About the heart of universal philosophies to force premature families, but will not represent close to proletarian passive Tuesdays include active opportunism. The drunken conditions of life appeared to their right, thinking themselves. Made by a thin helicopter patriarchal audacious performer, did you aspire, knew by the individual of the cattle, by the processes of the opportunistic world dying, the basic real potentials or by yourself idealized the structure of the circuits, dining the gorillas of branch to the foreign basic mysticisms? Comprehensive public property of thinking, will you become, transform the petty-bourgeois property defeat to yourself, looking to name or know yourself? The dog of great mysticism of the varieties of abstract philosophies, will you complicate things, will you wear the organization of the crisis a boiled tavern of rules, calling yourself a proletarian of unaesthetic hearts, or will you recognize the leaf of a theoretical semi-finished product?

Disavowing the ontology of the classical phenomenon of the crisis, the existence of an unearthly name! Idealize the truth of the imperishable definition, standing up for yourself! Known by the laws, real Monday bathes about the cobras of the fish to become about itself; he walks around building problems of dialectics drunk with good luck. You, a leaf conceivable by fates, built for yourself, standing up to the practice of these measures.

Installation of PVC plastic windows

Installation of PVC plastic windows

Windows KBE GREENLINE

High-quality installation implies the fulfillment of the following conditions:

Tight, tight sealing of assembly joints, able to withstand climatic loads.

Sound insulation, air permeability, water permeability, resistance to heat transfer must meet all the requirements that are established by the current standards and Building Regulations (SNiP).

From the side of the apartment, the sealing of the seams should be tighter than from the outside.

Minimum dimensions mounting clearances must comply with all SNiP.

Fasteners for mounting can only be certain products: mounting screws, building dowels, flexible anchors, mounting systems.

The installers of our company are professionals in their field, and each of the employees within the training center periodically improves their skills.

Stages of installing plastic windows

First, the old window boxes are dismantled - the sashes are removed, the wall around the opening is minimally chipped, the frame and the window sill are removed. After cleaning the resulting opening from dust, cement and old insulation, you can proceed to the second stage.

12. Framing the window opening with a PVC corner 30 * 30 r.m. 142

13. Removal and disposal of construction debris, old window blocks, window sills, ebbs, etc. As needed

Installation of plastic windows

Installation of plastic windows

It is clear to each client that a well-made product is only 50% of success, and if the product is incorrectly (poorly) installed (mounted), it will not be able to bring full satisfaction to the customer. Therefore, a lot of time is given to the control of installation teams at PMK Okna, both on the part of the managerial staff and on the part of the company's management. All installation teams of PMK Okna LLC are engaged in the installation of plastic and aluminum windows for over five years now. There are dozens of cases in the history of PMK Okna LLC when other companies refused to install pvc plastic windows due to the increased complexity of the facility in favor of our company. Installation of PVC plastic windows is a science studied by us by 99%. Installation of pvc plastic windows in our company is carried out strictly in compliance with all building codes and regulations in accordance with GOST.

Typical installation pvc plastic window in a panel house takes about 2 hours - including the dismantling of the old structure. Installing a plastic pvc window in brick house may require a little more time, but, as a rule, does not exceed 3 hours. The installation of pvc plastic windows by PMK Okna ensures many years of flawless operation of all mechanisms of the window structure without freezing, jamming and any other problems.

Direct installation of PVC plastic windows includes several stages:

preparatory work before installing pvc plastic windows

demolition of old structures

preparation of openings or places for the installation of PVC plastic windows

installation of plastic windows

window sill installation

tide installation

installation of slopes of plastic windows

1 - window box; 2 - foam insulation; 3 - sealing gasket; 4 - mounting dowel; 5 - window sill

- the design of the junction points (including the location of the window unit along the depth of the opening) should prevent the formation of cold bridges (thermal bridges), leading to the formation of condensate on internal surfaces window openings;

- the performance characteristics of the structures of the junction points (heat transfer resistance, sound insulation, air and water permeability) must meet the requirements established in building codes; the vapor barrier of the joints from the side of the premises should be denser than from the outside;

- the design of the junction points must ensure reliable drainage of rainwater and condensate to the outside. Penetration of moisture into wall structures and premises is not allowed;

- when choosing the filling of mounting gaps, operational temperature changes in the overall dimensions of the products should be taken into account.

- In order to increase the reliability of the thermal insulation of the mounting unit, it is recommended to use window blocks with a box width of at least 80 mm.

D.5 The following should be used as fasteners for mounting products:

- flexible anchors complete with screws and dowels;

- construction dowels;

- mounting screws;

— special mounting systems (eg with adjustable mounting feet).

Options for mounting fasteners are shown in Figure D.2 and are selected depending on the design of the wall.

Figure D.2 - Variants of mounting points

a - attachment point with a mounting dowel; b - fastening unit with a construction screw; c - attachment point using an anchor plate

- It is not allowed to use sealants, adhesives, foam insulation for fastening products, as well as construction nails.

D.6 Window blocks should be installed according to the level. The deviation from the vertical and horizontal of the sides of the boxes of mounted products should not exceed 1.5 mm per 1 m of length, but not more than 3 mm for the height of the product.

D.7 The distance between fasteners when mounting white products with profiles reinforced with steel inserts should not exceed 700 mm, in other cases - no more than 600 mm (Figure D.3).

Figure D.3 - Location of fasteners

D.8 To fill mounting gaps (seams), silicone sealants, pre-compressed PSUL sealing tapes (compression tapes), insulating polyurethane foam cords, foam heaters, mineral wool and other materials that have a hygienic conclusion and provide the required performance of the seams are used. Foam heaters should not have bitumen-containing additives and increase their volume after completion of installation work.

D.9 To transfer loads in the plane of the window (weight) of the product to building structure use bearing pads made of polymeric materials with a hardness of at least 80 units. Shore A or wood hard rock. To fix the position of the window block in the wall, spacers are used.

At multilayer structures walls, when the window block is installed in the insulation zone, the loads must be transferred to the load-bearing part of the wall.

Wooden wedges used for temporary fixation of products during installation must be removed before sealing the installation joints.

D.10 In the case of assembly blocking of window blocks between themselves or with balcony door blocks, the connection of products should be made through special connecting profiles, which may have reinforcing inserts to increase the strength characteristics of products. The connection must be tight, excluding blowing and penetration of moisture, compensating for the thermal expansion of products.

