Division of conifers into groups: types and description. What are coniferous trees and bushes, names and photos Soft needles of which trees

The severity of the lines of coniferous trees is always appropriate in landscape design. In the warm season, they are in perfect harmony with blooming flowers, emphasizing their beauty, in the cold season they themselves serve as an adornment of a lifeless and gray personal plot, dressing it in bright greenery.

In addition, they contribute to the enrichment of the air with healing essential oils. Modern gardeners are increasingly choosing to grow coniferous trees whose names are listed below. Choose according to the description of their characteristics, perhaps you will like some.

Spruce

A tall and slender spruce looks very impressive both in single plantings and in a group. Some designers, by planting them close together, create unique hedges.

Today, spruces no longer look like mighty cone-like crops with dry lower branches, which we used to see from childhood. The range of needle beauties is regularly updated with new decorative varieties. On the household plots sit down such varieties:

Coniferous plants - leaders in the list of centenarians. Today, the oldest recognized spruce from Switzerland, nicknamed Old Tikko, is credited with approximately 9.6 thousand years. Another old-timer is the Methuselah pine, it is located in the USA, it is 4846 years old. This example shows that conifers live for thousands of years. There are 20 such trees known on our planet, and only one of them is deciduous - the sacred ficus, which is 2217 years old, grows in Sri Lanka.

Fir

A coniferous plant from the Pine family with purple cones and flattened needles is called fir. Its needles are soft, shiny, dark green above, with a white stripe below.

Seedlings take root for a long time, growing long time, but by the age of 10 there is an acceleration that persists until the end of life. Many do not know the answer to the question fir is a coniferous or deciduous plant. The most common decorative balsamic varieties are:

Juniper

This breed of coniferous plants is the leader in bactericidal properties. Juniper has been known since time immemorial. Today it is classified as a member of the Cypress family and is classified into 70 species.

Among this breed there are also giants reaching 30 meters in height, and dwarfs, barely reaching the 15 cm mark. Each species has its distinctive features, which apply not only to the shape of the crown and leaves, but also to the requirements for the conditions of detention, as well as care. The juniper garden can decorate while in rockeries, rock gardens or by creating a hedge. On personal plots, the most popular varieties of common juniper:

Juniper is best planted away from fruit trees, as they are conductors of a disease called rust. They are protected by tall plants planted by a group, the branches are periodically inspected for damage, and pruned as necessary. If affected areas appear on the plant, they are treated with fungicidal preparations.

Cedar

Coniferous plants are planted in aristocratic English gardens. And most often there are cedars. They are the frame of the entire garden landscape. Cedars are planted in front of the main entrance or a vast lawn - this has already become a tradition. These trees give the house solemnity and at the same time comfort. Dwarf varieties are grown everywhere as bonsai.

In the wild, cedars rise on mountain ranges up to 3,000 meters above the sea and look like majestic giants. Some breeds reach 50 meters. This plant began to be studied more than 250 years ago, but there is still no consensus about the number of its species.

Some scientists argue that all adult plants belong to only one breed - Lebanese. Others classify additional:

• Himalayan,
• Atlas,
• Short coniferous.

The international project "Catalogue of Life", which contains all known species of flora and fauna of the Earth, has in its database all of the listed species, except for the short coniferous.

Taking into account the experience of the project participants, who collected information about almost all life on the planet, we will adhere to their classification of conifers.

Everyone knows about benefits of pine nuts, but they do not realize that this is not a cedar seed at all. Grains of real cedars cannot be eaten, as they are inedible. We owe to the cedar pine, it is called the Siberian cedar.

The cedar has many spectacular decorative varieties, they differ in the length of the needles, the color of the needles and in size:

These are coniferous trees from the genus Cypress. In nature, they can grow up to 70 meters, very similar to cypresses. Breeders are working on the creation of new varieties, satisfying the taste of the most demanding customer.

Low-growing trees in landscape design are used as hedge, trees of medium height are planted one at a time or in compositions, dwarf varieties adorn rock gardens and mixborders. The plant harmonizes well with other plantings. in designer ensembles of garden design, it has soft and fluffy needles. Counting the needles, you will feel a soft touch, not prickly pricks.

