to cover up a cut on an apple tree?

After the cleaned and disinfected cut on the apple tree dries, it must be smear with a special agent. It's done to seal damage to close the entrance to pests, bacteria and fungi.

In addition, in the place of an unprotected cut, the branch may begin to dry out. This happens because:

• sap flow is disrupted nutrients do not reach the part of the branch that is above the damage;
• Moisture evaporates through the wound.

An unprotected wound is prone to cracking, sometimes the cracks are deep. In the place where the saw cut damaged the bark of the apple tree, a hollow may form.

As a putty use:

• garden var;
• A thick mash of clay and mullein;
• Oil paints on natural drying oil;
• Cement mortar - for especially major damage;
• Water-based paints;
• Artificial bark (balm - varnish).

Garden var.

garden var You can buy it at the store, or you can make your own. For its preparation, wax, rosin and fat are used.

Wax does not allow water to pass to the wood, does not allow the putty to drain from the wound. The stickiness of the rosin allows the pitch to bond firmly to the wood. Fat does not allow the putty to crack in any weather.

Any unsalted fat is suitable. You can replace it with vegetable oil or natural drying oil. Instead of wax, turpentine is suitable.

1. Take 1 part of rosin and fat, and wax 2 parts. Rosin, wax and fat are melted separately, and then they are mixed. This solution is slowly poured into cold water. Take out after solidification;
2. 20 parts of paraffin, 4 parts of rosin and 1 part of drying oil are also mixed;
3. Rosin and wax 2 parts each, vegetable oil – 1;
4. Rosin 1.5 parts, oil - 2. Heat, mix and pour in 1 part of turpentine. It is important to do this away from fire.

Ash can be added to garden pitch.

IMPORTANT! The garden pitch is slightly heated before application to soften it. Inflict very thin layer so that it appears that a thin film has been applied to the cut.

If you cover the cuts on the apple trees with a thick layer of garden pitch, the wood under it will begin to rot after a while.

Clay talker.

Clay talker: to prepare putty from clay, take 2 parts of clay, 1 part of mullein, a little crushed straw or hay. Stir and dilute with water to the consistency of sour cream.

Cement mortar: 1 part of cement, 3 parts of fine sand are mixed with water and a little drying oil is added. Suitable for filling deep wounds and cracks.

Oil and water-based paints after a while, they are washed away by rain and they will have to be renewed.

IMPORTANT! It is necessary to apply any putty only on damaged wood. The edges of the bark must be left clean so that a cow roll can form from them, which will close the wound.

What to do if juice flows from the cut?

If the juice flowed only from small sections, which were not smeared, this indicates that the pruning was carried out very late and the wounds did not have time to heal before the start of sap flow.

This will not harm the tree itself, but some small twigs and fruit buds may dry out. You can partially save them if you do liquid clay talker and smear all wounds with it, even small ones.

If the juice has flowed from one or more large sections, then this means that the damage is not hermetically smeared. Need it clean again and coat thick clay mash . For better fixing it on a branch, you can bandage this place with a strip of cotton fabric from above.

What to do if the cut is blackened (darkened) or a stain appears?

If the cut on the apple tree is not processed in time, then pathogens could settle on it. With such symptoms, apple cancer and cytosporosis. If these diseases are not treated, then the disease spreads to the rest of the branch, taking up all large areas. First, individual branches will dry out, and then the whole tree.

Neighboring trees may also suffer from this disease.

During treatment, all damaged parts are cut off, going into healthy bark and wood. Process this place 3% Bordeaux mixture, if the leaves have not yet blossomed, or with a 1% solution if the growing season has already begun.

They let it dry a little, and then cover it with garden pitch or diluted clay. If the disease spreads further, the treatment should be repeated. It is necessary to spray not only the place of the cut, but the entire apple tree completely.

Watch the video report on the cancer of apple trees:

What to do if the cut rots?

If the cut on the apple tree began to rot, then this may indicate that the tree is infected with spores. tinder fungus. Spores are carried by the wind, not closed cut- a great place for infection. Means of combating this scourge have not yet been invented.

ADVICE! If rot is noticed right away, and the wood in that area is damp but hard, it is possible that the tree can still be salvaged.

The branch is cut off completely and the place of the cut is checked. Healthy wood is an indicator that the disease has not yet penetrated deep into the apple tree. The diseased branch is burned, and the cut is disinfected and covered with garden pitch.

If you slept on the spot soft dark wood, then the tinder fungus took possession of the whole tree, after a while the apple tree will die. It is cut down completely and burned. If you leave it, then the whole garden can become infected.

Damaged apple bark - what to do?

The bark of the apple tree is damaged due to sunburn, temperature differences in winter time, due to rodents or other mechanical damage. Also, the bark can peel off from an old neglected tree.

The bark on the apple tree is restored, but only if the damage is minor. If the bark is damaged along the entire circumference, then the tree will dry out.

Scuffs of the bark are cut off with a garden knife, peeled pieces are cleaned off with a hard brush. When working, try not to damage the wood. Be sure to treat with Bordeaux mixture because under the bark there may be pest larvae.

Place to cover up a mixture of clay, mullein and ash, diluted with water. For reliability, the place of damage is bandaged with a natural cloth.

By following some rules, many problems with apple trees can be avoided:

• Tree pruning should be done every year. Small cuts in young branches heal faster than large-diameter wounds in perennial branches;
• To protect against hares, tree trunks should be wrap with agrofibre or enclose with fine mesh to a height of up to 1.5 meters;
• You need to know the weak branches on your apple trees and install under them for the winter and during the ripening of the crop. This will prevent branches from breaking off from snow or heavy apples;
• Late autumn follows to protect them from cracking.