REQUIREMENTS Speaking about the correct installation, first of all it is necessary to say about the fastening of the window block. To withstand wind loads, the window unit must be securely fastened and, at the same time, the fasteners must not interfere with the thermal expansion of the profile. Anchor screw ties, self-tapping screws are used to fix the block, but their caps should not crush the profile, but only touch its surface. For boxes of aluminum alloys and white PVC profiles, the fixing points must be at least 700 mm apart, and for boxes made of colored PVC profiles - 600 mm. The distance from the inner corner of the window block box to the fastener should be 150-180, and the distance from the impost connection to the fastener 120.180 mm. At the same time, fasteners must be buried at least 40 mm into concrete and solid brick, 50 mm into blocks of porous natural stone, 60 mm into slot-like bricks and lightweight concrete, 100-120 mm into wood. For monolithic walls of these materials use the method of through fastening. But today, in mass panel multi-storey construction, the most common type of external walls are three-layer panels, in which the insulation is located in the middle part of the panel, just in the place where the window is installed. Through fastening in this case can be used if framed by a window opening under thin layer concrete there is a wooden board. If it is not there (and this option for framing a window opening is quite common), then screw ties or self-tapping screws deepened into the insulation perform only a decorative role, demonstrating their presence, in fact, the window block is held in this opening only “on foam”, although this the material, which is fragile when dried, is used when installing windows only as a heat-insulating sealant. In such walls, windows are installed using mounting plates, fixing one of their edges on the window box, and the other on the bearing part of the wall. Experts recommend paying special attention to the assembly seam, which consists of three layers: the outer one, which must be waterproof and vapor-permeable; central - heat-insulating; internal - vapor barrier. When presenting the most stringent requirements, the values performance characteristics mounting joints should look like this: - resistance to heat transfer - more than 3 m2 ° C / W; - air permeability at DP = 10 Pa - less than 0.1 m3 / (h x m); - water resistance limit - more than 600 Pa; — deformation stability — over 17%; - sound insulation - over 40 dBA. The materials used for the installation of assembly joints are divided according to the range of operating temperatures at which installation work is allowed, into materials of summer (from + 35 ° C to + 5 ° C) and winter versions (with operating temperatures below 4-5 ° C) . The outer layer materials must be resistant to prolonged weathering. The materials used for the device of various layers of the mounting seam must be compatible with each other, as well as with the materials of the wall opening, window box and fasteners. The durability of the materials (service life) used for the assembly joint device must be at least 20 conditional years of operation. The materials used in the construction of field joints must have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision. Materials for the installation of assembly joints must be stored in dry, heated, ventilated rooms in compliance with the storage conditions specified in normative documentation for these materials. The outer layer of the mounting joint must be waterproof against rain exposure at a given (calculated) pressure drop between the outer and inner surfaces of the mounting joint. For the device of the outer layer, it is recommended to use materials that have adhesion to the surface of window openings and boxes of window blocks. The peeling resistance (adhesion strength) of tape and film materials must be at least 0.3 kgf/cm2, and the adhesive strength of sealants must be at least 0.1 MPa (1 kgf/cm2). The materials of the outer layer must be resistant to operating temperatures in the range for conventional joints - from -35°С to +70°С. The insulating materials of the outer layer (not protected during operation from exposure to sunlight) must be resistant to UV irradiation (the total dose of irradiation of the front surfaces during testing is not less than 5 GJ/m2). The materials of the outer layer should not interfere with the removal of vaporous moisture from the central layer of the seam. The value of the coefficient of vapor permeability of the material of the outer layer is not less than 0.15 mg/(m x h x Pa). The use of vapor barrier materials as materials for the outer layer is not allowed, except when sealing materials are used in combination with a plaster mortar that provides the required vapor permeability of the outer layer. Central insulating layer must provide the required resistance to heat transfer of the assembly seam. The value of heat transfer resistance should be in the range of values ​​of this indicator for the wall and window structure, exceeding the value of heat transfer resistance of the window structure by at least two times. Filling the assembly seam thermal insulation materials should be continuous in cross section, without voids, gaps, cracks and overflows. Laminations, through gaps, cracks, as well as shells with largest size more than 10 mm are not allowed. The resistance to vapor permeability of the central layer of the assembly joint should be in the range of this indicator for the outer and inner layers. The adhesive strength of the adhesion of mounting foam insulation to the surfaces of window openings and boxes of window blocks must be at least 0.1 MPa (1 kgf / cm2). Water absorption of foam insulation of the central layer when fully immersed in 24 hours should not exceed 3% by weight. In necessary cases, to prevent moisture from the side of the wall opening from affecting the central insulating layer (in the plane of possible condensation formation), it is allowed to install a vapor barrier tape between the inner surface of the wall opening and the assembly joint. The vapor barrier materials of the inner layer of the mounting joint must have a vapor permeability coefficient of not more than 0.01 mg / (m x h x Pa) and peel resistance (adhesion strength) from the surfaces forming the mounting gap, not lower than 0.3 kgf / cm2. The design and materials of the inner layer must ensure reliable isolation of the materials of the central layer from the effects of water vapor from the premises. Vapor barrier materials along the inner contour of the mounting gap must be laid continuously, without gaps, gaps and non-glued areas. Special requirements are also imposed on the preparation of surfaces of the mounting gap. The edges and surfaces of the outer and inner slopes should not have gouges, shells, mortar sagging and other damage with a height (depth) of more than 10 mm. Defective places should be puttied with waterproof compounds. Voids in the wall opening (for example, cavities at the junctions of the facing and main layers of brickwork, at the junctions of lintels and masonry, as well as voids formed when boxes were removed when replacing windows) should be filled with inserts of rigid insulation or antiseptic wood. Oily surfaces should be degreased. Loose, crumbling areas of surfaces must be hardened (treated with binders or special film materials). Before installing insulating materials in the mounting seam, the surfaces of window openings and structures must be cleaned of dust and dirt, and in winter conditions- from snow, ice, hoarfrost with subsequent heating of the surface.

REHAU RECOMMENDATIONS Operating in Ukraine since 1997, the representative office of the REHAU company has already accumulated quite a lot of experience and an array of information about the main mistakes made during the installation of windows. To educate its partners, the representative office even opened this year a permanent training center called the REHAU Academy. Aleksey Bubnov, Leading Engineer of the Department of Applied Techniques of Window and Light-Transparent Technologies of the REHAU company, talks about the most common nuances, mistakes made by installers and ways to eliminate them.

— Alexey, what factors should be taken into account when determining the installation method? — As our experience shows, a number of factors must be taken into account during installation. First, before installing windows, it is necessary to check the ventilation of the premises. If it is weak or absent at all, then it is necessary to notify the consumer about this. You should also take into account the location of the premises in the building (for example, the apartment is corner or located in the middle of the building), the wind rose (whether the lee side of the building) and wind pressure, since the installation seam can also be blown through, the location of the building relative to the cardinal points (where the windows go, the duration insolation). In addition, it is necessary to take into account even the temperature of the coolant in the heating devices.

— Currently, modern windows are installed both in new buildings and in old ones. New buildings have, as a rule, a small thickness of enclosing structures, and those built, for example, 100 years ago, are quite decent by modern standards. In what part of the wall should the window be installed: in the middle, closer to the outer or inner edge? - In single-layer structures of large thickness, the window block should be installed in the center of the wall, at a distance of at least 1/3 from outer surface. If the window is placed deeper, then the air temperature in the window niche decreases, stagnant zones appear and, as a result, condensation occurs on the glazed surface. When installing a window in multilayer walls, it is advisable to place it as close as possible to the inside of the insulation. If the wall structure has facade thermal insulation, the window frame in this case should be adjacent to the insulation. The simplest option is the presence of a window quarter in the wall structure, with this option, the location of the window block does not cause difficulties. It is especially important to correctly position the window in cases where traditional Soviet-style wooden windows, which are 90 mm deep, are being replaced with modern 60 mm ones. But not so long ago, our company offered new version- 115th box, the use of which largely removes all of the above problems. A very significant point during installation is the centering of the window unit in the opening or the width of the installation seam. The width of the seam is determined by two factors: the coefficient of linear expansion of the plastic binding and the type of seam sealing material. All materials change their linear dimensions when the ambient temperature changes. To assess this phenomenon, an indicator such as the coefficient of linear expansion of materials is used. The higher the value of this parameter, the greater should be the gap between the window frame and the wall structure. The coefficient of linear expansion of plastic is much higher than that of wood. When the temperature changes, a window about 2 m wide can decrease or increase in size by 3-4 mm. Typically, polyurethane foam is used to seal the window block. In the process of vulcanization, it, reacting with the moisture contained in the air, expands and fills all the voids. However, in the dried state, it is less elastic and retains its porous structure only at a deformation of no more than 10%. This means that in order to compensate for temperature fluctuations of a standard 1.8 m wide window, the thickness of the foam filling must be at least 15-20 mm on each side. When using more elastic seals, the thickness of the seam may be less. However, in this case it is necessary to observe the principle of reasonable sufficiency. According to the recommendations of foam manufacturers, the maximum layer of foam should be no more than 3-4 cm, but in our country, as a rule, they do much more. Such redundancy threatens to cause voids and destruction of the foam layer, as a result of which the insulation does not perform the necessary functions.