The most popular among gardeners are dwarf varieties that do not exceed 360 cm. It is no coincidence that they are common, because they are universal and decorative coniferous creatures. Most popular today:

Bonsai: Minima, Minima aurea, Minima glauca, Gnom do not tolerate winter well. Under the snow, they do not freeze out, but often weather out. Therefore, you need to monitor the snow cover.

Cypress

In nature, this coniferous species is a tree or shrub with a pyramidal or cone-shaped crown, a slender trunk under a thick bark, foliage pressed against the branches and cones that ripen in a year. There are approximately 25 species of this conifer, of which approximately 10 are used in landscape design. Each has its own requirements for the conditions of detention and care. The following varieties are most common:

Larch

The title is deceptive. Because of it, many consider the tree to be deciduous. However, it has something in common with the latter - every year in autumn the plant sheds its needles. But it belongs to the Pine family and is a common breed among conifers. It's slim and tall tree resembles a tree.

The trunk of a larch is powerful, with favorable conditions growth can reach 1 m in diameter and 50 meters in height. The larch has a thick brown bark covered with blue grooves. The branches stretch up in a chaotic manner at an angle, forming a cone-shaped crown. The needles are up to 4 cm long and soft, flat, bright green in color. Scientists distinguish 14 species. In landscape design The most popular varieties are:

Pine

There are only 115 species of pine. She has fragrant needles, located in bunches of 2-5 pieces. By their number, the type of pine is determined.

Outdoor air adversely affects the roots of the tree, they dry out after 15 minutes. Pine is best planted in April, May or mid-September.

For garden plantations, breeders have bred quite miniature varieties with slow growth. Giant natural views can often be seen in the forest park strip. On the small area stunted pine trees look impressive at the house. These evergreen beauties will decorate a rock garden, lawn or mixborder.

Mountain pine varieties are in demand among gardeners. In the wild, it grows on Western European slopes, reaching a height of 12 meters:

Thus, choosing evergreen for your garden or house adjoining area, you need to understand not only what types and varieties of coniferous plants are, but also in the features of their development and growth. Otherwise, you can get a sweeping giant that will cast a shadow on all the green spaces around and prevent them from developing.

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When creating landscape design are actively used coniferous plants. evergreen shrubs, trees look attractive at any time of the year. They are unpretentious, spend a large number of You won't have time or energy to take care of them. With the help of coniferous crops, you can decorate any site by creating a unique design.

Coniferous plants for a garden and a summer residence

Evergreen shrubs and trees are considered unpretentious, but each of the species needs to create the most suitable conditions for growth and development. When choosing, you need to pay attention to the size of the plants and the rules for placement on the plot.

Tall

In large gardens, parks or adjoining plots tall coniferous plants look spectacular. If there is little space, then the tree can become the center of the composition. Other plants are placed around it so that a harmonious ensemble is created.

When planting tall species, it must be borne in mind that plants will occupy a large area over time. Them root system grows well. There will be shade from tall trees, so shade-loving crops are planted next to them.

Ate Hoopsii (Hoopsii)

Popular types of tall conifers include blue firs. The Hupsi variety is valued for its attractive appearance and predictable growth. When planting, you can immediately guess what size the spruce will be in a few years. Upon reaching the age of 30, the height of the spruce will be 10 m, and the crown will grow to 4 m in diameter. Spruce grows up to 15 m in height and 5 in diameter.

When planting, preference should be given to sunny areas. The needles of the Hupsi spruce are prickly and thick, and the shoots are strong and flexible. The needles grow up to 3 cm long. The branches are covered dense layer silver-blue needles. Many note the special attraction of this tree in late spring and early summer, when young light blue twigs appear.

Spruce varieties Hupsi differ:

• love for sunny areas;
• frost resistance;
• good adaptive abilities;
• unpretentiousness to soil mixtures.

The soil in which spruces grow should be periodically fertilized. When forming landscape design, experts recommend shading Hupsi with an emerald-colored lawn. Such spruces are well combined with weeping species of deciduous trees and shrubs.

