How to protect wood from UV rays. Methods for applying means to protect wood from decay. Protecting wood from UV rays with oil

Such popularity is explained by the environmental friendliness of the material and its beautiful appearance, but, alas, the tree has many enemies - it is afraid of fire, moisture, insects, temperature changes and sun rays. Previously, wood was protected with compounds based on salt and vinegar - today, the industry allows the production of more effective products that give the tree durability and resistance to negative factors external environment. There are so many of these compounds that it becomes difficult to choose the right means to protect wood from decay, fire and other influences. Let's look at the main aspects of a competent purchase.

No. 1. From what and in what cases to protect wood?

Wood protection products are directed against various negative impacts, and the choice depends on the conditions under which the material will be used. The main enemies of wood are:

• moisture(fog, rain, high humidity indoors). A tree is characterized by the ability to absorb moisture and swell with its high content in the environment and, conversely, dry out in dry times. Such fluctuations in volume lead, at a minimum, to cracks, and when building a building made of wood, the entire structure can be seriously damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to treat wood with products that reduce moisture absorption, but do not affect the ability to "breathe";
• mold, fungus, mosses and insects often affect wood at high humidity and limited access air. Rotting, the appearance of moss, the spread of bark beetles, termites, woodworms and other pests affects not only appearance wood, but also on its structure;
• the fire. Wood is flammable and burns quickly. So far there are no means that would be 100% protected from fire, but there are substances that affect the structure and increase the time of non-flammability;
• UV rays with prolonged and intense exposure, they destroy wood, most of all affecting lignin, a substance that provides rigidity and hardness.

To increase resistance to all these factors, there are a number of specific means - a complex composition does not yet exist, so if wood needs to be protected, for example, from both moisture and fire, the use of several means will be required.

No. 2. General principles for the selection of wood preservatives

Regardless of which factor the remedy is aimed at, when choosing, pay attention to such nuances:

• coating service life. The protective agent can last on the surface for about 2-5 years, and if the manufacturer indicates such figures on the packaging, then he probably does not lie, but the durability of 20-40 years should be treated with caution. Most likely, this is just a marketing ploy, and in small letters in an inconspicuous place on the package it will be indicated that such a period of protection is possible only when applied using the method deep impregnation(this is an industrial technique) or subject to the washing out of the composition, which is impossible to achieve;
• composition consumption. Often, cheap products are unpleasantly surprised by the increased consumption of the composition, which is why all their profitability is reduced to nothing, so when buying, you should pay attention to the numbers indicated by the manufacturers. The average consumption of bioprotective agents is 200-250 g/m 2 , but by no means 500-600 g/m 2 , which can be seen on the packages of some inexpensive formulations. Such a large consumption is characteristic only of flame retardants;
  
• manufacturer's name. High-quality protective equipment can only be made on high-tech production lines that large enterprises with a well-known name can afford. For the sake of your peace of mind and guarantee of results, it is better to overpay a little;
• versatility. Some companies offer complex products that supposedly protect wood from both fire and decay, and the active ingredients, according to manufacturers, only enhance each other's effect. Experts, on the other hand, argue that even substances that can be in the same solution sometimes not only do not enhance each other's action, but also reduce protection;
• composition and certificate of conformity. The composition of protective equipment includes a lot of substances, each of which has its own role, but attention should be paid to the basis of the drug - it can be organic and inorganic substances. inorganic substances, which include sodium and potassium dichromates, chloride, chromium and fluorine-containing compounds, copper and zinc salts, adversely affect humans, metals and wood color, and therefore are prohibited for use in Europe. Organic-based products are more effective and avoid negative health effects. Any protective agent must have a certificate of conformity confirming its safety.
  

No. 3. Wood protection methods

To ensure the longest possible preservation of wood, a set of measures is used. This is Constructive decisions, consisting in the correct placement and layout, as well as regular monitoring of the condition of the wood and directly the means for protecting the wood themselves.

Protective equipment can be applied in the following main ways:

No. 4. Means for protecting wood from moisture

Increased humidity level main enemy wood, as it not only worsens the performance, but also causes the appearance of fungus. Moisture protection treatment begins with the harvesting of wood, and proper drying is of great importance. Even well-dried material will begin to absorb moisture over time, but in this parameter different types of wood differ considerably. , ash, pine, oak are more resistant to moisture, spruce, fir and beech are moderately resistant, and maple, birch and hornbeam are the most vulnerable. A number of tropical trees (Kumaru, Kusia, Ipe, Sisal) are practically not afraid of moisture and need only minimal protection.

The most important indicator of wood - intracellular moisture. For construction, you can use a material with an indicator of 5-20%, and for the device roof structures and interior decoration wood with a moisture content of 9-15% is suitable, and for exterior cladding - 12-18%.

To reduce the ability of wood to absorb moisture from the environment, i.e. to reduce its hygroscopicity, use , oil impregnations and pastes, which are divided into two groups:

• compositions that form a film on the surface, do not differ in sufficient durability, so you will have to repeat the treatment quite often;
• penetrating compounds more durable and able to get into the pores of wood, are used to process fences, house walls,.

As a rule, water repellents do not change the color of the wood, and their effect is that water drops simply roll off the surface without penetrating into the structure. A number of such funds also have a frost-resistant effect.

No. 5. Means for protecting wood from decay, mold and insects

Constant high humidity, temperature fluctuations and intense exposure to sunlight make wood vulnerable to microorganisms and insects. As antiseptics are used to prevent mold- means that prevent, but do not kill bacteria. Already during the harvesting of wood, it is covered with antiseptics, re-treatment is carried out after installation and cleaning of the wood. Antiseptics are produced in the form of liquids and pastes, they also reliably protect against insect damage. There is primer type antiseptics, which are used under, but their penetration and service life are short. Antiseptics can be tinted, and experts say that in this way it is much easier to achieve uniform coloring of the walls than when using tinted varnish.

