We buy ourselves and the child a burning device. How to learn wood burning

wood burning in modern form is a relatively young decorative art, but its roots lie in ancient times. In the distant past, the burning method was used mainly to decorate household utensils. Today, the art of burning has become more of a hobby. This craft is practiced not only by folk craftsmen, but also by children at labor lessons.

What tool is required for wood burning?

To quality finished work met the highest standards, a wood burner is needed. Such a tool can be purchased ready-made or made independently. The domestic market is able to offer the consumer several options for burning devices. However, for all modifications, the presence of almost the same components is characteristic:

• metal screen;
• burning needle;
• needle holder;
• corps;
• power wire.

The wood burning tool is most often powered by a standard 220 V power supply through a transformer. Electric burning devices have an advantage, in which the standard wire is replaced by a cable with a large cross section ranging from 4 to 6 mm 2. Such a modification can significantly increase the incandescence of the burning needle.

A standard burner with nozzles contains straight needles, the shape of which is best changed independently to a curved one, bending at an angle of about 45 °. For ease of use, the plane of the burning needle should be processed with a small file. Thus, you can get the most convenient, versatile device with a needle that will allow you to burn both with a tip and with a plane.

The main types of devices for wood burning

The first category includes devices with hard nibs, the second - with wire needles. In this case, both types of devices occur through their operation from a standard power supply. In wire devices, there is a function to adjust the temperature of the glow of the working surface of the needle.

To understand which wood burning machine will be the most convenient and effective in a given situation, it is enough to familiarize yourself with the specifics of the design of individual options.

Hard feather appliances limit the choice to only a few available models, as their functionality remains extremely limited due to the constant glow temperature. Attention here should be focused on power, the indicators of which should be at least 20 watts, otherwise the wood burner will significantly slow down the work.

If we talk about burners with wire feathers, then their range is much wider compared to the previous category of devices. Therefore, leaning towards this option, it is better for an unprepared user to consult a specialist. Speaking of the most perfect modern devices, then here you can select a laser for burning wood.

Ultimately, having stopped your own choice on a particular model, you should make sure that there are a sufficient number of nozzles in the kit. This will greatly diversify the range of available works.

Advantages and disadvantages of burning devices with hard feathers

Returning to the question of choosing hard feather burners, it is worth considering their main advantages and obvious disadvantages. If we talk about the benefits, then such a wood burning machine boasts a democratic, affordable price, particularly easy to use, extremely robust and thus long service life.

Among the shortcomings of such devices, it is worth highlighting:

• prolonged heating and cooling;
• strong heating and possible overheating of the handle;
• the lack of opportunities for the implementation of subtle, skillful artistic ideas;
• insufficient convenience of most handles;
• the presence of a high probability of burnout with prolonged use.

Features of burners with wire needles

Any professional burning device with wire needles has a much wider range of advantages compared to the previous category of devices. Such devices are used for the most delicate, artistic work. These devices have enough power to process the most hard rock wood, and it takes no more than a few seconds to fully heat the needle here.

The main disadvantages of wire devices include the high cost, high cost of repairs, the difficulty of finding spare parts and components, especially if the burner is homemade and purchased via the Internet. Moreover, wire needles often burn out, deform and become completely unusable. Therefore, they need to be replaced frequently.

What materials can be called optimal for burning?

At present, in order to engage in burning, it is not at all necessary to spend time searching for materials and sketches on your own. It is enough to purchase a ready-made wood burning kit. If it is necessary to realize the author's, unique idea, as a basis, they can fit wooden bars, boards, wood boards.

Wood for work is better to choose well-dried, which will not warp and deform after completion of work. An important issue is the selection suitable texture, shade and brilliance of wood species. The best option for burning out, small-vessel wood, which does not contain pronounced rings and knots, can become.

If a suitable materials is not at hand or a burning device is used to teach a child, then for a start it is better to use a wood burning kit, which today can easily be ordered on the Internet.

Material preparation

The surface of the workpiece for burning must be leveled and, if possible, carefully sanded with sandpaper. At first, you should not resort to using too complex drawings. If the image does not match the size of the workpiece, it should be scaled down or enlarged.

In the absence of desire, you can not depict the drawing on the workpiece yourself. It is enough to use carbon paper, which will allow you to draw the main outlines of the drawing, which can later be traced with a pencil.

