The name of trees and shrubs in autumn attire. The best fall shrubs for your garden. Why do leaves change color in autumn

01.08.2017

Autumn is not the most fun time of the year. Warm days are leaving, favorite flowers are fading, the garden is losing color more and more and the gloomy rainy season is approaching. To smooth out the sadness from the approaching sad times, add to the garden autumn plants with brightly colored leaves. Vibrant reds, purples and orange colors create good mood and decorate your garden.

bright autumn shrubs

Not a single garden can do without shrubs, with their help you can create landscape compositions and living fences. A variety of flowers will make the garden beautiful not only in summer, but also with the onset of cold weather. Here are some of them.

Euonymus winged

This shrub reaches a height of 1.5 meters, and a diameter of 1.5 meters. Its flowering in early summer is rather modest, but the bright red-lilac color of the leaves in autumn is simply mesmerizing. He treats the haircut very positively, responding to it with the formation of a dense crown of a given shape. The winged euonymus does not like dry soil and prefers sunny places. Be careful, the sap of the plant is poisonous, use gloves when pruning.

Aronia chokeberry

Commonly called chokeberry. In addition to the fact that this shrub is autumn period decorate your garden with red and orange hues, aronia berries are very useful and can be used in the preparation of compotes, tinctures and other goodies. Rowan chokeberry grows up to 2 - 3 meters high, has a rather sprawling shape. Will bloom in spring with beautiful and fragrant corymbose inflorescences white color. Aronia is quite unpretentious and grows well in middle lane Russia. The crown of the shrub can be formed.

Irga

It's pretty tall shrub, 3-4 meters tall, sometimes it can look more like a tree than a bush. Absolutely unpretentious plant, able to grow on any soil and does not require special care. By planting an irgu in your garden, you will immediately receive several advantages: firstly, it is a lush spring bloom second, the sweet berries that ripen in early summer, and third, the beautiful red and deep red leaves in autumn.

Ginnala Maple

Another bright and tall autumn shrub. Its height is from 3 to 5 meters. It can be single-stemmed with a wide crown or multi-stemmed with a tent-shaped crown. This plant will become a long-liver in your garden, because its life expectancy is up to 250 years! The ginnal maple is beautiful in spring when it blooms, in summer thanks to its mosaic leaves, and in autumn it turns into a fiery red fountain. Maple winters well in our conditions, and frozen shoots in spring tolerate pruning well. The main thing is to choose sunny places for him, otherwise in the shade he may lose his decorative qualities.

Barberry Thunberg

The varieties of this barberry differ in the color of the leaves, they can be green, purple or yellow, with a border or veins. And also the Thunberg barberry, depending on the variety, can be from 50 cm to 2-3 meters high. By autumn, the foliage turns orange or bright red. Barberry is unpretentious to the soil and lends itself to formation without problems. Some varieties tolerate shade well without losing their varietal qualities. This shrub will decorate your garden in summer and autumn, thanks to the amazing color of the leaves. Pay attention to varieties:

• Bagatelle: crimson red in summer, bright red in autumn.
• Aurea: yellow in summer, golden yellow in autumn.
• Golden Ring: dark purple in summer with a yellow-green border around the edges, red in autumn.
• Green Carpet: light green in summer, bright red in autumn.

Bubbleweed viburnum Diablo

Highly unpretentious shrub up to 3 meters high with spreading branches, beautifully drooping to the ground. Purple lobed leaves are the main decorative feature of this plant, and they retain their color in summer and autumn, and even when the first snow falls. Frosted purple leaves look very beautiful in an empty garden. Its flowering in spring is also magnificent, dense corymbose inflorescences of white color fall asleep with a bush with a waterfall. To preserve the color of the leaves, it is better to plant it on sunny place. The crown lends itself well to shaping: if you want to give it spherical shape, this can be done with regular pruning.

Here are some of the most prominent representatives autumn shrubs that will brighten up your garden at this slightly sad time of the year. All of them will not require you complex care, but will help to compose very interesting compositions in your garden along with other plants.

House project "Time to create gardens"

Let's remember

1. What deciduous trees and shrubs have you seen in nature? Which ones are in autumn outfit do you find the most beautiful?
2. Has it changed appearance pines, firs?

In autumn, most deciduous trees and shrubs, the color of the leaves changes. These plants are amazingly beautiful in autumn attire!

The change in color of the leaves is followed by leaf fall. It has for plants very great importance. Imagine that the leaves of be fall off, but remain on a tree or shrub. In winter, snow will fall on them, and even the thickest branches can break under its weight. The plant will be severely damaged or even die. This means that leaf fall is the preparation of the plant for the harsh season - for winter.

Almost all coniferous plants unlike deciduous ones, they remain as green in autumn as they are in summer. They do not shed their needles for the winter. These are coniferous trees - pine and spruce, as well as coniferous shrub- juniper.