If there are already traces of rot on the wood, then treatment is necessary before using an antiseptic. fungicides- substances that kill fungal and mold spores. The basis in fungicidal solutions can be:

If traces of insects are found on the wood, treatment should be carried out. insecticidal impregnations which are issued:

• on the water based. They are mainly used for the annual protection of wood during transportation and storage;
• alkyd-based - these are more stable products that are suitable not only as therapeutic drugs, but also as prevention.

Regular monitoring of the state of wood for the smell of rot, the presence of white thin or bluish and brownish films will prevent rotting in time.

Sometimes you may need wood bleaching products and elimination of bluish, greenish and black spots. Such substances are applied with a brush to damaged areas, and after a few hours it returns. original color.

When buying antiseptic formulations, please note that different breeds absorb compounds with different intensity. So, birch and beech have high absorbency, cedar, larch, oak, linden, hornbeam - medium, and spruce and fir - low. In addition, for various purposes, they use completely different formulations. If, during transportation, wood needs only preventive treatment, then during the construction of the truss system, it is necessary to use hard-to-wash products that often stain the wood in brownish and grayish shades, reducing it. decorative qualities and therefore not suitable for such applications.

No. 6. Means for protecting wood from fire

When exposed to fire, wood sooner or later ignites, however, large ones resist fire much longer than boards, since a charred layer forms on their surface, which slowly smolders. Any chips and cracks increase vulnerability to flames. Flame retardants are used to protect wood from fire., which are able to delay the ignition and spread of fire.

Flame retardants are available in the following forms:

• liquid formulations: varnishes, impregnations, enamels and;
• solid formulations: fillings and coatings.

Previously, flame retardants were widely produced in solid form, today the market offers mainly ready-made liquid solutions or concentrates. This form of release allows you to use the product more efficiently and at the same time increase safety, because when working with powders, toxic dust is inevitable in the body, and additional equipment is required, which complicates the processing process.

Flame retardants according to the principle of action are divided into:

The highest quality protection will be applied in an industrial environment, but you can also carry out such processing yourself with a brush, roller or aerosol. Processing wood with a moisture content of more than 15% is not recommended. For well-dried wood, compounds based on organic polymers are suitable, and for non-wood with a moisture content of 10-15%, it is better to use water-soluble flame retardants to guarantee. small wooden elements can be dipped into the solution and left there for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.

By efficiency, all flame retardants are divided into groups:

• G1 - means, thanks to which the wood after a two-minute exposure to the flame gas burner loses up to 9% of the mass;
• G2 - products with weight loss up to 25%;
• G3 - means that do not provide adequate protection for the tree.

No. 7. Means for protecting wood from ultraviolet radiation

Under permanent action sunlight, the wood begins to darken and collapse, so if such an effect on the material is inevitable, Negative consequences must be prevented. Usually, special additives to prevent the harmful effects of sunlight, they are part of water-repellent impregnations and bioprotective agents, varnishes and paints, as evidenced by the corresponding inscription on the package.

To ensure maximum safety of wood, it is treated with protective agents in the following sequence:

No. 9. Wood preservative manufacturers

Store shelves are filled with various wood preservatives, but not all of them are equally effective. When choosing, you should pay attention to the instructions on the packaging, incl. take into account the influence of the product on the color of the wood, its corrosiveness and odor, as well as take into account the name of the manufacturer, which becomes a guarantee of quality. Among the abundance of funds, it is worth highlighting the products of such companies:

• Pinotex is an Estonian manufacturer of wood preservatives. Its products have gained immense popularity in the domestic market. It produces compositions for protecting wood inside and outside the house: primers, impregnations, paints and antiseptics. Antiseptics, tinted antiseptics, as well as antiseptics with an ultraviolet filter have proven themselves well. The company's protective products, designed for use on terraces and outdoor areas, are named among the best;
  
• Tikkurila- a concern with a 150-year history, whose factories are located in several countries. The name of this manufacturer is a guarantee of product quality, as all stages of production are carefully monitored here. tree protection products great amount, marketed under the brand name Valtti;
• Belinka Belles is a Slovenian manufacturer that is rapidly gaining recognition among domestic buyers. It produces a wide range of protective equipment, incl. antiseptic primers, indelible antiseptic, special protective agent for saunas and a unique hybrid coating;
  
• "Senezh" is a domestic company that produces full complex means for protecting wood from any negative influences. It produces tinting antiseptics with a UV filter, antiseptics for and saunas (these products, by the way, are considered one of the best of their kind), preservative antiseptics, fire-bioprotective agents, wood bleaching agents;
• - a brand of protective equipment from the company "Expertekologiya-Neohim". The domestic manufacturer relies on the production of concentrated preparations, which reduces their cost. Antiseptics for protecting wood in a humid environment and soil, antiseptics with UV protection, wood bleaching agents, fire protection, as well as substances for treating saunas and baths are popular.
  

In addition, protective equipment from the Belarusian company performed well. Sadolin, German Dufa, English Dulux, domestic companies Rogneda» ( trademark"Aquatex") and " tree healer».

There is a mass folk remedies to protect wood from decay and pests, but for best results it is better to give preference to professional preparations and apply them according to the instructions.

Under the influence of sunlight, untreated wood burns out and acquires gray shade, as a result of which the buildings look dilapidated after a few years of operation.

But it is necessary to process wooden walls not only because of aesthetic considerations. Impregnations prevent cracking and deformation of the material due to sunlight, moisture and temperature fluctuations, and also protect the tree from pollution - in other words, extend its service life.