In order not to stain the material, it is better to choose old carbon paper. This is the only way to avoid damage to the wooden base, which was carefully polished and prepared for work.

wood burning technology

Currently, there are several common wood burning technologies. Silhouette, contour and artistic, or pictorial, burning are popular among craftsmen. The main differences in these technologies are primarily in the technique of execution and types of drawings.

contour burning

This technology is most often used by beginners, inexperienced craftsmen. The execution here can be compared to drawing a contour image on a sheet of paper. When performing contour work, the main thing is to keep the hand in the most free position with a well-fixed fulcrum.

All lines must be equal in depth and width. For work, it is better to use the most incandescent needle, reducing the voltage on the transformer to the limit. When making a contour drawing on a tree, you should not be too zealous, pressing the needle with force.

Silhouette burning

Carefully ground, curved needles are suitable for applying the silhouette burning technique, working surface which must completely touch the material. The needle should be directed along the wood fibers.

Beginning masters who use the silhouette burning technique are advised to use moderately heated needles. Only in this way can the smoothest possible surface texture be achieved at the end of the work.

Silhouette burning can process quite impressive areas of wood. In this case, the application of smooth strokes can form not only dark lines. Moving the hot needle at a fast pace makes it possible to obtain a variety of shades, starting with the deepest Brown and ending with a light beige pattern.

Artistic burning

The technology is based on professional combination both of the above techniques. It is better to make the first samples in artistic burning from images geometric shapes the simplest form. This approach will allow you to get acquainted with the features of the formation of the effect of the play of light and shadow on the surface of the wood.

Being engaged in artistic wood burning, you need to remember the need to guide clear contours of the depicted figures. At the same time, the main task of the technology of artistic burning is the transfer of volume in space.

The love of burning seems to have settled in my heart firmly and for a long time. This hobby is not overly expensive. By by and large, you need a burner, a few improvised materials and fixtures, and, well, actually a board or plywood. With the help of an interesting pattern, you can decorate decorative vases, dishes, wall decorations. But now let's talk a little about burners, what it is and what it is eaten with.

Types of burners

Burner is a pen with a working needle connected to a step-down transformer. In general they are different designs. Rare are gasoline and gas models. Now nobody uses it anymore. They have been replaced electric burners. Two models are produced in Russia Pattern and Elm. They are well suited for beginners, as they allow you to adjust the temperature, and the nichrome tips cool down and heat up quickly. So even a child can use them.

There is a universal device for sale STAYER 3-in-1. It is designed for soldering, burning and cutting. This device is more suitable for those who already have some experience with the burner, since the thickness and color of the line will depend on the time and force of pressing, and this requires a steady hand and an accurate eye. It is extremely convenient when burning ornaments with curly nozzles, which allows you to process more area.

With a strong desire, you can purchase foreign models that are actually cool. The only downside is the price. An example is the two-port model. It allows you to instantly switch between handles with different tips.

At one time, I came across a forum thread about wood processing, where craftsmen themselves made very decent devices for burning out, allowing you to change nozzles and adjust everything that is possible.

Types of burning works

Different types of work can be done with devices for burning. You can burn the drawing and paint it inside with watercolors, oils, acrylic paints or varnish. The background is filled with a dot, round or oval, with or without a gap, a stroke or a line. I also like to work in the technique of chiaroscuro. I saw (I secretly dream of trying it myself) even scorched portraits, it looks very impressive.

Masters burn not only wood, but also bones, and even fabrics. The last technique is called guilloche and, as I understand it, comes down to perforating the fabric. The most elegant napkins, tablecloths, lace and everything that is enough for imagination are made in it.

You can burn on any type of tree, but practice shows that Linden it is very easy to process, it is pleasant and fast to work with it, and the work looks very impressive on a light background.

Wood burning is a very interesting thing. This process is drawing on wooden base using a specialized soldering iron. Well relieves fatigue, stress, and even creates comfort in the house through home-made creativity, which can be used to decorate the walls. It can also serve as a wonderful holiday gift for friends or relatives, work colleagues. Now we will acquaint you with the rules for working with a burning device.

The Basics of Burnout

So that wood burning would bring you only happiness, to this process take great care. We present below for you useful rules which should help you in this process.

So, you have already purchased the device. Now we need to create an outline of the drawing on a wooden base. You can additionally buy some elements of the device for the subsequent convenience of woodworking.