In contact with

Cutting down extra and unnecessary branches from a tree is only half the battle. Left saw cuts and untreated wounds are open gates for dangerous infections and fungi. If they are not processed, you can lose trees that have been grown for many years.

It is impossible to cut down branches and cover up wounds in one day. It is necessary to give the wounds 5-10 days to dry up. Then the garden pitch will lie much better. In winter, you have to wait up to ten days, and in spring, in dry weather, a couple of days are enough. Sections up to 2-3 cm in diameter are not glossed over. They grow quickly and infection does not occur. But it is not superfluous to disinfect them. Why in a 2 liter bottle dissolve 3-4 tbsp. spoons of iron sulfate.

With saw cuts of more than 3 cm, the following work is carried out:

• After trimming, the wound is cleaned sharp knife from burrs and irregularities.
• The brush is treated with a saw cut with a solution of iron sulphate.
• Leave for a few days to dry.
• They cover the wound with garden pitch or a similar remedy, trying not to touch the bark along the edges of the cut.

How to process a cut apple tree?

Wounds and saw cuts on trees must first be disinfected. How? The choice is large, here are just the most popular ways:

• 50 g of copper sulfate is diluted in 1 liter of very warm water;
• 50 g of ferrous sulfate is diluted in 1 liter of water;
• several granules of potassium permanganate are dissolved in 1 liter of water. The solution should turn red;
• prepare a mixture of lime and copper sulfate. Why 30 g of lime is diluted in 0.5 l of water and 30 g of copper sulfate is diluted in 0.5 l hot water. Pour a solution of copper sulfate into lime and stir all the time.

When treating wounds, be sure to wear rubber gloves.

Cut or wound - how to cover?

A cleaned and disinfected cut or wound after drying must be covered with a special agent. If this is not done, even if an infection does not get into it, an untreated wound is prone to cracking. Sometimes the cracks are very deep, which will worsen the well-being of the whole tree.

The most common remedy is garden var. Better to choose var white color. It is not only practical, but also looks great after treating the wound.

A completely different type of RanNet putty. It seems that it consists of clay of a fine fraction. Rain can wash away. But it contains stimulants that accelerate wound healing. It makes sense to use it in spring and summer. During winter pruning, it is better to give preference to garden pitch.

For particularly large damage and hollows, using a garden pitch is expensive and impractical. Prepare for them cement mortar and they close up wounds and hollows. Also, large wounds can be sealed with a thick mash of clay, mullein and ash. It does not last long, but it can always be updated, and almost every gardener has the ingredients.

Saw cuts are very good to cover with water-based paints. You just need to be careful not to get smeared yourself when moving in the crown. In this regard, garden var is more advantageous. Only in cold weather an emulsion is preferable, since the var hardens and does not want to go to bed in a thin layer.

Recently, you can buy artificial bark (balm varnish) in seed stores. Reviews about her are good. But it costs much more than garden pitch.

Wounds in plants are the cause of drying up tissues, as well as a "gateway" for pathogens. An unhealed wound can cause disease and death of the plant.

The occupation of floriculture and gardening is never complete without injuring the plants. Of course, we are not talking here about the maliciously unreasonable harm to plants, but about the resulting wounds as a result of vegetative propagation plants and their care.
For example, we inflict wounds on our plants in the process of vegetative propagation (when cutting, when dividing an overgrown rhizome into parts to rejuvenate an old plant, when grafting), as well as when pruning those affected by frost woody plants or for the purpose of forming their crown, in the treatment and division of flower bulbs.

Today we will talk about some substances and methods that help us reliably heal the wounds of plants, protecting them from moisture loss or decay.

Charcoal

Like most flower growers, when pruning and cutting plants, I use crushed charcoal. With charcoal powder, I usually powder the undersides of cuttings prepared for planting before placing them in the substrate, as well as cuts on the mother plant.

When rooting cuttings of plants in water, it is very useful to throw a piece of charcoal into the water. Charcoal inhibits the development of bacteria and reduces the likelihood of cuttings rotting.

Many growers add charcoal to the substrate when transplanting plants with tender roots that easily rot from damage.

And for some plants, the presence of pieces (or an admixture of powder) of charcoal in the composition of the substrate is vital. For example, for anthurium, calathea, croton, arrowroot, etc.

Charcoal (usually birch) for the care of indoor flowers can be purchased in shops for gardeners and florists in small packaging. Coal is sold in pieces, as well as crushed and sifted.

If charcoal is not at hand in right time, it can be perfectly replaced by a tablet activated carbon from a pharmacy.

moss sphagnum

All about pests and diseases on site site
All about plant care on the Gardenia website. en
All about plant propagation on site site

Weekly Free Website Digest website

Every week, for 10 years, for our 100,000 subscribers, a wonderful selection relevant materials about flowers and the garden, as well as other useful information.

Subscribe and receive!

All gardeners, even those with only one tree, sooner or later face the problem of pruning trees. But removing unnecessary branches is not all. The question arises: what to do with the cut point? How to process it and is it necessary to do it at all? How to make putty for wood? Let's figure it out.

Basic Recipes

There are perhaps as many recipes for processing a cut point, cracks in the bark as there are gardeners. But there are basic trends in which everyone makes their own changes, based on the circumstances.