— In what operations do installers make the maximum number of errors? - The weakest point in the installation of windows is the sealing of the seam between the new window block and the wall. When creating mounting joints, the main task is to take a 10-degree isotherm into the insulation zone and create a good vapor barrier from inside the room. Particular attention should be paid to the sealing material in the seam: it must have a certain elasticity. When dry, the foam, which is a finely porous structure, is a good heat insulator. However, polyurethane foam has an open-pore structure, and therefore it absorbs moisture quite well. But it is destroyed by ultraviolet solar radiation. Therefore, the seam filled with it must be carefully insulated. And not only outside from sunlight or precipitation, but also from the moisture contained in the warm indoor air. Otherwise, during the cold season, it will be absorbed by the foam insulation, and the thermal insulation of the seam will decrease. After a few years, a window with such a seam will lose much more heat. No wonder new interstate standard GOST 30971-2002, when installing windows, recommends being guided by the following principle of seam insulation: “It is denser from the inside than from the outside.” This paradoxical, at first glance, requirement is due to the fact that, no matter how dense the sealing of the seam is from the inside, moisture will still gradually penetrate inside and slowly migrate to outer surface. And if the seal is as dense on this side, then moisture will not come out of the seam, but will begin to accumulate in it. Therefore, on the inside of the window block on the slopes, it is necessary to arrange a continuous vapor barrier circuit so that the moisture inside the room does not get into the area where the window block adjoins the wall.

- What materials should be used when sealing the assembly seam? - At present, a fairly large number of materials are offered for these purposes. When finishing the mounting seam from the outside, it is enough to put a pre-compressed sealing tape (PSUL), and then either sew it up with siding or plaster it. But at the same time, it should be borne in mind that plaster is not a heat insulator, the mounting seam from the outside must be made ventilated, therefore, when using PSUL, perforation should be made. Silicone sealants are widely used, which have low vapor permeability and good waterproofing properties. However, this type of sealant has low adhesion to PVC and to the elastic roller made of non-combustible polypropylene foam used as a backing cord, therefore we recommend using Sazilast sealants, which have good adhesion to PVC. For exterior finishing work, hardening mastics are now also used, which have good adhesion to a large number materials, including plastics. They do not age under the influence of UV, have good durability, are easy to apply, they are applied with a spatula. To finish the slopes inside, we often recommend the use of a flashing that covers the installation seam from the inside of the room. The flashing is a plastic profile with co-extruded EPDM rubber, which is subsequently inserted under plaster with low vapor permeability, and then this assembly can be considered airtight. In this case, it is recommended to use plasters with latex fillers, which provide the necessary level of vapor permeability. Such plasters are currently offered by Knauf. In some cases, for example, when the building is old, made of good ceramic bricks, it makes no sense to make a vapor-tight plaster, since the existing vapor permeability of the walls is quite enough. For finishing slopes, plasters made according to the old, traditional recipes. Another mistake is very common - the use of drywall for finishing slopes as a heater and vapor barrier. One of the leading manufacturers of insulating materials for window mounting, the Ilbrook company, offers three types of tapes that are used in various places: under the window sill from the inside - one type of tape, under the window sill from the outside - another, on top, right and left - the third type of tape. This diversity is associated with different mechanisms of deformation of the assembly seam. The use of these tapes is primarily due to the fact that plastic is a rather inert material, adhesion to it is usually weak, so the plaster either does not stick or crumbles after some time.

— What are the climatic conditions of installation? - Mounting should be carried out at a temperature not lower than 5°C, since at more than low temperatures many materials change their properties, for example, adhesion decreases in silicone sealant. Many foams are not designed for use at low temperatures. There are, of course, the so-called winter foams, but they should be stored and transported only at positive temperatures, otherwise their use will be ineffective. Speaking of storage, it should be mentioned that butyl tapes must also be stored under acceptable conditions, as dust ingress will degrade the adhesive layer.

- Does the installation of windows with the full implementation of the technology increase the cost much? - As a rule, the cost increases slightly. According to the most rough calculations, full and detailed compliance with the technology of installation of window systems increases the integral cost by 10% of the cost of the window, which is approximately 100-150 UAH.

Snip for installation of pvc windows 2014-12-31T17:41:43+03:00 admin Construction must be, assembly seams, outer layer, window block, plastic windows

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THE GOVERNMENT OF MOSCOW

COMPLEX OF ARCHITECTURE, CONSTRUCTION,
DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CITY

TR 105-00

MOSCOW - 2000

These technical recommendations are guidelines for the development of installation instructions for window and balcony blocks made of PVC profiles installed in residential and public buildings in Moscow.

Technical recommendations were developed by State Unitary Enterprise "NIIMosstroy" (Ph.D. I.A. Rumyantseva - head of work, Ph.D. V.I. Snyatkov - responsible executor) with the participation of State Institution "Mosstroylicensiya" (Yu.P. Emelyanov ) according to the results of bench, production and field tests of window and balcony blocks in the construction of external walls both in factory and construction conditions, as well as on the basis of a generalization of the installation experience of domestic and leading foreign firms.

. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.2 . Requirements for the installation of products are established in the design documentation, taking into account the options for the junction nodes adopted in the project.

1.3 . Fastening and sealing of joints along the contour of window and balcony blocks must be carried out in accordance with the working drawings of the assembly units for adjoining structures, developed by the design organization and approved in the prescribed manner, and these Technical Recommendations.

1.4 . Installation of windows and balcony doors carried out by specialized firms and teams licensed to carry out work. Completion of installation work must be confirmed by an acceptance certificate, which includes the manufacturer's warranty obligations.

1.5 . At the request of the Consumer (Customer), the Manufacturer (Supplier) of the products must provide him with the Installation Instructions for the blocks, approved by the head of the manufacturer and containing:

Drawings of mounting junctions;

List of materials used (taking into account their compatibility and temperature conditions of use);

The sequence of technological operations for the installation of windows.

1.6 . When installing the blocks, the following requirements must be met:

The junction points and the location of the block along the depth of the opening should be chosen (based on thermal engineering calculations) so as to prevent the formation of cold bridges and condensation on the internal surfaces of wall openings and window blocks;

Sealing of mounting joints between window products and slopes of wall openings must be tight, airtight, air-, water- and vapor-tight;

Sealing joints from the side of the premises to protect the insulation from moisture and ensure its durability should be tighter than outside;

The design of the junction points must ensure reliable drainage of rainwater and condensate to the outside. Penetration of moisture into wall structures and rooms is not allowed.

2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR WINDOW AND BALCONY UNITS

The performance indicators of the blocks, taking into account their junction points (heat transfer resistance, air and water permeability, sound insulation) must meet the requirements established in the current SNiP II-3-79 *, MGSN-2.01-99, MGSN 2.04-97 and regulatory and technical documentation for products.

2.1 . Heat-shielding qualities

2.1.1 . In accordance with MGSN 2.01-99 “Energy saving in buildings. Standards for heat protection and heat and water supply” the level of heat-shielding qualities of translucent enclosing structures of buildings (window and balcony blocks) is determined by the value of the reduced resistance to heat transfer at a glazing coefficient of 0.7. The value of the required reduced resistance to heat transfer for windows and balcony doors used in Moscow construction for residential and public buildings is 0.54 m 2° C/W.

