Cast asphalt concrete: material features, manufacturing technology and application. Card-cutting repair technology using poured asphalt mixes Molded asphalt comparative characteristics with hot asphalt concrete

GOST R 54401-2011

Group G18

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Automobile roads common use

ASPHALT CONCRETE ROAD CAST HOT

Technical requirements

Automobile roads of general use. Hot road mastic asphalt. technical requirements

OKS 93.080.20
OKP 57 1841

Introduction date 2012-05-01

Foreword

Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation - GOST R 1.0-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions"

About the standard

1 DESIGNED BY AUTONOMOUS non-profit organization"Research Institute of the Transport and Construction Complex" (ANO "NII TSK") and Open Joint Stock Company "Asphalt Concrete Plant N 1", St. Petersburg (JSC "ABZ-1", St. Petersburg)

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 418 "Road Facilities"

3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated September 14, 2011 N 297-st

4 This standard has been developed taking into account the main regulatory provisions of the European regional standard EN 13108-6:2006 * "Bitumen mixtures. Specifications on the material. Part 6: Mastic Asphalt" (EN 13108-6:2006 "Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 6: Mastic Asphalt", NEQ)
________________
* Access to international and foreign documents mentioned hereinafter in the text can be obtained by clicking on the link. - Database manufacturer's note.

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME


Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system public use - on the official website federal agency on technical regulation and metrology on the Internet

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to hot cast road asphalt concrete and hot cast road asphalt concrete mixes (hereinafter referred to as cast mixes) used for pavement on highways public areas, bridge structures, tunnels, as well as for patching, and establishes technical requirements for them.

2 Normative references

This standard uses Normative references to the following standards:

GOST R 52056-2003 Polymer-bitumen road binders based on styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers. Specifications

GOST R 52128-2003 Bituminous road emulsions. Specifications

GOST R 52129-2003 Mineral powder for asphalt concrete and organo-mineral mixtures. Specifications

GOST R 54400-2011 Public automobile roads. Asphalt road cast hot. Test Methods

GOST 12.1.004-91 Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.005-88 System of labor safety standards. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area

GOST 12.1.007-76 Occupational safety standards system. Harmful substances. Classification and General requirements to safety

GOST 12.3.002-75 Occupational safety standards system. Manufacturing processes. General safety requirements

GOST 17.2.3.02-78 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Rules for establishing permissible emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises

GOST 8267-93 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction works. Specifications

GOST 8269.0-97 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and waste industrial production for construction work. Methods of physical and mechanical tests

GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test Methods

GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications

GOST 22245-90 Viscous oil road bitumen. Specifications

GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity natural radionuclides

GOST 31015-2002 Asphalt concrete mixes and crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete. Specifications

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year , and according to the corresponding monthly published information signs published in current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions.

3.1 asphalt road cast hot: Asphalt-concrete road cast hot mix frozen in the process of cooling and formed in the coating

3.2 asphalt granulate: Material resulting from milling an existing asphalt pavement (recycled asphalt)

3.3 leveling layer: A layer of varying thickness that is applied to an existing layer or surface to create desired profile surface for the next structural layer of uniform thickness

3.4 astringent (astringent): organic compound(viscous road bitumen, modified bitumen), designed to connect the grains of the mineral part of the cast mixture

3.5 dephlegmator: Special additives based on natural waxes and synthetic paraffins with a melting point from 70 °C to 140 °C, used to modify petroleum binders in order to reduce their viscosity

3.6 additive: An ingredient that can be added to a mixture in specified amounts to affect the properties or color of the mixture

3.7 road surface: A structure consisting of one or more layers, perceiving the loads from the transport and ensuring its unhindered movement

3.8 given composition of the mixture (composition of the mixture): Optimally selected composition of a certain asphalt concrete mix, indicating the curve of particle size distribution of the mineral part of the mixture and the percentage of components