Tree putty is used to process:

• cracks formed during a sharp change in temperature;
• hollow in tree trunks;
• areas affected by frost or spring sun;
• branches after cutting or grafting;

Some gardeners believe that it is not necessary to treat wounds. This is explained by the fact that no one treats trees in a wild forest, but they grow. This happens too. Although who knows why the trees in the forest die.

Wounds on fruit trees usually lead to their death. Who wants to take the risk of losing a tree planted with their own hands, bearing fruit?

Why you need to cover up wounds

• The larger the cut area, the higher the amount of moisture that comes out through it. This weakens the tree.
• Cracks form at the cut.
• Through the wound, pathogens and fungi can get inside.

If the bark is damaged, you need to remove it with a sharp clean knife to the wood with a margin, that is, cut it off a little and healthy. This place is treated with a disinfectant and var (or putty).

You can not close the wound, but place inside the tissue treated with a growth accelerator. Then wrap it with dark polyethylene.

It turns out that the tree itself releases wound acid, which contributes to the formation of callus and wound healing. Therefore, a cleaned wound wrapped in polyethylene, even without the use of heteroauxin (growth accelerator), heals several times faster than an untreated one. It is only necessary from time to time to check if the bandage has cut into the bark, and loosen it.

It's better to avoid wounds. But this is not always possible. Therefore, treatment should be started as soon as possible.

How to prevent damage

Part of the damage does not depend on the person. It's freezing and sunburn. But they can also be prevented. Wrapping trunks for the winter, dropping vine help save plants. In early spring, whitewashing the trunks and branches of young trees with lime will protect them from burns.

Even the consequences of windbreak can be prevented by properly forming the crown and adjusting the load of fruits on the branches.

But in some cases, we ourselves inflict wounds on trees. This occurs during pruning during crown formation and during grafting.

How to reduce damage from pruning

• Do not prune trees in summer. Better do it in early spring, starting from the end of February, when the threat passes severe frosts. Can be pruned in autumn. But it is not known whether the wound will heal before winter.
• Start forming the crown immediately after planting the tree. You need to learn to see it, projecting each of the branches and even buds for several years to come. If you constantly correctly prune thin shoots, then cardinal will not be needed for several decades. If the cut branch was 1.5-2 cm in diameter, then the trace from it will quickly drag on on its own. No additional processing will not need.
• It is advisable to prune during a period when there is no rain.
• The cut should be flat and smooth. All notches, “steps9raquo; need to be removed. If the branch you are cutting is covered with old bark, it must first be stripped.
• Sawdust is carefully swept from the hemp before processing the cut.

Commercially available tree putty

How to make putty with your own hands

Not all gardeners are satisfied with the quality of products sold in stores. They prefer DIY garden putty for trees. They use the old famous recipes and create their own. See which of the remedies best takes care of the trees.

The simplest can be considered putty made of clay. It can be mixed with mullein. This will make the putty more viscous and reliable, it will stay in place longer. Add 1 liter of ash to a bucket of clay and mullein. The mixture is diluted with water or one percent blue vitriol to make it soft. Vitriol will protect against diseases or help in their treatment.

There are opponents of clay in the processing of trees. They say that this material cracks in the summer, dries quickly and begins to draw moisture from the wood.

Many advise treating the cut with copper sulphate, then with oil paint on natural drying oil. Use water-based paint, updating it as it is washed off.

Some gardeners use cement mortar to seal hollows. Cracks in the bark are covered with a tool called "liquid nails".

Mounting foam is used to preserve hollows, but it is dangerous for wood.

Putty "Forsita"

One of the oldest recipes known to gardeners for several centuries. To prepare putty, mix 100 g river sand, 800 g of lime and ash. combined with the same amount cow dung(1600 g). Mix thoroughly to obtain an ointment of dough consistency. It should easily overlap the cut, but not slip from it.

When putty for trees is applied with a thickness of half a centimeter, it is sprinkled on top with a powder obtained from 60 g of ash and 10 g of chalk.

This tool is not stored for a long time, so it is prepared immediately before use.

Do not use during rain: it is inconvenient to cook, and it will wash off quickly.

Var "Leforta"

This do-it-yourself wood putty requires more complex preparation, but it can be stored. For its preparation, take 100 g of rosin, 40 g of cow fat, 300 g of alcohol.

Melt the rosin over low heat, add fat. When they melt, cool the mixture a little and pour in the alcohol. The finished product is bottled to the top and tightly closed.

Var Rayevsky

It can be crafted by anyone who can get linseed oil.

• Resin - 400 g.
• Rectified alcohol - 60 g.
• Linseed oil - 2 tbsp. l.

Having melted the resin, heated alcohol is introduced into it, constantly mixed. Add oil. The finished product is poured into a dish with a wide neck. The fact is that during storage the product hardens, so it will be problematic to remove it from the bottle. Gather before use right amount, warmed up to such a form in which putty for trees will be easily applied to the surface of the wound.

Zhukovsky's ointment

The ingredients for making this product are rosin, yellow wax and healthy. They are taken to equal parts, soften, and then mixed in a common bowl. The cooled product is placed in a bowl with water. There she cools off. Form a cake, place in thick paper.

Putty is used for cutting trees with enough high temperature when the ointment is not very hard. To prevent wasps from spoiling it, cover the place of application with a rag or other material.

Funds from petroleum products

The paraffin is melted, the rosin is crushed. Mix 6 parts of paraffin, 3 parts of rosin, 2 parts of any oil. Bring to a boil and cook for 10 minutes. Then knead and hide in a jar. Close firmly.