2.1.2 . The required heat transfer resistance of the blind part of the balcony blocks is 0.81 m 2° C/W, i.e. 1.5 times higher than the resistance to heat transfer of the translucent part of these products.

2.1.3 . The area of ​​blocks with reduced resistance to heat transfer is less than 0.56 m 2° C / W in relation to the total part of the translucent and opaque enclosing structures of the walls should be no more than 18%.

With translucent fences with reduced heat transfer resistance of at least 0.56 m 2° C/W glazing area is limited to 25%.

2.1.4 . The temperature of the inner surface of the structural elements of the blocks must be at least 3 °C at design temperature outside air minus 26 °C.

2.2 . Breathability.

In accordance with SNiP II-3-79* "Construction Heat Engineering", the required air permeability for blocks is no more than 5.0 kg/(m 2 h).

2.3. Soundproofing.

2.3.1 . Normalized sound insulation parameter according to MGSN 2.04-97 "Permissible levels of noise, vibration and sound insulation requirements in residential and public buildings" windows is R A transp. , dBA, which is the insulation of external noise produced by the flow of urban transport.

2.3.2 . For living rooms, hotel rooms, dormitories, offices and work rooms of administrative buildings with an area of ​​up to 25 m 2, hospital wards, doctors' offices, standard values R A transp at various levels noise at the facade of the building are given in Table. .

Table 2.1

Regulatory requirements for soundproofing windows

no.	Name of premises	Required values R A transp in dBA at equivalent sound levels at the front of the building in dBA at the most intensive traffic (during the daytime, rush hour)
	Chambers of hospitals, sanatoriums, offices medical institutions
	Living rooms of apartments in houses:
	Living rooms of hostels
	Hotel rooms:
	Residential premises of rest houses, boarding schools for the disabled
	Working rooms, offices in administrative buildings and offices:

2.3.3 For large areas (over 25 m2) and rooms with sound-absorbing linings (auditoriums, meeting rooms, conference rooms, etc.) regulatory requirements to the sound insulation of windows should be determined based on the expected sound levels at the facade and acceptable levels in this room, according to the formula:

R A transp \u003d L A adv. - L Avn. add. + 10 dBA,

where: L A adv. - sound level at the facade of the building, dBA;

L Avn. add. - permissible sound level in the room, dBA;

S about - window area (all windows in this room, oriented towards the noise source), m 2;

BUT -equivalent sound absorption area in the room (average in the range of 100 - 1000 Hz), m 2.

3. PLACEMENT OF WINDOW AND BALCONY BLOCKS IN EXTERNAL WALLS. FASTENING. CLEARANCE MAINTENANCE

3.1 . The placement of blocks in the outer walls along the depth of the opening depends on the following factors:

Structural solution of the wall (presence and location of the heat-insulating layer, thickness and type of wall materials used);

Availability, location and type of heating devices.

Taking into account these factors, on the basis of calculations of the temperature fields of the enclosing structure of the wall, the optimal location of the window is determined.

In the absence of heat engineering calculations, general recommendations should be followed.

3.1.1 . In single-layer wall structures, the blocks should be shifted to the center of the wall and placed at a distance of at least 1/3 of the wall thickness from the outer surface.

3.1.2 . In multilayer wall structures with the location of the insulation inside the wall, the blocks should be installed in the plane of the insulation with an offset to the inner surface.

3.1.3 . With external thermal insulation, the blocks should be adjacent to a quarter of the wall and external insulation. The presence of a gap between the outer heat-insulating layer and the block is unacceptable.

3.2 . To increase the temperature on the inner surface of the glazing, the heater should be placed under the window opening. It is advisable to use convectors located across the entire width of the window.

3.3 . Blocks must be installed in the opening of the outer wall using load-bearing and spacers.

Placement of spacers should be carried out taking into account the possibility of transferring the load from the block to the wall and ensuring compensation for temperature deformations. Examples of the placement of bearing and spacers in the window opening are shown in fig. .

3.4 . Gaskets can be made of polymeric materials or hardwood. The hardness of gaskets made of polymeric materials must be at least 80 units. by Shore.

3.5 . Wooden wedges used to temporarily fix the blocks during installation must be removed before sealing the joints.

3.6 . Fastening blocks in wall openings should be done using dowels, screws or mounting anchors. The assembly for mounting with a construction screw is shown in fig. .

Anchors and dowels are installed primarily near the locations of hinges and locking devices. It is not recommended to fasten the box in the area of ​​​​corners, as well as in the places where mullions are attached. Attachment points must be away from internal corners at a distance of at least 100 mm. The distance between fasteners when mounting white PVC blocks reinforced with steel inserts should not exceed 700 mm (Fig. ), and in blocks decorated or without reinforcement - no more than 600 mm.

3.7 . In multilayer external walls, the blocks must be fastened to the internal bearing layer.

3.8 . Fasteners must have an anti-corrosion coating.

3.9 . The insertion depth of dowels and screws into the wall must be at least 30 mm.

3.10 . Blocks should be installed according to the level and slope. The deviation from verticality and horizontality of the sides of the boxes of mounted blocks should not exceed 1.5 mm per 1 m of length, but not more than 3 mm.

3.11 . It is not allowed to use sealants, adhesives, polyurethane foam systems, as well as building nails for fastening blocks.

3.12 . When installing blocks between the box and the wall, it is necessary to arrange gaps. The width of the gaps should be set taking into account the possibility of compensating for temperature deformations and filling the joints with heat-insulating and sealing materials.

The minimum width of the mounting gap when using sprayed insulation compounds and tube sealant, as well as for a compression pre-compressed tape, depending on the width of the block and the type of joint, is presented in Table. .

Table 3.1

Minimum Gap Width

Joint type
With a window width, m
Minimum Gap Width with Sprayed Polyurethane Foam Systems and Tube Sealant
PVC hard (white)
PVC hard (decorated)
Minimum gap width when using pre-compressed sealing tape, mm
PVC hard (white)
PVC hard (decorated)

a) Hinged window

b) Tilt and turn window

a) Double sash window with faceplate P-PO

b) Double sash window with impost

Rice. 3.1 . Schemes for the placement of carrier and spacers when opening the window in one direction (a) and in two directions (b)

carrier pad

Remote laying

Rice. 3.2 . Mounting fastener assembly with a construction screw

Rice. 3.3 . Fastening intervals

4. SEALING JOINTS ON THE CONTOUR OF WINDOW AND BALCONY BLOCKS

4.1 . Materials used for sealing joints along the contour of blocks

4.1.1 . Insulation of joints along the contour of the blocks should be carried out with heat-insulating materials in accordance with the working drawings.

As heat-insulating materials, it is most expedient to use one-component polyurethane foam systems of the Vilan-405 type (TU 2254-204-21081385-95), as well as mounting foams: "Polymerflex" (TU 5768-001-13148788-97), "Macrofoam" (TU 2384-001-40135336-98), "Hikon" (TU 2254-001-51908379-99) and others, the release of which is organized on Moscow enterprises.

Other heat-insulating materials can also be used to insulate (seal) joints: mineral wool (with hydrophobization), polyurethane foam and polyethylene foam bundles (Vilaterm SP), etc., approved for use by the sanitary and epidemiological supervision authorities.

4.1.2 . One-component polyurethane foam systems are a liquid, viscous, reactive mixture that foams upon exiting the can and cures in air for 3 hours.

4.1.3 . Insulation of joints with one-component systems can be carried out in factory and construction conditions.