The devices themselves exist in 2 types - a simple one, with one thermal regime and replaceable nozzles, and a more advanced one, it has a wire tip, there are 2 feathers and the heating is regulated. The price of these models is from 700 rubles and up to several. tens of thousands.

• Nozzles, different in thickness, make it easier and faster to work with a variety of lines and contours.
• Aluminum oxide and a belt - they are needed for regular cleaning of the nozzles and the device itself.
• Pliers.
• A special holder or clay pot for the soldering iron, where it can be placed to cool.

Burnout material. If you are new to this business, then it is better to start with soft woods, the process will be much easier to master. For example, opt for pine, birch, linden, maple or ash, but in general the softest material is balsa, it is considered number one on the hardness scale, pterocarpus closes this scale at 10th place. The harder the wood, the darker it looks. Examine the board on both sides, and choose the one that is smoother to work with.

Now we take the device for burning. It will heat up for a couple of minutes, it is better to keep it on a stand or in a clay pot, we have already mentioned this above. And it is better to take and put the soldering iron with the help of pliers to avoid burns.

The board must be sanded before starting work, sandpaper number 20 will help us with this. It must be wrapped around the board or attached to the bar and evenly sand the surface. It is better to sand along the fibers, if across, then bumps will appear, but sanding in accordance with the natural growth of the fibers will help to avoid this problem. At the end of the skinning, wipe the surface with a damp towel, it will remove wood dust and sawdust. Drawing will become much more convenient.

Apply the drawing with hatching, so it will be easier to erase the wrong lines, and control the pencil. Do not press too hard on the stylus to draw the drawing more clearly.

No rush to burn. Regardless of the material of the tree, the process will not be quick, so please be patient. And while working, keep in mind:

You have to press on the burner. For beginners, uniform pressure throughout the pattern is relevant.

Hold the soldering iron in one place longer - the line will turn out deeper and darker.

It is much easier to run the soldering iron along the fibers, so turn the board with the fibers down as you work. There will be resistance against the fibers and effort will be required.

Experiment with attachments. On small boards, try out all the nozzles that you have. Then you will already have an idea about their effects, and know where it is better to apply them, on which elements of the picture.

Transferring the design to wood

Everyone is interested in how to burn wood. Therefore, this article provides information for beginners. There are three main ways to apply / transfer a pattern to a tree, which one to choose - see for yourself. You can also draw a picture yourself, or you can take a ready-made version.

If you are an artist or have artistic inclinations, it will be easy for you to draw or draw a drawing with a pencil on a wooden base.

Graphite paper can also help you if you are not very good at drawing. It works on the principle of carbon paper - put it on the tree with its oily side, secure it with tape, and put a sheet of image on top, circle its contours. Then remove the adhesive tape and graphite paper and draw fuzzy lines of the drawing with a pencil already on the tree.

There is also an ink nozzle, it will also help you when drawing a picture on a tree. This happens when the nozzle is heated. A printed picture from the Internet, it is better to print on a laser printer, put the sheet with the pattern down on the tree, and drive along the contours with a heated nozzle until they begin to be sealed on the surface of the tree.

Practice

It is worth noting that the scorched pictures on the tree look very interesting. And in this article we offer important rules this work. It is necessary to place the board so that it is at an accessible distance at any point of burning, and at the same time it is safe, so as not to get burned during the work.

It is better to start burning from the outer contours of the picture. If something doesn’t work out there right away, then it can be fixed a little later, simply by polishing the failed area.

On some tree species, you need to go through the same place with a soldering iron several times. If you do not press hard on the burner, then you will have more strength, and your hand will get less tired, and then you will be able to leisurely do quality work. Start by moving towards you, not away from you.

First, burn out the primary, main lines, then apply the strokes of the drawing.

Next, move on to texture and shadows. You can make a regular 2D drawing, or you can master a more interesting and trendy 3D with special nozzles. First, practice on the wrong side of the work, or on an unnecessary plank.

Colorize. You can leave everything as it is, or you can make the drawing in color by using watercolor, watercolor pencils for coloring.

Regularly clean the nozzles, then get a quality job. Indeed, on clean nozzles, heat dissipation will be as efficient as possible, and aluminum oxide and a belt or sanding block will help in cleaning. It is better to remove the nozzle with pliers so as not to bother if it has cooled down enough, then dip it for a couple of minutes in cold water. Well, then, actually, the cleaning process.