The composition of the tree includes lignin - a substance responsible for color and strength. If the surface of the wood is not treated with special means, the lignin breaks down under the action of ultraviolet rays and the wood loses its color. It first brightens, then turns gray. This process is called wood burning. In addition, the tree cracks due to the decay of lignin. Its surface becomes more fragile, rough, porous, absorbs moisture faster. With further exposure to ultraviolet light, the fungus will spread over the surface. All these factors can be easily prevented with the help of competent surface treatment.

Types of protective compounds

Protective compositions for wood processing differ in purpose:

• Priming, or basic, provide comprehensive protection and improve the penetration into the wood structure of finishing coatings.
• Finishing provide immediate UV protection. They also enhance the basic protection and perform a decorative function: they give the wood the desired shade or shine.

Depending on the purpose, there are means for initial protection and medical ones, which are used for surfaces already affected by weathering.

Exterior treatments should not be used indoors as they may have bad smell or toxic substances in the composition.

Oil is the main assistant in tree protection

Finishes include:

• Paints
• Oils

Varnishes and paints are more familiar than oils, but they have a number of disadvantages:

• The protective film formed on the surface after their application does not allow the tree to breathe. Moisture passes through the small pores of the protective layer, accumulates under the coating and opens it, as a result, the tree in these areas remains unprotected.
• Updating a surface covered with paint or varnish is a very laborious and lengthy process. old surface it is necessary to clean from the previous layer, sand and only then apply a fresh layer.

Oil is more suitable for outdoor use. Wood protection method natural oils known since ancient times.

Oils fit well on any type of wood, effectively protect the surface from atmospheric influences. Unlike paints and varnishes, oil penetrates deep into the structure of the wood, leaving the surface breathable. It does not create a film on the surface of the wood, so it does not crack over time and does not lose its visual appeal. It will be easier to update the walls of a house, gazebo or terrace than with varnish and paint. The surface will only have to be cleaned of dirt and oiled again.

Oil will help give the wooden structure a special look. Such a surface is pleasant to the touch, silky and looks natural. Currently, the color range of tinting oils, that is, giving the tree the desired shade, is diverse. Colorless, cherry, pine, rosewood, white, oak, basalt, green - you will have to think carefully about the choice of color. Therefore, oil is also used for decoration. wooden surfaces. If tinting oil is used as a top coat, it will wash out much more slowly.

On the sunny side after a while, the wooden surface may change color - fade. This will not affect the strength and quality of the tree itself, and the color will be restored after additional processing the same material.

Protecting wood from UV rays with oil

On the modern market special oils are presented that protect the surface from ultraviolet radiation.

Protective oil is included in the DECKEN product line for the protection of wooden structures from sunlight DECKEN UV Fasad Oil. It contains components that block ultraviolet rays and do not let them through to the surface.

The coating can be used on all vertical wood surfaces including fences, doors, windows, garden furniture. It leaves the pores of the wood open, allowing it to breathe, and also makes it water and dirt repellent.

The latest developments of scientists in the fight against wood pests are associated with the introduction into the affected areas of the so-called beneficial insects- entomophages. The principle of such protection is that such a "green landing" in the process of its growth eats a harmful insect without causing damage to the tree itself. So, to combat the bark beetle-typographer, such an entomophage as the anteater is used. One such representative in his life is able to destroy about 10-20 insects and practically exterminate the population of harmful insects in the territory entrusted to him.

Wooden house protective equipment

However, although this method of protection is cheaper and more environmentally friendly than the use of special preparations, it will take at least six months to wait for its results. Therefore, it makes sense for a zealous owner to use one of the special prophylactic, both against insects, and for protection against ultraviolet rays by impregnation Neomid.

Initially, this product was developed for use in industrial areas, but having received high praise from experts and proving its effectiveness and safety since 2005, it has become available to a wide range of consumers.

Advantages of means of protection and prevention of Neomid

Neomid products are favorably distinguished by both an extensive range of protection products and the availability of a modern research base that allows you to control the quality of drugs. In addition, it is worth adding to the advantages of the brand such indicators as:

• Affordability along with high quality for a wide range of the population.
• The products have passed not only the test of time, but also received the approval of experts.
• The product is available both in the form of a ready-to-use mixture and in a concentrated form, which makes it possible to store it compactly indoors without taking up extra space.
• Attractive and comfortable, modern packaging.
• The drugs are presented as means comprehensive protection from different types biodefeat, and flame retardant mixtures.

Preserves the appearance of Neomid impregnation

Despite the fact that Neomid impregnators are primarily intended for the initial treatment of wood, their use for restoring color and protecting against ultraviolet radiation is also very effective. So, the Neomid Biocolor Classic brand is perfect for this, which has a deep penetrating effect and helps prevent tarnishing of the natural color of the wood. Its translucent - glazing composition not only protects the surface, but also emphasizes the wood structure, forming a semi-matt protective layer.

Application of Neomid impregnation on the surface

To apply the composition, it is necessary to prepare the surface to be treated in a certain way. Clean it from dirt, grease, resin, fungus or mold. Remove (if any) the old paint, and treat the contaminated cleaned areas with the Neomid 500 antiseptic. After that, the composition must be mixed well, and in the case of treatment with a spray gun, the preparation can be diluted up to 10% with white spirit.

Surface treatment with a wood preservative can be done either with a sprayer or with a brush or roller. To highlight the brighter structure of the tree, it is recommended to sand the surface after the first layer has dried, and apply the next layer only the next day. When working with this product, open flames should not be allowed in the treated area, as the drug may ignite.

