Sealing seams in prefabricated houses outside technology. List of mechanisms and tools used for sealing and sealing joints of external wall panels. Technical regulations for sealing interpanel seams
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION
MINISTRIES OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
"STATE ACADEMY FOR PROFESSIONAL RETRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGERIAL EMPLOYEES AND SPECIALISTS IN THE INVESTMENT SPHERE"
(GOU DPO GASIS)
TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SEALING JOINTS OF COMPLETE BUILDINGS WITH POLYMERS
Moscow 2006
CONTENT
| Preface 1. General provisions 2. Sealing materials 3. Typical Constructive decisions butt joints closed type Drained Joints Joints open type 4. Technology of sealing joints in new construction 5. Technology of repair sealing of joints Sealing of joints during their primary repair Sealing of butt joints of one- and three-layer wall panels Sealing of butt joints of single-module panels and blocks 6. Mechanisms, tools and devices for sealing during construction and repair 7. Quality control of sealing 8. Safety and industrial sanitation Annex 1 Characteristics of butt joints prefabricated buildings Annex 2 An example of calculating the sag - compensator Literature |
Foreword
These instructions were developed by the corresponding member of the Housing and Communal Academy of Russia, Professor O.A. Lukinsky. The instructions contain design solutions for the use of sealing materials developed and produced by the "Plant of sealing materials" in the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Region. (ZGM) universal self-adhesive and sealing materials for repair and construction purposes for sealing the joints of the outer walls of prefabricated buildings, performed both during new construction and during repairs. "ZGM". The following were used in the preparation of the guidelines. regulations, in the development of which the author was directly involved: "Guidelines for the technology of sealing joints in the repair of external walls of large-panel and large-block buildings", MoszhilNIIproekt and MNIITEP, M., 1982; VSN 13-83 "Guidelines for sealing joints during the repair of prefabricated residential buildings with mastic AM-0.5 and armo-sealants". The instructions are drawn up taking into account: SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures" section 3 "Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete and concrete structures"; Instruction letter of TsNIIEP dwelling on the installation of water and air insulation of joints of exterior wall panels in large-panel buildings, M., 1983; "Recommendations for the repair of joints of exterior wall panels of prefabricated houses", TsNIIEP dwelling (with the participation of AKH named after K.D. Pamfilov ), M., 1987. Self-adhesive and mastic sealants "ZGM" (trademark No. 229118) received: Certificate of Conformity SK No. 12-00345 of the State Standard of Russia; Certificate of Conformity No. ROSS RU. CJI44. H00041 of the State Construction Committee of Russia; 52.20.05.577.P.000242.05.04 Certificate fire safety No. SSPBZH1.OP019.N00077. The instructions are intended for designers, engineering and technical personnel of house-building enterprises and organizations performing repairs and technical operation buildings, as well as for regulatory authorities.1. General Provisions
1.1. The technical solutions of these "Instructions" apply only to sealing materials of the "Sealing Materials Plant" in the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Region, therefore, the replacement of these materials with others should be agreed with the relevant design or research organization, while strictly observing the relevant regulatory documents. 1.2. Seams* sealed with "ZGM" sealants prevent waterlogging of the adjacent sections of the outer walls and exclude the possibility of blowing and penetration of atmospheric moisture into internal surfaces fences. * Seams - sealed butt joints of building structures. 1.3. The aging of elastic sealing materials is accompanied by an increase in stiffness, i.e. modulus of elasticity, which leads to an increase internal stresses, and, consequently, to inevitable destruction (destruction). Considering these factors in the "Instructions…." such constructive solutions for interpanel (block) seams are proposed that not only ensure tightness (water and air tightness) for more than 15 years, but are also maintainable. 1.4. If moisture or air infiltration into the room is detected, it is advisable to quickly perform repair sealing from the outside, be sure to clean off the old sealant. Otherwise, the insulation and the edges of the panels (blocks) will undergo intensive destruction under the influence of alternate freezing-thawing, and the self-sealing of the seam will turn into a "cold bridge". This is usually expressed in dark spots and black mold in rooms with a sharp drop in temperature at the outer walls. It should be borne in mind that mold (mushrooms) destroy not only Decoration Materials and enclosing structures, but also dangerous to human health.1.5. It should be borne in mind that sealants in sealed butt joints of building structures are not only exposed to environment(rain, snow, ice, "acid rain", UV irradiation), but also tension-compression with temperature fluctuations, wind, shrinkage ** and concrete creep, shear with uneven settlement separate parts buildings, i.e. the seam "works" in a triaxial stress state. Therefore, when performing laboratory studies of sealing materials, it is necessary to test, if possible, specific joint designs under the combined effect of these factors (Fig. 1.1) (Appendix 1). ** Shrinkage of wall panels, which ends by the 3rd - 5th year of the building's operation, has a significant impact on the size of the opening of the joints. The size of these deformations reaches 30 - 35% of the deformations caused by temperature fluctuations. As a result, the total opening of the joint in the pairing of two-module panels in middle lane Russia reaches 4.5 - 5 mm.1.6. When sealing butt structures, it should be borne in mind that, other things being equal, the greater the ratio of the thickness of the sealant to the width of the joint, the greater the stresses it is subjected to. The thickness of the sealant layer should be more than half the width of the joint. This factor is especially important when sealing joints, the mouth of which is wider than 10 mm, which, unfortunately, is typical for prefabricated construction in Russia (Fig. 1.2).
Rice. 1.1. Schemes of characteristic deformations of joined structures:
a - upsetting deformation, b - temperature deformations (compression-tension), c, d - shear deformations, e - triaxial deformed state
1.7. On fig. 1.3 shows typical design solutions for improper sealing of the mouth of joints in panel and block buildings.1.8. On fig. 1.4 shows the typical errors of pasted sealing of joints of prefabricated buildings and how the sealant "works" in a seam with correctly performed pasting sealing.1.9. On fig. 1.5 shows the "work" of the pasting sealant in a triaxial, stressed state. An analysis of the "work" of a correctly made pasting seam shows that the sealant is always in a relaxed state due to the sag-compensator, and, therefore, such a seam of increased durability (Appendix 2). The advantages of pasted seams include both maintainability and minimum flow sealing materials, because the layer of mastic sealant in the filling (coating) seam is three times greater than in the glued one. 1.10. The main advantage of self-adhesive sealants is their exceptional manufacturability, i.e. ease of sealing at a relatively low cost. In addition, the repair technology is simplified, both due to the simplification of preparatory work, and due to autohesive (self-adhesive) self-adhesive sealants. 1.11. When performing repair sealing, one should take into account the compatibility of sealing materials with different chemical composition (Table 1.1). Self-adhesive sealants have an advantage over other sealants, because adhere (stick) to almost all building and most sealing materials. 1.12. The need for selective current repair defective (infiltrating) butt joints are determined by housing operating organizations (REO) based on complaints from tenants. Decision need overhaul- continuous sealing of the external butt joints of the house in the presence of more than 30% of defective joints, is accepted by the municipal service of the prefecture.1.13. For selective repairs, it is advisable to be guided by the following rules. If the butt joints of end wall panels leak, all joints of the end facade must be repaired, including the joints between end wall and longitudinal wall panels. If a vertical joint of a longitudinal façade leaks, the vertical and horizontal joints between two adjacent panels must be sealed along the entire height of the building above the leak. When a horizontal joint leaks, all joints between panels of three or four vertical rows must be sealed.
| The change in the values of deformations of the sealant-elastomer during the expansion of the joint, depending on the value of the ratio of the depth of filling of the joint to its width. |
Change in the values of deformations of the sealant-elastomer with the expansion of the seam by 100% |
|
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Change in the values of deformations of the sealant-elastomer during joint compression by 50% |
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Rice. 1.2. Deformations of sealants at various ratios of sealant thickness (h) to width ( Vsh).
Rice. 1.3.
Typical errors in sealing prefabricated buildings:
1 - joined panels, 2 - porous sealant, 3 - non-hardening mastic, 4 - cement-sand mortar, 5 - elastomeric sealant
Rice. 1.5.
Schematic positions of pasting sealing during deformations:
temperature, sedimentary, shear and triaxial stress state
Rice. 1.4.
Schemes of correctly and incorrectly executed glued sealing of structures:
I - correctly performed sealing with a sag-compensator, D - position of the compensator during tensile deformation (exposure to cold), II - incorrectly performed sealing (lack of compensatory sag), I D - characteristic destruction of the glued seam during tensile deformation, III - correctly performed sealing with mastic with an anti-adhesive gasket such as adhesive tape, II D - the state of the elastomer sealant in the presence of an anti-adhesive sublayer, IV - improper sealing, IV "- characteristic destruction of the seam during tensile deformation (lack of an anti-adhesive sublayer)
Table 1.1.
Compatibility of various sealants with each other and with building materials
|
Name of materials |
C.p.concrete (mortar) |
Mastics bit. rubber- |
Epoxy |
Thiol mastics |
Silico- |
Urethane mastics |
self-adhesive |
C.p.concrete (mortar) | Brick | Wood | Glass | Metals: Steel | Copper | Galvanization | Aluminum | Bitumen-rubber mastics, type BSCM | Epokeimastics | Thiol mastics | Silicone mastics | Urethane mastics | Abris type self-adhesive sealants |
2. Sealing materials
The main sealing materials according to these "Instructions" are mastics and self-adhesive tapes of the "Sealing Materials Plant" (ZGM) in the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Region. 2.1. The properties of ZGM sealants that meet the requirements of TU 5772-003-43008408-99 and TU 5775-004-52471462-2003 are given in Table. 2.1, and the performance characteristics of sealing tapes, obtained from the test results, in table. 2.2 and 2.3.2.2. Sealants Abris®S and Abris®R have heat resistance up to plus 140°C and 160°C, respectively, can be used in all climatic regions of Russia (at temperatures down to minus 60°C) and are mostly resistant to ultraviolet rays.Table 2.1.
|
The name of indicators |
Abris® S-LT and S-LB |
Abris® S-Sh |
Abris® S-B |
Appearance |
Plastic homogeneous mass without breaks and through holes |
Colour |
According to the customer's request (basic: white, gray, black) |
Penetration, 0.1 mm | Yield resistance, mm | Vapor permeability coefficient (for vapor barrier sealants). Mg/(m*h*Pa), no more | Water absorption after drying, % | Tensile strength, MPa, not less than | The nature of the destruction |
cohesive |
Width, mm |
Briquettes 1-5kg |
Thickness, mm | Diameter, mm |
Table 2.2.
|
The name of indicators |
Abris® S-LT and S-LB |
Abris® S-Sh |
Abris® S-B |
Appearance |
Homogeneous pasty mass |
Colour |
At the request of the consumer |
At the request of the consumer |
Penetration, 0.1 mm | Bond strength with concrete, MPa | Strength of bond with metal during peeling, N/m, not less than | Flow resistance: | - with a thickness of 1 - 2 mm, not more than, mm | - with a thickness of 5 mm, not more than, mm | Vapor permeability, no more than, mg/(m*h*Pa) | The name of indicators |
Abris® S-LT and S-LB |
Abris® S-Sh |
Abris® S-B |
Water absorption, no more, % | Relative elongation at maximum load, %, not less than | Mass fraction dry matter, % not less than | Drying time at t =20° C | Specific Gravity, g/cm 3 | Consumption, kg | Conditional shelf life, years |
Table 2.3.
