How to propagate pyramidal poplar cuttings. Interesting facts about poplar. Reproduction methods at home

Today it is quite difficult to imagine both the roadsides and the streets of villages and cities that would not be surrounded by poplars. It is these trees that are considered to be, so to speak, the owners of the streets. The exact country of origin of the poplar is unknown, experts agree that it could be either Afghanistan or the Himalayas. Poplar has the appearance of a slender tree, the height of which can sometimes reach 35 meters.

Pyramidal poplar has a rather narrow columnar crown. Most often it can be found in the culture of Italy, which is why another name for this variety appeared - Italian poplar. In the culture of this plant, it is rare to find female individuals.. In addition to the pyramidal, it has other no less amiable names, which include such as Italian poplar, columnar and Lombard.

plant description

This type of tree is striking in its extraordinary harmony. In addition, the roofing sheet has a unique crown, which is often quite narrow or columnar. If the tree is not pruned in a timely manner, it can reach quite large sizes. Such poplars grow quite quickly. Often in the middle of autumn, Lombardy poplar completely loses its leaves. The plant is quite frost-resistant, although it can be severely damaged in severe frosts.

Morphological characteristics

• the height of the trunk can reach up to 45 meters;
• branches directed mainly upwards or obliquely;
• the leaves are diamond-shaped;
• flowers are united among themselves in catkins;
• compared to other varieties of poplars, the pyramidal has a significantly smaller leaf plate.

Pyramidal is the only plant that is able to enrich environment oxygen throughout the day. At the same time, photosynthesis in its leaves happens even at night. The male tree is considered the most cultivated.

In general, the lifetime of a tree directly depends on the following factors:

• living conditions;
• timely and correct pruning crowns

Tree care rules

When it comes to creating a series of pyramidal-type crops, it is imperative to maintain a distance between trees, which should not be less than 2 by 3 meters. root system poplar is quite long and wide, which is why the planting pit should not be less than 1 meter deep.

Soil conditions

The most favorable soils for planting are fertile soils, which must necessarily include the following components:

• sod land;
• sand;
• peat.

If the soil is classified as heavy, it is imperative to place a layer on the bottom of the hole before planting. drainage type which should be placed no more than one third of the pit. In order for the poplar to please for more than one year with its beauty, the landing is carried out in areas where there is free access to sunlight.

Regarding fertilizers, this tree prefers nitrogen and potash. When planting, nitroammophoska is applied with the calculation of 100 grams per square meter landing. A tree of this type loves moisture, therefore, when watering one plant, it is necessary to use at least 30 liters of water. Plants of the first year of life, in the absence of rain, are watered at least three times a month. In addition, it is important not to forget about watering during the drought period. At this time, even mature trees require watering. For achievement more moisture, the first years of the life of seedlings, it is recommended to loosen the near-stem circle.

After winter and summer, you should also not forget about piercing near the trunk to a depth of at least 20 centimeters. This kind of procedure will in autumn period prepare the poplar for winter, and in the spring, with the help of this procedure, the ingress of oxygen and air into the root system increases. Pyramidal poplar over the age of 7 years does not require loosening, then the soil around it can be safely sown with lawn-type grass.

Care after landing

After planting and watering, it is worth mulching with peat or sawdust.

Mowing and pruning should be done annually. After pruning, the resulting wounds are treated with a special lubricant for garden trees. During cutting, it is worth leaving twigs of at least 20 centimeters. In addition, it is important to ensure that the crown of the tree is as even as possible.

To rejuvenate the plant, it is worth periodically cutting off its top. However, after carrying out such a procedure, it is imperative to feed the plants and dig up the earth near the poplar trunk.

This tree does not require preparation before winter. The plant is quite resistant to frost and sudden changes in temperature.

After a complete cutting of a tree, a bunch of undergrowth can grow quite quickly, which can be partially cut off and, thus, form a new tree.

reproduction

This type of tree can reproduce in two ways:

1. Vegetative propagation method - with this type of poplar twigs, they take root rather quickly. For cuttings, mainly shoots are used, the age of which does not exceed one year.
2. Propagation method using seeds.