Spruce Hupsi tolerates haircuts well

A slow growing conifer that many people like is the Korean fir. AT natural conditions mature trees grow up to 12 m high. Distinctive characteristics:

• the presence of soft dense needles, the edges of which are rounded;
• the length of the needles reaches 2 cm;
• on top the needles are glossy, bright green, 2 silvery longitudinal stripes are visible below;
• cones are arranged vertically, they begin to grow on young trees, whose height is 1–1.2 m;
• young cones have a violet-purple color, with time their color changes to dark brown.

The tree is demanding on the level of moisture and soil fertility. In the first years of life, it is recommended to create partial shade for him; at a more mature age, it can also grow in open areas.

Korean fir belongs to shade-tolerant plants

The columnar Serbian spruce can grow up to 45 m in height. Upon reaching the age of 10, a coniferous tree grows up to 10 m, the diameter during this period is 2 m. Its branches are short, the lower ones are inclined to the ground.

The branches are covered with flattened dark green needles. On the underside, 2 stripes of a bluish-white hue are visible on them. Cones are blue-black, in maturity their color changes to brown.

Serbian spruce is unpretentious in terms of growing conditions, it is distinguished by good frost resistance and relative smoke and gas resistance. For normal growth and development, the plant needs regular watering, but it tolerates dry periods better than ordinary spruces.

This coniferous tree is classified as shade-tolerant. It is used in group and single landings.

Serbian spruce is best planted on loamy soils.

Tuya Smaragd (Smaragd)

Popular with landscape designers is the thuja variety Smaragd. Its height reaches 5 m, while the diameter does not exceed 1–1.5 m. Smaragd is a coniferous tree with a regular cone-shaped crown, and the branches grow vertically.

Thuja is a slow growing tree. In a year, she adds no more than 20 cm in height and 5 cm in width.

It is not difficult to care for Smaragd thujas, but they require constant watering, it is undesirable to allow the soil to dry out. If the plant is in sunny areas, then the crown will be dense, and the needles will be bright. In shaded areas, it can grow, but the crown will become more rare.

The needles of thuja Smaragd are shiny, bright green

Juniper Skyrocket

The skyrocket is known as the pencil tree. The plant reaches a height of 6–8 m, and does not exceed 1 m in width. Its shape is columnar, narrow. The branches of this type of juniper grow vertically. The needles of the plant are gray-blue in color, it can be needle-shaped or scaly.

Skyrocket is planted in small household plots. When choosing a place for growing, it is better to give preference to open areas that are well lit by the sun.

You can also grow juniper in areas with a deficit nutrients

Dwarf

With the help of small plants, you can make a unique landscape design even in a small area. Traditionally, they are placed along the paths, in the corners of home gardens with a lawn, or used as an element of complex compositions.

Compacta Glauca Pine (Compacta Glauca)

Dwarf cedar pine is great for landscape design. The main characteristics include the following:

• when grown in the middle lane, the height does not exceed 3 cm, the width is 1.5 m;
• the needles are bluish-green in color, the needles are 8–9 cm long;
• branches grow densely, they are directed upwards.

When creating heather, stone gardens dwarf pine Compacta Glauka is used. Plants look good Alpine rollercoaster and in lawn plantings. The specified type of pine is best grown on moderately acidic and moderately moist soils.

When planting pine trees, preference should be given to well-lit, sunny areas.

mountain pine

Two types of pines are popular with homeowners.

Winter Gold is a hemispherical pine. Her crown is squat, on the sides it is unevenly developed. AT summer time the needles of the mountain pine are light green, and in winter it acquires a yellow-golden color. At the age of 10, the height of the plant is 0.5 m, and the diameter of the crown is 1 m.

The Ophir variety has a regular rounded shape. But after a few years of growth, the pine can become a little lopsided and more spreading. Adult 10-year-old plants are usually no more than 0.5 m in height, and they can be about 1 m in diameter.

No less popular is the variety of mountain pine Mini Mops. It is used for decorating areas. The pine tree grows very slowly, the annual growth is 2 cm. When it reaches the age of 10, the height of the conifer does not exceed 40 cm. The Mini Pug needles are dark green in color, young shoots are light green in color. From the branches a flattened - spherical crown is formed.