Whatever type of coverage you choose, keep the following in mind:

• Many outdoor wood products contain antiseptic additives that can cause severe allergic reactions. Do not use exterior paint or lacquer on food contact items.
• Allow lumber to dry thoroughly before using pres- sure treated lumber. In warm and dry summer weather, it will take about three weeks to dry.

Wood needs a sun umbrella and a raincoat

1. Outdoor wood has two main enemies - sun and rain.
2. short storage wooden products(even without finishing) in a dry room can protect them from both the sun and the rain.

The ultraviolet radiation (UV) of the sun almost immediately begins to destroy the unprotected surface of the tree, giving it the familiar silvery-gray color.

Degradation is accelerated when the surface begins to become covered with fine cracks, allowing moisture to penetrate deep into the wood.

What should the carpenter do? It is best to protect garden furniture from all damaging factors by protecting it from direct sunlight, such as on a covered terrace or gazebo, or by storing it in a shady place against the north wall of the house, or under the canopy of trees when not in use. Such a precaution would be appropriate for the care of small items garden furniture and other not too heavy products, but not suitable for front doors, gates, gates and large benches.

Large and heavy wooden products, doomed to remain under the scorching sun, are easiest to protect from ultraviolet radiation by creating an impenetrable sun screen for them - paint with opaque paint. Paint and opaque (opaque) azure contain enough pigment to provide the wood with opaque protection. Any of these coatings would be a good choice.

When you go outside in bad weather, you put on a waterproof raincoat. Wooden products also require reliable protection against moisture. Any film-forming coating applied to wood from all sides provides moisture protection like a raincoat. But sooner or later, water penetrates under the coating film and causes it to peel off. Therefore, for greater durability, it is better to use elastic compounds with water-repellent (hydrophobic) properties.

Another way, rarely used by today's craftsmen, is the operation of products without any protection at all, that is, they are not coated or impregnated with anything. Many rot-resistant wood species (provided that the products are not in constant contact with water or soil) weather and thin out by only a few millimeters per century. However, without antifungal impregnation, the wood will at best become covered with dark spots, and at worst with rough peeling scales.

Opaque finish protects from the sun

So, the ideal weatherproof coating for wood should contain antiseptic additives and a significant amount of pigment; reliably prevent the penetration of moisture, while remaining elastic; simple and easy to apply.

Paint and opaque blue (highly diluted paint) are closest to the ideal. Both types of coatings contain so much pigment that the wood under them is inaccessible to sunlight. This explains why wood paneling regularly painted and well maintained houses last for more than a hundred years. Such durability is easy to achieve these days, because modern acrylic latex paints remain quite elastic after drying, stretching and shrinking again as the wood swells and shrinks.

However, paints and opaque glazes cannot be considered the best coatings for outdoor wood. Even if you carefully paint every piece before assembly, water will sooner or later find its way to the wood and begin to accumulate under the coating film, causing it to blister and peel. Puddles and drops on horizontal surfaces accelerate the destructive power of water. This is one of the reasons why wooden decking paint is not recommended. Here are some tips on how to get the most out of your paints and opaques.

Like the transparent finish? The decision won't be easy

Transparent coatings that allow you to admire the natural color and texture of wood on the decking boards of the gazebo or terrace are divided into two types. Some coatings form a strong film on the tree, others are absorbed into its surface.

Transparent film-forming coatings such as nitro lacquer, polyurethane or epoxy resin, do not contain light-blocking pigments in their composition, allowing destructive ultraviolet rays to freely penetrate and act on the surface of the wood. Soon surface layer damaged wood cells begin to peel off along with the coating, on which cracks and peeling flakes appear (photo B). For repairs, the surface will need to be sanded down to bare wood and re-coated.

Clear film-forming coatings last longer when not exposed to moisture and direct sunlight. For example, the front door on the north side of the house, covered with several layers polyurethane varnish, will keep a fresh look for a long time (especially if you additionally protect it with a storm door or shutters), as it will become inaccessible to rain and sun.

Oil coatings, translucent oil-based glazes and water repellents are absorbed into the wood (without forming a film on its surface) and do not crack when the wood inevitably swells and shrinks. Unlike film-forming formulations, absorbent coatings are easy to renew. Just rinse the surface detergent dry and apply a new coat. However, compositions that do not contain pigments (or with a low content of them) practically do not protect wood from ultraviolet radiation, therefore products coated with them suffer from the sun.

Some oil coatings look transparent, but contain special light-blocking pigments of the finest grinding. Particles of these substances at their sufficient concentration effectively protect the tree from ultraviolet irradiation. How do you know if an oil coating contains these pigments? Look on the jar for transoxide pigments in the ingredient list.

Translucent oil-based glazes are relatively inexpensive, but still combine best properties paints and penetrating oils. They contain a certain amount of coarse pigment, partially protecting the wood from the action of ultraviolet radiation. And since they don't form a surface film, you don't have to sand away the peeling coating for a long time and tediously when updating it.

To achieve the best results when choosing between film-forming and penetrating coatings, keep the following in mind:

Wood due to its natural purity, availability, numerous advantages in terms of ease of processing and good operational qualities, from time immemorial is one of the main materials in the field of construction. However, it also has its drawbacks, which can lead to a decrease in the durability of both individual parts and the entire building as a whole. The main "minus" can be considered the low resistance of most wood species to biological damage. The tree undergoes natural decomposition, is a good breeding ground for various forms microflora and for many insects. To avoid rapid damage to the material, maximize durability wooden parts and structures, lumber must be processed in advance with special means, and then, if necessary, also carry out the processing of an already finished structure.

