GOST 8736-93

INTERSTATE STANDARD

SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
FOR STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)
Moscow

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the institute VNIPIIstromsyre with the participation of SoyuzDorNII, NIIZhB, TsNIIOMTP Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (MNTKS) on November 10, 1993

State name
The Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	State Architecture of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus	Gosstroy of the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Architecture of the Republic of Moldova
The Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan

Amendment No. 1 was adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) on December 10, 1997.

State name	Body name government controlled construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Agency for Construction and Architectural and Urban Planning Control of the Ministry of Economy and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Ministry of Architecture of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

Amendment No. 2 was adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) on May 17, 2000.

State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus	Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Construction Committee of the Ministry of Energy, Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	State Committee under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic for Architecture and Construction
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry environment and improvement of the territories of the Republic of Moldova
The Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Goskomarchitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan

3 ENTERED INTO FORCE July 1, 1995 as state standard of the Russian Federation by the Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 28, 1994 No. 18-29

4 INSTEAD OF GOST 8736-85, GOST 26193-84

5 EDITION (July 2009) with Amendments No. 1, 2, adopted in February 1998, December 2000 (IUS 5-98, 5-2001)

INTERSTATE STANDARD

SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS

Technicalconditions

Sand for construction works. Specifications

the dateintroductions1995-07-01

1 AREA OF USE

This standard applies to natural sand and sand from crushing screenings. rocks with a true grain density of 2.0 to 2.8 g/cm3, intended for use as a filler for heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concretes, mortars, preparation of dry mixes, for the device of the bases and coverings highways and airfields.

The requirements of this standard do not apply to graded and crushed sands.

The requirements of this standard, set out in clauses, , , , sections and , are mandatory.

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

This standard makes reference to the following standards.

Total residue on sieve No. 063

Very large

Increased size

Very small

Not standardized

Very thin

Note - By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, in class II sand, the deviation of the total residue on sieve No. 063 from the above is allowed, but not more than ± 5%.

4.3.4 The content of grains fineness St. 10, 5 and less than 0.16 mm should not exceed the values ​​indicated in the table.

Table 3

As a percentage by weight, no more

			Less than 0.15mm
Very large and oversized
Large and medium
Small and very small
Slim and very thin	Not allowed		Not standardized

4.4Characteristics

in natural sand

in sand from crushing screenings

in natural sand

in sand from crushing screenings

Very large

Increased size. large and medium

Very large

Extra large, large and medium

Small and very small

Slim and very thin

Not standardized

* For sands obtained during the enrichment of ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals of other industries.

Note - In very fine natural sand of class II, in agreement with the consumer, the content of dust and clay particles is allowed up to 7% by weight.

4.4.2 Sands from screenings of crushing, depending on the strength of rock and gravel, are divided into grades. Igneous and metamorphic rocks must have a compressive strength of at least 60 MPa, sedimentary rocks - at least 40 MPa.

The grade of sand from the screenings of crushing should correspond in strength to that indicated in the table.

Table 5

	Ultimate compressive strength of rock in water-saturated state, MPa, not less than	Gravel crushability in the cylinder
Note - It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, the supply of sand II from sedimentary rocks with a compressive strength of less than 40 MPa, but not less than 20 MPa.

The resistance of sand is determined by the mineralogical and petrographic composition and the content of harmful components and impurities. The list of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities, and their maximum allowable content are given in the Appendix.

4.4.4 Sand from screenings of rock crushing, having a true grain density of more than 2.8 g / cm 3 or containing grains of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components in an amount exceeding their permissible content, or containing several different harmful components, is released for specific types of construction work on technical documents developed in accordance with the established procedure and coordinated with laboratories specialized in the field of corrosion.

4.4.5 It is allowed to supply a mixture of natural sand and sand from crushing screenings with the content of the latter not less than 20% by weight, while the amount of the mixture must meet the requirements of this standard for the quality of sands from crushing screenings.

4.4.6 The manufacturer must inform the consumer of the following characteristics established by geological exploration:

Mineralogical and petrographic composition indicating rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities;

Void;

True density of sand grains.

At BUT eff up to 370 Bq/kg - in newly built residential and public buildings;

At BUT eff st. 370 to 740 Bq/kg - for road construction within the territory settlements and zones of promising development, as well as during the construction industrial buildings and structures;

At BUT eff st. 740 to 1500 Bq/kg - in road construction stumps of settlements.

If necessary, in the national regulations in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits indicated above.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1, 2).

4.4.9 Sand should not contain any foreign contaminants.

5 ACCEPTANCE RULES

5.1 Sand must be accepted by the service technical control manufacturer.

5.2 To check the compliance of the sand quality with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.

5.3 Acceptance tests at the manufacturer are carried out daily by testing one replacement sample taken in accordance with GOST 8735 from each production line.

At acceptance control determine:

Grain composition;

Once a quarter - bulk density (bulk density at moisture during shipment is determined as necessary), as well as the presence of organic impurities (humic substances) in natural sand;

Once a year and in each case, changes in the properties of the developed rock - the true density of grains, the content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities, the strength grade of sand from crushing screenings, specific effective activity natural radionuclides.

Periodic monitoring of the indicator of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is carried out in specialized laboratories accredited in accordance with the established procedure for the right to conduct gamma spectrometric tests or in radiation metric laboratories of supervisory authorities.

In the absence of geological exploration data on the radiation-hygienic assessment of the deposit and the conclusion on the class of sand, the manufacturer conducts a radiation-hygienic assessment of the developed rock sections using the express method directly in the face or in warehouses finished products(alluvium map) in accordance with the requirements of GOST 30108.

5.5 Sampling and preparation of sand samples for quality control at the manufacturer is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8735.

5.6 Delivery and acceptance of sand is carried out in batches. A batch is considered to be the amount of material that is simultaneously supplied to one consumer in one train or in one vessel. On shipment by car the batch is the amount of sand shipped to one consumer during the day.