Ointment with nigrol and paraffin

Nigrol, paraffin and rosin in equal parts are heated in different dishes, mixed by pouring paraffin and rosin into nigrol. They hide in banks.

There is an opinion of gardeners that it is by no means worth using oil refining products (paraffin, nigrol). Trees die from chemical burns.

Other gardeners say that just such a putty for tree wounds is the most effective.

When to cover up

You need to process the cut point immediately after trimming. At this time, the cambium has not dried yet, so the new bark will recover faster.

If you find that the bandage is destroyed, remove it, treat with blue vitriol and apply a new one.

How many times should putty be applied

It depends on the quality of the medium weather conditions and state of the tree. If the tree putty is washed away by rain or cracked in the sun and falls off, repeat the application. Perhaps it makes sense to try another remedy.

It happens that the type of putty tightly fits the area. But cracks have formed in it, and moisture enters through them inside, causing the process of decay. In this case, it is urgent to remove the protective layer and treat the wood.

In order for the putty for the tree to hold tightly in place after pruning, some gardeners fix it with bandages, old spunbond, and strips of fabric.

Slices of trees can be wrapped with sphagnum moss, fixing it with twine or other materials.

If there is no clay and cow dung nearby, you can treat the cut site with ordinary soil from under the tree. Top is fixed with a bandage.

What does the shape of your nose say about your personality? Many experts believe that by looking at the nose, you can tell a lot about a person's personality. Therefore, at the first meeting, pay attention to the nose is unfamiliar.

What is it like to be a virgin at 30? What, I wonder, women who did not have sex until almost reaching middle age.

Our ancestors slept differently than we do. What are we doing wrong? It's hard to believe, but scientists and many historians are inclined to believe that modern man sleeps quite differently from his ancient ancestors. Initially.

Never do this in a church! If you're not sure if you're doing the right thing in church or not, then you're probably not doing the right thing. Here is a list of the terrible ones.

9 Reasons Why People Dislike You Immediately There are many ways to make others want to have nothing to do with you. And most of them don't require special efforts. After all, by

Unexpectedly: Husbands Want Their Wives To Do These 17 Things More Often If you want your relationship to become happier, you should do the things from this simple list more often.

Pruning old apple trees is a process necessary to rejuvenate a tree

It looks very sad garden of neglected old fruit trees. It is especially sad to look at tired apple trees. With age, after 20-30 years of fruiting, apple trees begin to get tired of fruiting, their apples become smaller, their number decreases. Trees are not eternal. In some varieties, after 30 years, the appearance of fruits stops.

General information about pruning trees

Some ignorant amateur gardeners make the fatal mistake of uprooting old trees. But this is wrong. If you prune old apple trees according to all the rules, then you can extend the life and fruiting of trees by 20 or even 30 years.

The main thing is to prune correctly, otherwise it is possible to accelerate the death of the fruit tree.

So, reducing the crown, cutting it often and thoughtlessly, you can weaken the vitality of the plant. In such a situation, a tree is like a wounded animal. On the eve of winter, such pruning threatens the death of the tree, its freezing. A weakened tree often falls ill and dies.

There is a soft method of crown pruning, when the branches of trees are shortened one by one, with a small interval of 1-3 years. In this case, the achievement of the desired effect will come after a long period of time, not earlier than in 8-10 years.

There is a special method of rejuvenating trees.

It is usually done in 2 steps:

1. Sanitary pruning.
2. Pruning old apple trees for rejuvenation.

Sanitary pruning of old apple trees

Sanitary pruning is carried out in the fall with the beginning of leaf fall. At this time, the air temperature should not be lower than +3 degrees and not higher than +6 degrees. First you need to select diseased and old trees. It is necessary to get rid of those that cannot be restored. This is necessary to eradicate the infection in the garden. It is better not to touch healthy and young trees without any deviations in the fall.

A wound on the trunk can weaken even a strong plant.

After determining the scope of work, you should prepare a tool. It should only be gardening Tools, as construction equipment leaves lacerated painful wounds on the trunks.

You will need the following inventory:

• Garden hacksaw. The inventory is saber-shaped, having gaps between the teeth.
• The secateurs are normal.
• Air secateurs for hard-to-reach cuts.
• When processing sections, it must be remembered that construction paints based on polyamide resins and nitra cannot be used for this. For this you need to apply:
• garden var,
• Liquid clay solution with manure,
• Oil paint based on natural drying oil.

During pruning of old apple trees and other trees, saw cuts are made at the very base. Sometimes it is necessary to cut off part of the healthy tissue of the plant. This will prevent a relapse. Broken branches must be removed using the “under the ring” method - by removing the secateurs close to the trunk.

Branches should be cut with a pruner, turning the cutting part to the tree trunk. This method should be used to remove weak branches during sanitary pruning. In the center of the crown, it is necessary to cut out thin shoots growing upward from the trunk itself. This is due to the fact that the growth of such shoots will block the ventilation of the tree, thicken the crown and provoke the appearance of moss and lichen on the surface of the tree, which will cause the development of diseases.

After sanitization and cut, it is necessary to destroy the diseased cut branches.

This is done by burning. Chips, cuts, saw cuts on trees must be processed special formulations based on antiseptics. Such preparations is a balm with fungicides. Only after treatment it is necessary to cover up the wounded places. Before the onset of winter, it is recommended to treat the trunks of fruit trees with slaked lime whitewash.