The Mini Pug plant is light-loving, it can tolerate a little shading, but with a constant lack of sunlight, its growth deteriorates, the tree may dry out. Pine is undemanding to soils, it grows even on soils with a lack of nutrients. It tolerates frost and wind well.

Gardeners, if desired, can form a crown of a mountain pine, the plant tolerates haircuts well

El Barry (Barryi)

Popular slow-growing species include the common Barry spruce. Young people undersized plants the crown has a rounded shape. Over time, the branches grow to the sides. By the age of 30, the spruce becomes about 2 m in height.

The needles of the Barry variety are dark green, brown-orange young shoots appear in spring. Spruce is shade-tolerant, it can be safely planted in shaded areas. Coniferous tree takes root better and grows on loamy and sandy loamy well-drained soils.

Excessive waterlogging of the soil is harmful to Barry spruce

Tuya Danica (Danica)

In dachas and plots near private houses, many plant evergreen thuja. Variety Danica is one of the most common. The plant is spherical in shape. At the age of 10 years, its diameter is 0.4 m. Maximum size adult shrubs - 0.8 m in height and 1 m in diameter.

The distinctive features of Tui Danica include:

• the needles are shiny, bright, dark green;
• cones are rounded, brown, 8–12 mm in size;
• the needles have a flat scaly shape, it is located vertically;
• the root system is superficial, there are several deep roots.

Tui can grow without problems in partial shade and in the sun.

In brightly lit areas, thuja will be brighter and denser

Spruce Conica (Conica)

Thanks to the attractive appearance Many people plant Konik spruce in their dachas and gardens. The variety is distinguished by a fluffy, dense crown, an ideal conical shape, which is obtained naturally without haircuts.

View features:

• under natural conditions, Konika grows up to 3-4 m, when planted in parks, gardens, in summer cottages - up to 2 m;
• light green soft spruce needles, needles no more than 1 cm long;
• annual growth about 6–10 cm high, 3–5 cm wide;
• spruces should be planted in sunny places; in the first years after planting, it is recommended to shade the plants on the south side with white spunbond;
• grows well on neutral and slightly acidic soils with plenty of moisture, but reacts badly to waterlogging.

Konika spruce landscapers are often planted in the foreground, they look good when placed alone and in groups.

Spruce has a small growth due to strong branching and a small distance from one internode to another.

Creeping

As decorative element creepers are often used in rocky gardens. With their help, you can add volume to landscape flower beds.

Juniper Wilton (Wilton)

In flower arrangements at summer cottages, garden plots many add horizontal junipers. Variety Wilton spreads with a low cover on the ground. At the age of 10 years, it rises above the ground by no more than 15 cm. In breadth, it can grow by 2–3 m. The needles of the Wilton juniper are silver-blue.

Wilton is one of the varieties that can be safely grown in an urban environment. It is undemanding to the composition of the soil, frost-resistant and tolerates temporary droughts.

It can be planted as solitary plant or make group landings. Wilton looks good in rockeries, rock gardens. This species looks spectacular if its branches hang from retaining walls.

Juniper Plumosa (Plumosa)

The Chinese variety of juniper Plumosa is creeping. But it reaches a height of 30–50 cm. The plant spreads 2–2.5 m along the surface. Old branches lie on the ground, and young shoots rise from them at an angle of 45 °.

The branches of the juniper Plumosa are feather-like. The needles in summer and autumn are gray-green in color, in winter the needles acquire a purple hue. The variety belongs to the photophilous, but it grows well in shaded areas. In the shade, the color becomes light green. Juniper is undemanding to soils.

Junipers are suitable for acidic and alkaline soils.

Canadian hemlock

Hemlock is a conifer belonging to the pine family. Landscape designers like to use weeping hemlock species for individual or group plantings, which are located on rocky areas, near water bodies, in open areas.

Popular is the slow-growing hemlock variety Prostrate. It belongs to creeping cushion plants.

Variety characteristics:

• the needles are tender, small, green;
• annual growth up to 6 cm;
• at the age of 10 years, Canadian hemlock grows up to 50 cm in height, it spreads 1 m on the ground.