5.7 The consumer, when controlling the quality of sand, must apply the sampling procedure given in -. With unsatisfactory results control check on grain composition and the content of dust and clay particles, a batch of sand is not accepted.

Lot sizeNumber of incremental samples

Up to 350 m ............................................... ...................................ten

St. 350 to 700 m .............................................. .........................fifteen

St. 700 m ............................................... ....................................ten

From incremental samples, a combined sample is formed, which characterizes the controlled lot. Averaging, reduction and sample preparation is carried out according to GOST 8735.

5.9 For a control check of the quality of sand shipped by rail, point samples are taken when unloading wagons from the sand stream on belt conveyors used to transport it to the consumer's warehouse. When unloading the wagon, five point samples are taken at regular intervals. The number of wagons is determined taking into account the receipt of the required number of incremental samples in accordance with.

Cars are selected at the direction of the consumer. If the batch consists of one wagon, five point samples are taken during its unloading, from which a combined sample is obtained.

If continuous transport is not used during unloading, point samples are taken directly from the wagons. To do this, the sand surface in the car is leveled and holes 0.2-0.4 m deep are dug at the sampling points. The sampling points should be located in the center and at the four corners of the car, while the distance from the sides of the car to the sampling points should not less than 0.5 m. Samples from the holes are taken with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the walls of the hole.

5.10 For a control check of the quality of the sand supplied water transport, incremental samples are taken when unloading ships. In the case of using belt conveyors for unloading, incremental samples are taken at regular intervals from the sand flow on the conveyors. When unloading the ship with clamshell cranes, spot samples are taken with a scoop at regular intervals as they are unloaded directly from the newly formed sand surface in the ship, and not from the holes.

For a control check of sand unloaded from ships and laid on alluvium maps by hydromechanization, point samples are taken in accordance with 2.9 GOST 8735.

In the case of using belt conveyors for sand unloading, point samples are taken from the sand flow on conveyors. When unloading each car, one point sample is taken. The number of cars is determined taking into account the receipt of the required number of incremental samples according to . Cars are chosen at the direction of the consumer.

If the lot consists of less than ten cars, sand samples are taken from each car.

If conveyor transport is not used when unloading cars, point samples are taken directly from cars. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled, a hole is dug in the center of the body with a depth of 0.2-0.4 m. Sand samples are taken from the hole with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.

5.12 The amount of sand supplied is determined by volume or mass. Sand measurement is carried out in wagons, ships or cars.

Sand shipped in wagons or cars is weighed on truck scales. The mass of sand shipped in ships is determined by the ship's draft.

The amount of sand from units of mass to units of volume is recalculated according to the values ​​of the bulk density of sand, determined at its moisture content during shipment. The supply contract indicates the calculated sand moisture content adopted by agreement of the parties.

5.13 The manufacturer is obliged to accompany each batch of supplied sand with a document on its quality in the established form, which must indicate:

Name of the manufacturer and its address;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Batch number and amount of sand;

Wagon numbers and vessel number, invoice numbers;

Class, particle size module, total residue on sieve No. 063;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in sand according to ;

Designation of this standard.

6 CONTROL METHODS

6.1 Sand tests are carried out in accordance with GOST 8735.

6.2 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in sand is determined according to GOST 30108.

7 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

7.1 Sand is transported in open railway wagons and ships, as well as cars in accordance with the rules approved in the established manner for the carriage of goods by the appropriate mode of transport and stored in the warehouse of the manufacturer and consumer in conditions that protect the sand from pollution.

When transporting sand by rail, compliance with the requirements of the Technical Conditions for Loading and Securing Cargoes approved by the Ministry of Railways must also be ensured.

7.2 When shipping and storing sand in winter time the manufacturer must take measures to prevent freezing (shoveling, processing special solutions etc.).

APPENDIX A
(mandatory)
CONTENT OF HARMFUL IMPURITIES

The permissible content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities in sand used as aggregate for concrete and mortar should not exceed the following values:

Amorphous varieties of silicon dioxide, soluble in alkalis (chalcedony, opal, flint, etc.) - no more than 50 mmol / l;

Sulfur, sulfides, except for pyrite (marcasite, pyrrhotite, etc.) and sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.) in terms of SO 3 - no more than 1.0%, pyrite in terms of SO 3 - no more than 4% by weight;

Mica - no more than 2% by weight:

Haloid compounds (halite, sylvin, etc.), including water-soluble chlorides, in terms of chlorine ion - no more than 0.15% by weight;

Coal - no more than 1% by weight;

Organic impurities (humic acids) - less than the amount that gives the sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric sample according to GOST 8267) a color corresponding to the color of the standard or darker than this color. The use of sand that does not meet this requirement is allowed only after receipt positive results tests of sand in concrete or mortar for durability characteristics.

The permissible content of zeolite, graphite, oil shale is established on the basis of studies of the effect of sand on the durability of concrete or mortar.

APPENDIX B (Deleted. Amendment No. 2).

Keywords:natural sand, construction works, sand from screenings of crushing, fractionated sand, crushed sands, grain composition

GOST 8736 is a standard that is supported and defined in most CIS countries. This standard is applicable only to material of natural, natural origin and one that is obtained as a result of screening of sand during grinding of hard, rocks.

In the latter case, the true density is in the range of 2.0-2.8 g/cm. The purpose is to be used as a filler for heavy, light and other types of concrete. It is used as a filler for roads, construction of structures.

Links to Sand Standards

As part of the decision some references to other GOSTs are used:

• GOST number 8267 93 - it contains standards for dense rocks of mountains and work with crushed stone, gravel obtained in this way. whitepaper;
• GOST number 8269.0 97 - Crushed stone, which is obtained when working with hard rocks and secondary raw materials obtained from construction. Test calculations;
• GOST number 8735 88 - the use of sand in production, methods of its testing;
• GOST number 30108 94 - the document defines the conditions for the specific type of radionuclides.