2.3. Sealant grades differ from each other in individual elements and therefore have a different scope, the characteristics of which are given in table. 2.4.2.4. The main accompanying materials are seals, which perform the functions of thermal protection and underlay for mastics and self-adhesive tapes (Table 2.5). The most effective foaming compositions based on polyurethane (PPU) .2.5. Sheet polyolefins, in particular, stabilized polyethylene, are used as drain openings. high pressure or galvanized steel with a thickness of about 0.6 mm. The joints of polyolefin sheets are welded with hot air, and the joints of metal sheets are connected with lying folds, which should be sealed with Abris®S-Sh** self-adhesive cords. ** The technology is described in detail in the "Instructions for technical operation pitched roofs and technologies of anti-corrosion protection and sealing of metal interfaces roofing when installing and repairing materials of the brand Abris*S and Abris*R", developed by GASIS of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, agreed by "ZGM" and approved by the State Housing Inspectorate in 2005.Table 2.4.
|
Sealant brand, its characteristics |
Type of sealant |
Application area |
1. Abris® S-LTdif Diffusion (vapor-permeable) tape made of durable polypropylene fabric with two fastening strips along the edges of high-tack butyl rubber; vapor permeability coefficient μ = 0.2 mg/(m-h - Pa) |
|
Installed under the drain of the window and along the perimeter of the opening with outer side; It is recommended to protect from exposure ultraviolet rays. | 2. Abris® S-LTf Self-adhesive butyl rubber moisture-, gas-tight sealing tape is covered on one side with an anti-adhesion film, on the other side with aluminum foil for heat reflection and protection from ultraviolet rays. Variants reinforced with corrugated aluminum foil and lead foil. |
|
Sealing joints and seams in the construction of lanterns, translucent fences winter gardens; for repair and sealing of folds of a metal roof, and also adjunctions of a roof to walls and pipes. | 3. Abris® S-LTphys Self-adhesive butyl rubber moisture-proof, gas-tight sealing tape is coated on one side with an anti-adhesion film, on the other side with foil isolone (foamed polyethylene coated with reflective metallized film), UV resistant, X = 0.032 W/(mK), operating temperature -60°C to 100°C |
|
Sealing, insulation of joints and seams; increases the sound insulation of structures. | 4. Abris® S-LTdiz With no reflective metallized film, thermal conductivity X = 0.032 W/(mK), operating temperature from -60 °C to 100 °C, it is recommended to protect from UV rays. |
|
5. Abris® S-LTbase The self-adhesive sealing butyl rubber tape is covered on one side with an anti-adhesive film, on the other side with a non-combustible basalt cloth. |
|
For sealing joints from inside the premises; for dry and wet finishing of slopes, after filling the joints with thermal insulation. Increased heat resistance and fire resistance. | 6. Abris® S-LTdub Self-adhesive sealing butyl rubber vapor barrier tape doubled nonwoven fabric, has a self-adhesive additional strip for attaching the tape in a hidden place. |
|
For vapor-tight sealing of interfaces window frames, door frames with building structures for any (dry and wet) methods of finishing slopes until the seam is filled with thermal insulation. | 7. Abris® S-LTmdub Self-adhesive vapor barrier butyl rubber sealing tape, doubled with a metallized film, has an additional self-adhesive fastening strip for mounting the tape in a hidden place. |
|
For vapor-tight sealing of window frames and door frames interfaces with building structures during "dry" finishing of slopes until the seam is filled with thermal insulation. | 8. Abris® S-LTnp Self-adhesive vapor barrier butyl rubber sealing tape, doubled on one side with a non-woven fabric. | To protect the joint from moisture, steam and gas, compatible with paints and plasters. | 9. Abris® S-B Plastic mass based on butyl rubber with high adhesiveness; sealant briquettes are wrapped in an anti-adhesive (polyethylene) film. |
|
For vapor-, moisture-, gas-tight sealing of joint gaps in building structures. Applied manually or electrically. | 10. Abris® S-Sh Self-adhesive plastoelastic mass based on butyl rubber in the form of cords covered with an anti-adhesive film. |
|
For vapor-, moisture-, gas-tight sealing of joint gaps in building structures. | 11. Abris® S-LB The butyl rubber sealing tape is coated on both sides with an anti-adhesion film. |
|
For moisture-, gas-tight sealing and bonding of mating surfaces. | 12. Abris® S-LBiz double sided duct tape, reinforced with isolon. |
|
For sealing joints, overlaps, corrugated sheets and bonding of mating surfaces. | 13. Abris® S-LTm The self-adhesive butyl rubber sealing tape is covered with a release film, with another strong reflective metallized film. |
|
For vapor barrier and sealing of joints between elements of translucent structures, indoor seams and light metal structures of facade systems. | 14. Abris® Rs |
|
Sealing of interpanel joints and bonding of mating surfaces. | 15. Abris® Py Butyl rubber mastic (paste-like mass) of a drying type. |
|
Sealing of interpanel joints and gluing of mating surfaces of waterproofing, gluing of polymeric (dustomeric) films and anti-corrosion protection. | 16. Primer Abris® Rp |
|
For processing (priming) the surface before applying the sealant. |
3. Standard design solutions for butt joints
Closed joints
3.1. This section provides diagrams of the main types of joints in the structures of the outer walls of prefabricated buildings under construction and operated in different regions Russia. These types are different design features associated with the provision of insulating properties, in particular, water and air insulation of premises. 3.2. In closed joints (Fig. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3), water and air insulation is provided by installing a sealant (polyurethane foam or Vilaterm gasket) at the mouth of the joint and pasted with self-adhesive tape Abris®S-LTdub or Abris®S-LTnp. In addition, the air-insulation is provided by the air-protective tape Abris®S-LTnp, glued in the butt well during the installation of the panels.
1 - external wall panel, 2 - internal monolithic wall panel, 3 - floor slab, 4 - lower horizontal edge outdoor panel, 5 - upper horizontal edge of the outer panel, 6 - anti-rain tooth, 7 - anti-rain comb, 8 - sealing gasket, 9 - heat-insulating insert, 10 - air-protective gluing insulation, for example Abris®S-LTnp, 11 - cement-sand mortar, 12 - sealing mastic, for example, Abris®Rs
Table 2.5
Basic information about materials and products used for sealing joints
|
Name of material, GOST or TU |
Material Description |
Purpose of the material |
Average consumption per 1 running meter of joint, kg |
Manufacturer |
Notes |
Polyethylene foam sealing grades Vilaterm-SM, TU 6-05-2048-87 and Vilaterm-SP, TU 6-05-2049-87 |
Foam pads obtained by extrusion from a composition based on high pressure polyethylene (low density). White color. | Vilaterm-SM: 0,03-0,08; Vilaterm-SP: 0,03-0,17 | Vilaterm-SM: Plastics plant, Nelidovo, Tver region Vilaterm-SP: JSC "Stroydetal", Moscow | Operating temperature range from -60 to 70°С. Gaskets are installed at air temperatures not lower than -30°C. It is recommended to compress the gaskets in the joints by 20-50% of their original diameter. | Rubber porous sealing gaskets PRP, GOST 19177-81 |
Foam pads made of rubber compounds based on various rubbers. Color black and brown. Diameters from 20 to 60mm. | The device of an elastic base for mastic in the joints of elements, enclosing structures of buildings. Air protection device in joints of all types. | Combine" Construction Materials"Peski, Moscow region. | Operating temperature range from -30 to 70°С. Gaskets are installed at air temperatures not lower than -20°C. It is recommended to compress the gaskets in the joints by 20 - 50% of their original diameter. | Foaming polyurethane compositions PPU 6TZ and PP U6TN, TUYA 10-19-06-85 |
PPU 6TZ: filling semi-rigid foam. The color is light yellow. PPU 6TN: sprayed semi-rigid foam. The color is light yellow. | Insulation (sealing) of the junction of window (door) blocks to quarters of wall openings. Repair sealing of joints of various types. | Chemical and petrochemical industry and the fertilizer industry. | Operating temperature range from -60 to 70°С. The application surface is preliminarily dedusted and neutralized. Apply PPU 6TZ by filling; PPU 6TN by spraying using installations such as "Foam 12" or "Foam 98P20" at air temperatures not lower than -10 ° C. When used in enclosed spaces, intensive air exchange is required in the work area. | PPU 13N TU 6-05-221-194-77 |
Semi-rigid foam with a closed-cell structure. Color from white to yellow. | Insulation (sealing) of the junction of window (door) blocks to quarters of wall openings. Repair sealing of joints of various types. | Enterprises of the chemical and petrochemical industry, as well as the industry producing fertilizers. | Operating temperature range from -60 to 70°С. The application surface is preliminarily dedusted and neutralized. Apply PPU 6TZ by filling; PPU 6TN by spraying with the help of "Foam 12" or "Foam 98P20" installations at air temperatures not lower than -10°C. When used in enclosed spaces, intensive air exchange is required in the work area. | Foaming polyurethane composition PPU 17N TU 6-05-459-83 |
Foaming polyurethane composition WEELAN 405 TU 6-05-221-816-85 |
Semi-rigid foam. The color is light yellow. | Stabilized polyethylene (high pressure) GOST 16337-77 |
Sheet with a size of 220 × 220 mm and a thickness of 1.5-18 mm. Black colour. | Drainage apron in drained type joints | Plastics plant, Nelidovo, Tver region | Operating temperature range from -40 to 60°С. Glued on adhesives such as KN and 51-G-18 at the intersections of vertical and horizontal joints. |
Drained joints
3.4. In drained joints, waterproofing is provided by a sealing gasket installed at the mouth of the joint and elastomer mastic (Fig. 3.7, 3.8) or self-adhesive tape Abris®S-LTnp (Fig. 3.9, 3.10), as well as special structural elements for floor-by-floor removal of water (decompression cavity, drainage hole, drainage apron). Air insulation is provided by sealing gaskets and gluing tape Abris®S-LTnp (LTbaz).Open joints
3.5. In open-type joints (Fig. 3.11, 3.12), water insulation is provided by special structural elements (water deflectors, drainage aprons) for floor-by-floor removal of water and a labyrinth configuration of mating panel edges (presence of anti-rain tooth and ridge), and air insulation is provided by sealing gaskets and adhesive insulation, for example, Abris®S-LTnp. In new construction, sealing of the mouth in open joints is not provided. However, it has to be used in the repair of such joints. 3.6. Butt joints between window (door) blocks and quarters of openings panel walls should be isolated along the perimeter of the blocks with sealing mastic (Fig. 3.13, 3.14). The same applies to the joints between these blocks and quarters of wall openings made of any materials, including those used in low-rise and cottage construction.