Ways to rejuvenate trees

There are 3 ways to prune apple trees in the fall to rejuvenate plants:

1. Weak. With this method, the grown branches are shortened by 1/4. This is how the crown of the tree is formed.
2. Average. In this case, the number of fruit-bearing branches is increased. With this process, 1/3 of the length of the branches is cut off.
3. Strong. Used to provide better access sun rays to the fruits. In this case, the crown branches are cut in half.

Rejuvenating pruning of old trees should be carried out no more than once every 4-5 years. This process is recommended only for those plants that have a healthy stem and skeletal branches.

The main principle of such pruning ^

• Cleaning up old large branches that do not bear fruit and freeing up space for the growth of young and promising ones.
• Skeletal branches that interfere with the development of young shoots are removed. Part of the crown is removed. At the same time, the top of the trunk is sawn off at a height of 3 to 4 meters.
• Such manipulation will help young branches reach for the sun. Leave only the strong branches.
• Tops, knots that appeared after the previous pruning are removed from the trees. But we must remember that not all tops need to be destroyed.
• It is advisable to leave about a dozen spinning tops throughout the tree, growing outward and upward at an angle. They often develop strong, healthy branches that produce large fruits.

If a old apple tree gives high yield, then it is necessary to produce a small regulatory pruning in spring and autumn. This will give rise to young fruit-bearing branches.

AT harvest year the number of planted buds should be reduced, thus preventing the depletion of the plant and allowing the fruits to become larger. In case of a lean year, it is necessary to reduce the number of buds that are laid for the next year.

Caring for old apple trees will increase their productivity, make the trees beautiful and promising.

There is a minting method:

• When pruning of skeletal branches is done to the level of where previously in previous year there was a strong increase.
• Usually this is a cut to 3-year-old branches.
• With such a process, there is a rule - each next level of branches is cut off more than the previous one.
• The crown of the tree takes on a peculiar form of a trapezoid.
• This method allows you to quickly restore the productivity of the tree.
• If after the first time no positive result, then this “chasing” is repeated.

Exists special way pruning old fruit trees. This method is suitable for tall apple trees. In this case, pruning of old apple trees is carried out in several stages. Every year 1-3 thick branches with a small number of fruits are cut down. In the future, over the years, the density of the entire crown is reduced, gradually removing sharp forks and broken branches.

Some gardeners use the method of simultaneously shortening the crown.

At the same time, all branches are cut every 2-4 years by 1-2 meters. Everything is done at the same time. Such pruning of old apple trees leads to a temporary decrease in yield, shortening the tree and strengthening it. root system. At the same time, the apple tree becomes much lower in 7-8 years, reaching 3 meters from the previous 10 meters.

Basic rules for pruning fruit trees

There are several basic rules for pruning old fruit trees:

• You can not run fruit trees, their pruning and processing should be done annually.
• It is not necessary to form the crown of the tree when the desire comes. The pruning period should be taken into account.
• When cutting a tree, it is necessary to have good lighting of the tree crown.
• All instruments must be of high quality and clean, sectioning is required.
• No need to save trees for the sake of the shade they provide. This damages the trees and they age quickly.
• Proper pruning will give a maximum yield and a minimum of extra empty branches.

If a decision is made to prune old apple trees in the spring, then it should be done before the buds swell. Often such a process is required after frosty winter and freezing trees. In this case, the formation of the crown always starts from the top, leaving only one headquarters without upper branches, with a minimum of lower living branches. In the case of easy freezing of the branches, only these branches are cut.

This is easy to determine by the color of the bark. In the damaged branch, the bark and cambium are brown and dark.

The work of pruning old apple trees is difficult. Help is often required. If pruning of old apple trees is done for the first time, then it is better to do it with a person who has experience in this matter.

More information can be found in the video.

Putty on wounds after pruning old fruit trees

Treatment of wounds in old trees, the specifics of work

When we prune old trees, we inevitably leave large or even huge wounds after the removal of any large branch.

After all, sometimes you have to remove some large, but diseased branch.

The rate of healing of wounds in an apple tree in the conditions of the Moscow region is considered to be 1 cm per year, if not taken special measures to accelerate the healing of the wound, and 2-3 cm per year with the use of special methods to accelerate healing.

As you understand, a wound with a diameter of 10 cm will heal for 10 years.

On the surface of the wound after cutting off the branches, even the most sharp saw small villi of wood remain, which mechanically prevent the wound from overgrowing, and accelerate the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the wound, the living tissues around the wound dry out faster.

To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to clean the wounds with a sharp knife.

Well, special attention should be paid to the putty of wounds.

Contrary to the assertions of some gardeners that it is not necessary to cover up the wounds after pruning, apparently, the water from the surface of the wounds does not evaporate, and the infection does not get either (nobili.ru/content/view/48/45/), we always process very carefully and protect wounds after pruning,
and we recommend using Etisso lacquer-balm to protect wounds, if it was not possible to buy it, then it is worth covering it with garden pitch, well, at worst, with oil paint that is not green or white.

Garden pitch cannot be applied in a thick layer according to the principle “the more the better”, in this case it cracks very quickly, and water enters the wound, and, as a result, an infection.

Garden var should be applied as thinly as possible, the wound must dry before application, otherwise the var will not stick to the surface of the wound, or it will quickly fall off.

As for which of the manufacturers of garden varieties is better, it is definitely impossible to say, in one year it is better than Kostroma Var, in another Ryazan.

Recently, the Ryazan (settlement of Murmino, Ryazan region) garden variety is better than Kostroma.