3.9 acidic rocks: Igneous rocks containing more than 65% silicon oxide (SiO

3.10 kocher (mobile kocher): Special mobile thermos boiler for cast mixture transportation, equipped with heating, mixing system (with or without independent drive) and devices to ensure cast mixture temperature control

3.11 hot flush method: Technological process of creating a rough surface of the upper layer pavement by applying to a cast mixture that has not cooled down after laying a grain mineral mixture (fractionated sand or crushed stone) or blackened crushed stone

3.12 modified bitumen: Binder made on the basis of viscous road bitumen by introducing polymers (with or without plasticizers) or other substances in order to impart certain properties to bitumen

3.13 bridge building: Road engineering structure (bridge, overpass, viaduct, flyover, aqueduct, etc.), consisting of one or more span structures and supports, laying a transport or pedestrian path over obstacles in the form of watercourses, reservoirs, canals, mountain gorges, city streets , railways and roads, pipelines and communications for various purposes

3.14 main rocks: Igneous rocks containing 44% to 52% silicon oxide (SiO

3.15 coating surface: The top layer of the road surface that comes into contact with traffic

3.16 polymer-bitumen binder (PBV): Polymer modified viscous road bitumen

3.17 full pass mineral material: The amount of material whose grain size smaller size openings of a given sieve (the amount of material passing through a given sieve when sifted)

3.18 total balance of mineral material: The amount of material whose grain size over size openings of a given sieve (the amount of material that did not pass when sifting through a given sieve)

3.19 row (laying strip): Pavement element laid in one working shift or working day

3.20 segregation (stratification): Local change in the granulometric composition of the mineral materials of the cast mixture and the content of the binder in the initially homogeneous mixture, due to individual movements of particles of coarse and fine fractions of the mineral part, during the storage of the mixture or its transportation

3.21 layer (structural layer): A building element of a road surface, consisting of a material of one composition. The layer can be laid in one or more rows

3.22 asphalt road cast hot mix: Castable mixture, with minimum residual porosity, consisting of a grain mineral part (crushed stone, sand and mineral powder) and viscous petroleum bitumen (with or without polymeric or other additives) as a binder, which is laid by injection molding technology, without compaction , at a mixture temperature of at least 190 °C

3.23 medium rocks: Igneous rocks containing 52% to 65% silicon oxide (SiO

3.24 stationary kocher: A special stationary storage hopper for homogenization and storage of the cast mixture after the end of its production process, equipped with heating, a mixing system, a loading device and temperature control devices for the cast mixture

3.25 workability: Qualitative characteristic of a cast mixture, determined by the efforts that ensure its homogenization during mixing, its suitability for transportation and laying. Includes such properties of the cast mixture as flowability, suitability for laying by injection technology, spreading rate over the surface

3.26 blackened gravel: Graded crushed stone treated with bitumen, in an unbound state and intended to create a surface rough layer.

4 Classification

4.1 Cast mixes and asphalt concretes based on them, depending on largest size grains of the mineral part, the content of crushed stone in them and the purpose, are divided into three types (see table 1).


Table 1

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Cast mixtures must be prepared in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner by the manufacturer.

5.2 Grain compositions of the mineral part of mixtures of cast and asphalt concretes based on them, when using round sieves, must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in table 2.


table 2

Grain compositions of the mineral part of mixtures of cast and asphalt concretes based on them, using square sieves, are given in Appendix B.

Graphs of the permitted granulometric compositions of the mineral part of the cast mixture are given in Appendix B.

5.4 Indicators of the physical and mechanical properties of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them, the temperature of production, storage and laying should correspond to those indicated in Table 3.


Table 3

The physical and mechanical properties of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them are determined in accordance with GOST R 54400.

5.5 Maximum temperature, indicated in table 3, is valid for any place in the mixing mechanism and containers for storage and transportation.

5.6 The values ​​of the index of the depth of indentation of the stamp, depending on the purpose and place of application of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them, are shown in Table 4.