Manufacturers offer for this purpose a wide range of solutions made on various bases - it is not so easy to figure it out from a "swoop". Therefore, consumers often have a question - which wood preservative is better to choose? In order to decide which protective compounds exist, and which of them are used in a particular case, it makes sense to consider them in more detail.

Antiseptics can be divided into types according to several criteria - this is according to the components on the basis of which they are made, according to the scope of the compositions, and according to their functionality.

• So, antiseptic impregnations are basically divided into aqueous, oily, organic and combined solutions.

A few words should be said about their characteristics:

- Water-based antiseptics are used for protective impregnation of wood of any species. For their manufacture, components such as sodium fluoride, sodium silicon fluoride, as well as borax and boric acid (BBK3) are used. Water-soluble compounds are most often used to impregnate wooden surfaces, which in the future will not be exposed to intense moisture.

- Oil antiseptics can be called the most popular, as they are able to protect wood from high humidity and the penetration of moisture into the fiber structure of the material. When applying an oil-based solution to the wooden elements of the building, they acquire one of the rich dark shades.

This impregnation option does not dissolve in water, since it is based on shale, anthracene or coal oil. It must be remembered that oil antiseptics do not protect wood from rapid ignition, that is, they are not flame retardants. They have a very pungent specific smell, so they are most often used for impregnation external surfaces buildings.

- Organic solutions most often used for impregnation of facade surfaces. As a rule, they are used in cases where wooden walls are planned to be painted, as they create a thin film on the surface, which reduces moisture absorption wood and increases the adhesion of coatings.

Prices for Pinotex antiseptics

Antiseptic for wood Pinotex

However, it must be said that they are also suitable for processing interior wooden surfaces, so they can be used for pre-treatment timber or logs from which the walls will be built.

Organic solutions give the wood a greenish tint and increase the porosity of the structure. In addition, they can negatively affect the metal elements that are fixed on the facade and will be in contact with its surfaces, so chemical composition can contribute to the activation of corrosion processes.

• According to the field of application, antiseptics can be divided into solutions intended for external and internal works, for dry and damp rooms.

- Solutions for external works . This category includes antiseptics for preparatory and decorative works, which are highly resistant to aggressive environmental influences, such as ultraviolet radiation, high humidity, freezing, sharp temperature changes with a pronouncedly large amplitude. Due to the fact that the compositions very often have a sharp unpleasant odor, they are not recommended for use for processing internal surfaces.

- Antiseptics for internal works . These solutions are made from environmentally friendly components, they do not have unpleasant odors and do not emit toxic fumes into the environment. At the same time, it must be remembered that for the premises of a house or apartment with different levels of humidity, different antiseptics will also be required. Manufacturers always place information about their specific purpose on the packaging.

• In addition, antiseptics are divided into therapeutic and prophylactic solutions:

- Therapeutic compositions are used in cases where the wood is already affected by fungus, mold, rot or insects. However, this version of the solutions can also be used for preventive work. Especially in cases where it is planned to operate wooden structures in an aggressive environment, for example, in bath rooms or bathrooms (showers). They are also suitable for preventive treatment facade surfaces.

- Prophylactic solutions- the most common. It is clear that they are used, as a rule, for the processing of lumber before the start of construction or during its implementation. And it is recommended to impregnate wood immediately after its acquisition.

Antiseptics can be colorless, that is not altering the natural a shade of wood, or pigmented, giving surfaces a certain shade. That is, many compositions can be used both for a primer preparatory layer for painting or other finishing, and as an independent tinting decorative coating.

Classification of protective compositions for wood by functionality

Antiseptics are also divided according to their functional effects on wood. There can be many reasons for the "start" of the processes of biological damage to a tree - this is the lack of proper ventilation, timely processing appropriate compositions, improper storage of lumber before the construction of the building, poor-quality insulation of the building, exposure to moisture on the surface, and more. In addition, many compositions also have a directed action - for example, restoring the normal color of the tree or giving the material a higher resistance to fire.

Whitening antiseptics

In order to provide protection and at the same time restore the original color of the formed or affected wood, “rejuvenate” it, special bleaching antiseptic solutions are used. The most popular of them include the following.

• "Bioshield 1" and "Bioshield 2" - these impregnations are designed to prevent surface putrefactive processes occurring in wood under the destructive influence of pathogenic microflora. In addition, they are able to preserve the physical and technical characteristics of the processed material, as well as restore the healthy natural color of unpainted wood.

If wood damage is at an early stage, then Bioshield 1 can be used. After the treated surfaces have dried, they can be painted or finished with other decorative materials.

In case of severe damage to the tree by mold or lichen, it is necessary to use the "Bioshield 2" tool.

Both of these compositions are well suited for processing wood used in the construction of log cabins for baths and houses.

• "Procept 50" is a domestically produced whitening antiseptic "medical" agent for wood. The composition perfectly removes the foci of biological damage, including gray plaque, restoring the healthy color of the tree, literally in 25-30 minutes, while maintaining its structural structure.

The penetration depth of this composition is 3 mm. And already 12 hours after applying the antiseptic to the wood, it can be painted or pasted over. insulation material or wallpaper.

"Procept 50" is an environmentally friendly solution, so it can be used for both external and internal processing of wooden surfaces. In addition, even wooden pallets are processed with it, on which food products are transported and stored.

Prices for wood bleach Prosept 50

Wood bleach Prosept 50

In order to keep the solution as long as possible in the structure of the material, it is recommended to additionally cover the surfaces with a preservative antiseptic "Neomid 430 eco" or "Neomid 440 eco". These funds will exclude the possibility of recurrence of the occurrence of foci of biological damage.

• "Neomid 500" - this whitening antiseptic is similar in its characteristics to the previous remedy. However, its cost is much higher, so it is not so popular among builders.