Fan. If during work you get a lot of smoke, then it will be useful to resort to the help of an exhaust fan. After all, smoke is not the most useful thing for the lungs, especially indoors.

Now, at the end of the work, you need to thoroughly dry the board and apply the final touches.

Pay your attention to:

• A hot soldering iron, and if it is left unattended for a long time, this can lead to its ignition and subsequent fire.
• It is better to carry out the burning process in ventilated areas, because smoke can adversely affect the lungs, up to death.

The most interesting process is wood burning. Here you can burn out drawings or patterns. However this work implies the presence of certain devices. Necessary things for work:

• Burning device.
• Variable temperature equipment.
• Graphite pencils.
• Scotch tape.
• White eraser - nag.
• Emery files - several varieties.
• Sandpaper 200-250 or fabric coated with silicon carbide.

Finally

We hope that our article allowed you to learn how to properly burn wood. Know that this activity is extremely exciting. But in this case, some effort and also skills may be required.

Wood burning, also known as pyrography, is gaining more and more popularity among people of all groups and ages. And this is understandable, because pyrography is not only an exciting activity, during the work of which fantasy and skill develop, but also lovely gift family and friends in handmade style. Wood burning is available not only to enlightened wood burning gurus, but also to beginners. We will tell you more below how to burn wood correctly with your own hands for beginners.

How to choose the right burning tool for beginners

The first step in mastering the art of burning is to purchase a burning device, ideally if such a device will be powered by electricity. You also need small boards or pieces of plywood, cut into the desired shape. It is not necessary to cut them yourself, it is enough to purchase several options in specialized stores. By the way, they also sell wooden figurines of various sizes and shapes, ready-made boards in frames, with sketches from the most elementary to incredibly complex images applied to them.

When choosing a burning device, many people ask themselves the question, is it possible to burn wood with a soldering iron? Our answer is, of course you can! This is the easiest way to burn wood patterns at home, available to everyone. The only difficulty in the work of burning with a soldering iron is that you need to use soldering irons different diameters. But if you decide to purchase a specialized wood burning machine, and not a soldering iron, remember that for beginner burners, a pen-shaped burner with which you will simply draw according to a template is ideal. Such a tool is usually accompanied by brackets and pins, which are placed at the base of the burner handle, they then form lines of patterns of various thickness and color.

The wood burner immediately before work should be heated to the maximum, this will be evidenced by the tip, heated to a dark red color. Carrying out wood burning comes down to a constant change in the slope and glow, and sometimes the size of the pen, which allows you to achieve different depths of the burnt line, which means that it will differ in color. Shades of different depths of the line range from light brown to rich dark brown.

How to burn wood for beginners with a job description

• At first, it is better to choose boards from soft, light, uniform wood, which is necessarily polished for a perfectly even and smooth state. Birch, linden, alder, poplar trees are rich in such wood. On such blanks it is easier to burn out and there is no need to adapt to the structure of the tree. Usually beginner burners use plywood, which is easier to process, commercially available and enough budget material. After you get your hands on and learn how to work with wood, you can proceed to wood with a heterogeneous structure, which will help to focus on some details such as clouds, water, trees, or, for example, stripes on the skin of a zebra and tiger.
• A drawing for burning can be drawn by hand with a simple pencil or transferred to a board using carbon paper. The disadvantage of this method is that the lines drawn with carbon paper blur when heated and are difficult to erase if necessary. The ideal option for transferring designs to the board is black graphite paper for light woods and white graphite paper for drawing a design on very dark or pre-burned wood. In addition, you can stick tissue paper with a pattern on wood and burn an image on it, while the surface of the board will not get dirty, and the paper will melt when heated. With the help of a burning device, you can burn out various pictures, inscriptions, patterns, logos.
• Beginners should not choose drawings and patterns that are difficult to perform at first; at first it is better to get their hands on simple medium-sized images made up of a miniature number of lines and strokes. The photo below shows several options for sketches for beginner wood burners.

We offer you to get acquainted with three world-famous pyrographists who are fluent in the art of wood burning.

Consider pyrography by Julie Bender in sepia

With the help of woodburning art, Julie renders the smallest touches of animals in such an unrealistic way that it seems that you are immersed in a variety of palettes of tones and halftones. Every detail of her scorched paintings is done with microscopic ultrafine shading and the play of light rays. It takes her more than one day to create one such painting, the master requires not only talent, perseverance and experience of several years, but also love for such art as pyrography.