It is not necessary to cover up wounds with domestic RanNet paste, although it was good at the beginning of production, now it is washed off by the second rain.

Never cover wounds with paint based on organic solvents, nitro paint, alkyd enamel, PF paint and any other non-oil paints.

The organic solvent easily penetrates the living cells around wounds and kills them.

I. V. Michurin also wrote that paints based on kerosene and other solvents should not be used.

“It is best to use paints based on natural oils - camelina, hemp,” said Ivan Vladimirovich.

Of course, now it is hardly possible to find paint on camelina, and even more so on hemp oils, but it’s better to paint over the wound with OIL paint, albeit on mineral oil, than not paint over at all.

Recently there have been acrylic paints on the water based, it is possible that they are suitable for the treatment of wounds after pruning fruit trees, although research has not been carried out and is unlikely to be carried out.

We have long and successfully used white acrylic paints for whitewashing fruit tree trunks.

If the paint is intended for outdoor use, then it keeps well on the trunks until spring.

Add a comment

Prune in late winter/early spring. At correct pruning nothing needs to be covered up, and viruses and bacteria are not active at this time. The wound dries up to heat, and with the onset of sap flow it quickly overgrows (I repeat: correctly circumcised.) Have you signed up for

I was taught by professionals who do pruning for money. I melted the candles in a waste bowl with the addition of rast. oil right on the stove. Bye rr warm, they covered the sections with a glove with a bag on. As the wax solidified, it warmed up. Cheaper and more reliable. Multiple personal experience. Luda Vysotskaya

Under the garden pitch, the wound gets wet, does not breathe and does not dry, the tree becomes infected with fungi. At least in the humid climate of St. Petersburg. When cut off, large sections were smeared with oil paint. Small ones sprayed from a spray can with a special aerosol-paint for trees, quick-drying. Bought at a garden store. Alexei

We are in last years smeared with iron minium. Better than varom. Ludmila

And that none of the respondents knows such a RanNet paste, very good, easy to use, applied with a brush. Hands are always sticky with var, gloves are uncomfortable, I think var is yesterday. Also bought in garden center German pasta of the same type as RanNet, but it was expensive, and the quality was excellent. So just ask in stores, ask sellers, they know their product. And another minus of the var is that over time it falls off, and modern media hold up very well. Dina

So I use such a German putty, I don’t remember the name, I bought it in the World of Hobbies. Yes, it's pricey, but I really like it. Lasts a long time, does not wash off with rain. The tube is large, it lasts for a long time, it is convenient to cover it up (at the end of the tube there is a brush, which is good to spread the product at the cut point). But I have a discount card and they constantly send a certificate with a discount of up to 30%, so it turns out cheaper. When I go to this store, I definitely take this product. I also used rannet paste when it was in jars. Then they began to sell it in tubes - the quality is not the same. Or maybe that's how I got it. And I cover large wounds with a solution of cow's cake mixed with clay and wrap it with a cloth. The tool is absolutely awesome! Wounds heal well. S.V.

If there is no garden pitch, then you can use other means: Oil paint(it is better if it is on drying oil), plasticine, glue stick. But this is if there is absolutely nothing to apply. And it is better to cover large sections. If the cut diameter is about 2 cm, then you don’t have to cover it up - fruit trees cope with such wounds themselves. And, most importantly, use a sharp tool for trimming! Evgeny Kondr

Based on @mail.ru answers and answers from our readers.

secrets experienced gardeners: how to cover up a saw cut on an apple tree. Councils for the treatment of bark.

A wound on an apple tree, whether it is a straight saw cut, a torn injury from a broken branch, or a peeled bark, is an “open door” for fungi, bacteria, and pests.
Untreated damage heals for a very long time, which affects the fruiting of the apple tree and the formation of new shoots. Not a single damage to the bark of an apple tree or its wood should be left without attention.

When to treat cuts and damage to the bark of an apple tree?

In order for the apple trees to bear fruit every year, the crown is formed annually, removing unnecessary shoots, redirecting young branches, cutting down dry and diseased ones. But when pruning, wounds remain on the trunks, which should be disinfected and treated with a protective agent.

IMPORTANT! It is impossible to prune trees and cover up wounds with a special tool in one day. Wait a few days before you cover the cuts on apple trees - the cut should dry out.

Processing saw cut in warm sunny weather.

When it is necessary to cover up slices on apple trees - it depends on the season and the weather:

• autumn. during rains, the sections dry out for a long time. Sometimes you have to wait 7 - 10 days for the wound to stop getting wet, and it can be treated;
• spring. in warm sunny weather, the saw cut can dry out in two days.

With summer pruning only young, not lignified shoots are removed. The cut is small in diameter, heals quickly on its own and does not need to be specially processed.

in winter, at sub-zero temperatures, wounds on an apple tree do not heal, frost damages healthy branches through them, so trees are not pruned in winter.

Sections up to 2 - 2.5 cm in diameter are disinfected, but they are not covered with anything. They themselves are quickly tightened; such a cut does not pose a danger to the apple tree.

With saw cuts of more than 3 cm, work is carried out according to the plan:

1. Immediately after pruning, the wound is cleaned of burrs and roughness with a sharp garden knife;
2. A brush is smeared with a saw cut with a disinfectant solution, which will protect against the penetration of pathogens into the wound;
3. Leave for a few days to dry;
4. They cover the damaged wood with a special tool, without affecting the bark of the apple tree along the edges of the cut.