It is better to plant hemlock Prostrait in partial shade. She needs cool and high humidity. Heat, drought, the plant does not tolerate well. Moist soils, which are slightly acidic, are ideal for planting, it is important that they contain a large amount of nutrients.

El Loreley (Loreley)

The variety Lorelei belongs to weeping species ordinary spruce. Its trunk is arched, the lower branches spread along the ground. Creeping spruce becomes after grafting into the root collar. In height, the branches rise no more than 0.6 m, then the shoots descend and spread over the surface of the earth.

For planting, it is better to give preference to sunny areas, although spruce grows in partial shade. Soils should be drained, slightly moist, sandy and loamy soils are suitable.

When forming landscape design, it should be taken into account that the Lorelei spruce looks good in areas with varying heights.

Stagnation of moisture is harmful to spruce

Microbiota cross-pair (Decussate)

The cross-paired microbiota belongs to the cypress family. You can grow it in difficult climatic conditions, it is not afraid of strong winds, rocky soils and shade. Branches in natural conditions can rise to a height of up to 1 m, but when grown in gardens, in summer cottages, its height usually does not exceed 60 cm.

On young shoots of the microbiota, the needles are needle-shaped, with time it becomes scaly. In summer, the needles are dark green, and in winter, the color changes to copper-brown. When planting a cross-pair microbiota, preference should be given to shady areas. The plant looks good in single plantings in the center of the lawn, in mixed compositions when planting along lawns, flower beds, slopes, coastal areas.

Microbiota shoots form a flattened shape with distinct tiers

Photo gallery: conifers in landscape design - site design ideas

Coniferous crops are actively used to create individual landscape design on the plots. When planting, it is necessary to take into account which soils plants prefer, how they relate to sunny and shaded areas. Only plants with the same care can be planted nearby. Coniferous compositions, with a properly formed design, will delight owners for many years.

Conifers include trees, small plants and evergreen shrubs. The life expectancy of coniferous representatives is quite impressive, so they have the ability to develop defense mechanisms against external factors. Thus, they help many plants to overcome certain diseases and get rid of pests. characteristic feature coniferous is that during the year they do not shed their foliage or needles. They change it gradually, completely imperceptibly to the prying eye. That is why they are called evergreens.

Characteristic features of conifers

Conifers are especially popular in the design of gardens and landscape designs. Every gardener certainly grows on his own land plot at least one coniferous tree or shrub. Without conifers, the garden is simply transformed. And it seems that the design of the garden will be incomplete if there is not a single representative of this genus in it.

They become popular decorations in the garden due to their characteristic advantages. When growing conifers have some advantages.

Pros of evergreen trees and shrubs:

plants coniferous forest there are many, but before planting a coniferous tree on your site for a beginner, you need to carefully study its characteristics.

How to choose the right plant

Before you start choosing a suitable coniferous tree or shrub, you need to ask how many types of coniferous plants there are in the region. And which ones are more suitable for the area where they will be grown. In addition, you need to decide for yourself what result should be achieved when planting a conifer.

What you need to decide:

• what exactly you need to plant a shrub or tree;
• the plant will grow alone or a composition with a conifer is planned;
• whether the climatic conditions are suitable and soil composition for planting a conifer;
• What color should the tree be?

When everything is decided with these questions, you can proceed to the choice of a coniferous representative. Next, you need to think carefully about which particular variety of conifer will be grown. Based on the variety, the type and shape of the conifer is selected.

Genus and species of conifers

The number of species of coniferous plants in the world is about 560. They grow in different parts of the world. Therefore, first you need to find out which species can feel comfortable in certain climatic conditions. To find out, you need to get to know the various coniferous plants, examples, names and species.

The most popular spruces

An elegant coniferous monoecious tree, one of the most beloved of all gardeners and decorators. Tall and slender, she is able to decorate absolutely any design. In total, there are about 50 species of beautiful spruce. Only 8 grow in Russia.

Spruce prefers light, but still remains shade-tolerant plant. Its root system is located shallow, in upper layers soil. Therefore, in order not to harm the root system, it is impossible to dig up the earth around the spruce. Feels comfortable in sandy and loamy soils. The following are the most popular spruce trees in gardens and design projects.