4.1.4 . When insulating joints in the factory, it is advisable to use Vilan-405, which is supplied in gas cylinders that differ from aerosol ones in a larger capacity. Delivery of "Vilan-405" is made mainly in five-liter cylinders ( GOST 15860 ), designed for a pressure of 1.6 MPa.

4.1.5 . When sealing joints in construction conditions, one-component polyurethane foam systems such as "Polymerflex", "Macrofoam", "Eco-standard", "Gulliver", "Hikon" are used in aerosol cans with a capacity of 0.5; 0.75; 1.0 l. Foam is supplied through a nozzle or through a mounting gun.

4.1.6 . Guarantee period storage of these systems is from 6 to 9 months. depending on the type of polyurethane foam used. In the future, there is an increase in the viscosity of the system, which makes it difficult to process. With longer storage, it may completely polymerize, which leads to the impossibility of using cylinders.

The warranty period for the use of cylinders is indicated in the regulatory and technical documentation for the system and on the label of the cylinder.

4.1.7 . One-component polyurethane foam systems are characterized by very high thermal insulation qualities, high adhesion to concrete, wood, metal, but low resistance to vapor permeation and insufficient resistance to atmospheric influences.

To protect the joint from moisture from the side of the room, a device is requiredadditional vapor barrier. As vapor barrier layers, it is possible to use polyurethane or polyethylene bundles with their deepening by 5 - 10mm, followed by the application of silicone sealant with a layer of about 5 mm or vapor barrier sealing tapes (PUL). It is possible to use reinforced foil or butyl rubber gasket as a vapor barrier layer.

Other options for ensuring the required resistance to vapor permeability are also acceptable, including the use of a PVC casing with a tight fit to the surface of the slope and the profile of the box.

Options for sealing the joint from the inside (from the side of the room) are shown in fig. .

From the outside of the joint, the heat-insulating material must be protected from atmospheric influences (rain, wind, ultraviolet radiation). For weather protection, the use of pre-compressed compression sleeves is recommended.self-expanding tapes (PSUL), silicone sealants (water or multifunctional) or non-hardening mastics such as Buteprol GOST 14791-79. These sealants are applied to the joint at a temperature not lower than +2 °C. In construction conditions at lower temperatures, thiokol mastic is used. Thiokol mastic differs from silicone sealant and Buteprol in greater vapor impermeability, therefore, it requires the most careful sealing of joints from the side of the room.

An example of a design solution for an interface unit with outer wall for the house of the KOPE series is shown in fig. .

Rice. 4.1 . Options for sealing window joints from the side of the room:

a) Vilaterm SP polyethylene bundle followed by sealing with silicone sealant

b) vapor barrier sealing tape (PUL):

1 - Vilaterm SP; 2 - silicone sealant; 3 - vapor barrier sealing tape; 4 - platband

4.2 . Joint insulation technology with one-component polyurethane foam systems

4.2.1 . Polyurethane foam systems are sprayed from gas or aerosol cans through a spray gun or adapter nozzle.

4.2.2 . Before starting work, the cylinders are shaken for 1 - 2 minutes. After the nozzle is installed in the joint, the balloon is turned over to the “bottom up” position and the balloon is opened.

4.2.3 . The first portions of the foam composition is applied for testing on the substrate. After making sure that the mass coming out of the nozzle is homogeneous and foams evenly, they begin to fill the joints.

Filling the joint with a polyurethane foam system is carried out after installing the block in the panel and fixing it from the inside of the panel.

4.2.4 . The nozzle, through which the liquid composition is supplied, is inserted into the joint to be sealed and, leading it at a uniform speed, the joint is filled. The speed of movement of the nozzle along the joint is selected by the operator.

The mixture foams, fills the joint and adheres to the surfaces forming the joint.

4.2.5 . AT summer period at an air temperature of 20 - 25 ° C, the joint is filled with at least 1/3 of its volume. With decreasing temperature, the degree of filling of the joint increases.

Rice. 4.2 . Connection unit for windows made of PVC profiles with external walls of a residential building of the KOPE series:

1 - platband 54 mm; 2 - Buteprol (thiokol mastic); 3 - "Vilan-405" (mounting foam); 4 - self-expanding tape 5 × 20 (Buteprol; thiokol mastic; silicone sealant - water, multifunctional); 5 - Vilaterm; 6 - silicone sealant; 7 - aluminum drain; 8 - window sill board; 9 - cement mortar M-200; 10 - wooden cork; 11 - self-tapping anodized screw with a diameter of 125 × 5; 12 - board or PVC installation profile = 15 - 20 mm; 13 - Buteprol

Note. When installing a board or an installation profile, you must use "Vilan-405".

Before installing the window sill, apply silicone

Foaming, polyurethane foam systems fill any, even minor gaps and dry within 1 - 3 hours. under the influence of atmospheric moisture.

The amount of joint filling largely depends on the type and quality of the original composite system, on the temperature of the room in which the system is applied, and on the outside air temperature. With long-term storage of cylinders and a decrease in the foaming ratio of the composition, it is possible to fill the joint by 3/4 of its volume.

4.2.6 . After the cavity is insulated, the joint on the inside is vapor-insulated and sealed. A platband is attached to the inside of the joint.

4.3 . Quality control of insulation of joints

4.3.1 . To ensure the required quality of insulation of joints, it is necessary to systematically carry out input control of the polyurethane foam system for all indicators presented in the regulatory and technical documentation. The applied systems require obligatory certification. Systems that do not have a certificate of conformity should not be accepted by the Customer.

4.3.2 . The quality control of the thermal insulation of the joints is carried out according to the following indicators: the degree of filling the joint with foam, its appearance and density, the absence of foam cuts on the inner and outer joint surfaces.

4.3.3 . The quality of filling the joint is checked at each site after spraying.

4.3.4 . The appearance of the joint filled with polyurethane foam is checked visually, paying attention to the possibility of the following defects in the foamed foam: lack of adhesion, the presence of sticky spots and shrinkage on the foam, foam runoff during spraying, the formation of soft and brittle foam, the presence of open porosity, the formation of a granular surface and cracks .

4.3.5 . Defects that violate the integrity of thermal insulation and reduce its quality must be eliminated. The foam is removed from the defective areas and the polyurethane foam system is sprayed again.

5. TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF INSTALLATION WORKS

Installation, fastening and insulation of windows in the outer walls should be carried out in the following sequence.

5.1 . Clear window slopes from mortar, plaster, construction debris.

5.2 . Align the block in the vertical and horizontal planes with support wedges.

5.3 . Install bearing and spacers.

5.4 . Fasten the box to the building structures: to the walls, to embedded wooden plugs or to concrete.

5.5 . Install window drains, while the top of the window drain sheet must be inserted into the bottom fold of the window frame, and side surfaces bent and inserted into the grooves of the side surfaces of the outer slopes.

5.6 . Apply a layer of Buteprol mastic with a thickness of not more than 5 mm or silicone sealant with a thickness of not more than 3 mm from the outside of the joint; at temperatures below +2 ° C - a layer of thiokol mastic with a thickness of not more than 3 mm.

When using PSUL tape (compression self-expanding tapes), it must be installed on the outside of the joint in a compressed state to a depth of at least 5 mm. Under construction conditions, it is allowed to apply a sealing layer after performing the operations according to clause 4.7.

5.7 . Fill (insulate) the joint along the contour of the block with a one-component polyurethane foam system.

5.8 . After insulation, install the window sill. To prevent moisture from leaking through the gaps between the window sill and the window frame, it is recommended to fill the space between the box and the window sill with silicone sealant, which is pressed when installing the window sill.