Akmola region

Sandyktau region

GU Maksimovskaya high school

VASILTSOV ARTEM

1 class

Topic: "Is it possible to grow poplar seedlings at home?"

Direction : natural science

Section : biology

Supervisor: Vasilyeva Svetlana Alekseevna

Maksimovka, 2015

Content:

Abstract………………………………………3-4

Introduction………………………………………5

I.Theoretical part……………………… 5-8

I.one. Poplar plant…………………………5-6

I.2.Plant species…………………………….6

I.3.Economic use………………6-7

I.4. Plant properties………………………..7

I.5.Mythology………………………………………7

I.6.Reproduction………………………………….7-8

II. Practical part…………………………8-9

II.one. Obtaining poplar cuttings……………8-9

II.2. Cultivation of poplar seedlings and care ... 9

Conclusion……………………………………. ten

List of used literature……………11

Feedback on work………………………………..12

Appendix ……………………………… …...13

abstract

Target: Growing poplar seedlings on your own room conditions from cuttings.

Tasks: Collect material about the plant - poplar. Get cuttings, grow seedlings. Learn to observe the process of their development.

Hypothesis: The plant can be grown at home from cuttings and the grown seedlings can be used as planting material for landscaping streets.

Research methods:

1. Observation: we observed the development of cuttings, made conclusions about whether they like light, water, air temperature.

2. Research: obtaining seedlings at home. As a result of the work, we have grown seedlings.

This project can be used as a recommendation for growing poplar seedlings indoors, which is used as planting material for landscaping the streets and is a decoration of the village, a source of oxygen, inspiration and joy.

Abstract

object: Independently grow poplar seedlings indoors from cuttings.

tasks: Collect material on plant - poplar. Get cuttings, grow seedlings. Learning to observe the process of their development.

hypothesis: The plant can be grown at home from cuttings and grown seedlings can be used as planting material for landscaping streets.

Research methods:

1.Observation: observe the development of cuttings, conclude that, whether they like light, water, air temperature.

2.Research: obtain seedlings at home. As a result, the work we have grown seedlings.

This project can be used as a reference for the cultivation of poplar seedlings indoors, which is used as planting material for landscaping streets and is a jewel of the village, a source of oxygen, inspiration and joy.

Introduction.

Human life is associated with plants that affect his health, carry a certain energy and affect the human biofield.

There are many different trees and shrubs growing in our village. Poplars grew near my house. These green friends, beloved by us, brought us much joy. Their huge crowns covered almost the entire area from the sultry sun. There, in the shade, there used to be calves, geese with goslings, even a cat would climb onto a thick, branched trunk and stretch out with pleasure, only lazily waving its tail. Yes, and we - the children loved to play under the poplars. But gradually our favorites began to turn yellow and dry, and completely disappeared. I wondered if it was possible to grow new trees. Then I studied the material about poplars and decided, without waiting for spring, to get down to business.

The purpose of my work: To study the material about the plant - poplar, its growth in nature and independently grow poplar seedlings in room conditions from cuttings. Observation and its accounting is important for conclusions.

Relevance. This project can be used as a recommendation for the cultivation of poplar seedlings, which are used for landscaping streets, in folk medicine a source of inspiration and joy.

I . Theoretical part.

I .1.Plant - poplar . This wonderful plant belongs to the willow family. The main homeland of this handsome man is considered to be Ancient Greece. There, they planted squares and streets with them and called them “folk” - ‘populus’, so the genus of poplars began to be called by this name.These are large dioecious trees up to 40 m high, with small flowers collected in earrings that appear before the leaves begin to bloom. The fruit is a box with small seeds, equipped with volutes in the form of a bunch of hairs (“poplar fluff”). Them negative qualities- fragility and damage by pests. A valuable quality is sufficient resistance to smoke and gases, the ability to enrich the air with phytoncides and kill pathogenic microbes.