Serbian spruce. A fast growing tree, it can grow over 40 m. It has a specific color. At the top, the crown of the tree has dark green needles, at the bottom of the crown there are white stripes on the needles. Due to the specific color of the needles, the spruce seems bluish-green.

Brown cones with a purple tint give a special grace and charm to the fabulous plant. Spruce can often be seen in parks along the alley, it also looks good in a single composition. There are dwarf analogues of Serbian spruce. They grow only up to 2 meters, but in beauty and grace they are not at all inferior to their stately sister.

Siberian spruce. This representative of the species can be found in the Urals, in Eastern and Western Siberia, on Far East. Grows up to 30 meters in height. It has a wide conical dense crown. Sharpens towards the top. Its cones are brown in color, ovoid cylindrical in shape. There are several subtypes of Siberian spruce. They are different from each other different color needles, which can be either ordinary green or silver and even golden.

European, or common spruce. The plant can live for 300 years, and by this age its height will reach about 50 meters. The crown of the tree is pyramidal in density. The diameter of the trunk reaches in some cases up to 1 meter. For 1 year, spruce is able to grow by 50 cm, so it is rightfully called a fast-growing coniferous plant. Cones have the usual oblong cylindrical shape. They ripen in October.

Experienced breeders have bred decorative hybrids of spruces of this species. In landscape design, decoration of parks and gardens, decorative weeping, prominent and compact spruces are now very popular.

Pine and its types

Pine, there are more than 100 representatives. Pine grows well in forests, worse in the city. Tolerates both drought and very coldy. Therefore, often the plant can be seen in northern regions. Pine looks great group landings and in solitary, due to its dense spreading crown. Prefers rocky, sandy, and calcareous soils.

It is striking that with the onset of frost, the needles of the tree are covered with wax, while their stomata close. This means that in the cold, the pine tree simply stops breathing. In this form, she will sleep all winter. You can read about the most popular types of pine in decoration below.

Scotch pine. In terms of height, it is considered the first tree in the forest. It can reach a height of up to 40 m. The diameter of the trunk in this case can be equal to 1 meter. Has bluish-green dense needles. On a branch, needles can be located different ways. It can grow in bunches of 2 needles, it can stick out in different directions, there are needles of a concave shape. The needles live for 3 years, after which they turn yellow and fall off. Instead of fallen ones, new, young needles grow. Cones are brown in color, 2-3 pieces are located on a branch. Often the cone reaches 6 or more cm in length.

The root system may be different, it depends on the places of its growth. Sometimes a tree may even remain a dwarf if it grows in unfavorable conditions for it. On average, a tree lives 200 years, but there have been cases in history when a tree could live 400 years. Pine can grow 50-70 cm in height annually. It is considered a fast growing tree. Fruiting begins at the age of 40 years.

mountain pine. Multi-stemmed plant 10-20 meters tall. There are dwarf varieties, only 40-50 cm tall. The diameter of an adult tree can be 3 meters. An ornamental plant with long curved dark green needles. By the age of 3, the cones begin to ripen. Very good dwarf pine in the design of park areas and on the rocky shores of the reservoir.

yellow pine. Height up to 10 meters. Grows well in warm climates. This kind of pine almost completely tolerates the conditions of the city. juveniles cold winter may freeze. It does not tolerate winds, it is necessary to plant it only in groups.

Weymouth pine. Spectacular pine with blue-green needles. Refinement is given to it by cones of a curved shape. Grows up to 30 meters. She can be called a long-liver. A tree can live up to 400 years. Although it can endure frosts, it does not tolerate winds at all.

The genus of pine can look great in any design project. And it does not matter whether it will be planted alone or in small groups.

Capitate yew trees

Very interesting conifers. Their needles are located on the branches opposite each other or in pairs in 2 lines. Plants grow mostly in China, Japan, Korea, on the island of Taiwan. Yews capitate are monoecious, they are able to self-pollinate. They can be dioecious, that is, they can bloom with female and male flowers. So far, the genus of capitate yews has not been fully studied.