Variants of constructive solutions for closed joints sealed during construction with Abris ® C tape
1 - joined panels, 2 - internal monolithic wall, 3 - sealing gasket, 4 - Abris®S-LTbaz gasket, 5 - porous sealant Vilaterm SP (SM), 6 - cleaning zone, 7 - primer (primer) Abris®RP, 8 - Abris®S-LTbaz or S-LTnp
Constructive solutions for drained joints
1 - external wall panel, 2 - internal monolithic wall panel, 3 - heat-insulating insert, 4 - air-protective pasting insulation, 5 - decompression cavity, 6 - floor slab, 7 - drainage apron, 8 - drainage hole, 9 - joint monolithic concrete, 10 - cement-sand mortar, 11 - sealing gasket, 12 - sealing mastic, for example Abris®RS
1 - jointed outer panels, 2 - inner wall panel, 3 - heat-insulating insert, 4 - air-protective self-adhesive tape Abris®S-LTbaz or Abris®S-LTnp, 5 - decompression cavity, 6 - Vilaterm SP (SM), 7 - drainage apron (drain) made of galvanized steel δ = 0.6 - 0.7 mm), 8 - cleaning zone, 9 - primer Abris®Rp, 10 - Abris®S-LTnp or Abris®S-LTbaz
1 - outer wall panel, 2 - inner wall panel, 3 - heat-insulating liner, 4 - air-protective glued insulation Abris®S-LTbaz, 5 - concrete for embedding the joint well, 6 - Vilaterm-type sealing gasket, 7 - water baffle screen, 8 - drainage apron
1 - outer wall panel, 2 - window block, 3 - door block, 4 - porous sealing of the joint (tow, PPU), 5 - primer Abris®RP, 6 - sealing mastic Abris®Rs, 7 - window sill, 8 - metal drain, 9 - sealing with polymer solution
4. Technology for sealing joints in new construction
4.1. Work on the arrangement of joints of elements of the external walls of prefabricated buildings and their sealing during new construction should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", section 3 "Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete and concrete structures" 4.2. Sealing of joints is provided by a set of measures, including: repair of panels in case of defects in those areas of their front and end surfaces that form joints when pairing prefabricated elements; (see fig. 3.1 - 3.12).4.3. Repair of panels in order to eliminate defects in their manufacture or mechanical damage (porous structure of concrete in places forming the mouth of the joint, around the edges and corners of the panels, breakage and through cracks on the rainproof tooth and ridge, damage finishing coating panels in areas adjacent to the joints, etc.) must, as a rule, be carried out at special posts in the workshops for the manufacture of external wall panels of house-building enterprises. 4.4. Works on the installation of air insulation of joints using air-protective tapes should be carried out floor by floor, before the installation of internal walls. The surfaces of the butt wells must be dedusted and degreased before gluing the tapes. Before sticking the Abris ® S-LTnp tape, apply the primer Abris ® Rp on the surface with a brush. The minimum thickness of the applied primer adhesive layer is about 100 microns. The connection of the tapes with each other must be carried out with an overlap with a length of the overlap section of 100 - 120 mm. In this case, the end of the underlying tape should be glued over the tape located at the junction of the floor to be installed. The joints of the tapes must be at least 300 mm from the intersection of the vertical and horizontal joints. It is FORBIDDEN to use rolled bituminous materials such as roofing material for pasting air insulation. 4.5. When sealing joints of a closed type, in addition to performing work in accordance with paragraphs. 4.3 and 4.4 install sealing gaskets at the mouths of the joints and apply sealing mastic over them (see Fig. 3.1 - 3.3). 4.6. The installation of sealing gaskets and the application of sealing mastic should be carried out from suspended lifting cradles, lifting towers, mounted scaffolding, scaffolding or other means of scaffolding, depending on the number of storeys of the building and the location of the joints in accordance with current instructions for the operation of these tools. In addition, it is advisable to use an insulator booth designed for temporary storage of equipment, fixtures and tools, a supply of primer and mastic, sealing gaskets, air-protective tapes, solvents, overalls, first-aid kits, as well as for shelter and heating of workers. 4.7. Before starting work, using scaffolding, inspect the joints to clarify the state of the joined faces of prefabricated elements. The damaged edges revealed at the same time must be repaired with a polymer cement mortar, for example, Lucar-OX.4.8. Surfaces to be coated should be cleaned and degreased. To do this, they should first be dedusted, cleaned of influx of solution, dirt, snow and frost. The specified processing is recommended to be carried out with pneumatic or electric brushes, rags moistened with white spirit, blowing compressed air, drying with a special apparatus (see section 6). 4.9. Sealing gaskets should be installed after the installation of the panels of each floor. Gaskets installed at the mouth of the joints must be compressed by 20 - 50% of their original diameter. On construction sites, gaskets of various diameters should be provided, taking into account the possible spread in the dimensions of the butt gaps during the installation of prefabricated elements. If the width of the butt mouths is less than 12 mm, it is allowed to seal them with other bioresistant materials, for example, antiseptic tow. 4.10. Sealing gaskets should be placed at the mouths of the joints in a continuous line without breaks. To avoid damage to the surface of the gaskets, they must be wound without tension, using a rounded wooden spatula. It is necessary to connect the gaskets along the length "on the mustache" using adhesive polyethylene or cloth insulating tape, placing the joint at a distance of at least 300 mm from the intersection of the vertical and horizontal joints. IT IS FORBIDDEN: - to nail sealing gaskets to the joined edges of the panels; two or more gaskets twisted together; - install gaskets in an uncleaned mouth. 4.11. Works on applying mastic can be performed at air temperatures from minus 20°C to any positive in the absence of precipitation. IT IS FORBIDDEN to apply mastic and tapes during rain and snowfall, if there is a risk of precipitation on the sealed surfaces. 4.12. The mastic should be applied at the mouth of the junction of external fences using manual or pneumatic syringes of any brand, for example, a manual syringe designed by TsNIIOMTP with a capacity of 0.95 l, a universal construction syringe from Manel (Spain) with a capacity of 0.8 l, a universal gun from the English company Sox (model Avon) with a capacity of 0.6 l, etc. The syringe designed by TsNIIOMTP is filled using an appropriate mixing and filling device (SZU) (see section 6). 4.13. The mastic should be applied to the mouths of the joints in accordance with the project, as a rule, along the sealing gaskets. The mastic is injected into the mouth, gradually moving the syringe tip along the sealed joint and simultaneously pressing the trigger of the syringe. When applying the mastic to vertical joints, the syringe tip is moved from top to bottom, holding the syringe at an angle a between the longitudinal axes of the syringe and the joint, which is 60 - 80 °. When applying mastic into horizontal joints, it is recommended to maintain an angle between the longitudinal axes of the syringe and the joint of 45 - 60 ° (see Section 6). After laying, the mastic must be leveled with steel or wood jointing soaked in soapy water(at negative temperatures air - in water salted with common salt). The thickness of the mastic layer must correspond to the design one. Before applying polyurethane foam compositions and self-adhesive tapes the mating walls of the butt mouths are dedusted, degreased and, if necessary, dried. The compositions are applied using, as a rule, type settings. Foam at air temperatures not lower than minus 10°C (see section 6). 4.14. When sealing drained joints (see Fig. 3.7 - 3.10), you should: - at the intersections of vertical and horizontal joints, glue (install - if it is made of rigid materials) a drainage apron with a size of 220><220 мм;- поверх фартука на верхней горизонтальной плоскости противодождевого гребня устанавливать отрезок уплотняющей прокладки длиной 500 мм с привязкой к оси вертикального стыка по 250 мм в каждую сторону;- работы по установке водоотводящего фартука и уплотняющей прокладки выполнять с перекрытия после замоноличивания колодца вертикального стыка;- в отличие от закрытых стыков уплотняющие прокладки в устья стыков дренированного типа устанавливать с учетом расположения дренажных отверстий: в горизонтальных стыках - отступив на 25 - 30 мм в каждую сторону от оси вертикального стыка (в месте расположения водоотводящего фартука - поверх него), в вертикальных стыках - так, чтобы не пересекать горизонтальных стыков.4.15. При наличии в цокольном этаже технического подполья стыки панелей следует уплотнять на всю глубину их устий полимерцементным раствором.Полимерцементный раствор готовят, вводя в цементно-песчаный раствор полимерные добавки (поливинилацетатной эмульсии, латексов дивинилстирольного СКС 65ГП "Б" или винилиденхлоридного ВХВД 65ГЩ) в виде водных дисперсий в количестве 10 - 20% от массы цемента в расчете на сухой остаток полимера.4.16. При герметизации стыков между оконными (дверными) блоками и четвертями проемов панельных стен (см. рис. 3.13 - 3.14) следует:- оконные (дверные блоки) устанавливать и закреплять в проемах панелей, как правило, в условиях заводского производства изделий; утеплять места примыкания оконных (дверных) блоков вспенивающимися полиуретановыми композициями, либо паклей, либо уплотняющими прокладками типа Вилатерм;- нанесение пенополиуретановых композиций (кроме ППУ 6ТЗ) выполнять методом напыления с использованием установок типа Пена. При этом необходимо строго соблюдать технику безопасности, в частности, обеспечивать интенсивный воздухообмен в зоне проведения работ в соответствии с требованиями нормативных документов на указанные материалы.4.17. После окончания работ все оборудование и инструмент, с помощью которых проводилась герметизация, следует очистить. Грубое удаление остатков мастики осуществляют ножом, скребком и т.п. Цилиндр смесительно-заправочного устройства и гильзы шприцев очищают с помощью поршней и шомпола. Затем указанные механизмы тщательно промывают уайт-спиритом (ксилолом, сольвентом) и горячей водой с мылом.ЗАПРЕЩАЕТСЯ во избежание порчи гильз шприцев выжигать остатки мастики открытым пламенем.Остатки неиспользованной мастики и лент следует утилизировать, собирая в специальные емкости, и вывозить для захоронения по согласованию с Госсанэпиднадзором.5. Technology of repair seam sealing
5.1. In the total volume of sealing work, repair significantly exceeds the volume of primary sealing. At the same time, almost all technological operations are performed outside using cradles and climbers. It is when performing repair sealing of all types of joints that self-adhesive materials are most effective, the use of which makes it possible to ensure reliability with a significant reduction in labor intensity.5.2. Repair work to eliminate defects in the seams of prefabricated buildings during the warranty period of operation must be carried out by house-building enterprises, and after this period - by specialized repair and construction organizations in strict accordance with the approved regulatory documents. 5.3. Design solutions for repair sealing should be made in accordance with the results of field surveys of operating and inspecting organizations, taking into account complaints from the population. 5.4. Effectively carry out full-scale surveys of building seams in the autumn-winter period for the full detection of defects (leaks, freezing, blowing). Field surveys, as a rule, are performed visually and, if necessary, using tools and special equipment. Visually inspect buildings both outside and inside, taking into account the comments of residents.5.5. Inside the buildings, it is obligatory to inspect apartments with joint defects, as well as adjacent apartments, i.e. adjacent, above and below floors. When going around the apartments, one should measure the relative humidity and air temperature in them and interview the residents to clarify information about the flaws in the water, air and heat insulation of the fences and identify the mode of operation of the premises, comprehensively assessing the causes of defects. During external visual examinations, damage to the protective layer at the joints, defects in the outer wall panels (near the edges and corners of the panels, cracks in the textured layer, etc.), defects in the adjunctions of loggia and balcony slabs to the outer wall panels, as well as adjunction defects window and door (balcony) blocks to quarters of wall openings. In some cases, when the cause of the defect is unclear, and if there are appropriate opportunities, additional examinations should be carried out using special instrumental methods, for example, thermal imaging with the involvement of specialized organizations that have the appropriate equipment. All identified defects should be recorded on the diagrams.5.6. Based on the results of surveys of the seams of buildings, the scope of work on repair sealing is established. In this case, in cases related to the elimination of leaks, one should proceed from the following: - if there are more than 30% of defective seams in the house, a major overhaul is necessary - continuous repair sealing of the seams. The decision on this is made by the relevant municipal service, for example, the Directorate of a single customer; - if there are defects in the seams in 30% or more of the rooms facing this facade, all seams of this facade of the building must be repaired, including seams at the junction of window (door) blocks to quarters of openings; - if there are individual defects in the seams in less than 30% of the premises facing this facade, the defective seam, the horizontal and vertical seams adjacent to it and the above floors, as well as seams at the junction of window (door) blocks are repaired to the quarters of the openings of adjacent panels of the upper floor; - in the presence of individual defects in the seams at the junctions of the window (door) blocks to the quarters of the openings, an appropriate selective repair is performed according to the customer's inventory. 5.7. In cases related to the elimination of spot freezing and increased air permeability, only defective sections of the seams are repaired.5.8. In houses with open joints, if defects are found, all interpanel joints should be repaired as closed ones.5.9. Repair sealing of external seams should be carried out in dry weather and, as a rule, at a positive outside temperature.5.10. Repair sealing of seams performed outside should be carried out from suspended lifting cradles, as well as from lifting cantilever-articulated towers mounted on vehicles. In necessary cases, it is possible to attract rock climbers.5.11. Before starting repair sealing, it is necessary to perform the following preparatory work: - study the technical documentation drawn up based on the results of the surveys; bring the necessary materials, mechanisms, inventory, tools and fixtures for repairs; - mount and test handling equipment; - supply electricity; - bring special lockable metal chests for storing tools, sealing and sealing materials, install them in specially equipped places; - bring and install in the working area special notice posters designed to promote safe work practices; - instruct workers on the rules of technology, safety and labor protection.Sealing joints during their primary repair