I .2. Types of plants. The genus of poplars includes 110 species. This poplar is balsamic, white, silvery, fragrant, Canadian, pyramidal, black. Leaves glabrous or pubescent or broadly ovate. The crown can also be various ovoid, pyramidal, tent-shaped, weeping.Poplar is a long-liver, living for about 300 years. Old trees have a dark trunk, and there are growths on the bottom of the trunk. The tree has a wide, spreading crown with branches that are directed to the sides. Poplar buds are covered with resin.Most poplars are very photophilous. Poplars grow very quickly, which is not the case with other tree species.

I .3. Economic use. Poplar wood is light, white, soft, well processed and used very widely for technical purposes: as a raw material for paper industry, to obtain rayon, the manufacture of match straws, plywood, simple furniture, lumber, containers, dugouts and much more. Wood also goes for firewood and charcoal Low quality. In the southern, sparsely forested areas, wood is used for the construction of buildings, it was also used long time under construction railways as sleepers. .Purple dye is obtained from the kidneys.
Becomes noticeable in winter vertical position poplar trunk, which served as a wide distribution of poplar in the landscaping of streets and alleys. Poplar - tenacious chemical laboratory- plant for the production of oxygen. Absorption of all harmful waste from the air and soil, the middle-aged poplar absorbs up to 40 kilograms throughout the summer carbon dioxide at one o'clock. According to scientific data, for larch this figure will be 118%, for pine - 164%, for linden - 254%, for oak - 450%, and for poplar - 691%. It has been verified that poplar fluff does not cause allergies. are seeds, and seeds are not allergens. The reason is other plants blooming at the same time.
In connection with rapid growth it is used to produce fuel (ethanol) and heat (combustion). The poplar is growing fast.
Genetically modified poplar is currently being field tested in the US, Canada, EU, and China to improve wood quality, pest resistance, and uptake and accumulation of heavy metals to cleanse the soil.

I .4.Properties a plants. Poplar has medicinal properties.Traditional medicine recommends that freshly blossomed sticky leaves be boiled or rubbed with butter, and applied to abscesses, cuts, boils. Ibn Sina used black poplar leaves infused in vinegar for dressings for gout. Kidney tincture is drunk for pulmonary tuberculosis, gastritis, fatigue, fatigue, as well as mixed with other herbs for cancer, various internal bleeding. Young leaves are used for soothing baths, and freshly squeezed juice from the leaves is used for toothache, with increased nervous excitability. In cosmetology, poplar is used to get rid of freckles and age spots. Poplar bark - as an antimalarial.

I .5. Mythology. In many countries, poplar is associated with mythology. One of the Greek legends tells how poplars appeared on Earth. Phaeton (the son of the sun god), in order to prove his divine origin, decided to ride across the sky on the chariot of Helios, but could not cope with the team, which, sweeping away everything in its path, rushed from the sky to Earth. Zeus struck the chariot with lightning and smashed it to prevent all life on Earth from perishing. Phaeton died in the waves of the river. Phaethon's sisters grieved immeasurably, and the Sun did not shine that day. The gods took pity on the grief of the sisters and turned them into slender, sacred trees for the Greeks - poplars.
I .6. Reproduction. Poplar is propagated by seeds and cuttings. It is not very easy to propagate the plant with seeds. Poplar seeds are small and therefore difficult to sow. After collecting the seeds, they must be immediately sown in the soil. Sowing seeds is carried out as follows: the seeds are scattered over the soil and sprinkled with water on top so that the hairs stick together and the seeds remain on the surface of the soil. It is not necessary to pour soil over the seeds. If the weather is dry, then the seeds are covered with a film.Poplar can also be propagated by cuttings. It is better, and much easier, to use lignified cuttings for growing, because they will take root faster and produce developed seedlings in the first year. Harvest cuttings in the spring, even before the leaves bloom. You can cut cuttings only at the branches of the last year. Each cutting must have at least 2 buds. Planted cuttings as early as possible and in rows. A distance of 10 cm must be observed between the cuttings. The cuttings are deepened so that the buds remain above the soil surface. Immediately after planting the cuttings in the soil, watering is carried out so that the cuttings take root quickly. The plants are watered every day until the young shoots grow up to 15 cm. And in the future, the shoots are watered only as needed.