Cypress trees and shrubs

Cypress representatives can be in the form of trees and shrubs. Plants grow in warm climates. In all types of cypress, the leaf of a coniferous plant fits snugly to the branch. The plant is monoecious. Able to self-pollinate. The male cones are oval in shape with an attractive sheen. Women's ones look like a rod with scales. The shape of the crown is mostly pyramidal. The plant looks very nice in the design.

All coniferous plants in landscape design are simply irreplaceable. They are able to revive any design at any time of the year.

Conifers - different kinds trees and shrub forms that are distinguished by needle-shaped foliage. Most of them are woody and are evergreen. There are about four hundred species in the world, which are mostly concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. Most of them are used as a building material, the basis for the furniture industry, as well as in medicine, and even in cooking - cedar nuts are incredibly tasty and healthy.

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Characteristics of conifers

Multiple characteristics of the most common coniferous crops:

• Spruce is the most common type of coniferous trees. In addition to ordinary spruce, the most valued are blue, prickly, Canadian. The culture is unpretentious in care, perfectly withstands frosts, and is able to survive in conditions of urban gas pollution. Prefers sunny places but can also grow in shady areas. Due to their ability to shear, they are very much appreciated in landscape design, used as hedges and solitary plants.
• Cedar is a large species of coniferous trees, which, due to its high decorative properties widely used in landscape design in alley plantings and group plantings. The most popular are Himalayan, Atlas and Lebanese varieties. The culture is famous for its delicious, healthy and nutritious nuts.
• Cypress is an evergreen, exclusively decorative type of coniferous crops. Due to its unusual pyramidal shape, the tree looks very impressive and is widely used in park plantings, both for creating alleys, and in single and group plantings.

• Larch - refers to deciduous coniferous crops, in our climate only this coniferous tree sheds needles for the winter. Because of this feature, larch is used differently in landscape design, often planted in alleys and mixed compositions. The strength and durability of these trees is also known. These conifers have long been used not only for construction, but also for the manufacture of ships. Due to the strength and high resin content, larch products are able to retain their original properties for centuries even under the influence of moisture. So, St. Petersburg still stands on piles of larch, driven into the river bed under Peter the Great, and the use of this wood in the construction of Venice, where the material also proved to be effective, has been proven. better side. And in Moscow, durable and quality coating cycle track.
• Microbiota - in this genus there is only one species that naturally grows in the Far East of Russia, but due to its beauty it is widely used in landscaping throughout the middle lane. undersized shrub has soft drooping shoots and looks similar to juniper. Due to its shape, it is used as a groundcover and looks very impressive in rock gardens, fences, along lawns and on steep slopes. The winter culture is stable, unpretentious in care and is not of interest to pests.

• Juniper - very popular coniferous shrub, which is not only great for creating picturesque groups and border plantings, but also has high pharmacological properties. Resin secreted by the culture and volatiles perfectly cleanse ambient air from pathogenic bacteria and kill the entire infection. Juniper groves have long been used to treat pulmonary patients. To do this, people with bronchitis, pneumonia and even tuberculosis were evicted to the landing area and regularly brought food to them, not allowing them to leave until they were fully recovered. Surprisingly, only the juniper-scented air healed even the most hopeless patients, without the use of antibiotics and other medicines. Therefore, planting juniper on your site, you can not only decorate green spaces with an unusual ground cover bush, but also improve your health. Shrub, depending on the variety, may have different forms from a gentle hillock to a candle-shaped bush. unpretentious in care, resistant to external influences and decorative. Often used as a single planting and mixed groups.
• Fir is a beautiful and majestic tree that requires special care and suitable conditions. Due to their large size, specific varieties are grown only in parks and gardens of large areas, but now it is possible to use small varieties of cultivars, ideal for group plantings. The most decorative varieties are blue and undersized firs, which are distinguished by large and abundant cones.
• Pine is a coniferous tree species familiar to everyone, ubiquitous in our latitudes. The most common is the Scotch pine, which covers the mountains and endless forests. Often it is also used to create garden plantings, but more often they choose more compact and decorative varieties - mountain, Crimean, cedar, weymouth.
• Yew - this genus includes many evergreen shrubs and trees. Most often, yew berry is used in landscaping, which is distinguished by a dense fluffy crown. Species varieties have the appearance of a sprawling shrub, and bred ones can be in the form of a candle, sphere, cone or ground cover bush. The culture tolerates a haircut well, therefore it is used as a hedge and creating green compositions. But we must remember that most varieties of yew are very poisonous, especially berry, its bright red fruits look attractive and can cause poisoning for children and animals.