5.12. Typical errors in design and new construction that necessitate primary repair sealing of joints are: - improper filling of the mouths of the joints with insulation elements, including filling the mouths with cement-sand mortar without sealing gaskets and sealing mastic; - applying sealing mastic in the mouths directly on a rigid base of the type cement-sand mortar, the use of cement-sand mortar as a protective layer (see Fig. 1.3, 1.4); - incorrect assignment and (or) inaccurate maintenance of the thickness of the sealing mastic layer at the mouths of the joints during the work. As a result, with a mouth width of 20 mm, exceeding the limiting three-millimeter thickness at the thinnest point of the cross-section of the layer of elastomeric mastics during operation leads to separation (peeling) of the mastic from the walls of the butt mouth; - violation of the requirements for preparation contained in the instructions for the use of specific sealing mastics joint surfaces of mating elements before applying mastics, as well as the rules for its preparation and application to the mouth of the joints.5.13. Repair sealing of joints of closed and drained types should be carried out according to the method of surface sealing - pasting. 5.14. Restorative sealing is performed in case of failure of the insulating elements located at the mouth of the joint, i.e. in case of deep cracks and delamination of the sealing mastic from the joined edges of the panels or its rupture * loss of elastic properties by the sealing gaskets, violation of the floor drainage (at the joints of the drained type). 5.15. With this type of repair, the mouth should first be cleared by removing the elements filling it, except for the drainage aprons at the joints of the drained type. For clearing, use a scarpel, hammer, steel brush or pneumatic chisel, pneumatic or electric brushes (see section 6). The edges of the panels forming the joints are cleaned with cranberries. Then, dust and mortar residues are removed from the cleaned joints, the cavities are dried by blowing with compressed air, the edges of the panels and the walls of the butt mouths are degreased with solvents. The special tools of ZAO F. Mobile Multi Master are effective (see section 6).5.16. When repairing drained joints at the intersections of horizontal and vertical joints, two solutions for restorative sealing are possible. The first is used when the calculation shows that the presence of drainage holes arranged at the indicated intersections leads to non-compliance with the requirement for heat and air protection of buildings established in accordance with amendment No. 3 to SNiP P-3-79 "Construction heating engineering". In this case, the repaired drained joints are converted into closed ones (Fig. 5.1); drainage aprons are cut at the base of the waterproof ridge and the lower parts of the aprons are removed, sealing gaskets are placed in the cleared mouths of the joints, and glued sealing is performed. 5.17. Repair of a defective drained seam is carried out in the following sequence (Fig. 5.1): - using a mechanical tool, clear the cavity of the seam, removing part of the apron-drain, sealing and sealing materials; ), which, after curing, is cut with cranberries in such a way that the pasting self-adhesive tape, for example, Abris S-LTbaz, can be glued with a compensator (sag) (Fig. 5.1); - the glued edges of the tape should be carefully sealed by rolling with a typesetting roller (see. Fig. 6.11); - according to the decision of architectural supervision, the surface of the self-adhesive tape is painted to match the surface of the panels, while only highly elastic paints should be used, for example, based on chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) or based on liquid weather-resistant rubbers. 5.18. Repair sealing of open joints is performed by turning them into closed ones, in the following sequence (Fig. 5.2): - they clear the cavity of the open joint to the water-trap tape, carefully cleaning the edges of the joined panels from dirt, and degrease them with white spirit; - the cavity is compacted or towed , or PPU, laying an anti-adhesive (polyethylene film 150 microns thick);
Rice. 5.1. Constructive solutions for repair sealing of drained joints:
A - repair horizontal seam after clearing the mouth; B - vertical seam at the intersection with the horizontal after clearing the mouth; B - horizontal seam after repair;
1 - joined panels, 2 - old sealing gasket (installed during installation), 3 - cement-sand mortar (laid during installation), 4 - apron cut line, 5 - part of the apron is removed, 6 - part of the apron to be saved, 7 - antiseptic tow or polyurethane foam, 8 - cleaning and degreasing zone, 9 - Abris®RP primer, 10 - Abris®S-LTbaz or Abris®S-LTnp self-adhesive tape
The zones of future gluing are treated with the primer Abris®Rp, applying a thin layer of mastic (no more than 150 microns) with a flute brush; - after this, the self-adhesive tape Abris®S-LTbaz or Abris®S-LTtp with a compensator-sag or bulge according to a specific design solution is glued ;- in agreement with the architectural supervision, they make a decision on decorative and protective painting, without fail using elastic paint compositions containing liquid rubber. 5.19. When repairing open joints into closed ones, if the lower part of the drainage apron-drain lags behind the lower surface of the horizontal butt mouth, this part of the apron should be cut off. At the same time, the cutting line should be closer to the front surface of the panel than the place of abutment against the apron of the water baffle screen located above the horizontal joint. If the drainage apron fits snugly against the lower surface of the horizontal butt mouth, it can be saved in the case of pasting inserted into the cavity of the mouth (Fig. 5.2). 5.20. If, as a result of foaming polyurethane foam (during the curing of polyurethane foam, a significant increase in volume occurs *), part of its volume is outside the mouth, then this part should be cut off with cranberries. *) It is recommended to use foaming polyurethane compositions of domestic production: PPU 17N, GShU 6TZ, PPU 6TN, PPU 13N, Vilam 405, as well as identical to them in terms of physical and mechanical properties. 5.21. In cases where depressurization of the joints occurred after the primary sealing, performed poorly, it is advisable to stick a self-adhesive film such as PEL or adhesive tape on the old sealant or mortar and, overlapping it in width, stick the self-adhesive tape Abris ® S-LTbaz or Abris ® S-LTpn with obligatory compensation fold. If the mouth of the repaired seam is completely sealed with old, but preserved material, then a PPU or Vilaterm gasket should be glued along the seam axis to form a compensator, and then the self-adhesive tape Abris ® S-LTbaz or Abris ® S-LTpn should be glued (Fig. 5.3). 5.22 . If it is necessary to repair a seam that was previously pasted over, for example, with Guerlen-D tape, which either cracked or partially peeled off, then it is advisable to stick a PPU or Vilatherm gasket on the surface of the deformed tape along the axis of the seam to form a compensator, and stick Abris ® S- tape on top. LTbase or identical according to the project (Fig. 5.3).5.23. In the domestic practice of repair sealing, various defects in the seams can occur, not only due to poor-quality primary sealing, but also due to subsequent significant deformations of the joined enclosing structures (settlement, shrinkage, accidental damage). In such cases, the specific repair decision is made by the design or research organization, guided by the basic principles set forth in these "Guidelines".
Rice. 5.2. Constructive solutions for repair sealing of open joints:
A, B, C, - options for repair sealing of vertical joints, D, D - options for repair sealing of horizontal joints;
1 - panels to be joined, 2 - old sealing gasket (installed during installation), 3 - water strip (installed during installation), 4 - retained drainage apron, 5 - retained part of the drainage apron, 6 - Vilaterm, antiseptic tow or polyurethane foam, 7 - cleaning and degreasing zone, 8 - primer Abris®Rp, 9 - anti-adhesive agent, 10 - self-adhesive tape Abris®S-LTbaz or Abris®S-LTbaz
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Rice. 5.3. Constructive solution for repeated repair sealing of joints |
Rice. 5.5. Structural solution for additional sealing of horizontal joints: |
1 - joining wall panels, 2 - existing sealing gasket, 3 - existing sealant, 4 - existing cement-sand mortar, 5 - Guerlain-D, glued during the initial repair, 6 - Abris®Rs mastic, 7 - half of Vilaterma solid section 0 6-8 mm, 8 - zone of cleaning and degreasing, 9 - primer Abris®Rp, 10 - self-adhesive tape Abris®S-LTbaz or Abris®S-LTpn |
1 - joining wall panels, 2 - ceiling, 3 - old cement-sand mortar, 4 - old seal, 5 - cleaning zone, 6 - self-adhesive tape Abris®S-LT, 7 - plinth |
Sealing of butt joints of one- and three-layer wall panels
Rice. 5.4. Constructive solution for repair sealing of joints between window (door) blocks and quarters of openings:
A - side joint between the window block and a quarter of the wall opening, B - joint between the window block and the lower quarter of the wall opening;
1 - outer wall panel, 2 - window block, 3 - porous joint seal (installed during installation), 4 - old sealing mastic, 5 - window sill, 6 - metal drain, 7 - tape Abris®S-LTbaz or Abris®S - LTnp, 8 - Abris®S-LB tape, 9 - sealing with polymer solution.
5.26. The joints of one- and three-layer panels of external walls of a closed type during the construction process, as a rule, are sealed with elastomer mastics in combination with porous sealants. Due to the fact that such panels are subject to significant deformations, primarily under the influence of temperature changes, there are frequent breakdowns of the seams, especially when there is insufficient deformability in the cold and adhesion of mastics to concrete surfaces (Fig. 5.6). It is these factors that determine the expediency of sealing the butt joints of such structures with self-adhesive reinforced tapes. In this case, it is extremely important to provide sufficient compensation sag (or fold) so that the stresses in the seam are close to zero.5.27. In one- and three-layer wall panels, sealing is performed using either foamed polyethylene (Vilaterm-SP (SM), or antiseptic tow, or polyurethane foam pasted with self-adhesive reinforced tape Abris ® S-LTbaz or Abris ® S-LTnp as porous gaskets (Fig. 5.7) The specific decision is made by the design organization. sand mortars 1:3 with the addition of up to 15% PVAE by weight of cement or use a more reliable polyisocyanate composition Lukar-OV or Lukar-OH *. 2002, like all Lucars, are classified as low-hazard substances of the fourth hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007-76 (Hygienic decision No. 52.NTs.15.577.P.000355.02.03 dated February 17, 2003). Trademark certificate No. 257756 dated October 27, 2003, 5.29. If there are grease residues on the edges of the panels, they should be washed off using a rag soaked in white spirit before mechanical cleaning.5.30. As a primer-primer, Abris®Rp mastic should be used, which is applied with a bristle flute brush in a thin layer (layer thickness should not exceed 150 microns) in one pass. 5.31. Tow and porous O-rings (the diameter of the gasket should be twice the width of the gap at the mouth of the joint) are introduced dry into the cavity using rounded wooden spatulas. The joint of the gaskets should be carried out "on the mustache" at a distance of at least 300 mm from the intersection of the vertical and horizontal joints. As adhesives, "ONIKS", "88-KR" and "88-KRM" are effective.
Sealing of butt joints of single-module panels and blocks
5.35. The joints of single-module panels and blocks are closed joints (sealants are located only on the outer surface), therefore, their repair is carried out only from the outside (Fig. 5.8). 5.36. With an average width of the mouths of the joints, which is 20 mm, they can be sealed with both mastic and self-adhesive tapes (Fig. 5.9). 5.37. As a sealing mastic, apply Abris ® S-B or Abris ® Rs to the primer-primer Abris ® Rp. The mastic should be applied with a pneumatic gun or a spatula. 5.38. Instead of mastic, self-adhesive tapes Abris ® S-LTbaz or Abris ® S-LTnp can be used. The specific solution is determined by the project or in agreement with the architectural supervision.5.39. Pasting sealing is advisable to perform in the warm season, taking into account the maximum opening of the joint due to the shortening of the joined structures in the cold season.6. Mechanisms, tools and devices for sealing during construction and repair
6.1. To clean concrete surfaces from old materials and burrs, pneumatic or electric drills with replaceable nozzles are used (Fig. 6.1). For cutting old sealants, it is rational to use Hilti equipment and Fajn vibrating knives for opening joints, as well as Multi Master (Fig. 6.2).6.2. To dry surfaces before applying sealants, gas burners or the Mosstroy SCR apparatus are used (Fig. 6.3 and 6.4). 6.3. To apply mastic type Abris ® S-B, Abris ® Rs, you can use pistols (syringes) (Fig. 6.5 - 6.7) and a filling device (Fig. 6.8).