If in winter the bark of an apple tree is damaged by rodents, cracked from temperature changes, or received a sunburn, treatment is carried out in the spring, when the temperature stops dropping below zero. Damaged areas are cleaned to healthy wood, and processed in the same way as after seasonal pruning of trees.

CAREFULLY! If the apple tree was gnawed by hares, then it can only be saved if the damage is minor.

Watch the video on how to cover up wounds on a fruit tree:

How to process a cut apple tree? Disinfection methods

Damage to an apple tree of any size must be treated with a disinfectant so that pathogens do not get into the wound.

So, how to cover up a cut apple tree? For these purposes, potassium permanganate and preparations containing copper or iron sulfate are suitable. All solutions are prepared immediately before processing apple trees:

• 50 grams blue vitriol diluted in 1 liter of very warm water;
• a few grains potassium permanganate diluted in warm water. The color should be bright pink;
• 30 grams iron sulphate diluted in 1 liter of water;
• cook 3% Bordeaux mixture. To do this, 30 grams of copper sulfate is dissolved in 0.5 liters of warm water. Separately, 30 grams of lime are also diluted in 0.5 liters of water. A solution of vitriol in a very thin stream is slowly poured into lime milk, stirring constantly. The finished Bordeaux mixture has a beautiful blue color.

To apply the solution, use any brush. The weather at the time of processing should be dry, calm. Be sure to use rubber gloves.

To disinfect damaged wood, you can use fungicide balms, which are sold in gardening stores.

A cut on an apple tree - how to cover it up?

After the cleaned and disinfected cut on the apple tree dries, it must be smear with a special agent. It's done to seal damage. to close the entrance to pests, bacteria and fungi.

In addition, in the place of an unprotected cut, the branch may begin to dry out. This happens because:

• sap flow is disturbed, nutrients do not flow to that part of the branch that is above the damage;
• moisture evaporates through the wound.

An unprotected wound is prone to cracking, sometimes the cracks are deep. In the place where the saw cut damaged the bark of the apple tree, a hollow may form.

As a putty use:

• garden pitch;
• a thick mash of clay and mullein;
• oil paints on natural drying oil;
• cement mortar - for especially large damages;
• water-based paints;
• artificial bark (balm - varnish).

garden var You can buy it at the store, or you can make your own. For its preparation, wax, rosin and fat are used.

Wax does not allow water to pass to the wood, does not allow the putty to drain from the wound. The stickiness of the rosin allows the pitch to bond firmly to the wood. Fat does not allow the putty to crack in any weather.

Any unsalted fat is suitable. You can replace it with vegetable oil or natural drying oil. Instead of wax, turpentine is suitable.

1. Take 1 part of rosin and fat, and wax 2 parts. Rosin, wax and fat are melted separately, and then they are mixed. This solution is slowly poured into cold water. Take out after solidification;
2. 20 parts of paraffin, 4 parts of rosin and 1 part of drying oil are also mixed;
3. Rosin and wax in 2 parts, vegetable oil - 1;
4. Rosin 1.5 parts, oil - 2. Heat, mix and pour in 1 part of turpentine. It is important to do this away from fire.

Ash can be added to garden pitch.

IMPORTANT! The garden pitch is slightly heated before application to soften it. It is applied in a very thin layer, so that it would seem that a thin film has been applied to the cut.

If you cover the cuts on the apple trees with a thick layer of garden pitch, the wood under it will begin to rot after a while.

Clay talker: to prepare putty from clay, take 2 parts of clay, 1 part of mullein, a little crushed straw or hay. Stir and dilute with water, to a consistency like sour cream.

Cement mortar: 1 part of cement, 3 parts of fine sand are mixed with water and a little drying oil is added. Suitable for filling deep wounds and cracks.

Oil and water-based paints after a while, they are washed away by rain and they will have to be renewed.

IMPORTANT! It is necessary to apply any putty only on damaged wood. The edges of the bark must remain clean so that a cow roll can form from them, which will tighten the wound.

What to do if juice flows from the cut?

Branch of an apple tree, not smeared after pruning.

If the juice flowed only from small sections, which were not smeared, this indicates that the pruning was carried out very late. and the wounds did not have time to heal before the start of sap flow.

This will not harm the tree itself, but some small twigs and fruit buds may dry out. You can partially save them if you do liquid clay talker and smear all wounds with it. even small ones.

If the juice has flowed from one or more large sections, then this means that the damage is not sealed tightly. Need it clean again and coat with a thick clay mash. For better fixing it on a branch, you can bandage this place on top with a strip of cotton fabric.

What to do if the cut is blackened (darkened) or a stain appears?

If the cut on the apple tree is not processed in time, then pathogens could settle on it. With such symptoms, apple cancer and cytosporosis. If these diseases are not treated, then the disease spreads to the rest of the branch, occupying ever larger areas. First, individual branches will dry out, and then the whole tree.

Neighboring trees may also suffer from this disease.

During treatment, all damaged parts are cut off, going into healthy bark and wood. Process this place 3% Bordeaux mixture. if the leaves have not yet blossomed, or with a 1% solution if the growing season has already begun.

They let it dry a little, and then cover it with garden pitch or diluted clay. If the disease spreads further, the treatment should be repeated. It is necessary to spray not only the place of the cut, but the entire apple tree completely.

Watch the video report on the cancer of apple trees:

What to do if the cut rots?

If the cut on the apple tree began to rot, then this may indicate that the tree is infected with spores. tinder fungus. The spores are carried by the wind, and not a closed cut is a great place for infection. Means of combating this scourge have not yet been invented.