The solution is an environmentally friendly product and can be used for internal impregnation of wooden surfaces. The tool is most often used by professional builders for processing wooden log cabins of bath houses and residential buildings. Its drying time after application is 24 hours.

• Sagus whitening antiseptics are water-based. They are designed to radically remove any kind of damage caused by black mold and wood staining fungus from unpainted wood. Solutions are also used to impregnate logs and timber for the construction of baths and houses.

Sagus produces three types of whitening compounds - Standard, Profi and Light :

- "Standard" is a solution of deep and fast penetration into the structural structure of wood fibers. It is used at the first manifestations of mold, the appearance of lichen or moss, as well as the darkening of the material as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

- "Profi" is a composition that is able to cope with more serious damage to wood. In addition, it is suitable for impregnating surfaces built from mineral building materials(brick, gas silicate blocks etc .).

- "Light" - a product designed to lighten wooden surfaces that have darkened as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, as well as when mold formations appear on them. The solution is distinguished by its mild effect on the wood structure while maintaining its original qualities.

The tree is favorable environment for the emergence and development of colonies of fungus and mold. The risk of their occurrence is especially great if the wood is constantly exposed to moisture. When a lesion appears, getting rid of it is not easy, since it penetrates the structure of the wood fibers, destroying their integrity.

To prevent this process, a protective composition is used that prevents or stops the growth of fungal colonies. If microorganisms have taken large areas wooden surfaces, then antiseptics should be used only after therapeutic measures, which are carried out with the help of special means - fungicides.

In addition to protecting against such lesions, this type of product is able to scare away insects harmful to wood, which can turn it into dust in a very short time. It should be noted that there are a lot of varieties of tree beetles. But if preventive measures are taken in time, none of them will be terrible for wooden products.

Below we will consider the most popular of protective antiseptics from various manufacturers.

• Senezh is a domestic manufacturer that supplies the construction market with excellent woodworking compounds. A wide range of such products is available, for wooden parts in any area of ​​the building and with different functionality, including - and purely protective antiseptic action.

Such means include the Senezh Bio solution, which is able to fix the natural protective qualities of wood. The compositions are made on a water basis, they impregnate the wood structure well, forming a three-level protective threshold. Fully suitable for both external and internal surfaces of the building.

In addition to solutions that make the material resistant to mold and wood bugs, this manufacturer makes compounds that make wood more resistant to fire, high moisture and ultraviolet rays.

• "PAF-LST" is an antiseptic water-soluble paste of domestic production, made on the basis of fluorine and lignosulfate. The manufacturer promises that the tool is able to increase the operational life of wood up to 30 years or more.

The paste is intended for processing wood used for the construction of load-bearing and enclosing structures. Moreover, even raw wood can be processed. The drug is odorless, and when applied, it stains the wood in a dark pistachio color, creating a rough layer on its surface. This version of the antiseptic is selected if the elements processed by it are not planned to be painted.

"Homeenpoisto +" from the company "Tikkurila" - very convenient: compact packaging, and the solution itself is easy to quickly prepare immediately before processing wooden surfaces

- "Homeenpoisto +" - these are special tablets that are used to prepare a solution to remove mold foci and prevent their formation. The composition can be used for the treatment of old and new, external and internal, wooden or mineral surfaces.

The treatment process with this substance is carried out before staining. The tablets are dissolved in ordinary water, and then the resulting solution is applied to the surface with a spray gun. The tool is given a certain period for a more intense effect on the affected areas of the material. Then the surface is treated with a brush or foam sponge, after which it is washed with clean water and dried. After drying, the surface must be painted immediately.

- "Homeenpoisto 1" is an antiseptic jelly-like agent designed to remove lesions from wooden surfaces and further protect parts from recurrent processes. The solution is made on the basis of hypochlorite, so it is intended for external use only.

High-quality and reliable antiseptic "MOKKE" offers Russian manufacturer LKM-color. The tool is designed to process wooden facades and other outdoor surfaces. Reliable composition antiseptic guarantees effective protection wood from rotting, damage by fungus, lichens, various insects for up to 45 years.

Flame retardants - fire retardant solutions

Due to the fact that wood is a highly flammable material, it requires a special fire retardant treatment that will increase the resistance of lumber to fire. Compositions for these purposes are called flame retardants, and they are produced in liquid, paste and powder forms.

• Impregnations are aqueous solutions intended for deep penetration into the wood structure.
• Lacquers form a protective transparent and thin film on the surface, which will protect the wood from rapid heating and ignition.
• Paints and enamels perform two functions at once - it is protective and decorative.
• Coatings are pasty compositions that are not decorative, they are intended only to protect surfaces from open fire.
• Powdered flame retardants are applied to surfaces using special equipment by spraying.

Flame retardants are also divided into formulations for surface treatment and deep penetration into the structure of wood, as well as solutions for outdoor and indoor use. Used for facades weather resistant compositions, and for the interior - environmentally friendly and resistant to aggressive environment solutions, especially if wooden surfaces are impregnated in baths or bathrooms.

Another important distinctive feature flame retardants is their principle of action, which can be active or passive.

• Active substances are called substances that, when heated, emit non-combustible gases that prevent the access of oxygen to the combustion source. Thus, the possibility of flame propagation is reduced.
• Passive flame retardants are solutions that, when the wood surface is heated, form a layer that protects the wood structure when exposed to fire. The compositions have the ability to melt at high temperatures, creating a non-combustible "crust", which, by the way, wastes a lot of thermal energy, which increases the overall thermal stability of the wooden structure.

Flame retardants include in their range manufactured by the same companies that produce other wood protection products.