I .7. tree trimming . Poplars lend themselves well to shearing and pruning and easily restore the crown. Immediately after any pruning, all wounds larger than 2.5 cm in diameter should be covered with garden putty or painted over. oil paint on the natural drying oil. Trimming should start with early age and do it annually. Cut off 1/2 the length of the shoot, leaving 10-20 cm on the tree. The shape of the crown should be even, without protruding shoots. Strong pruning is carried out in winter or in early spring before the start of sap flow. A powerful shoot is formed from the stump, which should then be formed. When rejuvenating plants, only the tops are cut off, that is, about 10 - 15% of the height. After heavy pruning, fertilize, water and loosen regularly. trunk circle. Shelter for the winter is not required. Frost-resistant.

II .Practical part.

II .1.Getting cuttings poplars . Cut off woody cuttings different sizes 15-20 cm, so that each cutting had several live buds, especially in its upper part (the one that was closer to the top of the shoot. (Appendix). The cuttings lay indoors for a day at room temperature. Then they were placed in a jar of water. (Appendix).

II .2. Growing seedlings. Care for them. After the appearance of the roots, the cuttings were planted in pots. The optimal composition of the soil for this plant is as follows: three parts of the earth, which in equal shares consists of sod, leaf and humus, and one part of sand. The size of the pot for cuttings is twelve to sixteen centimeters in diameter.The soil was compacted and watered. The greenhouse was placed in a warm and bright place. (Appendix).A month after planting, the cuttings increased by 12 cm. (Appendix). Poplars are unpretentious, they easily adapted to the conditions of the house. Before planting the cuttings in the ground, they were hardened. To do this, pots with cuttings were taken out daily for 2-3 hours under a canopy, protected from wind and direct sunlight.

Hardened new plants were planted in the ground in early spring. (Appendix). Watered as needed so that the soil was saturated to the depth of the roots.

Conclusion.

Having studied the material about poplar, the seedlings were grown in room conditions.

During the period of observation and cultivation of a new plant, we made the following conclusions:

1. We have experimentally shown that it is possible to grow poplar seedlings at home. The plant has adapted to home conditions. Proper care behind him contributes good development and abundant root formation.

2. The best breeding poplars are cuttings.

3. Plants grown from cuttings are stronger, have a good root system, which is necessary condition for habitation.

4.Poplar- amazing plant, which is used for landscaping the streets of the village and, in addition to beauty, has unique healing properties.

The materials of this work can be used for practical application when propagating and growing at home poplar, which is used for landscaping and in folk medicine. The poplar is a decoration of the village, a source of inspiration and joy.

List of used literature:

Gabriela Voke, Encyclopedia of Plants, trans. from German: Nauka, 1999.

›

Feedback on work: “Is it possible to grow poplar seedlings at home?” Vasiltsov Artem.

The author of the work set a goal: to learn about the plant - poplar and grow poplar seedlings at home from cuttings. The student deeply studied the literature on this issue, attracted material from magazines, encyclopedias, the Internet, and received advice from a doctor. I tried to independently analyze and systematize the material, which made it possible to enrich my understanding of the plant and the cultivation of seedlings. Developed diligence, responsibility, independence, enterprise.

Head_______________ Vasilyeva S.A.

Appendix.

Everyone knows beautiful tall trees- . They are in almost all yards, some plant them on suburban area or near a private house. In our article, we will tell you what a pyramidal poplar is and give a description of it.

Short description

The pyramidal poplar belongs to the Willow family. In height, it can reach 40 meters, and in width - up to 1 meter. It has a pyramidal crown: the branches rush upwards. Flowering falls on March-April. One poplar tree can live for over 300 years. The tree has a smooth gray bark, a well-developed root system. Growth is pretty fast.

Important! Despite the fact that poplar belongs to light-loving plants, in the first year of life it is better to provide it with shading. This can be done artificially - by creating a canopy or shelter.

It grows best on loamy, slightly acidic and neutral soil, loves moisture, light and tolerates frost well. Often found on roadsides.

How to choose seedlings when buying

If you decide to purchase seedlings, we do not recommend going to the market. To find a really healthy one, it is better to contact a specialized store or a farm that is purposefully engaged in growing seedlings.
Please note that young tree should have light bark, several shoots. Look at the root system - if it is not visible due to the large amount of land - it is better not to buy such a plant. Acquire better seedlings males - they do not produce fluff, which adversely affects people's health, causing allergies.