First, Julie observes the animals for a long time, absorbing each of their lines and shadows on the skin as she moves, and then, inspired, she sketches on a carefully polished maple wood board or thick watercolor paper using a simple pencil. Maple has a creamy tint and a slight graininess, which allows you to give the future picture a sepia tone. Then, with the help of burner tips of various sizes and shapes, it scrupulously works out every glare of light, every shadow and stroke of the animal's fur. The work of one of her paintings the size of a notebook sheet sometimes takes up to several months of work! This is what it means to love your work and receive a well-deserved reward for it, the cost of one of its fiery works can reach 4 thousand dollars.

Learning beautiful wood burning from LeRoc

A well-known South African artist, using fire and improvised tools, can burn out portraits of people, animals, equipment, trees. He uses a soldering iron as the main tool, previously the flame of a lighter, nails and pliers were a favorite method of burning. The pyrograph devotes all his works to connoisseurs of nature and graffiti, because, in his opinion, they are components of each other.

Exploring Surfboard Pyrography by Peter Walker

Peter Walker is a renowned Australian pyrographer who burns his work onto surfboards. Hollow timber planks are cut from fast growing trees, each plank is handcrafted, sometimes with other designers involved. Burning Peter performs using laser technology.

Video on the topic of the article

We bring to your attention several video clips that will clearly show how to learn how to burn various paintings and ornaments at home.

Wood burning is special kind art. Masters create drawings of amazing beauty - landscapes, portraits, geometric compositions. It all depends on the mood, flight of fancy. The surface after burning the pattern is covered with a special solution. Drawings can be left in original form or colorize.

A country house is a cozy, comfortable accommodation and a great place to relax. His appearance can tell a lot about the owners. The construction of wooden houses is carried out according to different technologies, in different styles and everyone chooses their own. Two storey mansion classical style belongs to respectable people for whom quality is a priority, which means reliability and durability. The chalet-style house was probably built by people who follow fashion, but at the same time think about comfort. These are romantics who like to relax in a rocking chair by the fireplace. In a log house, decorated with carved shutters or decorative elements with scorched drawings, creative people with a well-developed artistic taste probably live. Wood burning is a special kind of art. Masters create drawings of amazing beauty - landscapes, portraits, geometric compositions. It all depends on the mood, flight of fancy. The surface after burning the pattern is covered with a special solution. Drawings can be left in their original form or painted.

How to learn to burn? It's easy to do. The most popular method is burning with a soldering iron. A drawing is applied to the prepared surface with a simple pencil and burned out with soldering irons of various sizes. The surface must be free from knots, resin. It is necessary to decide on the type of tree. Best for burning soft wood- linden, alder, poplar. In addition, this wood is light, has the same structure. With the help of various stains, varnishes, you can give the wood certain shades. You can also burn with a non-electric soldering iron, which heats up from the plate, knitting needles, nails. These simple tools will allow you to create interesting, original drawings. Knitting needles - ordinary, knitting - have a different size, which is very convenient. They are heated over the burner, holding with pliers. As for the nails, they can be selected according to the diameter of the caps. The shape of the hats can be changed, for example, cut triangular or square. Thus, it is possible to create a large number of stamps, which will help in creating the desired pattern. Of course, when working, you need to remember safety precautions. Workplace must be equipped so that there are no flammable objects nearby. It is necessary to prepare a substrate made of tin. A baking sheet can also serve as a substrate. The room must be well ventilated. The most acceptable option for the location of the workplace is in the kitchen near the open window.

How to quickly master the technique of wood burning

Wood burning can be done with hot plates, acid, lathe, on the open fire. These methods require the help of a professional and extreme caution when working. A more accessible technique for beginners will be pyrography - drawing on wood with a tool that resembles an ordinary pen.

Procedure.

Choose a board to burn on. The surface of the wood should be flat, smooth, with a uniform color. If you are just getting started with this decorative technique, try your hand at plywood - it is cheaper, but the quality is suitable for training.

Prepare the base. If possible, cycle the wood. Clean it with fine sandpaper and varnish it for wood.

Draw a sketch of the pattern or plot that you will burn on paper. It should be fairly simple, small parts. Despite the fact that the finished boards are sometimes additionally painted with paints, the meaning of the picture should also be guessed from the contour that will be burned out. Finished drawings can be found in pyrography kits, tutorials, and websites dedicated to this technique.