Definitions

Sand happens several types, for a qualitative understanding of the essence of the issue, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the main differences:

• natural sand. A material that has a free-flowing state, while it is inorganic. Grains reach a size of 5 mm. Sand is obtained as a result of the natural crushing of rocks. It is obtained by mining from sandy deposits or mixed with gravel;

• special enrichment equipment may be used;
• crushed. The grain size does not differ and is less than 5 mm. It is made by a person using special equipment of a crushing and grinding type. Obtained as a result of crushing rocks;

• fractional. This is homogeneous sand, which was previously divided into 2 or more fractions. For this, special screening equipment is used;

• screenings from crushing. Product of inorganic origin, grain size up to 5 mm. Obtained by sifting the destroyed rocks of the mountains. It is a secondary product in the production of crushed stone and some types of metals. Also obtained from some non-metallic minerals.

Technical requirements

Production is carried out in accordance with the standards of technical documentation, which are agreed with the enterprise and the norms of technical legislation.

Sand is divided into 2 classes depending on the quality of the material. The main indicators for dividing into categories are: the grain of the material and the amount of impurities of dust and clay.

Grain composition is divided into 2 categories:

1. I class - high quality material , the fraction ranges from large to small;
2. II class - sand, which are somewhat the worst quality, but it has a greater variety of fractions, down to the smallest. In this case, the thickness of the grain is also determined, the class includes thin and very thin.

Size modulus

The document regulates the difference in sand by size modulus (Mk), also regulates the residual amounts of residues after filtering, it can take the following indicators:

Prior agreement with the manufacturer may indicate that in class II sand, deviations from the normative data are permissible but within 5%.

The document also determines the number of large grains and small, dusty ones. So, to meet the standard you need:

Specifications

The document strictly regulates the partial proportion of dusty pieces in the sand. Also determined percentage clay.

Strength grade

Deviation in fine-grained material of the second class is allowed, but by prior agreement with the manufacturer and within 7%. sand has a dependence, especially for the screening type, on the resistance of the material.

The rocks of the metamorphic type are significantly different from the igneous ones. The minimum tensile strength for such types is 60 MPa, and for sedimentary types more than 40 MPa.

Regulatory characteristics are presented in the table:

With prior agreement of both parties to the contract, it is possible that the sand GOST 8736 will have differences (screening out when breaking) strength. Instead of a minimum threshold of 40 MPa, a decrease in this indicator is allowed, but still not lower than 20 MPa.

Sand, which is intended for filling, in addition to other characteristics, must be resistant to chemical reaction on alkali. This is influenced by the composition of the screening sand.

Sand is also a necessary indicator, which allows you to evaluate the penetrating ability of the material.

The higher the value, the more quality characteristics possesses. The lowest throughput brings the value closer to 0. A low indicator indicates a clay component, which may narrow the scope of sand use.

Sand resistance is determined by mineral composition taking into account substances that harm the quality of the material.

In position A sand GOST 8736 there are indications of the types and possible components, impurities that are considered harmful. and true density, filtration coefficient, grain components - sand made taking into account GOST 8736 93, must be contained individually by the manufacturer and indicated in the documents.

Natural quarry or mountain

Sand and from screenings, which has a grain size above 2.8 g / cm3 or contains rocks, impurities with a negative impact may have a limited number of applications.

When there are any deviations from the standards, then such sand has a narrow focus on undemanding areas of production. This is preliminarily regulated with specialized research centers.

Coarse-grained for construction work

construction sand past state standard 8736 93 is allowed to mix with each other natural type and cutoff. The mass fraction of the second type is not more than 20%.

The manufacturer must provide the buyer full information on geological exploration, where it is indicated: the petrographic and mineral structure of the rock, the amount and type of organic matter, grain compaction, voidness.

medium-grained river

River natural sand should have a reference color even when the material is treated with sodium. Radiation-hygienic assessment is carried out in special laboratories, where the level of natural radionuclides is determined.

Based on the estimated data, it is concluded about the scope of use sand:

• content less than 370 Bq / kg - the material is applicable for the construction of new buildings;
• the amount from 370 to 740 Bq/kg allows the use of sand as filling for roads that are within populated areas. Also allowed for use in the construction of enterprises;
• if the assessment showed 740-1500 Bq / kg - this is the least valuable type, It is used only for laying roads outside cities.

Sand GOST 8736 93 is cleaned of debris, if possible, otherwise it is excluded from production.

For more information about the use of sand, see the video:

Rules for the acceptance of quartz, river and alluvial sand

River, alluvial sand and screenings during crushing must be evaluated before being sent to the consumer and additional samples are taken upon delivery of the cargo. For this, special tests are made, the technical control service is responsible for the reception.

To maintain quality, acceptance control is carried out, as well as periodic tests and verification of the condition of the rocks. Control is carried out within the enterprise once a day.

This is how samples are taken from each production line, then it is stated whether the sand is suitable for construction or whether it is suitable or there are any deviations from the norm.

When conducting control comes to light:

• grain composition;
• the presence of clay and its quantity in pieces;
• the amount of dusty residues and clay components;
• absence of third-party impurities and debris.

Periodic control is carried out in order to determine changes in rocks over a certain period of time:

• once every 3 months - the density of the embankment is determined, if necessary, testing is possible certain conditions humidity. The presence of harmful, organic additives and their quantity are revealed;
• once a year or with a changing composition of the rock, it is necessary to check the density of the grains, the amount of minerals contained, mostly harmful. The strength grade and effectiveness of radionuclides are determined.

Radionuclide studies cannot be performed within the enterprise, so samples are taken to specialized research institutions. They must be accredited by the regulatory authorities.

During the construction works it is necessary to carry out various calculations associated with the expense various materials. Going by, get acquainted with how many bags of cement in 1 m3.

Plasterboard surface sheathing is the most common type of rough finish today. about how to glue drywall.

Currently, many people use foam plastic, which is a type of foam plastic, to insulate their structure. all information about applying plaster on penoplex.

If geological analysis data are not available, then an assessment of radioactivity can be made immediately after mining. An expressive variant is used, based on the alluvium map. Preparation for samples for examination is carried out on the basis of GOST 8735.