Rice. 5.7. Rational constructive and technical solutions for repair sealing of seams of one- and three-layer panels:
1 - abutting external panels, 2 - fine-grained concrete, 3 - porous gasket type Vilaterm SM Ø 40 - 60mm (PPU or antiseptic tow), 4 - cleaning zone, 5 - primer Abris Rp, 6 - self-adhesive tape Abris S-LTnp or Abris S-LTbaz, 7 - polymer solution, 8 - porous insulation (mineral wool, basalt wool)
Rice. 5.9. Ratio ●… man-made and technological solutions for repair sealing of seams of single-module panels (blocks):
1 - jointed outer panels, 2 - sealing gasket Vilaterm SM 0 40 mm (PPU or antiseptic tow), 3 - cleaning zone, 4 - primer Abris®Rp, 5 - mastic Abris®S-B or Abris®Rs, 6 - self-adhesive tape Abris®S-LTnp or Abris®S-LTbaz
6.4. To seal the tow in the joint cavity, it is rational to use a pneumatic caulk (Fig. 6.9). 6.5. For the application of polyurethane foam compositions, installations such as Pena-98P20, Foam-9M or Foam-12 are used (Fig. 6.10). With small amounts of foaming of joint cavities, standard cans of domestic or foreign production of the Macroflex type are used. For filling cavities in vertical joints, it is rational to use the Foam-98 NPF "N.S.T." with a special filling head. In this case, the PPU components are mixed mechanically, which makes it possible to create a homogeneous PPU mixture of uniform density at the outlet of the pouring device.6.6. To seal the cavity of the mouth with porous gaskets and when sticking self-adhesive tapes, type-setting rollers are used (Fig. 6.11). 6.7. To apply Abris®Rs and Abris®Ru mastics, it is recommended to use electric seals that can be made in a construction company using standard electric drills (Fig. 6.6a, b). To smooth down the mastics, hand trowels are used (Fig. 6.12). 6.8. To cut off the excess mass of polyurethane foam, it is recommended to use cranberries, which are suitable for cleaning old elastomers (Fig. 6.13). 6.9. It is advisable to place all tools, mechanisms, fixtures and materials in a specially equipped trailer (room) (Fig. 6.14).
7. Sealing quality control
7.1. Quality control of sealing joints and repair of seams includes control of the correct storage, preparation and use of materials, step-by-step control of technological operations for sealing, as well as acceptance of work performed. Quality control of sealing materials, in particular, is carried out by the supplier, "Plant of Sealing Materials", as well as leading specialists of State Academies, Research Institutes and design institutes under the contract. Periodic control is carried out by the Housing Inspectorate.7.2. A necessary condition for high-quality sealing is the appropriate qualification of personnel. Works on sealing joints (seams) must be carried out by workers trained in special programs at the workplace. 7.3. Before using mastics and self-adhesive tapes, check:
Rice. 6.1. Scheme of mechanisms for cleaning structures: a) reversible pneumatic angled brush, b) electric drill,
1 - stylish brush, 2 - attachment for interchangeable equipment, 3 - impeller, 4 - drill body, 5 - switch, 6 - replaceable steel brush, 7 - cutter for clearing seams, 8 - material hose
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Rice. 6.2. Swedish mechanism for clearing the seams between wall panels (blocks) |
Rice. 6.4. Scheme of the SKB Mosstroy mechanism for drying joints: 1 - electric heater housing, 2 - electrical cabinet with control panel, 3 - rubber-fabric hose for air supply from the compressor, 4 - high-temperature hose, 5 - rod |
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Rice. 6.3. Structural scheme of the injection burner for drying the mouth of the joint: 1 - nozzle, 2 - stabilizer, 3 - mixer, 4 - nozzle, 5 - tap, 6 - nipple |
Rice. 6.5. Gun with auger mixer:
A - general view and longitudinal section, B - assembled and disassembled;
1 - auger, 2 - bearings, 3 - sleeve, 4 - nozzle, 5 - glass, 6 - shaft
Rice. 6.6. Electrical seal:
A - device diagram, B - in working condition;
1 - drill, 2 - mount, 3 - body, 4 - coil, 5 - electric heater, 6 - nozzle, 7 - two-way connector, 8 - sleeve, 9 - electric heating, 10 - handle, 11 - switch, 12 - electric drive
Rice. 6.7. Manual syringe for applying mastic:
A - a diagram of the device of the syringe, B - sealing the mouth of the seam by syringe;
1 - pile tape, 2 - mouthpiece, 3 - nut, 4 - tip, 5 - piston, 6 - rod, 7 - cylinder, 8 - cap, 9 - handle, 10 - spring
Rice. 6.8. Mixing and filling device designed by TsNIIOMTP for easy-flowing mastics:
1 - tank (capacity), 2 - removable ring, 3 - rubber bottom, 4 - latch, 5 - piston, 6 - syringe sleeve heel, 7 - piston handle, 8 - tank handle, 9 - piston handle heel
Rice. 6.9. Scheme of the pneumatic caulking device (chasing):
1 - pneumatic hammer KMP-31, 2 - holder, 3 - retainer, 4 - replaceable caulking (chasing)
Rice. 1.10. Foam installation scheme - 12:
1 - container for polyester mixture (component A), 2 - pump, 3 - filter, 4 - container for polyisocyanate (component B), 5 - interchangeable gears, 6 - clutch, 7 - pneumatic drill, 8 - scroll mechanism, 9 - pressure hoses, 10 - pressure hoses, 11 - pressure regulator, 12 - filter drier, 13 - spray gun, 14 - mixing chamber, 15 - trigger
Rice. 1.14. Scheme of the room for sealers:
1 - mechanisms for sharpening cranberries and spatulas, 2 - a box for the disposal of used devices, 3.4 - boxes for protective devices, 5 - a place for solvents, 6 - a toilet room, 7 - an electrical panel, 8 - boxes for storing syringes (pistols) , 9 - location of the machine for applying polyurethane foam, 10 - containers for sealants, 11 - wardrobe, 12 - resting place, 13 - individual lockers, 14 - washbasin
Rice. 6.11. Designs of rollers for sealing the seam with porous gaskets:
A - composing roller, B - shaped roller, C - sealing the seam with a composing roller
Rice. 6.12. The design of a manual caulk for sealing the cavities of seams with tow
Rice. 6.13. Scheme for cleaning the edges of joined structures from old mastic with cranberries
The correctness of the delivery package in accordance with the manufacturer's passport, the presence of markings (labels) on containers and packages; ) containers in which the mastic (primer) is supplied; - compliance of the time of use of the mastic and tapes with the warranty period of storage, taking into account the date of their manufacture. These terms and date are entered in the labels (markings) and are contained in the passport, which also indicates the quality indicators of the mastic according to TS and the actual ones, determined by the results of laboratory tests at the manufacturer.7.4. It is necessary to control that in the presence of at least one of the following violations - an overdue warranty period for the storage of any material, non-compliance with the conditions for their storage, violation of the tightness of the container, inconsistency in appearance - use only after receiving the test results for compliance with the requirements specified in paragraph 1. 7.3.7.5. With regard to other materials used for sealing joints (seams), it is necessary to control compliance with the conditions of their delivery, labeling, storage given in the specifications for these materials, as well as the compliance of the time of use of materials with the warranty period of their storage. 7.6. The performance of work on sealing joints (seams) must be regularly recorded in a special journal. For the entire complex of these works, acts on hidden works should be drawn up. 7.7. To ensure the quality of work, systematic step-by-step control is necessary throughout all stages of joint sealing, both during new construction and during repairs. The control is carried out by the engineering and technical personnel of the contractor and the customer, as well as employees of the technical control of housing construction enterprises and representatives of the design organization. 7.8. When carrying out repair sealing of joints, supervision is necessary from the operating organization, which is in charge of the building being repaired. If deviations from the provisions of these instructions are found, an act should be drawn up in two copies - for the operating and higher repair and construction organization, and also to record violations in the journal "Control quality of work on sealing the joints of prefabricated buildings". 7.9. Acceptance of work performed should be accompanied by an inspection of all repaired seams. Upon completion of the acceptance, an act should be drawn up, which is signed by representatives of the organization that carried out the repair and the operating organization in charge of the building. 7.10. The quality of sealing joints is recommended to be checked selectively (5% of the total number of repaired joints in the house) by control testing them for water permeability by sprinkling in accordance with the "Instructions on the method of instrumental testing of the tightness of joints of external wall panels, window and balcony blocks by sprinkling at factories and construction sites "VSN-100-74 and RSN 58-82" Instructions for testing for water and air permeability of the joints of the outer walls of large-panel and volume-block residential buildings in natural conditions ", Minsk, Gosstroy of the BSSR, 1982.7.11. Check for breathability should be the mouth of the joints, sealed from the outside (at least: vertical ordinary - 10, horizontal - 5, intersections of vertical and horizontal - 3, vertical corner - 2) according to the method described in OST 20-2-74 "Verification methods heat-shielding qualities and air permeability of enclosing structures in large-panel buildings "and" Maps of labor processes for sealing the joints of external walls, waterproofing and insulating the surfaces of building structures ", Mosorgtekhstroy, M., 1987.7.12. The quality of adhesion of sealants in natural conditions is determined using an adhesion meter AG designed by LNIIAKH named after K.D. Pamfilova.7.13. After the completion of the repair sealing of the seams for each house, fill out a log sheet (Appendix 3). In addition, after intense slanting rain (rain accompanied by wind), as well as strong winds, it is necessary to interview residents who have previously filed complaints about leaks or blowing of external walls in the joint area, whether recurrences of previous defects are observed.
8. Safety and industrial sanitation
8.1. Work on sealing joints (seams) both during new construction and during repairs should be carried out strictly observing the requirements: - SNiP 12-04-2002 "Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production"; - GOST 12.0.004 -90 "SSBT. Organization of labor safety training"; - GOST 12.3.005-76 "Painting works, general safety requirements"; - GOST 12.4.011-75 "Means of protection for workers"; - GOST 12.4.020-82 "SSBT. Personal protective equipment for hands. Nomenclature of quality indicators "; - "Typical instructions for labor protection for workers in the construction, building materials industry and housing and communal services" TOI R-66-01-95, Ministry of Construction of Russia; - "Safety regulations for current and overhaul of residential and public buildings. Stroyizdat, M., 1972; - "Fire safety rules in the production of construction and installation works", approved by the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation; - GOST 12.1.004-76 "Fire Safety"; - specific projects and these instructions. 8.2. In accordance with the Code of Labor Laws and the current safety regulations in construction, the responsibility for creating safe working conditions rests with the leading administrative and technical personnel of the repair organization. 8.3. To promote safe working methods, the administration is obliged to hang out notice posters in the working area with a size of at least 400 × 400 mm (Fig. 8.1 - 8.6). 8.4. Sealing workers are required to undergo a medical examination and have a permit to work with polymeric materials and solvents. 8.5. Solvents are flammable - this should determine the utmost care in solving the issues of storage, transportation and use of them at the repair site. 8.6. Engineering and technical personnel and sealers should be trained in the rules for the safe performance of each technological operation directly at the workplace. After checking their knowledge, they must sign in a special safety journal. Repeated briefing is carried out at least once every 3 months. 8.7. Workers under the age of 21 suffering from chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, eyes and stomach are not allowed to repair sealing. 8.8. Sealers are issued an order for especially dangerous work. It is allowed to use self-elevating cradles tested under static and dynamic loading (it is obligatory to have a test certificate for each cradle). Climbers are required to have a permit for sealing works.8.9. Sealers must be dressed in cotton overalls - overalls in accordance with GOST 12.04.001.75.8.10. It is forbidden to smoke, eat food and use open fire in the cradles. There must be a carbon dioxide foam fire extinguisher in the cradle. 8.11. To protect hands and face, it is advisable to use pastes, the composition of which is given in Appendix 4, or silicone cream.