Using carbon paper, transfer the silhouette to the board. Heat the electric burner so that its pin turns burgundy. Take the tool's handle like a pencil. Apply the drawing, starting with the outer contours. Draw straight lines with quick, light movements without pressure. To increase the thickness of the stroke, decrease the speed of the tool. When you need to draw dots or curved lines, hold the burner perpendicular to the surface of the board.

Do not draw multiple lines at once. The wood will get very hot, and the gaps between the strokes may burn through. After completing one element of the drawing, take care of the distant part of the board so that this one has time to cool.

You can change the color of the lines in the drawing. It will get darker as the burner heats up. Change the shape of the strokes by experimenting with the tilt of the pen and the pressure on it. You can also purchase a burner with interchangeable curly feathers.

Process the finished drawing again with small sandpaper. Then it can be painted or immediately coated with a glossy or matte varnish.

Remember!

To prevent the burner from overheating, turn it off every 3-5 minutes.

Finally

During operation, make sure that your hair or clothes do not get under the pin of the tool.

Painting scorched paintings

The surface of wood with a scorched pattern may be left in its in kind, but you can paint (color) with watercolors or oil paints.

The painting, as a kind of decorative technique, significantly complements the scorched drawing, making it elegant and pleasing to the eye. The warmth of the wood tone and the brown burn of the pattern, combined with a well-chosen color, give the pattern a special artistic meaning, revealing new decorative possibilities tree.

For painting, it is necessary to prepare the wood as best as possible. First of all, the surface of the board is thoroughly cleaned glass paper to avoid scratches, which become especially noticeable when wet. The final stripping should be carried out with fine-grained glass paper only along the grain of the wood. After that, the surface of the board is etched with a solution of alum, which makes it possible to apply the paint in an even layer, without spots.

For decorative painting, you need to use only finely grated high-quality dyes, have a sufficient set of soft round and flat brushes, several glass and metal saucers. On sale, watercolor paints can be dry, pressed, placed in special boxes, or semi-liquid in tubes. Oil paints just like semi-liquid watercolors, they are in tubes.

Watercolor technique. To dilute the dye on a saucer, squeeze out a small amount of paint from a tube or pick up paint from a dry tile with a wet brush and dilute the dye with water so that the paint dissolved in water after being applied to the wood surface is transparent.

What can get in the way?

Color, gloss, surface structure are very important in the artistic processing of wood.
The color of wood is the main means of decorative expressiveness, and the property by which one wood is distinguished from another. Coloring, resinous, tannins give the wood color. Experienced carvers determine the color of wood by eye.
Causes different color wood. One reason is the growth conditions of the tree. Pale colored rocks grow in temperate climates; brightly colored - in the southern and tropical climates.

Wood of even the same species has different shades in different climatic conditions" Light, air, storage conditions also affect the color of wood. Wood has a grayish tint if it is varnished. The required shades of wood can be obtained depending on storage conditions. Dark brown or even black color is oak wood, long time lying in the water. Wood disease also affects the color and changes it beyond recognition. If the wood is subjected to special treatment - stained, pickled, steamed - you can also change its color.

The gloss of wood - the ability to reflect the light flux, is determined by: the density of tissues, core rays, the type of cut. The longitudinal section reflects light, the transverse scatters.

Degrees of reflection - a glossy surface reflects the light flux falling on them. Glossy surfaces very hard to get. Matte surface - diffuses the luminous flux, has evenly spaced irregularities.

The treated surface of wood before coating it with a varnish film has an unexpressed luster. Depending on the thickness and quality, the lacquer film has a wide range of reflective properties: from matte with a uniform silky sheen to glossy with a mirror finish.

Untreated wood of aspen, linden has matte surface. The wood of white acacia, oak, maple has pronounced core rays, which; have a special brilliance" The brilliance is more pronounced if the core rays are large and located close to each other" When developing the composition of an artistic product, light overflows are taken into account. In some rocks, overflows appear on the radial section, in others on the tangential section, in others on all sections.

Humidity - the ratio of the mass of all moisture in wood to the mass of absolutely dry wood:

wet wood - humidity over 100%, which has been in water for a long time;
freshly cut - humidity from 50% to 100%;
air-dry - humidity 15-20%, stored in the air for a long time;
room-dry - humidity 8-12%;
absolutely dry - humidity can increase or decrease.