The material is sold in batches, so the acceptance and delivery is made for all the material included in the batch.

In the case of rail or sea delivery, a consignment is a simultaneous quantity of directed cargo. When delivering, all material brought per day is taken into account.

Why do we need a passport for sand GOST 8736 93

The consumer may require passport for sand GOST 8736 93 issued to the enterprise and technical documentation for the batch. To obtain information about the quality of the goods, samples should be taken, their number depends on the order:

• for batches up to 350 m3, the number of samples is 10;
• orders with a volume of 350 - 700 m3 can be subjected to 15 samples;
• above 700 m3 samples should be taken from 20 different locations.

The price per m3 of sand GOST 8736 93 is approximately 500 rubles, but the cost varies greatly in accordance with the quality of the product, the remoteness of the quarry and the allowance of the manufacturer, intermediary. So river sand GOST 8736 93 is somewhat more expensive than screening after crushing.

Also sand coarse-grained is slightly cheaper, than a fine fraction and not every manufacturer shares a fraction.

Transport and storage

Sand can be transported in trains and ships, and does not need to be coated. In cars, transportation is carried out according to the approved standards of the enterprise itself.

The main condition for the storage of sand is the presence of a warehouse with sufficient level hygiene, so that the sand is not contaminated.

Most of the transportation rules are standardized in the relevant requirements for railway transport and traffic rules.

AT winter period time must be stored in a place that will prevent the material from freezing. The room is rarely heated due to large, so the material is sometimes shoveled or processed with solutions that do not spoil the quality of the sand.

Conclusion

Sand natural, alluvial, construction or screenings from rocks GOST 8736 93 regulates compliance with technical standards for use in construction. The main points of the ruling are technical standards and product quality control.

GOST 8736-93

Group G17

INTERSTATE STANDARD

SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS

Specifications

Sand for construction works. Specifications

ISS 91.100.15
OKSTU 5711

Introduction date 1995-07-01

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the Institute VNIPIIstroysyrye with the participation of SoyuzDorNII, NIIZhB, TsNIIOMTP of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (MNTKS) on November 10, 1993

State name
The Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	State Architecture of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus	Gosstroy of the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Architecture of the Republic of Moldova
the Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan

Amendment No. 1 was adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) on December 10, 1997.

State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Agency for Construction and Architectural and Urban Planning Control of the Ministry of Economy and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic	Ministry of Architecture of the Kyrgyz Republic
the Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

Amendment No. 2 was adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) on May 17, 2000.

Voted for the change:

State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus	Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Construction Committee of the Ministry of Energy, Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	State Committee under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic for Architecture and Construction
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Environment and Territory Improvement of the Republic of Moldova
the Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Committee for Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Goskomarchitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan

3 INTRODUCED from July 1, 1995 as the state standard of the Russian Federation by Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia of November 28, 1994 N 18-29

4 INSTEAD OF GOST 8736-85, GOST 26193-84

5 EDITION (March 2006) with Amendments N, adopted in February 1998, December 2000 (IUS 5-98, 5-2001)


INTRODUCED Amendment No. 3, adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Conformity Assessment in Construction (MNTKS) (Minutes No. 38 dated 18.03.2011). State-developer Russia. By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of October 13, 2011 N 452-st, it was put into effect on the territory of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2012

Change No. 3 was made by the database manufacturer according to the text of IUS No. 1, 2012

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to natural rock sand with a true grain density of 2.0 to 2.8 g / cm 3, intended for use as an aggregate for heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concretes, mortars, preparation of dry mixes, for the device bases and coverings of highways and airfields.

The requirements of this standard do not apply to graded and crushed sands.

The requirements of this standard, set out in clauses 4.4.1, 4.4.3, 4.4.7, 4.4.8, sections 5 and 6, are mandatory.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

2 Normative references

GOST 8267-93 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction work. Specifications

GOST 8269.0-97 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and industrial waste for construction work. Methods of physical and mechanical tests

GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test Methods

GOST 30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

3 Definitions

The following terms are used in this standard.

natural sand: Inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of the natural destruction of hard rocks and obtained during the development of sand and sand-gravel deposits without the use or using special processing equipment.

crushed sand: Sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, made from rocks and gravel using special crushing and grinding equipment.

graded sand: Sand separated into two or more fractions using special equipment.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1,).

4 Technical requirements

4.1 Sand must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological documentation approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Sand, depending on the values ​​of standardized quality indicators (grain composition, content of dust and clay particles), is divided into two classes I and II.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

4.3 Basic parameters and dimensions

4.3.1 Depending on the grain composition, sand of classes I and II is divided into groups according to size:

class I - increased size, large, medium and small;

class II - oversized, large, medium, small, very small, thin and very thin.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

4.3.2 Each group of sand is characterized by the value of the fineness modulus indicated in table 1.

Table 1

Sand group	Fineness modulus Mk
Increased size
Large
Average
Small
Very small
Thin
Very thin

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

4.3.3 The total balance of sand on a sieve with mesh N 063 must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in table 2.

table 2

Percent by mass

Sand group	Full residue on sieve N 063
Increased size
Large
Average
Small
Very small
Thin	Not standardized
Very thin
Note - By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, in class II sand, a deviation of the total residue on sieve N 063 from the above is allowed, but not more than ± 5%.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

Table 3

Class and group of sand
	St.10 mm		Less than 0.16mm
I class
Small
II class
Increased size
Large and medium
Small and very small
Slim and very thin	Not allowed		Not standardized

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

4.4 Characteristics

Table 4

As a percentage by weight, no more

Class and group of sand
Class I
Extra large, large and medium
Small
Class II
Extra large, large and medium
Small and very small
Slim and very thin
Note - By agreement with the consumer in very fine sand of class II, the content of dust and clay particles up to 7% by weight is allowed.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

4.4.2 (Deleted, Rev. N 3).

4.4.3 Sand intended for use as an aggregate for concrete should be resistant to the chemical attack of cement alkalis.

The resistance of sand is determined by the mineralogical and petrographic composition and the content of harmful components and impurities. The list of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities, and their maximum allowable content are given in Appendix A.