Table 4

The index of the indentation depth of the stamp at a temperature of 40 °C during the first 30 minutes of the test and (if necessary) the increase in the index of the indentation depth of the stamp during the next 30 minutes of the test is determined in accordance with GOST R*.

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* The text of the document corresponds to the original. - Database manufacturer's note.

5.7 Cast mixtures must be homogeneous. The homogeneity of cast mixtures is evaluated in accordance with GOST R 54400 by the coefficient of variation of the values ​​of the index of the indentation depth of the die at a temperature of 40 °C during the first 30 minutes of the test. The coefficient of variation for mixtures of cast types I and II shall not exceed 0.20. This indicator for a mixture of cast type III is not standardized. The index of homogeneity of the cast mixture is determined at intervals not less than monthly. The index of uniformity of the cast mixture is recommended to be determined for each manufactured composition.

5.8 Material requirements

5.8.1 For the preparation of cast mixtures, crushed stone is used, obtained by crushing dense rocks. Crushed stone from dense rocks, which is part of cast mixtures, must comply with the requirements of GOST 8267.

For the preparation of cast mixtures, crushed stone of fractions from 5 to 10 mm is used; over 10 to 15 mm; over 10 to 20 mm; over 15 to 20 mm, as well as mixtures of these fractions. There should be no foreign contaminants in the crushed stone.

The physical and mechanical properties of crushed stone must comply with the requirements specified in Table 5.


Table 5

5.8.2 For the preparation of cast mixtures, sand from crushing screenings, natural sand, and their mixture are used. Sand must comply with the requirements of GOST 8736. In the production of cast mixtures for the top layers of road and bridge structures, sand from crushing screenings or its mixture with natural sand containing no more than 50% natural sand should be used. Grain composition natural sand in size should correspond to sand not lower than the fine group.

The physical and mechanical properties of the sand must comply with the requirements specified in Table 6.


Table 6

5.8.3 For the preparation of cast mixtures, non-activated and activated mineral powder is used that meets the requirements of GOST R 52129.

The permissible content of powder from sedimentary (carbonate) rocks from the total mass of mineral powder must be at least 60%.

It is allowed to use technical dust from the removal of basic and medium rocks from the dust collection system of mixing plants in an amount of up to 40% of the total mass of the mineral powder. The use of dust from acid rocks is allowed, provided that it is contained in the total mass of the mineral powder in an amount of not more than 20%. The values ​​of the indicators of fly-away dust must comply with the requirements of GOST R 52129 for MP-2 grade powder.

5.8.4 For the preparation of cast mixtures, viscous oil road bitumen grades BND 40/60, BND 60/90 according to GOST 22245, as well as modified and other bituminous binders with improved properties, are used as a binder according to regulatory and technical documentation agreed and approved by the customer in in accordance with the established procedure, subject to ensuring the quality indicators of cast asphalt concrete from these mixtures at a level not lower than those established by this standard.

5.8.5 When using cast asphalt concrete on bridge structures, in the upper and lower layers of road surfaces with high traffic intensity and design axle loads, polymer-modified bitumen should be used. In these cases, preference should be given to polymer-bitumen binders based on block copolymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene grades PBB 40 and PBB 60 according to GOST R 52056.

5.8.6 When designing compositions of cast mixtures, the type of binder should be assigned taking into account climatic features area of ​​construction, destination and place of application of the structural layer, the required (designed) deformation properties of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them. The suitability of the binder to achieve the required functional characteristics mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them are confirmed in the process of mandatory and optional tests specified in GOST R 54400.

5.8.7 In the production of cast mixtures, it is permissible to use binders modified by introducing dephlegmators into their composition, which make it possible to reduce the temperatures of production, storage and laying of cast mixtures by 10 °C to 30 °C without compromising their workability. The introduction of reflux condensers is carried out in bitumen (polymer-bitumen binder) or in a cast mixture during its production at an asphalt mixing plant.