• Compositions "Senezh Ognebio" and "Ognebio Prof" are intended to increase the resistance of wood to open fire and protection against biological damage. These preparations are used to treat exterior walls before painting them. If the protective layers formed by such fire retardants are left uncoated, the substances will quickly weather.

• "Neomid 450" and "Neomid 450-1" are highly effective solutions for protecting wood from biological damage and fire. They are used for application on external and internal surfaces that have been machined, but unpainted and not impregnated. film-forming formulations. If fungal infections are found on the surfaces, then they should be treated with bleaching agents before applying the fire retardant.

• "Pirilax" is a bio - and fire retardant solution designed to impregnate wood and materials made from it, which can be used for outdoor and indoor work. The composition perfectly protects the tree from wood-staining and mold fungus, wood-boring beetles. And besides this, it enhances its resistance to open fire. In general, thanks to this treatment, the service life of any wooden parts is extended, the risk of cracking is reduced, and decay is slowed down.

The composition is compatible with other paint and varnish solutions, therefore it can be used for coloring. The manufacturer of Pirilax indicates on the packaging that it provides antiseptic protection for wood for up to 20 years, and fire protection for up to 16 years. At the same time, the composition is an environmentally friendly material, safe for people and the environment.

On sale you can find flame retardants and other domestic and foreign manufacturers. When purchasing any of them, it is recommended to carefully study the characteristics of the solution and instructions for its use.

Compounds providing UV protection

Structures built of wood lose their attractive original appearance over time, as they are constantly exposed to destructive ultraviolet radiation. To protect the facades of wooden houses or baths, it is necessary to treat surfaces in time with preparations specially designed for this purpose.

Protective products, which are designed to prevent the harmful effects of sunlight, contain pigments and special additives that reduce the destructive effect of ultraviolet radiation.

A wooden surface treated with a special agent will be protected from UV damage for 8-10 years, after which the treatment will need to be renewed. If a colorless version of the solution is chosen for the coating, then the coating will have to be renewed every 3-4 years.

If blue or mold damage is found on the lumber, then before coating them with protective compounds must be treated with strong antiseptics.

The following compositions can be cited as an example of this type of funds.

• "Senezh Akvadecor" is a decorative composition, which is not only an excellent antiseptic, but also includes special components - UV filters that absorb solar radiation. thanks to these ingredients. wood does not darken, retaining its original view. "Senezh Aquadecor" is produced in a wide range of colors, which allows you to choose the most suitable shade for coating external or internal surfaces.

• « Biofa 2108" - This is a special solution made in Germany. The composition of this tool includes microparticles of white pigment, they are protection for wood from UV rays. The product can be used to coat interior and exterior wooden surfaces. When applying the solution to wood, the natural color of the material does not change.

The composition is based on linseed oil, which is well absorbed into the wood, without creating a film on the surface. Due to the fact that the product is oil-based, it is not compatible with aqueous solutions. Biofa 2108 - it is an environmentally friendly product, so the coating from it is breathable and does not emit toxic fumes into the environment.

Protective solutions for wood operated in a humid environment

Parts of wooden structures in contact with the ground, buildings located in regions with traditionally high humidity, as well as internal wooden surfaces of baths and saunas require the use of products specially designed for their treatment.

For the treatment of external surfaces, the following antiseptics are perfect:

• "Senezh Ultra" and "Senezh Bio" - these solutions have deep penetration properties, impregnating the upper layers of wood, creating two and three-level protective thresholds against moisture penetration. These compositions can be used as a primer under a decorative coating.

• "Valtti Aquacolor" is an oily antiseptic used to protect the walls of buildings operated in damp natural conditions. The manufacturer offers a 40-color palette for tinting solutions, so the protective agent can easily become multifunctional, giving decorativeness to wooden surfaces with the selected shade.

The oil is quickly absorbed into the structure of the wood, emphasizing the beauty of its texture. In addition to oil, the composition of the product includes a special wax, which is a water-repellent component.

Wax does not exfoliate from the surface, increases the wear resistance of wood, gives it hydrophobicity, and also prevents mechanical damage. The manufacturer has provided for the possibility of tinting the product, the color scheme for which has 39 shades.

To protect surfaces in baths and saunas are also provided special formulations designed to withstand high temperatures, steam and moisture. Therefore, if it is necessary to treat surfaces in these buildings or separate rooms, it is worth choosing products on the packaging of which their specification is indicated:

• "KRASULA® for baths and saunas" is a decorative and protective solution containing in its composition natural wax, it is applied to processing, both dry, and damp surfaces. The function of this tool lies in its following actions:

– protection of wood from the penetration of moisture, dirt, soot, grease, soap solution, as well as from the formation of spots from adhering leaves;

– destruction of the wood lesions caused by mold, algae and prevention of recurrence;

- protection against damage by harmful insects, such as wood-boring beetles;

The product has been tested for safety operation at high temperatures. It does not change the natural appearance of wood and retains its natural aroma. It is important that the composition does not clog the pores of the material, allowing it to "breathe".

It is especially important for the conditions of the bath that it is an environmentally friendly solution safe for the environment and people. It is convenient that it is possible to carry out processing in a humid environment, without waiting for the surfaces to dry.

The manufacturer gives a guarantee for the protection of wood for a period of 7 years in the rest rooms of baths and saunas, as well as 5 years for the surfaces of washing and steam rooms.

• "PROSEPT SAUNA" - a composition that is a composition of synthetic biocides, made on a water basis. It is used to protect the internal wooden surfaces of baths and saunas from wood-staining and wood-destroying manifestations. Prevents the appearance of colonies of fungus and pathogens on healthy wood. The solution provides reliable protection against moisture penetration into the wood structure at high temperatures.