Appendix 1
Characteristics of butt joints in prefabricated buildings
When arranging butt joints of enclosing structures of buildings, various design solutions are used to ensure their water and air insulation, while each element forming the joint performs certain functions. Structural elements
Screen- a protective device, the width of which in the working position is greater than the basic size of the gap of the joined structures. The screen is designed to dampen wind pressure and retain dripping moisture. The screen is made in water with tapes made of polyolefins or metals, which are installed in specially provided grooves up to 20 mm deep freely or by surprise, or from the outside. sealed zone - part of the joint with a gap ending in the mouth, into which a sealing material is placed to prevent moisture and air from filtering into the joint and into the room. Decompression channel- an unfilled joint cavity with a gap greater than the base one, providing a sharp decrease in the speed of air and moisture penetrating into the joint. The decompression channel equalizes the pressure of the outside air, reducing the kinetic energy of the droplet moisture. The decompression channel is made in the form of a ventilated air space between the screen and the compacted area. The cross section of the decompression channel must exceed the width of the joint mouth. To prevent the closure of joined structures in the sealed zone, geometric error compensator. The design of vertical joints provides for the provision of a minimum gap of at least 10 mm for any tolerances for the manufacture and installation of structures. For this, a constructive method is used - a device for mounting outlets that provide a minimum gap of 10 mm. Drainage device designed to bring out precipitation falling into the joint. Weather-resistant aprons and tubes are used as such sewer devices for floor-by-floor drainage of water from the decompression channel. When they are deformed, capillary suction and gravitational penetration of moisture into the body of the enclosing structures occur. Crest- a barrier with a height of at least 60 mm at the horizontal joint, preventing the penetration of precipitation. open area structural devices, providing protection of the joint from precipitation, drainage and their removal to the outside. Closed area structural devices, in which the watertightness of the joint is ensured by fencing its air permeability. closed joint- characterized by a closed area outside, i.e. the sealant is located outside, providing water and air protection of the joint. open joint with an open zone outside, and the sealant is placed inside the joint. Due to the fact that the intensity of aging of sealants is determined by exposure to UV radiation, precipitation, icing, "acid rain", the open joint is designed to exclude most of these effects. The tightness of the open joint in mainly depends on the quality of installation and tolerances of joined structures.Appendix 2
An example of calculating the sag - compensator
As an example, we perform the calculation for the conditions of central Russia with the following initial data: - the characteristic length of the concrete panel is 6 m (its surface is not protected from moisture penetration); - the calculated winter temperature is -31 ° C, summer +30 ° C; - design joint width (b) - 20 mm, maximum (b max) - 50 mm, minimum (b tin)- 10 mm, mouth - 15 × 15 mm × 45 °; - according to the total impact on the enclosing structures of humidity and temperature, we take the months of January and July as extremes. The calculation begins with determining the magnitude of the longitudinal deformation of the wall panel, taking into account the effects of humidity and temperature, and then determine the value of the expansion fold for joints with a step of 10 mm from b tin before b max. In the extreme case, temperature and humidity effects cause deformation of the panels in one direction: in winter, in case of minimal panel moisture (Ψ
min) with the lowest temperature (tmin) =-31°C, (t max) in summer = 30°С. Maximum deformation (Δmax) panels will be: Δ max = alΔ t+η lΔ U (1)
where a is the average coefficient of linear expansion of the panel 10 -5 deg -1 *, Ψ - coefficient of linear swelling of concrete panel; Δt- operating difference of extreme temperatures; ΔU- estimated difference in humidity; l is the length of the panel. The coefficient of linear swelling is determined based on the weather conditions on the panel:
where U max ,Umin- respectively, the maximum and minimum average monthly relative humidity of the outside air; R- numerical value according to table 47; τ, τ 1, - time in hours, counted from January. Substituting the values Umin = 30%, Umax = 90%, τ = 8640, τ 1 = 4320, R = π, determine Ψ (τ) = 0.0125 g/h . Then from (1) it follows that the maximum axial increment of the panel length will be:
Δ max \u003d 10 -5 * 6000 * 61 + 5 * 10 -3 * 6000 * 1.25 * 10 -2 \u003d 3.975 mm
* For the composition of the mixture cement + sand 1:1 a = 12.6 * 10 -6 deg -1, for the composition of the mixture 1: 8 a = 9.5 * 10 -6 deg -1, average value a\u003d 10 * 10 -6 deg -1 \u003d 10 -5 deg -1. Taking into account possible variations in the composition of concrete, we assign a safety factor To =1,2, then the calculated value of the panel deformation will be:
Δ calc.= 1.2 * 3.975 = 4.8mm
On fig. 2 shows a diagram of a joint with a compensator. Data for determining the amount of deflection for various values b are given in table (2).
|
b , mm |
L , mm |
h , mm |
Literature
1. K.F. Fokin. Construction heat engineering of enclosing parts of buildings. Stroyizdat, Moscow, 1973. 2. S.V. Alexandrovsky. Calculation of concrete and reinforced concrete structures for changes in temperature and humidity, taking into account creep. Stroyizdat, M., 1974.Annex 3
JOURNAL-VEDOMOST
works on repair sealing of joints
Representative of the customerRepresentative of the repair and construction organization "___" _________________ Appendix 4
Compositions of prophylactic pastes
|
Paste name |
Ingredients |
% by mass |
Starch | Glycerol | White clay | Talc | Vaseline oil | Food gelatin | Water | Ethanol | Salicylic acid | Casein |
Biological ("invisible") gloves |
Ethanol | Glycerol | 25% ammonia solution | Glycerol | Kaolin (white clay) | Water | Neutral sodium soap |
Selissky pasta |
Boric acid | Potato starch | Talc | Food gelatin | Lanolin | Glycerol | Water | Glycerol | Ethanol | pumice powder | Salicylic acid |
Properly performed sealing of interpanel seams is the key to high-quality operation of the dwelling, thanks to comprehensive protection against atmospheric influences and leaks. Depressurization requires the adoption of emergency measures to eliminate deformation and destruction in the area of the joints. The penetration of moisture can cause freezing of the walls, the formation of condensate, the appearance of mold, fungus.
Sealing of interpanel seams is carried out in violation of the integrity of the joints. The reasons for depressurization can be:
- non-compliance with the standards of building technology during the construction of the structure;
- displacement of panel blocks, due to uneven shrinkage of the bearing elements of the building;
- deformation of the panels under the influence of sudden temperature changes;
- intense influence of precipitation, high humidity conditions and low temperature conditions.
The technology of insulation of interpanel seams should take place in stages, in accordance with established rules. Deformation changes require the opening of the groove between the panels.
Insulation and sealing works are carried out according to standard technology:
- Cleaning and cleaning surfaces from old insulation, dust, paint, mastic.
- Jointing of cracks in the interpanel space.
- Filling the joints with heat-insulating material (polyurethane foam). After application, in the process of hardening, the composition expands, filling the pores, voids in the inaccessible places of the seam. During work, the joint surfaces must be clean and dry.
- Vilaterm insulation bookmark. The material has a dense structure, has optimal characteristics of thermal insulation, elasticity, and is easy to install. The insulation is laid without gaps, filling the entire length of the seams. It is required to leave a place for sealing after laying the material.
- At the end, the seams are processed with sealing compounds (waterproofing mastics), which close the insulation after installation from external influences.
Carrying out repair work on sealing is recommended to be carried out at a temperature range from -10°С to +30°С, and in the complete absence of precipitation. Violation of external conditions during installation will lead to the fragility of hydroprotection.
Sealing of interpanel seams from inside the apartment is carried out if it is impossible to perform high-altitude work from the outside of the dwelling. The room should be free from furniture. Next, a surface opening of the interpanel joints is performed and the scope of work is determined. If the sealing material is in a satisfactory condition, it is advisable to foam the groove between the panels by preparing holes along the seam.
In the absence of insulation and deformation of the panel blocks, a deep opening of the seams will be required. The technology of work is similar to external repair work. The process of external sealing of interpanel seams of houses involves the use of an algorithm for primary and secondary processing of block joints.
Sealing of interpanel seams of the primary type is carried out in new buildings. Sealing of joints is carried out by laying insulation. The innovative material vilaterm is used, presented in the form of round tubes made of polyethylene foam, or penoflex (mounting foam). The outer surface of the insulation is covered with a protective layer of a waterproofing agent - mastic.
Careful processing of interpanel seams in prefabricated houses guarantees high-quality insulation and moisture protection under aggressive weather conditions. The best choice would be sealing materials for facades, which are resistant to temperature extremes, retaining their properties for a long time.
Secondary sealing of the external interpanel joint
Sealing panel joints of the secondary type implies repair work in areas where the joints between the panels have already been processed. Repeated renewal of coatings is recommended every 5-7 years. The use of sealants and the type of repair depends on the current state of the joint.
The absence of severe damage, the satisfactory quality of the coating, allows us to limit ourselves to updating the outer sealing layer. Signs of deformation, deep destruction, require major repairs, which involve opening the seams, removing old fillers. In this case, the sealing of interpanel seams is carried out according to the primary technology.
Features of the technology of insulation of interpanel seams "Warm seam"
Insulation of interpanel seams in the presence of significant signs of destruction is carried out using the three-component technology "Warm seam". The execution technique has significant differences from standard repair work. The main material is polyurethane foam, which is not used in other options.
The sealing composition makes it possible to increase the resistance of interpanel seams to chemical and mechanical influences. Polyurethane has a low ability to accumulate moisture. After the foam hardens, a material with optimal thermal insulation characteristics is formed. With the help of polyurethane foam, it is possible to perform a full-fledged sealing of the seams of houses, thanks to the filling of all hollow spaces, even in the most inaccessible places.
As a result of applying the technology of three-component sealing and insulation of interpanel seams from the inside, an optimal level of protection against moisture and wind is achieved. In order to avoid the accumulation of condensate in the area of the interpanel joint, the method of warming the interpanel seams from the inside must be carried out in stages, taking into account all the basic norms and requirements.
Initially, the surface is cleaned, the old composition is removed. The prepared groove is treated with polyurethane foam. Until the moment of solidification, a sealant is laid, after which a waterproofing mastic is applied. Insulation of interpanel seams in prefabricated houses helps to prevent irrational heat loss by increasing the room temperature by 3-4°C.
Rules for sealing interpanel seams
The performance of work should take into account the individual characteristics of the state of the interpanel space. The rules for sealing interpanel seams will help to achieve the desired result by performing the technology with high quality, in full compliance with the standards.
Standard rules for insulation and sealing of interpanel joints:
- The presence of leaks in the area of the end surface of the wall requires a major overhaul to seal the interpanel seams of the end of the facade and the longitudinal wall.
- Leakage in the area of the vertical joint is eliminated by completely replacing the vertical joints with adjacent horizontal sections along the entire height of the building facade.
- The presence of deformation of the horizontal interpanel seam requires repair work in the area of three or four panel rows of the structure.
Sealing of interpanel joints must take into account a certain degree of stress on the joint zones. The sealing surfaces are subjected to alternate tension and compression. Insulation material and sealant are selected in the ratio of shrinkage, structural vibrations.
The effect of the load increases commensurate with the width of the joint, therefore it is recommended to lay a layer of sealant that is twice as small as the width of the joint space between the panels. When choosing a material, one should also take into account the characteristics of the compositions, the degree of resistance to loads and external influences.
Materials when working with seams
The main purpose of materials for sealing the interpanel seam from the inside is to qualitatively eliminate cracks and damage to prevent moisture from entering the joints between the panels.
Processing for sealing seams is carried out using special materials:
- mastics, sealants;
- waterproofing harnesses;
- mounting foam;
- vilaterm.
The choice of a particular material depends on the condition of the interpanel seams and the type of repair work. Sealant (sealing mastic) is used for cosmetic repairs of sealing interpanel seams.
The absence of damage at the seams of the insulation allows you to perform only the renewal of the mastic layer. It is not recommended to use cement-sand mixtures, bituminous materials, due to low performance properties. Cracks and chips form on the surface of hard coatings.
Overhaul of the sealing of panel, interpanel seams is carried out with the full opening of the joints and the replacement of the insulation. The next step is sealing and painting. It is important to take into account the performance characteristics of the insulation material, the degree of strength and resistance to external influences.
When sealing interpanel seams, the materials must be a heater that will provide reliable thermal protection and act as the basis for laying mastic, or tape. The best choice would be a composition based on foamed polyurethane.
Freezing and moisture ingress into the interpanel seams can cause serious damage and cause an uncomfortable atmosphere in the home. Timely and high-quality repair work on insulation and sealing of joints will relieve unpleasant consequences, increasing the durability of the structure.
Houses with a large number of apartments are a huge part of the total housing stock. Many of them are made using panel technology. A similar construction option helped to provide at one time everyone who needed apartments with living space.