4.4.4, 4.4.5 (Deleted, Rev. N 3).

4.4.6 The manufacturer must inform the consumer of the following characteristics established by geological exploration:

Mineralogical and petrographic composition indicating rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities;

Void;

True density of sand grains.

4.4.7 Natural sand, when treated with a sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric test for organic impurities according to GOST 8735), should not give the solution a color that matches or is darker than the color of the standard.

4.4.8 Sand must be given a radiation-hygienic assessment, the results of which determine the scope of its application. Sand, depending on the values ​​of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, is used:

At up to 370 Bq/kg - in newly constructed residential and public buildings;

- at St. 370 to 740 Bq / kg - for road construction within the territory of settlements and zones of promising development, as well as during the construction of industrial buildings and structures;

At St. 740 to 1500 Bq/kg - in road construction outside settlements.

If necessary, in the national norms in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits indicated above.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

4.4.9 Sand should not contain any foreign contaminants.

5 Acceptance rules

5.1 Sand must be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control service.

5.2 To check the compliance of the sand quality with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.

5.3 Acceptance tests at the manufacturing plant are carried out daily by testing one replacement sample taken in accordance with GOST 8735 from each production line.

During acceptance control, determine:

Grain composition;

5.4 When periodically testing sand, determine:

Once a quarter - bulk density (bulk density at moisture during shipment is determined as necessary), as well as the presence of organic impurities (humic substances) in natural sand;

Once a year and in each case changes in the properties of the mined rock - the true density of grains, the content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities, the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

Periodic monitoring of the indicator of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is carried out in specialized laboratories accredited in accordance with the established procedure for the right to conduct gamma-spectrometric tests or in radiation-metric laboratories of supervisory authorities.

In the absence of geological exploration data on the radiation and hygienic assessment of the deposit and the conclusion on the sand class, the manufacturer conducts a radiation and hygienic assessment of the developed rock sections using the express method directly in the face or in the warehouses of finished products (alluvium map) in accordance with the requirements of GOST 30108 .

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

5.5 Sampling and preparation of sand samples for quality control at the manufacturer is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8735.

5.6 Delivery and acceptance of sand is carried out in batches. A batch is considered to be the amount of material that is simultaneously supplied to one consumer in one train or in one vessel. When shipped by road, a batch is the amount of sand shipped to one consumer during the day.

5.7 When controlling the quality of sand, the consumer must apply the sampling procedure given in 5.8-5.11. If the results of the control check on the grain composition and the content of dust and clay particles are unsatisfactory, the batch of sand is not accepted.

5.8 The number of incremental samples taken for the control check of the quality of sand in each batch, depending on the volume of the batch, must be at least:

	Lot size	Number of incremental samples
	St. 350 to 700 m

From incremental samples, a combined sample is formed, which characterizes the controlled lot. Averaging, reduction and sample preparation is carried out according to GOST 8735.

5.9 For a control check of the quality of sand shipped by rail, point samples are taken when unloading wagons from the sand stream on belt conveyors used to transport it to the consumer's warehouse. When unloading the wagon, five point samples are taken at regular intervals. The number of wagons is determined taking into account obtaining the required number of incremental samples in accordance with 5.8.

Cars are selected at the direction of the consumer. If the batch consists of one wagon, five point samples are taken during its unloading, from which a combined sample is obtained.

If continuous transport is not used during unloading, point samples are taken directly from the wagons. To do this, the sand surface in the car is leveled and holes 0.2-0.4 m deep are dug at the sampling points. The sampling points should be located in the center and at the four corners of the car, while the distance from the sides of the car to the sampling points should not less than 0.5 m. Samples from the holes are taken with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the walls of the hole.

5.10 For a control check of the quality of sand supplied by water transport, point samples are taken during unloading of ships. In the case of using belt conveyors for unloading, incremental samples are taken at regular intervals from the sand flow on the conveyors. When unloading the ship with clamshell cranes, spot samples are taken with a scoop at regular intervals as they are unloaded directly from the newly formed sand surface in the ship, and not from the holes.

For a control check of sand unloaded from ships and laid on alluvium maps by hydromechanization, point samples are taken in accordance with 2.9 GOST 8735.

5.11. To control the quality of sand shipped by road, point samples are taken when unloading cars.

In the case of using belt conveyors for sand unloading, point samples are taken from the sand flow on conveyors. When unloading each car, one point sample is taken. The number of cars is determined taking into account obtaining the required number of incremental samples according to 5.8. Cars are chosen at the direction of the consumer.

If the lot consists of less than ten cars, sand samples are taken from each car.

If conveyor transport is not used when unloading cars, point samples are taken directly from cars. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled, a hole is dug in the center of the body with a depth of 0.2-0.4 m. Sand samples are taken from the hole with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.

5.12 The amount of sand supplied is determined by volume or mass. Sand measurement is carried out in wagons, ships or cars.

Sand shipped in wagons or cars is weighed on truck scales. The mass of sand shipped in ships is determined by the ship's draft.

The amount of sand from units of mass to units of volume is recalculated according to the values ​​of the bulk density of sand, determined at its moisture content during shipment. The supply contract indicates the calculated sand moisture content adopted by agreement of the parties.

5.13 The manufacturer is obliged to accompany each batch of supplied sand with a document on its quality in the established form, which must indicate:

Name of the manufacturer and its address;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Batch number and amount of sand;

Wagon numbers and vessel number, invoice numbers;

Class, particle size module, total residue on the sieve N 063;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in sand in accordance with 5.4;

Designation of this standard.

6 Control methods

6.1 Sand tests are carried out in accordance with GOST 8735.

6.2. The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in sand is determined according to GOST 30108.

7 Transport and storage

7.1 Sand is transported in open railway wagons and ships, as well as cars in accordance with the rules approved in accordance with the established procedure for the carriage of goods by the appropriate mode of transport and stored in the warehouse of the manufacturer and consumer in conditions that protect the sand from contamination.