PROSEPT SAUNA can be used not only to protect new surfaces, but also to stop existing destructive processes. The active components of the antiseptic quickly penetrate into the wood structure, binding to its fibers. Thus, a special resistance of the material to the penetration of moisture and washing out of the agent itself is created.

This tool is used as a base for surface treatment with oils intended for bath rooms, for painting or tinting.

• "Senezh Sauna" is another solution designed for the treatment of wooden surfaces in rooms where high humidity and high temperatures prevail. The impregnation has an environmentally friendly composition that does not emit toxic substances into the environment.

Prices for antiseptics Senezh

Antiseptics Senezh

Preservatives for unbarked wood and wood with high natural moisture

If fresh wood is purchased for construction, not dried out, or a log that has not been peeled from the bark, then before laying the material to dry, it is necessary to process it. For this purpose, it is recommended to use specially designed products that will reliably protect the wood during its natural drying period.

The preparations used to impregnate such wood have the property of deep penetration into the structure of the material, allow it to "breathe" and create unacceptable conditions for the appearance of fungal formations and insect damage. Such solutions include Neomid 420 and Neomid 46, Senezh Insa and Senezh Trans, Prosept-42 and Prosept-46, Eurotrans, BS-13 and others.

Protection for the ends of timber and logs

A specific area of ​​lumber that requires enhanced protection is end part beams, boards or logs. Due to the fact that the butt has a more porous structural structure, moisture is intensively absorbed into the wood through it, penetrating into the depth of the products. As a result, in the created favorable microclimate, mold that destroys the material is easily formed. In addition, waterlogging in these places leads to the appearance of deep cracks, which sharply reduce the quality of the acquired material, becoming vulnerable to further wood damage. Therefore, for processing of this area of ​​wooden products were special antiseptic agents have been developed that are applied to the material being prepared for construction or sheathing, or to the ends of a log or beam of an already finished structure of a house or bath.

The most popular tool for protecting the ends of lumber is Senezh Tor, which has all the necessary qualities. And, the processing process must be carried out not only for new materials, but also for objects already put into operation, with a frequency of every three to four years.

Preservatives for old painted wood

It is more difficult to save painted wood from biological damage, since it is not at all easy to get rid of the old paintwork. And, even in cases where the coating has cracked and begun to flake off.

In order for the protective agent to show its effectiveness, all layers of paint will have to be removed from the wood. This process can be done in several ways - mechanically, using a spatula or grinder with a metal brush nozzle, and chemically, when special compounds are applied to the surface that soften and peel off the old layers of decorative finishes.

Antiseptics can be applied only after complete cleaning of the surface from paint layers.

Protective measures are carried out both before the subsequent painting of wooden surfaces, and when the cleaned material is left in its natural form.

For the treatment of cleaned surfaces, antiseptics such as Valtti Techno and Homeenpoisto 1 are used, which are able to penetrate deeply into the structure of previously painted wood and protect it from problems that have arisen. If the surface is completely cleaned of old paint, if desired or necessary, it can be bleached to a natural color, at the same time making the necessary "treatment". The name and description of the whitening compositions have been provided above.

What to look for when choosing a wood preservative?

Regardless of the purpose for which an antiseptic is chosen, it is very important when choosing it to pay attention to some points that will determine the quality of the composition and the duration of its protective action.

• Manufacturer. It must be correctly understood that protective compositions that meet all the established criteria can only be manufactured using high-tech specialized equipment, which is available exclusively from large profiled companies.

As a rule, such enterprises have been operating for decades and have already gained a certain prestige among consumers. Therefore, in order not to purchase a low-quality product that will not work properly, it is best to buy a well-known brand solution. Of course, you won’t be able to save on such products, but you can be sure that the protective qualities of the purchased solution will correspond to the description given by the manufacturer on the package.

• Duration of effective protection. As established empirically, antiseptic protective coatings can operate effectively for no more than two to seven years, depending on their quality. That is, in any case, they will need to be updated over time.

If the manufacturer indicates a service life of 20 ÷ 40 years, then such a characteristic should hardly be unconditionally trusted. Any, without exception, even the highest quality protective agent under the influence external factors gradually loses its original properties. The specifications above are operational terms manufacturer's data. However, when purchasing one or another version of an antiseptic, it is necessary to carefully study the packaging and find out the conditions under which such a period is possible.

• Consumption of a protective composition. Many consumers immediately pay attention to the cost of an antiseptic and try to save money by buying a more affordable solution. However, it is necessary to look at the material consumption indicated by the manufacturer, since many of them, having a low cost, require a large consumption and application in two or even three layers. To be able to navigate this parameter, you need to know that the average varies from 200 to 250 g / m². Only flame retardants can have high consumption - here it can be 400 ÷ 600 g / m².

If planned large-scale works, then, probably, it would be useful to immediately calculate how much antiseptic solution will be needed for the treatment. Calculate the consumption for any area (for example,) - usually does not cause problems. It is more difficult when you need to process lumber, timber or a board - in these matters, many begin to get confused.

To make this calculation as easy as possible, below is a calculator that will carry out the necessary calculations in just a few seconds.

Calculator for calculating the amount of antiseptic composition for processing lumber

The program will calculate the consumption of antiseptic for processing in one layer, taking into account the traditional stock of 10 percent. Important - the amount is calculated ready solution, since many formulations go on sale in the form of concentrates, which must be diluted before use in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

To simplify the task, the amount of lumber can be indicated both by the piece and by volume, that is, "cubes", as they are often purchased at the bases.

Consumption is indicated by manufacturers either in milliliters per m² or in grams - alas, but there is no unity on this issue. It's okay - the principle of calculation does not change in any way from this.