But buildings of this type have disadvantages that it is desirable to eliminate. One of the shortcomings in the construction of panel high-rise buildings is poor-quality sealing of seams in a panel house between its component parts - panels.
Sealing the seams in a panel house is very important, because when the apartment is completely sealed, electricity consumption decreases, the microclimate in the home improves, mold and other similar troubles cease to bother the owner. To seal the seams in a panel and other house, it is worth using modern technologies. They will ensure reliability during further operation.
When erecting new buildings, sealing joints was far from being in the first place. The priority was usually the speed of construction. For sealing, simple tow or glass wool was often used, sometimes builders used rubber sealing materials. After installing the material, the connection was sealed with cement mortar, then it was simply tarred.
In the first few years, any house will shrink, albeit a small one. With a minimal shift of the panel parts relative to one another, a crack can be created in the joint that has been sealed until then, which will make the structure accessible to the penetration of cold and rain. A simple option for sealing the interpanel joint is in the same way as the builders.
This type of sealing of interpanel seams, according to the proposed technology, is the simplest and does not require large financial investments. But there is no guarantee that the structure will not move another millimeter and that the crack will not form again.
Therefore, it is worth familiarizing yourself with other sealing options, and choosing the most suitable for yourself. It is imperative to seal the seams in a panel house, because the normal condition of the premises depends on this.
How to repair seams:
- Cosmetic repairs outside. This type of sealing is the simplest. It can be used if there is no strong displacement of the seams, they are almost completely intact. The method is considered cheap, but the efficiency is low.
- In the presence of small (up to 15%) defects in the coating, the technology of partial opening of the joint can be applied.
- The best option, which is higher than others in terms of cost, is embedding using the “warm seam” technology.
It is impossible to seal the apartment from the inside, no matter how well the work is done. The main work should be carried out from the street.
If work is underway to insulate the apartment, seal the seams, it is worth doing work in the apartment itself, this will not be superfluous. The joints that will be opened are filled with insulating elements, after which they are filled with a solution. There will be only a slightly noticeable positive effect from such events, and there is no 100% guarantee that the apartment is reliably insulated.
The situation will not change much. Sealing of interpanel seams and the technology for its implementation must be known to the people doing the work and strictly observed by them. In case of violations in work, there is a risk of improper execution, and all work will be down the drain.
The seams must be insulated on both sides. There will be no significant improvements if the joints are sealed only inside the house, because it is necessary to make the connection of the plates closed along its entire length, and this cannot be done inside the dwelling.
Liquid that got inside the seam two floors above can easily seep into the apartment and create many problems. Therefore, if possible, it is best to seal the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house by teaming up with neighbors, which will allow the work to be carried out successfully.
Sometimes it is impossible to bring equipment to the house, lifting structures, which are designed to reduce financial costs during insulation, in order to cover up part of the connections. The cost of work can be different, the price will differ significantly if there is a need to call industrial climbers who seal at high altitudes.
Cosmetic home repairs
This type of repair is carried out without opening the connections. The sealing of interpanel seams does not increase significantly. It is considered the cheapest way to fix problems with seams. If we take into account the technology of work, the repair of interpanel joints should be carried out only in the case of an ideal connection of the plates outside the house.
Sealing of any interpanel joints after such repair is not allowed. Seal interpanel seams - make the house much warmer.
Before carrying out the insulation of interpanel seams, it is required to consider it for the presence of defects. After, if necessary (although, most often, it happens), the old mastic is removed with a spatula. If the cement lies normally, there are no cracks, chips, this type of finish can be performed. But in reality, a high-rise building with an ideal state of wall joints is very rare.
Activities carried out with joints:
- The joint is cleared of resin.
- Cleaned, it must be treated with a soil solution with a deep penetrating effect. A fungicidal additive is added to such mixtures, designed to fill all voids.
- If necessary, the joint is sealed with cement mortar in places where the integrity of the structure is violated. The insulation of joints in panel houses should be carried out with high quality, cement should be laid so that there are no gaps, because the further result of all work depends on this.
- After that it is covered with a water-repellent mixture (mastic). Many of its types are sold, there are one-, two-component solutions. Understanding the difference between mixtures will help you choose among many. Specialists prefer to work with two-component solutions, because the seams get a more reliable sealing of interpanel and other joints, there is no marriage due to poor-quality material here.
The mixture is mixed with a mixer, all work is carried out in accordance with the instructions. The sealing of panel joints must always be carried out in such a way that the joint is slightly larger than the joint. To make the groove being sealed after the work done look better, you can glue the joints with masking tape, which is removed after all the work has been completed.
Repair with partial opening of the suture connection
Interpanel seams should be carefully examined to identify all existing defects. In case of visible violations of a part of the coating, the sealing of the slab connection must be carried out in the following sequence:
- the first step is to remove the cement, which leaks closes the joints. It is removed all in places of poor fit. If it is necessary to remove only a certain piece, holes are drilled every 20-25 mm, which will then need to be closed;
- in these holes it is necessary to fill in the mounting foam in an amount until it begins to come out of them. You can use a foam gun to increase the convenience of the work. Waterproofing of interpanel seams must be carried out with high quality, this should be monitored in order to prevent marriage;
- after the mounting foam has completely solidified, you need to remove the part that protrudes beyond the edges of the building. The joint must be treated with a primer, and the places that have been opened and drilled holes must be plastered;
- further in the seams, all joints are filled with mastic. The thermal insulation here is high, it will turn out to significantly save on heating.
The need for the use of mounting foam is high, because only in this way it is possible to fill the voids between the slabs, which, undoubtedly, have had time to form there.
Technology "Warm seam"
The most high-quality and reliable way of sealing seams is considered to be work using this technology. The price of the work will differ from a simple cosmetic repair, and the total cost will depend on the length of the area to be embedded.
The technology for repairing interpanel seams provides for the execution of work in the following order:
- The joint in the plates is opened completely, along the entire length. The technology of sealing interpanel seams does not allow partial opening of the channel.
- All pieces of old insulation must be removed.
- If required, severely damaged parts of the panels must be repaired.
- All surfaces must be primed. It is necessary to close up large seams in a panel house with high quality, avoiding errors.
- The space must be filled with mounting foam, you should definitely remember about its properties - compaction and expansion. Do not forget that it is able to increase in size by 2 or even 3 times. Therefore, when the material has penetrated into the joint, it is worth filling it with about ¼ of the entire volume of the channel. After, if required, add a little composition until the seam is completely closed. Sealant will work only if there are no voids inside the joint.
- After the beginning of the increase in foam in volume, a heater based on foamed polyethylene should be placed in the joint. This material will help the foam stay inside the seam and prevent it from crawling out of the channel. It will not fill the outer border, where it will then need to be cut off, but the inside of the seam, all the bends, voids. Special material is prepared for embedded areas.
This sealant is usually found in the form of tubes empty inside, but material filled inside is also on sale. In size, it should be slightly, about 10% larger than the connection itself, but it must be installed with a spatula, slightly pressing into the putty - mounting foam. This product must not be damaged during work, so care must be taken. Joints must be sealed with mounting foam so that voids do not form. If this requirement is not met, all the work will be done in vain.
- The sealing of interpanel and other seams must be carried out in a certain sequence. The outer border of the joint, the slab, must be flush with the material. To complete the sealing, it is necessary to apply the mastic in the sequence indicated in the paragraph above. The sealing of interpanel seams in panel houses, the technology of work and all the nuances must be observed. Otherwise, small inaccuracies will lead to a slow destruction of the connection.
The use of technology will provide the owners with warmth. The materials are considered one of the best on sale today, the interpanel seam after their application will become waterproof, and this will make the dwelling inaccessible to the penetration of liquids. In addition, the wear resistance of the entire building increases, since it will not be destroyed from the inside. To seal the seams in any panel house reliably, this type of sealing is suitable.
It is better to entrust the work to professionals. You can do it yourself in the area of \u200b\u200b1 or 2 floors, setting up reliable loess to perform. On the floors above, it is wise to use the services of climbers. The technology for insulating interpanel seams provides for the elimination of all problems, and it is difficult for a person who has not encountered such work to carry out such activities.
Introduction
Is there a GOST for insulation of interpanel seams? In my practice, I have not seen any technologies, which technology is more reliable. Having contacted a design engineer I knew, I learned from him that all seam sealing parameters are indicated in the design documentation. When preparing a project, designers are guided by SNiP 12-01-2004 "Organization of construction" andSNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures".From the foregoing, it follows that for a correct understanding of how to insulate the seams of your apartment, you need:
1).Read SNiP 12-01-2004 "Organization of construction" andSNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures".
2). Guided by the information you read, namely the technical characteristics, choose the materials that suit us, while not forgetting about their cost.
3). Having on hand all the necessary materials, it is correct to perform work on clearing, warming and sealing the seam.
Below I will give you an excerpt from the standards for the production of sealing joints of the DEPARTMENT OF URBAN PLANNING POLICY, DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW SUE "NIIMOSSTROY".
Theoretical part
1. General Provisions.
1.1. Work on the insulation of joints of external walls during the installation of prefabricated buildings should be carried out in the sequence provided for by the technological regulations for the production of construction and installation works during the construction of buildings and structures, including prefabricated buildings, taking into account the requirements of SNiP 12-01-2004 "Organization of construction" and SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures".
1.2. Works on sealing joints and seams using polymeric materials are not recommended to be performed at an outdoor temperature below -20 °C, in rain, snow and fog.
2. Causes of common defects
2.1 Possible violations of water and air insulation of enclosing structures of large-panel buildings may occur for the following reasons:
Wrong choice of sealing and sealing materials for joint insulation, as well as the use of substandard materials that do not meet the requirements of GOST and TU for materials;
- defects that occur during the manufacture of panels (deviations from dimensions exceeding the allowable; violations of the integrity of the end faces of wall panels; increased porosity of concrete of the outer faces, etc.);
- defects arising during storage and transportation of panels (chips of edges, corners, ridge, tooth, other local damage);
- defects made during the installation of panels (deviation from the dimensions of the gaps in the joints between the panels, exceeding the allowable; wedge-shaped joints; offset of the joined panels relative to the plane of the facade; the presence of a reverse slope of balcony slabs when embedded in walls, etc.);
3. Constructive
3.1. The design of the joint should provide:
Water resistance at given air pressure differences on the outer and inner surfaces of the walls;
- breathability according to SNiP 23-02-03:
- for residential, public and domestic buildings - no more than 0.5 kg / (m2 h);
- for industrial buildings - no more than 1.0 kg / (m2 h)
- heat transfer resistance - not lower than the value of heat transfer resistance for external enclosing structures.
3.2. At the joints of external wall panels, a set of materials should be used to ensure their high-quality sealing and sealing:
Sealing mastics (sealants);
- sealing materials;
- tape materials;
- primers;
- thermal insulation materials.
4. Materials for the device of interpanel joints and requirements for them
4.1. General requirements
4.1.2. The materials used for insulation of interpanel joints must be compatible with each other and with the materials of the joined structural elements.
4.1.4. The temperature range for the use of sealing materials is from minus 10 to 35°C. If it is necessary to use materials at a lower temperature, technological measures should be taken in accordance with these recommendations.
4.1.6. The materials used for joint insulation must be resistant to long-term exposure to operational factors. The durability (service life) of sealing and sealing materials must be at least 5 conventional years of operation.
4.2. Curing sealants and their requirements
4.2.1 For sealing inter-panel joints, it is recommended to use one- and two-component curing mastics, which, after curing, turn into rubber-like elastic sealants.
4.2.2. Curing sealants must comply with the requirements of GOST 25621-83 and their technical specifications.
4.3. Sealing materials and requirements for them
4.3.1. For sealing horizontal and vertical joints, materials with elasticity are recommended.
4.3.2. Sealing gaskets used in interpanel joints must meet the following requirements characterizing their technological and operational properties:
Compression resistance of gaskets of any section at a temperature of 20 ± 5°С, not more than 0.25 MPa minus 20 ± 5°С, not more than 0.50 MPa
- residual deformation during compression by 25 - 50% no more than 10 - 20%, brittleness temperature not lower than minus 40°C.