ADVICE! If rot is noticed right away, and the wood in that area is damp but hard, it is possible that the tree can still be salvaged.

The branch is cut off completely and the place of the cut is checked. Healthy wood is an indicator that the disease has not yet penetrated deep into the apple tree. The diseased branch is burned, and the cut is disinfected and covered with garden pitch.

If you slept on the spot soft dark wood. it means that the tinder fungus has taken possession of the whole tree, after a while the apple tree will die. It is cut down completely and burned. If you leave it, then the whole garden can become infected.

Damaged apple bark - what to do?

The bark of an apple tree is damaged due to sunburn, temperature changes in winter, due to rodents or other mechanical damage. Also, the bark can peel off from an old neglected tree.

The bark on the apple tree is restored, but only if the damage is minor. If the bark is damaged along the entire circumference, then the tree will dry out.

Scuffs of the bark are cut off with a garden knife, peeled pieces are cleaned off with a hard brush. When working, try not to damage the wood. Be sure to treat with Bordeaux mixture. because under the bark there can be pest larvae.

Place to cover up a mixture of clay, mullein and ash, diluted with water. For reliability, the place of damage is bandaged with a natural cloth.

Properly processed saw cuts.

By following some rules, many problems with apple trees can be avoided:

• tree pruning should be done every year. Small cuts in young branches heal faster than large-diameter wounds in perennial branches;
• to protect against hares, tree trunks should be wrap with agrofibre. or enclose with fine mesh to a height of up to 1.5 meters;
• you need to know the weak branches on your apple trees and place supports under them. for the winter and during the ripening of the crop. This will prevent branches from breaking off from snow or heavy apples;
• followed by late autumn whitewash the trees. to keep them from cracking.

Pruning a tree involves removing unnecessary branches from it, for example, dead, diseased ones that interfere with the growth of young branches, or worsen the appearance green space and spoiling the impression of landscape design. The place of the cut, by analogy with any other living being, is called a wound, and in fact it is. In the same way that harmful bacteria can enter the body through a cut in our skin, pathogenic fungi are introduced into the wood at the place where the branch was cut, which can quickly destroy the tree or significantly weaken it. Another danger is the active evaporation of moisture from the wound, which weakens the plant.

In connection with the above, the processing of the cut is not a whim, but a hard necessity. Some gardeners ignore this work, hoping that the wound will heal on its own over time. For the sake of justice, it should be said that the place from which the branch was removed really overgrows - first a roller is formed from the bark, located around the circumference of the wound. Gradually, it converges to the center and closes the cut. It just happens very slowly. Therefore, the area where the sawn branch grew must be processed. And there is only one way for this - putting it with special mixtures.

Compounds for coating

According to practicing gardeners, any substance with sealing properties is suitable for putty saw cuts. There is no scientific data on which means perform protective functions better or worse, since such studies have not been conducted, and probably never will be conducted. Recommendations are based on personal experience people during long period gardening time. To date, in orchards for putty, the following solutions are used:

• garden var
• rosin
• Oil paint
• acrylic paint.

And, of course, at the service of the gardener wide selection specialized pastes, from the assortment of which in specialized stores the eyes run wide. We will not name brands, but there are more than a dozen of them on the market. It is best to ask the seller about which mixture is optimal in your case.

The choice depends on the type of green space, its age, growing conditions and some other factors. The only thing that can be specified as general recommendation, this is the resistance of the composition to moisture. Poor-quality garden pastes "sin" in that they fall off after the first rain. When buying a coating, pay attention to this moment.

The main requirement that must be observed is that the substances included in their coating agents must not be harmful to the plant. Because of this, it is impossible to use nitro-paints for processing the cut, which are very practical from the practical point of view, as they dry quickly. Nitrogen compounds are a poison to stem cells and foliage. Nitrogenous components like only the roots, and even then not everyone. It is also not recommended to use substances based on petroleum products for coating.

How to properly cover up a cut?

After we have told WHAT it is necessary to cover up the saw cuts of old branches, we will briefly explain HOW this should be done. Proper implementation of this procedure will avoid errors and ensure effective protection plants - the way it should be in reality.

The quality of the cuts depends very much on how well you prepare the wound for the putty. If you miss this moment, then all the work will go down the drain. The sealing compound will not stabilize on the wood and will most likely peel off in the very near future. As part of the preparation, you need to do the following steps.

First of all, with a sharp knife, cut off all the burrs left after sawing off the branch. Do not try to tear them off with your hands. This can lead to peeling of the bark. At the end machining it is recommended to treat the cut with copper sulphate. After that, let the wood dry for 1-2 hours. If you put putty on damp wood, it won't stick to it.

For direct application, use a spatula or wooden spatula. Apply the product evenly. Try not to leave untreated areas. Smear the entire area right around the circumference. This will ensure the strength of the protection. Do not try to apply the composition too thick. It is not the thickness that is important, but the uniformity of the layer.

• Categories

Reviews about us

I consider it my duty to write a review about the work of the M.Art team, because not by hearsay, but by duty, I know how rare conscientious performers are. Order for landscape design turnkey did simultaneously with the start of construction of the house. I was pleased that the landscapers immediately established contact with the builders and coordinated all issues with them on their own. As a result, the processes went on in many ways ...

I ordered styling rolled lawn at M.Art. I want to thank the pros of this company for not falling for me and doing what they thought was right. Now I have a lawn - green, even, clean - I'm overjoyed ...