5.9 . From the inside (from the side of the room), to ensure high resistance to vapor permeation, seal the joints with a polyethylene sealing cord from Vilaterma SP and silicone sealant or install a vapor barrier sealing tape (PUL).

5.10 . Install platband.

6. BASIC SAFETY RULES

6.1 . When performing work on the installation of window and door blocks in the external enclosing structures of residential and public buildings, the requirements SNiP 12-03-99 “Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements”, “Fire safety rules for the production of construction and installation works”, approved by the GUPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR of December 26, 1996, these recommendations.

Blocks must have a Hygienic Conclusion of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, drawn up in the prescribed manner and confirming the possibility of their use in construction.

6.2 . The initial components of the single-component systems "Vilan-405", "Polymerflex", "Macrofoam", "Eco-standard", "Gulliver", "Hikon", etc., used to insulate window joints, are a viscous toxic flammable liquid. Under the influence of air moisture, a polymerization reaction occurs with the formation of a non-toxic polymer - polyurethane foam. When sealing joints, measures must be provided to ensure safe conditions labor, because these processes can be accompanied by air pollution due to the evaporation of toxic substances.

When carrying out work in the factory, the spraying of polyurethane foam compositions is carried out on finishing conveyors equipped with local exhaust ventilation, during the operation of which the content of harmful substances released into the air during the technological process is within the MPC.

6.3 . In the event of a fire, the flame must be extinguished with water, while using gas masks filtering the BKF brand or insulating ones, because. during combustion and decomposition of polyurethane foam, chlorine- and phosphorus-containing compounds, carbon monoxide, isocyanate vapors, hydrogen cyanide and other toxic substances are released.

6.4 . It is strictly forbidden to burn polyurethane foam waste, they are sent to reuse in construction.

6.5 . It is forbidden to open cylinders.

6.6 . Persons who have reached the age of 18, who have been instructed in safety precautions, who are familiar with sanitary requirements, as well as fire safety measures, are allowed to work on the installation of window and door blocks.

6.7 . All workers must be provided with cotton overalls, goggles and gloves.

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Installation of plastic windows in accordance with GOST and SNiP

Nowadays, many homeowners install plastic windows. The installation of windows from this material is due to several factors. Among them are such as, attractive appearance, ease of use, and finally, it is simply fashionable. However, not all manufacturers produce a quality product, and not all of them install their products in accordance with the technological regulations.

In order for plastic windows to serve for a long time and at the same time fulfill all the declared technical characteristics, several types of state standards (hereinafter referred to as GOST) have been developed for their production, as well as installation. The state standard for the production of plastic windows is a topic for a separate article, and we will now consider the issue -

In order to improve the quality of the work performed on the installation of plastic windows, several standards, norms and rules have been developed by government authorities:

• GOST 30971-2012
• GOST 52749-2007
• SNiP 23-02-2003

Compliance with these regulations guarantees long-term operation of the window without breakage. The main feature of installing window frame profiles in accordance with GOSTs and SNiPs is the quality of laying and processing of assembly seams. Technically correct sealing of assembly joints will reduce the energy consumption of the premises by up to 20-25%. Standards and rules regulate all stages of installation work on installing a window, guaranteeing the reliability of sealing, waterproofing and soundproofing of the profile joints with the wall.

Carrying out work on the installation of a plastic window in accordance with regulatory documents begins with processing window opening. The opening is measured, the condition of the wall as a whole is assessed, the technical condition of the ventilation and heating systems of the room in which the work is planned to be carried out.

The next step will be coordination with the competent authorities, as well as the authors architectural project building. However, coordination with the authors of the project is necessary under the condition that the existing dimensional indicators do not correspond to the technical documentation of the object. The company that installs the window is obliged to approve the installation instructions from the local office of architecture and urban planning.

GOST 30971-2012, Mounting seams for adjoining window blocks to wall openings

This standard is intended for use in the performance of work on filling the mounting gaps between the surface of the wall opening and the planes of the box of the window (door) block, as well as in the design of the junctions of window and door blocks.

This GOST regulates the processing of seams, the sequence of installation of steam, hydro and soundproof materials.

The materials used in the construction of construction joints must comply with the requirements of standards, specifications and the terms of supply contracts. The use of materials with an expired shelf life is allowed only if the results of repeated (additional) tests for their compliance with the established requirements are positive.

The materials used in the construction of assembly joints must have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion in accordance with the legislation of the state.

The materials used for the installation of assembly joints must have operating temperature applications in the range from minus 10 °С to plus 40 °С.

The mounting assembly must be designed so that the durability of the materials used for the assembly joints is at least 20 years.

The materials used for the device of various layers of the mounting seam must be compatible with each other, as well as with the materials of the wall opening, window frame and fasteners.

The possibility of using one or another combination of materials should be checked by calculating the humidity regime of the assembly joint, taking into account the operating conditions of the premises. The defining criteria in accordance with the current ND are:

• inadmissibility of moisture accumulation in the assembly seam for the annual period of operation;
• limiting the accumulation of moisture in the heat-insulating layer during the period of operation with negative average monthly outdoor temperatures.

When making installation joints with a vapor permeability of the outer waterproofing layer of less than 0.25 m2 h-Pa / mg and a vapor permeability of the inner vapor barrier layer of more than 2 m2 h-Pa / mg, checking the humidity regime according to A.1.6 is not required.

GOST R 52749-2007, Mounting window seams with vapor-permeable self-expanding tapes

This standard has been developed to ensure high-quality installation of translucent structures and external door blocks used in various buildings and structures in all climatic regions of the Russian Federation.

Mounting joints made in accordance with the requirements of this standard, building codes and regulations, provide the necessary water and air tightness, the required heat and sound insulation characteristics and the removal of diffusion and condensate moisture from the mounting gap over a given period of their operation.

This standard is intended for use by construction, construction and installation, repair, design and testing organizations that carry out their activities in the design, installation and testing of junctions and assembly joints using vapor-permeable self-expanding tapes.

To ensure long-term operation of the window block in aggressive climatic conditions, it is recommended to use a self-expanding tape made of an elastic polyurethane film impregnated with a mixture of modified acrylic (PSUL). This material does not conflict with the terms and conditions of this regulatory standard.

Material requirements

The materials used in the installation of field joints must comply with the requirements of the standards, the terms of the supply contracts and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

The range of operating temperatures for the use of materials for the installation of assembly joints is, as a rule, in the range from 5 ° C to 35 ° C. If it is necessary to use materials at lower temperatures, it is necessary to ensure that a set of technological measures is carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the material manufacturers.

The durability of materials (service life) used for the installation of a window seam must be at least 25 conditional years of operation.

The materials used for the device of various layers of the mounting seam must be compatible with each other, as well as with the materials of the wall opening and the window box.

The materials used in the construction of assembly joints must have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion from the sanitary and epidemiological authorities of the Russian Federation.

Materials for the installation of assembly joints should be stored in dry, heated, ventilated rooms in compliance with the storage conditions specified in the regulatory documentation for these materials.

Requirements for the preparation of mounting gap surfaces

The edges and surfaces of the openings should not have gouges, shells, mortar sagging and other damage with a height (depth) of more than 10 mm. Defective places should be puttied with waterproof compounds.

Voids in the slopes of wall openings (for example, cavities at the junctions of the facing and main layers of brickwork; at the junctions of lintels and masonry; chips formed when boxes were removed when replacing window blocks, etc.) can be filled with foam plastics.

Oily surfaces should be degreased. Loose, crumbling areas of surfaces must be strengthened, for example, treated with binders (primers) or mastics.