When transporting sand by rail, it must also be ensured that the requirements of the Technical Conditions for Loading and Securing Cargoes applicable to this type of transport are met.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

7.2 When shipping and storing sand in winter, the manufacturer must take measures to prevent freezing (shoveling, treatment with special solutions, etc.).

APPENDIX A (mandatory). The content of harmful impurities

APPENDIX A
(mandatory)

The permissible content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities in sand used as aggregate for concrete and mortar should not exceed the following values:

Amorphous varieties of silicon dioxide, soluble in alkalis (chalcedony, opal, flint, etc.) - no more than 50 mmol / l;

Sulfur, sulfides, except for pyrite (marcasite, pyrrhotite, etc.) and sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.) in terms of SO - no more than 1.0%; pyrite in terms of SO - no more than 4% by weight;

Mica - no more than 2% by weight;

Haloid compounds (halite, sylvin, etc.), including water-soluble chlorides, in terms of chlorine ion - no more than 0.15% by weight;

Coal - no more than 1% by weight;

Organic impurities (humic acids) - less than the amount that gives the sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric sample according to GOST 8267) a color corresponding to the color of the standard or darker than this color. The use of sand that does not meet this requirement is allowed only after obtaining positive results of tests of sand in concrete or mortar for durability characteristics.

The permissible content of zeolite, graphite, oil shale is established on the basis of studies of the effect of sand on the durability of concrete or mortar.

APPENDIX B (Deleted, Rev. N 2).

Electronic text of the document

prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:

official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2006

Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"

Sand for construction work
Specifications
GOST 8736-93

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to natural sand and sand from rock crushing screenings with a true grain density of 2.0 to 2.8 g / cm3, intended for use as an aggregate for heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concrete, mortar, preparation dry mixes, for the device of the bases and coverings of highways and airfields.

The requirements of this standard do not apply to graded and crushed sands.

The requirements of this standard, set out in clauses 4.4.1, 4.4.3, 4.4.7, 4.4.8, sections 5 and 6, are mandatory.

2. Regulatory references

GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test methods.
GOST 30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

3. Definitions

The following terms are used in this standard.

natural sand- inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of the natural destruction of rocky rocks and obtained during the development of sand and sand-gravel deposits without the use or with the use of special processing equipment.

(Changed edition. Rev. N 1).

crushed sand- sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, made from rocks and gravel using special crushing and grinding equipment.

Graded sand- sand divided into two or more fractions using special equipment.

Sand from crushing screenings- inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, obtained from rock crushing screenings in the production of crushed stone and from waste from the enrichment of ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals and other industries.

4. Technical requirements

4.1. Sand must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological documentation approved by the manufacturer.

4.2. Sand, depending on the values ​​of standardized quality indicators (grain composition, content of dust and clay particles) is divided into two classes.

4.3. Main parameters and dimensions

4.3.1. Depending on the grain composition, sand is divided into groups according to size:
I class - very coarse (sand from crushing screenings), increased fineness, coarse, medium and fine;
II class - very coarse (sand from screenings of crushing), increased size, coarse, medium, fine, very fine, fine and very fine.

4.3.2. Each group of sand is characterized by the value of the fineness modulus indicated in table 1.

Table 1

4.3.3. The total sand residue on the sieve with mesh N 063 must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in table 2.

table 2

Note- By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer in class II sand, a deviation of the total residue on the N 063 sieve from the above is allowed, but not more than ± 5%.

Table 3

Class and group of sand	Content of grain size, % by weight, no more
	St. 10 mm	St. 5 mm	St. 0.16 mm
I class
	0,5	5	5
Small	0,5	5	10
II class
Very large and oversized	5	20	10
Large and medium	5	15	15
Small and very small	0,5	10	20
Slim and very thin	Not allowed		Not standardized

4.4. Characteristics

4.4.2. Sands from screenings of crushing, depending on the strength of the rock and gravel, are divided into grades. Igneous and metamorphic rocks must have a compressive strength of at least 60 MPa, sedimentary rocks - at least 40 MPa.

The grade of sand from crushing screenings in terms of strength must correspond to that indicated in table 5.

4.4.3. Sand intended for use as an aggregate for concretes must be resistant to the chemical attack of cement alkalis.

Table 4

class and group	The content of dust and clay particles,% by weight, no more		Clay content in lumps, % by weight, no more
	in natural sand	in sand from crushing screenings	in natural sand	in sand from crushing screenings
I class
Very large	-	3	-	0,35
Extra large, large and medium	2	3	0,25	0,35
Small	3	5	0,35	0,50
II class
Very large	-	10	-	2
Extra large, large and medium	3	10	0,5	2
Small and very small	5	10	0,5	2
Slim and very thin	10	Not standardized	1,0	0,1*

Note- In very fine natural sand of class II, in agreement with the consumer, the content of dust and clay particles up to 7% by weight is allowed.

* For sands obtained during the enrichment of ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals of other industries.

Table 5

Note- By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to supply class II sand from sedimentary rocks with a compressive strength of less than 40 MPa, but not less than 20 MPa.

The resistance of sand is determined by the mineralogical and petrographic composition and the content of harmful components and impurities. The list of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities, and their maximum allowable content are given in Appendix A.

4.4.4. Sand from screenings of rock crushing, having a true grain density of more than 2.8 g / cm³ or containing grains of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components in an amount exceeding their permissible content, or containing several different harmful components, is produced for specific types of construction works according to technical documents developed in accordance with the established procedure and coordinated with laboratories specialized in the field of corrosion.

4.4.5. It is allowed to supply a mixture of natural sand and sand from crushing screenings with the latter content of at least 20% by weight, while the quality of the mixture must meet the requirements of this standard for the quality of sands from crushing screenings.

4.4.6. The manufacturer must inform the consumer of the following characteristics established by geological exploration:
- mineralogical and petrographic composition, indicating rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities;
- emptiness;
- content of organic impurities;
is the true density of the sand grains.