5.8.8 The specified composition of the cast mixture must be ensured during its production at the asphalt mixing plant. It is forbidden to change the composition of the cast mixture after the completion of its production process by introducing a binder, petroleum products, plasticizers, resins, mineral materials and other substances into the mobile coher in order to change the viscosity of the cast mixture and physical and mechanical characteristics cast asphalt concrete.

5.8.9 It is allowed to use recycled asphalt concrete (granulated asphalt) as a filler in a cast mixture. At the same time, its content should not exceed 10% of the mass fraction of the composition of the cast mixture for the device of the lower or upper layers of the road surface and patching and 20% of the mass fraction of the composition of the mixture of cast for the device of the leveling layer. At the request of the consumer, the permissible percentage of asphalt granulate content in the cast mixture can be reduced. The maximum grain size of the crushed stone contained in the asphalt granulate must not exceed maximum size crushed stone grains in a cast mixture. When designing the compositions of cast mixtures with the use of asphalt granulate, the mass fraction of the content and properties of the binder in the composition of this aggregate should be taken into account.

6 Safety and environmental requirements

6.1 When preparing and laying cast mixtures, the general safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.3.002 and the requirements fire safety according to GOST 12.1.004.

6.2 Materials for the preparation of cast mixtures (crushed stone, sand, mineral powder and bitumen) must correspond to a hazard class not higher than IV in accordance with GOST 12.1.007, referring to the nature of harmfulness and the degree of impact on the human body as low-hazard substances.

6.3 The norms of maximum permissible emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during the production of works should not exceed the values ​​established by GOST 17.2.3.02.

6.4 Air in working area when preparing and laying cast mixtures, it must meet the requirements of GOST 12.1.005.

6.5 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in mixtures of cast and cast asphalt concrete should not exceed the values ​​established by GOST 30108.

7 Acceptance rules

7.1 Acceptance of cast mixtures is carried out in batches.

7.2 A batch is considered to be any amount of a cast mixture of the same type and composition, produced at the enterprise at the same mixing plant during one shift, using raw materials from one delivery.

7.3 To assess the compliance of cast mixtures with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and operational quality control is carried out.

7.4 Acceptance control of the cast mixture is carried out for each batch. During acceptance tests, water saturation, the depth of indentation of the stamp and the composition of the cast mixture are determined. Indicators of the porosity of the mineral core and residual porosity and the indicator of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides are determined when selecting the compositions of the cast mixture, as well as when changing the composition and properties of the starting materials.

7.5 During the operational quality control of cast mixtures in production, the temperature of the cast mixture in each shipped vehicle is determined, which must not be lower than 190 °C.

7.6 For each batch of the shipped cast mixture, the consumer is issued a quality document containing the following product information:

- name of the manufacturer and his address;

- number and date of issue of the document;

- name and address of the consumer;

- order number (batch) and quantity (mass) of cast mixture;

- type of cast mixture (composition number according to the manufacturer's nomenclature);

- temperature of the mixture cast during shipment;

- the brand of binder used and the designation of the standard according to which it was produced;

- the designation of this standard;

- information about the introduced additives and asphalt granulate.

At the request of the consumer, the manufacturer is obliged to provide the consumer with full information on the released batch of products, including the data of acceptance tests and tests carried out during the selection of the composition, according to the following indicators:

- water saturation;

- depth of indentation of the stamp (including an increase in the index after 30 minutes);

- porosity of the mineral part;

- residual porosity;

- homogeneity of the cast mixture (according to the results of tests of the previous period);

- specific effective activity of natural radionuclides;

- granulometric composition of the mineral part.

7.7 The consumer has the right to conduct a control check of the compliance of the supplied cast mixture with the requirements of this standard, observing the methods of sampling, sample preparation and testing specified in GOST R 54400.

8 Test methods

8.1 The porosity of the mineral core, residual porosity, water saturation, the depth of indentation of the stamp, the composition of the cast mixture, the tensile strength during splitting of cast asphalt concrete are determined according to GOST R 54400.

If square sieves are used in the selection of grain compositions, a set of sieves must be used in accordance with Appendix B to determine the grain composition of the cast mixture.