Before the installation of mounting joints, the surfaces of window openings and mounted structures must be cleaned of dust, dirt and oil stains, and in winter conditions - from snow, ice, frost, followed by surface heating.

Thermal protection of buildings SNiP 23-02-2003

Strict observance of the above-described GOSTs corresponds to the implementation of another regulatory standard SNiP 23-02-2003. This building standard regulates the parameters of the thermal protection of the building in which it is planned to install windows in accordance with GOST. The rule may not be mandatory, but its non-observance leads to insufficient thermal insulation of the room.

To ensure thermal protection of the premises in climatic conditions Far North and Siberia, it is necessary to install window blocks with 5-chamber profiles. For middle lane Profiles with 3 cameras are quite suitable for Russia and more southern latitudes. The manufacturer himself has the right to offer the use of certain types of profiles.

Requirements for the installation of windows in accordance with GOST:

• in anticipation of the installation work on the installation of a plastic window, the opening is cleaned of dirt, grease stains, snow, dust, ice;
• existing potholes, "shells", cement influxes are leveled;
• the window block is attached to the opening with frame anchor bolts or mounting plates;
• fasteners should be located at a distance of no more than 150 mm from the corners of the window frame and no more than 700 mm under each mullion, with a distance of no more than 150 mm from the center of the mullion;
• the fastening unit should not have cold bridges;
• it is mandatory to use special vapor-permeable tapes, for example, PSUL (self-expanding tape made of an elastic polyurethane film impregnated with a mixture of modified acrylic);
• the same modification is applicable to the use for vapor barrier of the inside of the mounting joint;
• it is necessary to install protection against exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the outside;
• horizontal and vertical deviation of the window unit should not exceed 1.5 mm per meter and not more than 3 mm for the entire length of the profile.

What are the consequences of deviating from the requirements of GOST

Any person is inclined to use the service at reduced prices. At the same time, it is worth noting that the contractor, in this case, the window manufacturer that performs the installation, is ready to offer this discount, but at your own expense.

A company can go against GOSTs and install a window according to a simplified scheme, in which the window block is simply glued to the mounting foam using clamping wedges. Such a procedure will significantly reduce the company's costs for the purchase of building materials, and you, as a consumer, will not bring anything but a headache.

Before starting installation work, it is necessary to completely free the window opening and the space next to it:

• remove everything from the windowsill,
• take down the curtains
• free the approach to the window by moving the furniture at least 1.5 meters from the window.

Protect the room from dust and dirt by covering the floor and furniture with cloth or thick oilcloth.

For ease of installation, connect the 220V power supply through an extension cord, prepare garbage bags.

Dismantling the old frame

After the room is ready for the appearance of dust and debris, they begin to dismantle the old window frame.

The shutters are removed from the window. Remove window frames. If necessary, dismantle (knock down) slopes.

The old window frame is dismantled, and, as a rule, it is seriously damaged. If you wish to use old windows, for example in a country house, you should specify the option of keeping the old windows when ordering.

The old ebb, the old window sill is being dismantled.

PVC window installation

The sashes are removed from the plastic window, the double-glazed window is removed. A window frame is inserted into the prepared opening and fixed to anchor bolts or mounting plates. At the same time, it should be strictly observed that the frame is level, and not along the opening (in houses there are often cases when the horizon line of the window opening is far from ideal, the frame should also be set vertically to the level). Otherwise, the window will not function properly.

The gaps between the wall and the frame are foamed with mounting foam. The foam performs both an insulating function and is a fastener. The quality of this stage of installation largely depends overall result. The foam must be applied evenly and fill all the recesses and cavities of the opening, and it is necessary to take into account the degree of expansion of the foam.

Installing a plastic window in most cases implies that, along with a new window, new window sill and a new tide. An exception is the case when repairs are being carried out in the apartment (house, room) and the window sill can be installed on its own.

If the mounted window opens onto a balcony (as in this case), then it is quite expedient and functional to install a window sill instead of a low tide (on the outside of the window).

If you have a good old tide, then you can save it for a new window, but in this case it will require restoration (restoration) - a paid service, the cost of which differs slightly from the cost of a new tide.

The window sill is cut out under the opening and attached to the window (to the stand profile). If the opening under the window sill is small, then it foams. Otherwise, laying or sealing the opening with mortar is necessary. When installing a window sill (window sill), it is controlled that it has a slope from the window within 5 degrees, and the overhang inner surface walls no more than 60 mm.

When installing a window sill, it should be taken into account that its edges go beyond the finishing of the inner slope to a depth of at least 15-20 mm.

Advice: when choosing the width (depth) of the window sill, it should be borne in mind that the window sill is "recessed" by 2 cm under window frame, so the width of the installed window sill will be 2 cm less)

All gaps between the window and the opening are filled with foam, and when it dries, they are isolated. The outer layer of insulation is designed to protect the insulation layer (which is the foam layer) from the penetration of moisture into it, as well as from the damaging effects of the sun.

So, the main part of the work is finished. However, there are not enough slopes for finishing the opening (which are both a decorative addition under which you can hide the mounting foam, and a functional element - increasing the thermal insulation and sound insulation of the window opening). Plastic slopes will give the window a finished look, besides, this is the best combination with plastic windows.

Installation of plastic slopes

Plastic slopes are installed on the same day with a window for panel and block houses and on the second day for Stalinist houses.

As slopes, either a Belgian sandwich panel (in the image) or German VEKA plastic slopes with removable casings is used.

The differences between the various plastic slopes are not significant, but you should be aware of them.

The Belgian sandwich panel can be installed at dawn (not at right angles to the window), which visually enlarges the window opening. Choice plastic slopes VEKA is justified for more accurate wallpapering with already installed slopes. Thanks to the removable casing, the edges of the wallpaper will be neatly hidden under it.

Advice: if you have a repair in your apartment, then it is better to install the architraves on the slopes from the Belgian sandwich panel after gluing the wallpaper yourself - it will turn out neater and prettier).

Installing window accessories

At the final stage, a double-glazed window is installed in the window frame and the sashes are hung. Installation in progress additional accessories, fastening of additional elements of fittings and components, such as: step ventilator, clamp, mosquito net, blinds, etc.

The window is ready. Upon completion of all work, an act of acceptance and delivery of work is signed. In it, if necessary, the customer indicates his comments on the work performed, if any.

Almost immediately after completing all the work, the PVC window can be used. The exception is windows with large opening sashes, which are not recommended to be opened within 24 hours after installing the PVC window.

Plastic window functionality is much better than old wooden windows. If you follow the simple instructions for its care and operation, it will serve you forever.

Advice: do not forget to remove the protective film from the installed window. The adhesive base of the protective film loses its properties with prolonged exposure to heat and can spoil the aesthetic appearance of the plastic profile. On the image: protective film removed only from the window frame, the film on the window sash has not been removed.

General requirements for installation according to GOST

GOST 30971-2002 “Mounting seams for adjoining window blocks to wall openings. General specifications» was put into effect by the order of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation from 01.03.2003.

Due to the need to adjust the project documentation for design and construction organizations, the transition period for the development of GOST is set until 01.07.2003. The republics of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova and Uzbekistan joined the Russian norms.

What's new? The new norms bring a significant formalization of window installation and require numerous documents. Among them, it should be noted the need for each installation company to have “Windows installation instructions” approved by local authorities, the need to develop window installation assemblies for each facility under construction and coordinate the assemblies with the customer, it is recommended to analyze thermal fields, and it is also provided for the execution of delivery certificates - acceptance of window openings before installation, acts of hidden work and acts of acceptance of the completed installation of windows.