Selecting a landing site

When choosing a place to plant, be sure to consider that the tree will grow and have a powerful root system that can damage the foundation and destroy the asphalt. That is why it is not recommended to plant poplars closer than 50 meters from buildings, and also too close to the roadway.
Pyramidal poplar loves open sunny areas - this must also be taken into account when choosing a place to plant.

Step by step boarding process

In order for a tree to take root, it is necessary to observe certain rules and recommendations. It is best to plant in autumn or spring - it is at this time that the trees take root best. It is necessary to plant cuttings, on which there must be several live buds.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with step by step instructions poplar planting:

1. It is necessary to dig a hole 1 meter deep.
2. Provide the seedling with a good one.
3. Deepen the seedling into the hole. In this case, the root neck should not be deeper than 2 cm.
4. Sprinkle the seedling with earth.
5. Tie up for more stability. young tree to the support until it gets stronger.

When creating a row of pyramidal poplars, it is necessary to plant trees at a distance of 1.5x3 meters or 2.4x4 meters.

young tree care

Planting and caring for pyramidal poplar require some effort. Young trees are recommended to be watered twice a month. Since the tree has a developed root system, it is necessary to pour at least 25 liters of water under each seedling. Periodically, it is recommended to loosen the soil around the trunk - this will contribute to the rapid growth of the tree.
In autumn and spring, it is necessary to perform a bayonet to a depth of 10-15 cm.

Mature tree care

After 6-7 years, loosening the soil can be omitted. occurs extremely rarely, once a month is enough, and with regular rainfall, you can not water the tree at all. After this time, the near-stem circles are usually sown. From time to time it is necessary to carry out pruning to form a crown. After this procedure, all sections with a diameter of more than 2.5 cm are covered with garden putty.

Pruning should be done every year from young age. It is worth cutting half the length of the shoots, leaving 10-20 cm on the poplar. Shoots should not stick out of the crown, it should be even. Since the rate of growth of the pyramidal poplar is quite high, pruning may be required more frequently.

Did you know? Poplar is the only tree that constantly saturates the atmosphere with oxygen. The rest of the trees are able to produce oxygen only during daylight hours.

If you want to rejuvenate a plant, you only need to cut off its tops, which make up about 10% of the total height of the tree. After the trimming process has been carried out, without fail fertilizers are applied, regular watering and loosening of the near-stem circle are carried out.

Strong pruning should be done in winter or early spring, before active sap flow begins. Pruning a pyramidal poplar is a rather painstaking work, but the beauty and health of the tree depends on it.

Diseases and pests

Among the most common poplar diseases are necrosis. Also, a tree can infect certain types of tree cancer. In case of disease, the plants must be destroyed and treated with creosol and fuel oil.
Often young trees are affected by fungal diseases. Negative influence plants can also be affected by pests that lay larvae on the foliage. To prevent their invasion or destroy existing ones, apply.

Application in landscape design

Among the main useful features poplars - purification of air from dust, gases, so it is extremely necessary to plant it in big cities. Often it is used to create compositions in parks, alleys. It can be planted both singly and en masse.

Important! If you are aiming to grow trees for sale, you need to plant male and female plants- this will improve the quality of seed reproduction.

The beautiful crown of pyramidal poplars makes them in demand when creating original ones. Also, with the help of trees, beautiful, high green protective walls are created.

Reproduction methods at home

There are two ways to propagate poplar: seeds and cuttings. Let's consider them.

Growing from seed

This method is quite complicated, so it is practically not used at home. If, nevertheless, you decide to try to grow poplar in this way, you will need to purchase seed, germinate it, plant it in containers with special soil and wait until seedlings appear. However, as practice shows, in most cases, this method of growing at home does not give the expected results.