But do not think that their needles do not fall off at all. They fall gradually throughout the year. For example, in a pine tree, the needles stay on the branches for 2-3 years, and in spruce - for 5-7 years. It is easy to see that they really fall off. Look under your feet in a pine or spruce forest and you will see that everything is strewn with dead needles.

• Consider the drawing. Compare the autumn color of the leaves of different plants.

Let's listen to the fall

Imagine that we stopped in a clearing among oaks and birches and for a long time, quietly, attentively listening to the autumn forest... Rustle all around, sometimes so loud that it seems - someone is walking. And it's big falling oak leaves. You can hear how they hit the branches, how they land on the same noisy leaves. After all, the whole earth is already covered with a yellow-brown crispy carpet. The birch leaves fall almost silently... But suddenly - a gust of wind. And at once many, many leaves break from the trees. And those that are still holding on, shudder. And a loud wave of dry rustling rolls over the branches... It is very, very interesting not only to watch, but also to listen to the fall of the leaves!

Let's open the atlas-determinant

Identify trees and shrubs by fruits.

Let's discuss

• In the book "The Giant in the Clearing" we read the fairy tale "Conversation in the Forest". How many of you had to observe the cases that hazel and aspen told about? What do you think of it? Do you always take good care of your plants?

Let's think!

• Why in winter, even after heavy snowfalls, branches coniferous trees don't break?

Let's check ourselves

1. What changes occur in autumn in the life of deciduous trees and shrubs?
2. What do conifers look like in autumn?

Let's draw a conclusion

Leaf color change and leaf fall are the main autumn phenomena in the life of trees and shrubs. And also the main source of the unique beauty of this time of year.

The summer outfits of most deciduous trees and shrubs are not impressive with their diversity: they are painted even in different shades, but one gamut - green.

After all, in summer all the efforts of plants are concentrated on flowering; they successfully use the foliage as a background against which the flowers are best seen by numerous insects, gratefully performing the function of fertilization (note that in wind-pollinated species, the flowers are small and inconspicuous, because visual emotions are alien to the color-blind wind).

In the fall, freed from parental troubles, trees and shrubs are transformed, replacing boring monotonously strict dresses with chic clothes of unimaginable colors. The long-awaited fashion show is coming.

How the color of tree leaves changes in autumn

Leaf coloring occurs gradually and continuously, depending on the degree of illumination and air temperature.

Earlier, the southern part of the crown and plants in the lowlands with stagnant cold air change color.

In the mountains, the process begins at the tops and moves from top to bottom to the bottom. A warm and dry lingering autumn prolongs the spectacle, while early frosts, on the contrary, abruptly end the performance, preventing some participants from dressing up.

AT favorable conditions each breed has an individual interval from the beginning of foliage coloring to the acquisition of deep color. One to two months is plenty of time to fully enjoy the aesthetics of this romantic season and take plant selection seriously. Moreover, most of our fellow citizens prefer the autumn landscape.

Natural compositions depend on the totality of trees and shrubs in this particular place, but we, guided by personal preferences, artistic taste, size and topography of the site, can create an exclusive colorful world of the autumn estate.

Chief Assistant this is nature, which has created a unique " construction material» with the widest range of colors, giving you the opportunity to choose. The inclusion of foreign species in the park community will significantly replenish the palette with fresh shades. Let's name just a few of them.

Foreign species for a rich autumn palette

Aronia chokeberry- a guest from North America who has taken root with us with delicious, possessing medicinal properties fruits.

Paper birch is a native of North America. Graceful white-bark tree with big leaves, almost three times greater than the leaves of silver birch.

Privet Ibota- a resident of northern and eastern China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan. Beautiful ornamental plant rare coloration autumn leaves- burgundy purple. Suitable for hedges and geometrically correct living sculptures.

- North American species with huge (5-6 cm) needles, whole foliage plate and large juicy fruits, to taste reminiscent of heavenly apples.

Or Canadian - a representative of the North American flora. The openwork crown is decorated with complex, doubly pinnate leaves, sometimes reaching half a meter in length. In the bright sun, the Bunduk "cunning": unfolds the leaves in parallel sunbeams, therefore does not give a dense shadow.

Diervilla brook originally from North America. Good in flowering (inflorescences with yellow small flowers), but especially elegant in autumn.

- a native of the New World (eastern United States). The brilliant foliage shining in the rays of the sun in autumn is simply mesmerizing. The fruits are very recognizable: chubby shorties decorate the tree with small toys.

- Another American (east of North America). From relatives - high-quality nut-bearing - it differs in the bitterness of seeds, resembling hearts in outline. Gorgeous in autumn thanks to juicy shiny foliage.

- in its native lands (Central China) it spreads and reaches half a meter in height, in culture it can grow up to a meter or more. The fruits are edible, but taste qualities very low.

Kerria japonica has dual citizenship: in Japan and China. In our area, it is cultivated as a covering species, otherwise it freezes to the level of snow cover. It is worth growing because of the delicate light green leaves, the emerald bark of the shoots and the pretty yellow flowers (especially the terry form).