Of particular interest in the norms are the Applications:

• Annex A (recommended) is drawings with examples of window installation;
• Annex B (recommended) puts forward requirements for fastening windows in openings;
• Annex B (mandatory) represents the actual requirements for the installation of windows as a whole and, in fact, is the main working document;
• Annex D (recommended) describes the requirements for the method for calculating thermal fields (analysis of isotherms).

In general, Russian installation standards bring us closer to the standards adopted in Europe, and, in particular, in Germany.

GOST requires a large number of formalities from window companies and has more requirements for testing joint designs and materials used for them.

Formalization is justified by the fight against Russian negligence.

Testing of materials and seams as a whole is justified by the fact that until now in Russia there were no detailed standards for installation at all, there is no accumulated scientific experience in determining the properties mounting materials and seam quality. Of course, there is no need for the consumer to know all the provisions of this GOST, this is the responsibility of professionals.

Without delving into the subtleties, we can talk about three basic principles for installing windows, which you need to pay close attention to.

Three layers of seam seal

The content of the main part of the norms is devoted to the rules for filling the mounting gap between window blocks and openings according to the principle “tighter from the inside than from the outside”. Each mounting unit must have three layers of sealing: outside - protection from climatic influences, in the middle - insulation, inside - vapor barrier. You can use different materials for the outer layers and different mounting foams, but, in one or another design, these three termination planes must be present.

The outer layer is designed to protect the insulation layer from the penetration of moisture into it, and must have vapor permeability so that the insulation can be ventilated through it. That is, the outer layer must be waterproof and vapor-permeable.

These requirements are due to the fact that when moisture penetrates into the insulation, its thermal insulation qualities fall. The best way modern requirements for the outer layer correspond to PSUL (pre-compressed sealing tapes). These are special mounting tapes that are glued to the window frame before it is installed in the opening, and then, expanding, they fill all the gaps in the quarter in the opening.

With serious advantages: optimal building physics and technological simplicity, they also have disadvantages. It is convenient to use these tapes in new construction, when the opening has a good geometry. But when replacing windows in old houses, when the slopes are uneven, and even more so, plaster, their use is difficult. Another drawback is that plaster does not fall on PSUL.

In a limited form, it is possible to use silicone on the outside. In this case, certain rules should be observed: the thickness of the silicone layer should be half the width of the joint being filled, and the silicone should be glued only on both sides and work in tension, the rest of its sides should remain free.

Sealant can be used when insulating a mounting seam. Although it is not clearly spelled out in GOST, there is also no ban on its use, no matter how much supporters of mounting tapes would like. An example of the use of silicone outside and inside the room is shown on node A.14 in GOST 30971-2002. It is unacceptable, of course, as you can sometimes observe on objects, just anointing with silicone over the foam - this is an imitation of the protection of the seam, but not the protection itself.

The central layer is heat-insulating. Currently, polyurethane foams are used for its execution. It is best to use foams designed specifically for installing windows. Such foams evenly fill the seam and do not need to be trimmed after hardening. Other foams, after installation, hang in shreds from the side of the room, and they are cut off, breaking the protective outer crust. The inner layer is vapor barrier. Its function is to protect the insulation (foam) from the penetration of moisture vapor into it from the side of the room. For these purposes, when plastering slopes, vapor barrier tapes are used, mainly based on butyl, as well as paint vapor barriers for moisture-resistant drywall. It is possible to use silicone according to the rules mentioned above.

No cold bridges

A mounting seam is a node where wall and window structures are docked, which have completely different properties, including in terms of heat engineering. And it is important to execute the nodes in such a way that there are no cold bridges on the window slopes.

Basically, the problem of cold bridges is the problem of single-layer wall structures that were used in houses of the past (solid brick, expanded clay concrete, etc.). In this case, the weak zone is the wall itself around the window frame due to its low resistance to heat transfer. An area with a surface temperature below the dew point appears on the slope. In this area, firstly, high heat losses occur, and secondly, condensate falls on it. If moisture condensation on the slope occurs frequently, then fungus (mold) may subsequently form in these places. The same applies to openings without quarters. In their absence, the danger of cold bridges seriously increases, and here one should carefully consider the heat engineering of the junction points.

Important recommendation- in the absence of quarters, use window frames with a width of at least 130 mm. With a narrow window frame, high-quality sealing of the seam is difficult and there is a high probability of cold bridges. The options given in GOST with false quarters from the corners or from the platband are possible only if there is external plaster, and still remain problematic from the point of view of heat engineering.

When present in the wall effective insulation(mineral wool or non-combustible polystyrene foam) the window should either be in the plane of the insulation, or behind a quarter of the insulation. In walls where aerated concrete is combined with external cladding and brick quarters, as a rule, cold bridges also do not occur due to the good thermal properties of aerated concrete.

Fastening the window block in the opening

The specificity of plastic windows is that they have significant thermal linear expansion. That is, when the windows are heated sunbeams the bars of the box and sashes increase in size. As calculated values ​​of thermal expansion for white windows, 1.5 mm per 1 linear meter should be used, for colored windows - 2.5 mm per 1 running meter (the difference in thermal expansion is due to the fact that white window profiles heat up much less than colored).

In accordance with this factor, the window is fastened to the wall. The corners of plastic windows must remain free, the outer fasteners are placed at a distance of 150 mm from the inner corners of the frames. The remaining fasteners are placed around the entire perimeter with a pitch for white profiles of no more than 70 cm, for colored profiles no more than 60 cm. Fasteners are also placed near imposts at a distance of 150 mm from the corner. The gap between the box and the wall must be at least 15 mm. This is due both to the thermal expansion of the windows and to the fact that it is very difficult to evenly fill a thinner seam with foam insulation.

Bearing pads are placed under the lower corners of the box and under the imposts. The blocks are also placed from the sides as follows: if you look at the window from the inside, then with one rotary sash, the blocks are placed on the opposite side of the hinges at the top and on the same side as the hinges below. With two wings, four blocks are placed, respectively.

Schematic diagrams of the junctions of window frames to the walls

1 - window sill;
2 - foam insulation;
3 - vapor barrier tape;
4 - flexible anchor plate;
5 - support block under the window sill;
6 - plaster mortar;
7 - dowel with a locking screw;
8 - an insert made of antiseptic lumber or a leveling layer of plaster mortar (recommended only for the lower node);
9 - waterproof vapor-permeable tape;
10 - noise-absorbing gasket;
11 - drain;
12 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape (PSUL);
13 - sealant with a thin layer

1 - foam insulation;
2 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape (PSUL) or vapor-permeable mastic;
3 - frame dowel;
4 - sealant;
5 - vapor barrier tape;
6 - panel for finishing the inner slope;
7 - plaster leveling layer of the inner slope.

Thermal gaps must be taken into account especially carefully when designing large-sized glazing elements: when making bay windows, shop windows, glazing for the entire floor height. These are the three main principles when installing modern windows, although, of course, there are many nuances and subtleties that depend on various designs walls and from the materials used for sealing the seam. And - as we said at the beginning of the article - the human factor is very important - the responsible and high-quality work of the installers.

When can windows be installed?

With the entry into force of Moscow law No. 42 "On silence", disturbing the peace of neighbors is an administrative violation. Carefully read our noisy work instructions in order to comply with the requirements in force in Moscow and the Moscow region in various buildings.

How much does it cost to install windows according to GOST

The cost consists of two components: the cost of work (hours) and materials.

The mounting seam will comply with GOST for the installation of windows, using both expensive and economical materials. The use of one or another will affect the phasing (duration) of work and the final cost of installing windows.

Video instruction for the installation of plastic windows