4.3.3. Polyethylene foam products (pads) are recommended Izodom (TU 2244-001-99267398-2007), Vilaterm (TU 2291-009-03989419-06) of different sizes, which are installed in a joint crimped by 25 - 50%, and due to the elastic properties, together with sealant ensure the tightness of the joint. Gaskets Izodom and Vilaterm are also a substrate for sealant and provide the necessary thickness and configuration of the mastic joint.
4.3.4. Polyethylene foam products Izodom, Vilaterm are produced with a length of 3000 mm in the form of a circular section with a hole (outer diameter from 30 to 120 mm) and a solid section (outer diameter from 6 to 80 mm). By agreement with the consumer, Vilaterm is produced in other sizes and configurations. Deviations in length and outer diameter are no more than ± 1.7%.
5. Technology for arranging joints of external wall panels of buildings during construction
5.1. Work on the arrangement of joints of the outer wall panels of buildings should be carried out taking into account the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", section 3.
5.2. Installation of Vilaterm polyethylene foam gaskets in the joints, as the basis for the sealant, and sealing of the joints with curing sealants are carried out from the side of the facade from hinged cradles, platforms, using industrial mountaineering methods.
5.3. Sealing joints with porous gaskets.
5.3.1. For sealing horizontal and vertical joints, polyethylene foam gaskets "Vilaterm", "Izodom" or similar sealing materials are used.
Gaskets should be transversely crimped at the joint by 20 - 50% of the original diameter. On construction sites, gaskets of various diameters should be available, taking into account possible deviations in the dimensions of the joint gaps during the installation of panels.
5.3.2. Gaskets are installed dry in horizontal and vertical joints from the side of the outer surface of the wall as a base for sealants.
5.3.3. Gaskets must not be stretched during installation, in order to avoid damage to the surface, the gasket must be brought into the joint using a rounded wooden spatula.
5.4. Sealing joints with curing sealants
5.4.1. The preparation and application of the sealant is carried out in accordance with the Instructions for its use.
5.4.2. Two-component curing sealants are supplied by the manufacturer in a complete set in a weight dosage according to the passport for each batch of sealant.
5.4.3. The preparation of the sealant is carried out at the place of work in such portions that can be used up completely within half of the work shift (4 hours). The mixing of the sealant components should be carried out using an electric drill with a special nozzle for 5-6 minutes until a homogeneous mass is obtained.
5.4.5. When applied to the joint, curing mastics must have a positive temperature, regardless of the outside temperature. When sealing joints in the cold season, the sealant must be kept at a temperature of (20 ± 3) ° C for 24 hours before being applied to the joint.
5.4.6. It is forbidden to carry out sealing works during rain, snowfall, on wet panel edges, as well as at outdoor air temperature below minus 20°С.
5.4.7. The curing mastic is applied to the joint on an elastic base, which is the polyethylene foam pads "Vilaterm" or "Izodom".
Practical part
"It's better to see once than to read twice"
folk wisdom of the first half of the 21st century
In all spheres of human life, the theory is all right, but in practice there are many incomprehensible nuances.
In the first version, the seam opened evenly, so it is possible to insert a vilaterm there, in the second version, the edge of the seam is destroyed and it is impossible to insert a vilaterm there, so the seam is simply filled with foam, after drying, the foam is cut off and closed with a sealant. Since the thermal resistance of foam and veloterm are almost equal, from a technological point of view, both insulation options are correct.
/ Technology of repair of interpanel seams?
/ Industrial mountaineering services for snow removal from roofs
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What technology is used to repair interpanel seams?
As soon as a building is taken into operation, its structural elements have to be subjected to significant statistical loads. Moreover, these loads will increase in the course of how the settlement takes place. Natural shrinkage of the foundation is indispensable here. She seems unobtrusive. However, the materials for the manufacture of the fundamental base are not very plastic, and therefore the structural elements are simply displaced from their positions. In the event that we are talking about inside structures located, then this does not cause much harm to housing. The situation is much worse when it comes to external elements.
Small cracks cover the joints, and they say that they burst. But this defect also does not seriously affect the serviceability of the entire structure. In the case of facade seams that are located between the slabs, the situation is different again. The reason for the problem is that the primary sealing of the joints is carried out using solutions. As soon as the cracks begin to grow in size, quite significant pieces of the cement mass begin to fall out and crumble out of them. The outer part of the walls of buildings is difficult to access. And this exacerbates the problem even more.
Almost any building continues to breathe for several years after construction. They adapt to the characteristics of the soil. Is it possible to protect the building from this process? No, no matter what technology the builders use, there will be a certain level of settlement in any case.
High-quality repair of interpanel seams
High-quality http://www.promalpservice.ru/germ.html repair of interpanel seams and industrial mountaineering help to cope with the consequences. They protect building materials and structures from them from destruction. They restore the integrity of the joints, preventing the appearance of moisture and drafts in the rooms. Plastic polymer compositions, which are chosen when insulating interpanel seams, are reliable and durable.
Note that in previous years, the sealing of interpanel seams involved the use of hemp cord and tow. In order to provide waterproofing, builders used to use mastic and bituminous varnish. Modern sealing of interpanel joints is a process that is performed using polymer mastic and vilatherm. In the latter case, we are talking about foamed polyethylene, which is not only reliable, but also not capable of causing any harm to the human body. It has a high level of flexibility and perfectly insulates the joints.
Use of materials for sealing seams
Separately, it is worth mentioning that the sealing of seams with the help of vilaterm has been carried out for more than a year. And so the effectiveness and durability of the solution is truly guaranteed. New materials provide comprehensive protection. They not only close up even small voids, but also seal, insulate the seams between the plates. They protect the joints in the future from moisture and other adverse weather effects.
One of the advantages of modern materials is that they perform a complex task. They simultaneously protect the joints from moisture and insulate them. The embedding technology worked out over the years implies the use of two materials at the same time, which perfectly interact and complement each other - polyurethane foam and polyethylene mass. The first is also known to us as polyurethane foam. The second usually appears as a plastic stocking used in the insulation of communication pipes. Due to the excellent compatibility of building products, the quality of the result is guaranteed to be high. Closing and filling spacious voids is not a problem.
Vilaterm for seam sealing
Vilaterm can be presented in the form of a cord or a tube. It is laid in the empty areas of the seam and used as a filler. The remaining cracks are filled with polyurethane. Sealing is often performed in order to provide hydroprotection to previously insulated joints destroyed by the action of precipitation or for other reasons. By the way, if this is the case, then a slightly different technology is used. It means maintaining the integrity of the coating. In certain areas, the craftsmen make holes with a perforator. As a rule, their number is 3-4 pieces per linear meter. Holes are required for the introduction of polymeric foam material.
Sealant for repairing interpanel seams
In the same way, sealing is carried out using a sealant. What technology should be preferred? Only professionals can answer this question, and only after they examine the seams and assess their current condition. After taking into account all the factors, they will tell you exactly how to eliminate existing defects in the most efficient and optimal way.
Our company offers you a choice of several proven and highly effective options for insulating interpanel joints. In addition, we can repair your balcony. Check out the hottest technologies.
FEATURES OF WARM SEAM TECHNOLOGY
The technology of a warm seam is considered to be one of the most high-tech and effective in cases where it is required to carry out high-quality sealing of interpanel joints. Its main feature is that it is complex and universal. It helps to protect the seam from both heat leakage and moisture. In the process, the masters will use a full-bodied prestressed vilaterma cord. In order to fill small gaps and voids, they will also use mounting foam, for example, Macroflex or Penoflex.
But it is necessary to use a polyethylene foam cord only when the gap does not have significant differences and its diameter does not exceed the dimensions of the vilatherma cord itself. In addition, there should be no chips on the lock of the plates. The fact is that when straightening, the insulating lining of the material simply cannot capture them.
As a rule, warm seam technology is used in the case of a new building. However, this option will be good even if the building was erected during the Soviet Union. The warm seam method has sufficient flexibility. It enables the use of vilaterm tubes with mounting compound.
WAYS TO USE WARM SEAM TECHNOLOGY
The standard application of warm seam technology occurs as follows:
* the workspace is prepared for the process, all work surfaces are cleared;
* surfaces are wiped with a damp cloth, mounting foam is applied;
* the warming laying of a vilaterm keeps within;
* the laid tube is filled with mounting compound;
* the absence of empty areas is controlled after the foam has finally expanded;
* excess foam is removed after the composition hardens completely;
* to provide external protection against weather phenomena, a hydrophobic mastic is applied to the surface.
Despite the fact that the technology of a warm seam is not particularly difficult to perform, it is safe and reliable, and allows you to repair joints at the highest level. Naturally, any construction organization will have a limited choice of materials. But in our situation, we can use a unified material base and achieve different goals. This avoids unnecessary financial costs. The work carried out will cost you much less.
Macroflex foam for sealing interpanel seams
The warm seam technology shows the greatest efficiency in the case of hard-to-reach slots and empty areas. Foam is fed through the tube, and penetrates into all voids. In order to close up all the cracks, holes must be pre-drilled in the insulation. They are made 10 inches apart. Through the holes, the foam is fed into the voids and fills them 100%.
As for the pipe itself, the foam creates excess pressure in it, and therefore the pipe begins to fit as tightly as possible to the concrete and small cracks are also sealed. As you know, it is small cracks that most often and actively contribute to the leakage of warm air from housing. In addition, cold air from the street enters the house through the cracks.
Warm seam technology has sufficient versatility. It can be used both on an industrial scale and ordered by operating enterprises. So it is in private volumes, when the termination needs to be carried out for a single apartment of a panel building. Our company is ready to cooperate with both legal entities and individuals.
If you want to carry out a competent repair of interpanel joints, please contact our company. One of the advantages of such a decision will be that we will solve all the legal and bureaucratic difficulties ourselves. All that is required from you as a customer is just to call us and arrange a meeting.
Our work schedule is traditional. Is your personal presence required for termination? No, you can mind your own business. In order to carry out the work, we will need to collect a package of documents. The list of required papers includes various permits. But you only need to write an application and sign on this sheet. We will take all the documents to the regulatory authorities personally.
In most cases, we are contacted because the integrity of the seams has been broken on the last or first levels of the building. As a rule, we are talking about broken waterproofing. Wall panels, basements and roofs are the weak point of any structure.
The cost of repairing interpanel seams
The cost of our work is different, but it always pays for itself with the results achieved. If you need to process the joints of the entire perimeter of the apartment, then this is one thing, if a certain part is completely different. Our experienced craftsmen are ready to come for measurements and assess the situation on the spot. The average is 350 rubles. per linear meter of the seam with the cost of work and materials.
In addition, you can calculate the approximate cost of services yourself. Use the following information:
* 40-50 running meters - end kopeck piece;
* 25-35 linear meters - a typical duplex;
* 55-60 linear meters - end treshka;
* 45 running meters - typical rubbish.
The price of a standard repair and waterproofing of a balcony at the upper levels of the structure is about 18 thousand rubles. Please note that the price includes both the services of craftsmen and the cost of materials. Standard balcony - a room with an area of up to 6 squares. Sprayed products TechnoNIKOL or Technoelast are used as the coating material.
IMPORTANT! Keep in mind that complex work is always more profitable than further rework and new orders to eliminate deficiencies.
For more information on repairs, you should contact the specialists of our company. our managers will help you determine the cost of the work. In order to get to know her personally at least approximately, use the following diagram.
How to measure the length of interpanel seams?
Measure the length of the joints of the room, add to it the size of the walls, double the vertical / horizontal measurements. Since the plate has two seams on each side.
In order for independent calculations to be more reliable, you should use a drawing or housing diagram. Don't forget about the thickness of the floor and ceiling.
Our company provides its services with the help of industrial mountaineering professionals. And so you can be sure of the high quality of work. Each of our employees is a true professional who is ready to perform work of any level of difficulty. To guarantee a high level of completion and repair for each client, we use only certified building materials and approved technologies. We provide legally relevant documentation.