Hazel tree- a native of the Caucasus, the Balkans, Asia Minor. Notable for its size, decorativeness, bark texture, nut nutrition (65 percent fat) and fluffy fruit wraps that completely hide small nuts.

Forestiera New Mexican familiar to the cowboys of Texas, New Mexico and Colorado. Its flowering and fruiting are visible only to insects, but the rather fluffy crown deserves attention, especially the autumn light lemon leaves.

Bird cherry Maaka oriental beauty, not a stranger in our Far East. It differs markedly among relatives in its unusually bright, red-purple bark with a mother-of-pearl sheen.

Keep in mind when composing the autumn palette of the garden:

The arrangement of the autumn park ensemble requires a creative approach. If the painter starts with white sheet, then in landscape design everything is much more complicated. As initial conditions, we have the sky, reservoirs, relief, architectural buildings, landscapes outside the estate, in the end, a personal attitude to certain plants - what is called taste. Further complicating the task is such an important variable as sunlight, changing the angle and intensity of illumination.

Weather correct the autumn color of trees and shrubs. For example, scarlet oak can take on all shades of yellow and orange, up to deep red. The tannery outfit has an even larger color range, which depends on the lighting not only of the entire crown, but also of each individual leaf. Every year the garden will surprise you with unexpected metamorphoses.

The role of conifers in autumn garden increases sharply, because after leaf fall they will take on a decorative load. Only larch, false larch, metasequoia and marsh cypress, having supported the general courage, will finally blind with golden needles.

Among the numerous group of euonymus ( Euonymus) for the design of any garden there is a suitable representative. In the old days, spindles were turned from the wood of the euonymus. The memory of this was preserved in his German name: "spindle bush".

Today, the euonymus, like ivy, climbs the walls, kindles autumn bonfires in the garden, keeps company with colorful annuals and perennials in the flower beds.

As ground cover plants numerous varieties are often used in country landscape design Fortune's euonymus. For one square meter It is recommended to plant about 5 plants. Among the favorites are the yellow-and-white variety "Emerald'n Gold""and white-and-white" Emerald Gaiety". Both varieties can be grown in the form standard tree. Since they tolerate pruning well, bushes can always be given a beautiful shape.

Most euonymus love light partial shade.

Variegated varieties need more sun than green ones. But here with the variety blonde"be careful: under the scorching rays of the sun, it can simply burn out, but in a light shade it feels great. Yellow-variegated varieties spread evergreen carpets under the trees.

Fortune's Euonymus able to grow on the wall to a height of two to three meters. Just be aware that clinging roots slip off concrete walls, so you need to take care of the supports in advance. Evergreen spindle trees are often used in landscaping to camouflage a wire mesh fence.

Euonymus can also decorate a balcony or terrace. In pots and tubs, these undemanding plants feel great. For small troughs, a short-haired one is recommended evergreen variety Minimus.

From England, a "mixed rabatka" came to us, along the edges of which a creeping euonymus 30-40 cm high grows. Its taller relatives are ideal for the center of the flower bed.

The long shoots of the creeping euonymus sometimes "creep" exactly where we would like. Meanwhile, it is very easy to give them the right direction. Flexible branches are pinned to the ground and left with mother plant before rooting. Rooted layers can then be separated and transplanted to another place.

Euonymus in autumn is one of the most beautiful plants

Euonymus flat-petiolate and b. winged should be in every garden, if only for their amazing fall color. Even in a light shade under the trees, the winged euonymus turns into a delicate lilac-pink color.

Pink fruits, ripening, open, and bright orange-red seeds peek out of them. The spectacle is very spectacular, but we must not forget that they, like all other parts of the plant, are poisonous. Fruit b. flat-bottomed especially decorative. This sprawling bush looks spectacular and as a tapeworm in open field, and in a tub. Already in September, its leaves acquire a beautiful autumn color.

In a natural style garden, for example for a "wild" hedge, it is better to plant native species of euonymus. By the way, they set a rich table for birds.

Place in landscape design

• Climbing Fortune's euonymus ideal for curly haircuts. Shoots are pruned before the leaves bloom or at the end of June.
• Fire and flames are flat-petiolate euonymus. His color palette ranges from yellow to carmine red.
• "Emerald'n Gold" like all sorts b. fortune, grows in width twice as much as in height.
• The creeping euonymus feels equally good both in the shade and in the sun.
• Low-growing stlanets like variegated Emerald Gaiety can grow up the wall like ivy. Leaves for winter Emerald Gaiety change their color to yellow-pink-red.
• B. winged (Euonymus alatus) it is brightly colored, but there are few fruits on it. His ideal partner- strewn with apples decorative apple tree "Butterball". B. winged is very beautiful in winter. Plant it closer to the pathsso that its decorative bark with cork ridges is visible.