The reason for the warping of wood is the uneven distribution of moisture in the thickness of the wood. When working with a jigsaw, the fact that wetter material is cut easier is taken into account, but the quality suffers. High quality can be achieved by working with dry material.

Shrinkage is a decrease in the volume of wood when moisture evaporates. Uneven shrinkage leads to warping and cracking of the wood. The same phenomena are observed when wood swells. The finished product is protected from moisture, and for artwork with a jigsaw, seasoned and dried wood is used.

Strength - the resistance of wood to destruction under mechanical stress. The strength of wood depends on the direction of the fibers. Longitudinal grained wood is bending resistant, less chipping resistant.
Rules of work: thin and narrow parts of the product that are prone to fracture should have a longitudinal arrangement of fibers, and parts with a risk of chipping should be made at a certain inclination (angle) to the fibers in order to increase the chipping area.

Hardness - the resistance of wood to the penetration of solid bodies into it. To work with a jigsaw, this important property, depending on humidity, wood species, cut plane. The greatest hardness is possessed by tree species with a cross section, the smallest radial sawing.

Texture. The beauty of the texture depends on the defects of the wood. Most often, the defects are located in the butt of the wood, they affect the texture and color. texture pattern walnut tree Karelian - birch, pear, birch is the most valuable and depends on the cut plane. The best is a tangential cut. The following defects favorably affect the texture: spotting and marble rot, false heartwood, crooked layer, curl, curl, internal sapwood.

Pyrograph - a device for burning

In the second half of the 20th century, thanks to the invention of an electric pyrograph - a device for burning (hot engraving) - pyrography was developed as an independent technique not only in DPI, but also in artistic graphics. At the same time, pyrography on wood is one of the most popular (along with embroidery and modeling) types of children's and amateur art in many countries of the world.

In addition, there is Novosibirsk tone pyrography, when working in this technique, instead of a red-hot needle, a special device is used, invented by scientists from the Novosibirsk academic campus. This device is a wind burner, which allowed burning with fire, like with a brush.

Pyrography can also be performed using a converging lens. This is done on a sunny day. A wooden board, plywood, plastic or other similar material. For burning, the lens is positioned so that Sun rays focused on the treated surface. The lens is then moved so that the bright spot moves across the surface, leaving lines. Required size The lens depends on the cloudiness and the height of the Sun above the horizon - the larger the lens, the more it burns out. Usually a lens with a diameter of 5 centimeters or more is suitable. But too large is inconvenient, because it can lead to surface fire.

Wood burning and its features

The wood burning technique is a simple and exciting activity among art crafts, which is closely connected with the traditions of the Russian folk art. Currently, there are several ways of burning: pyrography (hot drawing), pyrotype (hot printing), burning in hot sand or on fire, with a magnifying glass in the sun, burning with acid and friction on a lathe.

Linden, alder, poplar or chestnut is best suited for burning out. They have a light and uniform wood structure. It should be dry and free of knots. Be sure to cycle and clean the surface with sandpaper before burning; then grind with chalk powder and water; then cover the wood furniture varnish and sand again. This will remove all fluff and burrs from the surface.

To avoid surface contamination during work, it is necessary to stick a sheet of transparent paper with a pattern on the prepared board. Now you can get started. The paper will peel off as the design is burned out. (This is how the dirt will be removed along with the paper). The hand holding the burning tool should rest on the table.

Having finished the work on burning out, it is necessary to carefully and carefully clean the entire surface with fine sandpaper.

The finished drawing can be painted with paints (watercolor, acrylic or oil) - this is a wonderful decorative technique that will wonderfully complement the burnt drawing, making it even more elegant and bright.

To give a matte silky sheen and to preserve natural color wood use a wax finish, the so-called. waxing.

You can also burn on such soft material like skin.

If we talk about the technique of burning, as an art, then it is very ancient, and the first crafts of burning were found in Peru. Previously, people did not know how to work with a wood burning machine, so they used ordinary pieces metal wire red-hot on fire. Accordingly, the drawings of burning in ancient times were very simple and even schematic, while now you can see real works of art, portraits of burning, which are sometimes difficult to distinguish from photographs.

Which burning device is better to buy?