4.4.7. Natural sand, when treated with a sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric test for organic impurities according to GOST 8735), should not give the solution a color that matches or is darker than the color of the standard.

4.4.8. The sand must be given a radiation-hygienic assessment, the results of which determine the scope of its application. Sand, depending on the values ​​of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff, is used:
- at A eff up to 370 Bq/kg - in newly built residential and public buildings;
- at A eff St. 370 to 740 Bq / kg - for road construction within the territory of settlements and zones of promising development, as well as during the construction of industrial buildings and structures;
- at A eff St. 740 to 1500 Bq/kg - in road construction outside settlements.

If necessary, in the national norms in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits indicated above.

(Changed edition. Rev. N 2).

4.4.9. The sand must not contain foreign contaminants.

5. Acceptance rules

5.1. Sand must be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control service.

5.2. To verify that the quality of the sand meets the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.

5.3. Acceptance tests at the manufacturing plant are carried out daily by testing one replacement sample taken according to GOST 8735 from each production line.

During acceptance control, determine:
- grain composition;
- content of dust and clay particles;
- content of clay in lumps.

5.4. When periodically testing sand, determine:
- once a quarter - bulk density (bulk density at moisture during shipment is determined as necessary), as well as the presence of organic impurities (humic substances) in natural sand;
- once a year and in each case changes in the properties of the mined rock - the true grain density, the content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities, the strength grade of sand from crushing screenings, the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

Periodic monitoring of the indicator of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is carried out in specialized laboratories accredited in accordance with the established procedure for the right to conduct gamma spectrometric tests or in radiation metric laboratories of supervisory authorities.

In the absence of geological exploration data on the radiation and hygienic assessment of the deposit and the conclusion on the sand class, the manufacturer conducts a radiation and hygienic assessment of the developed rock sections using the express method directly in the face or in the warehouses of finished products (alluvium map) in accordance with the requirements of GOST 30108 .

5.5. The selection and preparation of sand samples for quality control at the manufacturer is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8735.

5.6. Delivery and acceptance of sand is carried out in batches. A batch is considered to be the amount of material that is simultaneously supplied to one consumer in one train or in one vessel. When shipped by road, a batch is the amount of sand shipped to one consumer during the day.

5.7. The consumer, when controlling the quality of sand, must apply the sampling procedure given in 5.8 - 5.11. If the results of the control check on the grain composition and the content of dust and clay particles are unsatisfactory, the batch of sand is not accepted.

5.8. The number of incremental samples taken for the control check of the quality of sand in each batch, depending on the volume of the batch, must be at least:

From incremental samples, a combined sample is formed, which characterizes the controlled lot. Averaging, reduction and sample preparation are carried out according to GOST 8735.

5.9. To control the quality of sand shipped by rail, point samples are taken when unloading wagons from the flow of sand on belt conveyors used to transport it to the consumer's warehouse. When unloading the wagon, five point samples are taken at regular intervals. The number of wagons is determined taking into account obtaining the required number of incremental samples in accordance with 5.8.

Cars are selected at the direction of the consumer. If the batch consists of one wagon, five point samples are taken during its unloading, from which a combined sample is obtained.

If continuous transport is not used during unloading, point samples are taken directly from the wagons. To do this, the sand surface in the car is leveled and holes 0.2–0.4 m deep are dug at the sampling points. The sampling points should be located in the center and at the four corners of the car, while the distance from the sides of the car to the sampling points not less than 0.5 m. Samples from the holes are taken with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the walls of the hole.

5.10. For a control check of the quality of sand supplied by water transport, point samples are taken during unloading of ships. In the case of using belt conveyors for unloading, point samples are taken at regular intervals from the sand flow on the conveyors. When unloading the ship with clamshell cranes, spot samples are taken with a scoop at regular intervals as they are unloaded directly from the newly formed sand surface in the ship, and not from the holes.

For a control check of sand unloaded from ships and laid on alluvium maps by hydromechanization, point samples are taken in accordance with 2.9 GOST 8735.

5.11. To control the quality of sand shipped by road, point samples are taken when unloading cars.

In the case of using belt conveyors for sand unloading, point samples are taken from the sand flow on conveyors. When unloading each car, one point sample is taken. The number of cars is determined taking into account obtaining the required number of incremental samples according to 5.8. Cars are chosen at the direction of the consumer.

If the lot consists of less than ten cars, sand samples are taken from each car.

If conveyor transport is not used when unloading cars, point samples are taken directly from cars. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled, a hole is dug in the center of the body with a depth of 0.2 - 0.4 m. Sand samples are taken from the hole with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.

5.12. The amount of sand supplied is determined by volume or mass. Sand measurement is carried out in wagons, ships or cars.

Sand shipped in wagons or cars is weighed on truck scales. The mass of sand shipped in ships is determined by the ship's draft.

The amount of sand from units of mass to units of volume is recalculated according to the values ​​of the bulk density of sand, determined at its moisture content during shipment. The supply contract indicates the calculated sand moisture content adopted by agreement of the parties.

5.13. The manufacturer is obliged to accompany each batch of supplied sand with a document on its quality in the established form, which must indicate:
- name of the manufacturer and his address;
- number and date of issue of the document;
- batch number and amount of sand;
- wagon numbers and vessel number, invoice numbers;
- class, particle size module, total residue on sieve No. 063;
- the content of dust and clay particles, as well as clay in lumps;
- specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in sand in accordance with 5.4;
- the content of harmful components and impurities;
- designation of this standard.

6. Control methods

6.1. Sand tests are carried out according to GOST 8735.

6.2. The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in sand is determined according to GOST 30108.

7. Transportation and storage

7.1. Sand is transported in open railway wagons and ships, as well as cars in accordance with the rules for the transportation of goods approved in the established manner by the appropriate mode of transport and stored in the warehouse of the manufacturer and consumer in conditions that protect the sand from contamination.

When transporting sand by rail, compliance with the requirements of the Technical Conditions for Loading and Securing Cargoes approved by the Ministry of Railways must also be ensured.