Large dioecious trees up to 40 m high, with small flowers collected in catkins, which appear before the leaves open or simultaneously with them. The fruit is a box with small seeds, equipped with volutes in the form of a bunch of hairs (“poplar fluff”). During seed dispersal, fluff in in large numbers rushes in the air, littering everything around. Therefore, when using poplars in landscaping, planting of female specimens should be avoided. At vegetative reproduction ONLY MALE plants should be used.

Poplar pyramidal - slender tree up to 30 m tall, with a very narrow, columnar crown, loosely dressing the trunk standing tree from the earth. Due to the abundance of this species in the culture of Italy, it is often called "Italian" or "Lombard poplar". Morphologically (except for the shape of the crown) it differs little from black poplar, but ecologically it is very much. The leaves are rhombic or triangular (like the osocor), but somewhat smaller; foliage and flowering occurs earlier than in black poplar; leaf fall - in late October - early November, so the growing season is longer, and frost resistance is lower.

In culture, there are mainly male specimens (female ones are found in the cities of the Lower Volga region). Longevity in urban plantings depends on habitat conditions. Very spectacular tree in single, group, ordinary and alley plantings. With its monumental, pyramidal, dark green crown, it gives a special, southern character to the landscape, resembling slender, pyramidal cypresses. Good for quickly creating green protective walls.

Black poplar - A large tree, up to 30 m high, with a powerful, wide, branched crown and a cylindrical trunk, the bark of which is initially smooth, gray, later blackening, with deep cracks. Young shoots are shiny, yellow or yellowish-gray, smooth, slightly faceted. The leaves are rhombic or triangular, with a long thin tip at the top, dark green above and slightly lighter below, finely blunt-toothed along the edge, fragrant.

To soil conditions undemanding, can grow on dry and relatively poor soils. Grows very fast on rich and wet . Winter-hardy and drought-resistant. Well shaped. Relatively gas and smoke resistant. It is used in traditional landscape gardening plantings.

Location: most poplars are very photophilous. In nature, these are usually plants of river floodplains, but cultural experience has shown that they can also tolerate relatively dry, infertile soils; characterized by exceptional growth rate, which is not found in other temperate tree species.

Landing: the distance between plants is 1.5 x 3 m or 2.5 x 4 m. The root system of poplars is deep and extensive, but there are many long roots on the surface. The depth of the pit is 0.8 -1 m. The root neck is at the level of the soil or deepened by 1.5-2 cm. The soil mixture is prepared from soddy soil, peat, sand (3: 2: 2). It is best to plant in the spring. At autumn planting survival is reduced. On heavy soils, drainage from construction waste is required, broken brick, sand. They fill 1/3 of the depth of the pit. When planting, nitroammophoska or Kemira-universal is added at the rate of 100 - 120 g per 1 m2.

Care: it is necessary to water so that the soil is saturated to the depth of the roots, 20 - 25 liters per plant. In the first year of planting, water two to three times a month, as well as during the dry season. Trunk circles to preserve moisture in the soil are loosened after each watering. In spring and autumn, a bayonet to a depth of 10-15 cm is required. After six to eight years, loosening can be stopped, and the near-stem circles near the trees can be sown with a lawn. It is desirable to mulch with humus, peat or sawdust immediately after planting and watering. Poplars lend themselves well to shearing and pruning and easily restore the crown. Immediately after any trimming, all wounds with a diameter of more than 2.5 cm should be covered with garden putty or painted over with oil paint on natural drying oil. Pruning should start at an early age and be done annually. Cut off 2 / ^ of the length of the shoot, leaving 10-20 cm on the tree. The shape of the crown should be even, without protruding shoots. Strong pruning is carried out in winter or early spring, before the start of sap flow. A powerful shoot is formed from the stump, which should then be formed. When rejuvenating plants, only the tops are cut off, that is, about 10 - 15% of the height. After a strong pruning, it is necessary to fertilize, regularly water and loosen the near-stem circle. Shelter for the winter is not required. Frost-resistant.

Protection against diseases and pests: poplar gall leaf pod. Intraplant insecticides are effective against galls. Poplar-spruce aphid - spraying with karbofos is recommended. Poplar moth - in case of mass appearance of caterpillars, organophosphate insecticides are used. Rust. Against it, as well as against scab, colloidal sulfur helps.

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