Choose one that has several interchangeable nozzles. It is also important to adjust the heating temperature of the nozzle. simple crafts burning will be performed at any temperature of the core, while in order to depict something more complicated - portraits of people using the burning technique, or landscapes, you will need an average tip glow temperature, or even a very minimum one, since you will have to work slowly and carefully.

You can buy a device for burning any brand and change its handle, and you can also make nozzles with your own hands from nichrome wire. Then they can be changed. But this is with regard to narrow burners, more standard. For burning wide stripes on a tree, it is convenient to work, for example, with the Steyer device, or Stayer, which looks very similar to a soldering iron. The nozzles of this burner are interchangeable.

What is the best tree to burn?

The main rule for all wood for burning: a uniform texture. You can use pear, birch, aspen, linden or alder. Do not burn on a tree such as ash or oak.

How to burn on a tree?

Before starting burning, the wooden surface must be well sanded. Start by sketching with a simple pencil. If the drawing did not work out, then just transfer any drawing you like through carbon paper. After that, we turn on the device for burning out and go through the outer contour of the future drawing. When drawing a picture with a burner, keep an eye on the level of pressure, because with too much effort there is a risk of burning the tree and thus ruining it.

When the main contour is outlined, you can proceed to darken the background. Change the burner nozzle to a wider one and apply strokes parallel to each other. You need to darken the pattern smoothly so as not to overdo it. Follow the gradations from dark to light.

Another thing you need to remember when starting to burn is how to apply patterns. In the first case, a darker pattern appears on a light background, and in the second, a light pattern appears on a dark background. Burning, or as it is also called pyrography, is very beautiful view needlework. By burning, you can decorate any wood crafts: hairpins, combs, wooden spoons, furniture, frames for photographs and paintings, caskets and much more.

Prices / Order

Burner *QIDDYCOME*
The original game set for creativity "Pyrography device" allows children to create amazing drawings and even real engravings on a wooden surface. Also, the device can be used for soldering and as a hot knife for plastics.

The set includes: soldering iron nozzle, 4 creative nozzles, nozzle-knife for cutting plastic.

The game set for creativity "Device for burning out" can be an exciting leisure option for your child. Recommended for children over 12 years old.
630 rub

Firms

Stationery in Togliatti and Samara in the OfficeCom company

Our company has been represented on the Togliatti stationery market for 10 years. In 2009, we expanded our business and are now known as the wholesale and retail company OfficeCom. The company is engaged in the complex supply of organizations of any field of activity with everything necessary for uninterrupted operation modern offices, as well as wholesale and retail stationery and office supplies.

A wide range of stationery for school and office

The main product groups and services offered by us:

Cut paper for office equipment

Paper wholesale, services for cutting cardboard, drawing paper, paper according to the client's size. We offer good assortment paper products. OfficeCom supplies paper of various formats and purposes from leading domestic and foreign manufacturers.

Stationery for school and office

We offer a wide range of products well-known manufacturers stationery. Always up-to-date stationery for the office at affordable prices.

Receipt tape and thermal label

Always available big choice check tapes for payment terminals, ATMs and cash registers of any windings and sizes. Tape can be clean or coated. Any parties from a warehouse or under the order. Accepts orders for the production of various types of tapes of non-standard sizes. Sale of cash tape wholesale and retail in Samara and Togliatti is one of our main directions.

In addition, we offer our customers rolls for plotters, technical and perforated paper, household chemicals, expendable materials for office equipment, office furniture, various household goods, food products, packaging.

Benefits of working with our stationery store

Since the establishment of the company, the economic situation in the country has changed more than once. The needs and demands of customers in the stationery market have changed. Many stationery stores have changed their pricing policy. But our approach to doing business has always remained the same.

We monitor the situation on the stationery market in Samara and Togliatti and strive to ensure that our prices reflect the real situation. For many major commodity items, we work directly. For example, with paper manufacturers. This allows you to refuse additional markups and offer attractive prices to customers.

The stamped wording "We have the most low prices»We do not use it in principle. We say that they are among the best in the region in terms of price-quality ratio.

The main aspects of our company:

reasonable pricing and flexible pricing policy;
comprehensive service;
availability of own warehouse stocks;
own logistics service;
competent specialists, qualified consultations;
required range, high quality products;
online stationery store - an opportunity to buy stationery in Togliatti and Samara online.
online paper store - the ability to order Togliatti stationery online. http://ofiskom.com/