• Hemlock is an evergreen species common in North America and the Asian part of the continent. Especially appreciated in landscaping for weeping flexible branches that form a dense canopy. Due to its slow growth, hemlock is suitable for small gardens, besides, its unpretentiousness and resistance to frost, shade and disease pleases.
• Pseudotsuga is a species of evergreen tree brought from the north of the American continent. A plant similar from a distance is similar to a blue spruce, but on closer examination it stands out with unusual cones. There are varieties with flexible weeping branches and miniature types of pseudosugi, which are widely used to decorate rock gardens and single landings.
• Thuja - different strong aroma and the characteristic shape of needles. Of all the varieties, only the western thuja is suitable for our climate, characterized by high frost resistance and unpretentiousness. Breeders have bred many decorative species, which differ in the shape of the tree, height and even the color of the foliage - the most common are thuja with juicy green needles, but there are also varieties with bright sunny needles.

Coniferous wood

These cultures have long been used not only for landscaping gardens, courtyards and park areas, but also for building houses, ships, making furniture and other household items. After all, the forests in our latitudes are huge and there has never been a shortage of material. Strong hardwoods were often used, but conifers were also held in high esteem, for example, pine and larch were used as piles and ship equipment.

The popularity of coniferous wood still exists, and there are many explanations for this:

• Spruce and pine have a high resin content, which protects the wood from the harmful effects of moisture, fungi and insects that cause irreparable damage to the more delicate hardwood boards.
• they are excellent for grinding, which makes it easier to work with them and speeds up the sawing process.
• Due to the pliability of wood, such species are easy to process, which is why pine and spruce wood is often chosen for creating small and complex structures e.g. railings, stairs, balconies.

• Low density allows boards and bars to be well impregnated with protective substances, which increases the durability, strength and beauty of wood.
• Even sawdust of coniferous trees is beneficial, for example, they are used to make technical hydrolytic alcohol, and in a compressed form they are used to make cheap furniture, and they are often used for heating.
• A house built of pine and spruce is guaranteed to last up to 50 years, but more noble types of wood, for example, cedar, will last for centuries. In addition, not only Construction Materials but also musical instruments.
• Wood is also valued for its low thermal conductivity, because a wooden wall 10 centimeters thick retains heat in the same way as brickwork half a metre.

As in every production, there are certain standards for wood harvesting and woodworking enterprises so that the resulting boards and beams meet state and international requirements. For this, special GOSTs have been developed that consider various characteristics wood .

For coniferous trees, GOST 8486-86 and GOST 24454-80 are used, according to which all sawn wood is divided according to compliance with the technical requirements for grades - 5 for boards and timber (selected, 1, 2, 3 and 4 grades) and 4 for beams (1 ,2,3,4 grades).

Note that GOST 8486-86 is used to evaluate wood, which is further intended for use in our country and for export sales, but for aviation wooden building materials, more stringent GOSTs are used.

All lumber can be divided into bars, beams, edged and unedged boards, these definitions and type features are regulated in accordance with GOST 18288.

According to GOST 8486-86, indicators are clearly prescribed:

• - types of wood (according to GOST, pine, spruce, fir, larch and cedar are used for the manufacture of lumber)
• - lengths and permissible deviations from them, depending on the further destination (for containers, bars, domestic market, export);
• - humidity - depending on the requirements of the customer, they produce dry (humidity up to 20%), raw (22% and above) and impregnated with antiseptics (antiseptics are carried out according to GOST 10950);
• - width and tolerances;
• - quantity and type of knots;
• — presence and type of cracks;
• — the presence and size of the core;
• - the presence and size of fungal infections, mold, rot, wormholes, etc.

Thus, GOST ensures that lumber meets all well-thought-out norms and requirements, which ensures a long service life of products made of conifers trees. In addition, checking the compliance of products with prescribed standards saves the buyer from purchasing low-quality wood at inflated prices.