7.2. When shipping and storing sand in winter, the manufacturer must take measures to prevent freezing (shoveling, processing with special solutions, etc.).

Annex A
(mandatory)

The permissible content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities in sand used as aggregate for concrete and mortar should not exceed the following values:
- amorphous varieties of silicon dioxide, soluble in alkalis (chalcedony, opal, flint, etc.) - no more than 50 mmol / l;
- sulfur, sulfides, except for pyrite (marcasite, pyrrhotite, etc.) and sulfates (gypsum, anhydride, etc.) in terms of SO3 - no more than 1.0%; pyrite in terms of SO 3 - no more than 4% by weight;
- mica - no more than 2% by weight;
- halide compounds (halite, sylvin, etc.), including water-soluble chlorides, in terms of chlorine ion - no more than 0.15% by weight;
- coal - no more than 1% by weight;
- organic impurities (humic acids) - less than the amount that gives the sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric test according to GOST 8267) a color corresponding to the color of the standard or darker than this color. The use of sand that does not meet this requirement is allowed only after obtaining positive results of tests of sand in concrete or mortar for durability characteristics.

The permissible content of zeolite, graphite, oil shale is established on the basis of studies of the effect of sand on the durability of concrete or mortar.

“Sand for construction work. Specifications” GOST 8736-93

When performing construction activities, construction sand is necessarily used, which is universal material. It is characterized by natural origin. Depending on the size of the sand fraction and the concentration of impurities, additional processing grinding, washing, drying or screening.

Result natural processes natural sand is a mixture of particles of mountain minerals, which were formed as a result of the decay of rocks with increased hardness.

Sands, depending on the method of extraction, are characterized by individual physical and mechanical characteristics that determine the strength, convenience of preparing a concrete solution produced on their basis.

Complex technical requirements, imposed on the types of sandy raw materials, is regulated by GOST 8736 93. Let's dwell on the types of compositions, consider the main requirements of the current standard.

Natural sand is an inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of the natural destruction of rocky rocks

Varieties of materials

The sand used for construction work is different operational characteristics, physical and mechanical properties depending on the methods of obtaining, which divide the fraction into the following types:

• quarry material obtained using special equipment containing clay and mineral inclusions. An increased concentration of foreign impurities requires additional cleaning with water. The result is alluvial sand, which is distinguished by an acceptable price;
• seeded sandy mass, which is a kind of quarry material. It is characterized by an increased purification factor, which is due to the use of special equipment for screening. Seeded sand is characterized by a reduced concentration of foreign inclusions. Building mortars, compositions for plaster, screeds are prepared from it;
• river sand, extracted from reservoirs, washed in a natural way, which does not require special cleaning. It has a reduced concentration of foreign impurities, which allows it to be used as a filler for concrete mortar and a material used for plaster. It is characterized by an increased cost of obtaining;
• quartz sand produced by grinding natural mineral- quartz. It is used for special technological purposes, the manufacture of glass products, putty mixtures, special construction compounds, coloring components;
• sand produced by crushing fractions obtained during grinding hard rock. Secondary product is different increased strength and specific gravity. It is used as a filler for frost-resistant concrete grades. It is characterized by heterogeneity associated with an increased concentration of the dusty fraction.

The qualitative characteristics of sand and the degree of its suitability for certain works are based on a number of laboratory tests.

General provisions

Articles of the standard for sand apply to the following types of bulk materials:

• natural origin, quarry or river. The material of inorganic origin is the result of natural processes for the destruction of rocks. Natural sand is obtained in the process of developing special deposits. The use of enrichment technology is allowed;
• obtained by sifting crushed rocks. The starting material is screenings of inorganic origin, obtained in the manufacture of crushed stone, as well as in the process of sifting fractions obtained during the enrichment of ores and minerals.

Sands that meet the standard are distinguished by a specific gravity of 2000-2800 kg / m3.

The provisions of the standard do not apply to the following types of fractions:

• Sands sifted using special devices, differing in geometric dimensions and artificially divided into several fractions.
• Crushed fractions up to 5 millimeters in size, produced by crushing rocky rocks on special crushing devices.

Application

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Depending on which brand of sand is used, the material is used for the following purposes:

• applications in the composition of porous, silicate, fine-grained, heavy concrete solutions as a placeholder;

For the construction of brick or block masonry, it is advisable to use a sand fraction of no more than 2.5 mm, and for sealing joints on prefabricated structures - about 5 mm

• preparation of dry construction compositions;
• preparation of special mortars intended for the arrangement of foundations, road surfaces;
• fulfillment plastering works, laying bricks, blocks and screed bases.

Spheres of use of demanded building material different:

• Industrial, civil construction.
• Agricultural industry.
• Road construction.
• Glass production.

Size criteria

The document distinguishes two groups that differ in particle size distribution:

• the first class includes various size groups, starting with a fine fraction, 1.5-2 mm in size, and ending with a composition obtained as a result of sifting crushed products, the particle size modulus of which is more than 3.5;

  

  Sand is classified by type and origin, the presence of organic or inorganic impurities, the composition and nature of the shape of the grains.

• the second class is represented by an expanded range of sandy compositions, including a dusty fraction, the particle size of which does not exceed 0.7 mm, as well as all types of fine compositions, medium sand and fractions of increased size from 3.5 to 5 mm.

Each type, according to the requirements of the standard, has a corresponding particle size module, shown in the tables normative document. So, for example, medium-sized sand has a uniform particle size distribution with particles 2-2.5 mm in size.

The document obliges manufacturers to control the size of the composition. This is done by sifting the material on a special sieve, followed by control of the percentage of the fraction that exceeds the size of the mesh cells installed on the sieve.

The standard provides for various classes the following percentage of large particles, the size of which exceeds 5, 10 mm, as well as grains smaller than 0.16 mm:

• The composition of the first class is characterized by a reduced content of large inclusions, the concentration of which is in the range from 0.5 to 10%.
• The material of the second class is distinguished by an increased concentration of inclusions increased to 10 millimeters, the proportion of which ranges from 5 to 20% of the mass.