8.2 Preparation of samples from mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them for testing is carried out in accordance with GOST R 54400.

8.3 The temperature of the cast mixture is determined by a thermometer with a measurement limit of 300 °C and an error of ±1 °C.

8.4 Specific effective activity natural radionuclides are taken according to its maximum value in the mineral materials used. This data is indicated in the quality document by the supplier enterprise.

In the absence of data on the content of natural radionuclides, the manufacturer of the cast mixture carries out input control materials in accordance with GOST 30108.

9 Transport and storage

9.1 Prepared cast mixtures must be transported to the place of laying in cochers. It is not allowed to transport the cast mixture in dump trucks or other vehicles in the absence of installed and functioning systems for its mixing and maintaining the temperature.

9.2 The maximum temperature of the cast mixture during storage must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table 3, or the requirements of technological regulations for this species works.

9.3 Mandatory conditions for the transportation of cast mixtures to the place of laying:

- forced mixing;

- exclusion of segregation (stratification) of the cast mixture;

- protection from cooling, precipitation.

9.4 In the case of long-term transportation or storage of the cast mixture in stationary cochers at asphalt mixing plants, its temperature should be reduced for the period of the expected storage time. When storing a mixture of cast from 5 to 12 hours, their temperature should be reduced to 200 ° C (when using polymer-bitumen binders) or up to 215 ° C (when using viscous oil bitumen). After the end of the storage period, immediately before the production of laying work, the temperature of the cast mixture is increased to the permissible values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table 3 or in the technological regulations for this type of work.

9.5 The time elapsed from the production of a cast mix at an asphalt mixing plant to its complete unloading from a mobile coher when laying in a pavement should not exceed 12 hours.

9.6 Cast mixture is subject to disposal as construction waste under the following conditions:

- exceeding the maximum allowable shelf life of the cast mixture;

- unsatisfactory workability of the mixture, loss of the ability to be a pourable mixture and the ability to spread over the base, friability (incoherence), the presence of brown smoke emanating from the cast mixture.

9.7 Instrumentation that monitors the temperature of the cast mixture at the asphalt mixing plant and in the Kocher (stationary and mobile) must be calibrated (verified) at least once every three months.

10 Instructions for use

10.1 The device of coatings from a cast mixture is carried out in accordance with technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

10.2 The cast mixture must be placed in the coating only in a liquid or viscous-flowing state that does not require compaction.

10.3 Laying cast mixtures should be carried out at a temperature of the ambient air and the underlying structural layer of at least 5 °C. It is allowed to use cast mixtures at an ambient temperature of up to minus 10 °C for the performance of works to remove an emergency situation on the carriageway of roads with asphalt concrete pavements. In these cases, measures should be taken to ensure sufficient quality of adhesion of cast asphalt concrete with the underlying structural layer.

10.4 Cast mixtures for paving, sidewalks and patching should be unloaded directly onto the surface of the underlying structural layer or waterproofing layer. The surface of the underlying layer must be dry, clean, dust-free and must meet the requirements for asphalt concrete and monolithic cement concrete bases and coatings.

When laying the mixture cast on concrete base or cold milled asphalt pavement should be pre-processing such surfaces with bituminous emulsion according to GOST R 52128 with a flow rate of 0.2-0.4 l / m in order to ensure proper adhesion of the layers. Accumulation of the emulsion in low areas of the base surface is not allowed. It is obligatory to require complete disintegration of the emulsion and evaporation of the resulting moisture prior to laying the cast mixture. The use of bitumen instead of bitumen emulsion for surface treatment is not allowed.

Emulsion treatment of the underlying layer of poured asphalt concrete is not carried out when the lower and upper layers of the pavement are made of poured asphalt concrete.

The emulsion treatment of the underlying layer of cast asphalt concrete is allowed not to be carried out when the upper layer is made of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete mixture according to GOST 31015 with a time interval between the layers of no more than 10 days, and also in the absence of traffic in this period along the underlying layer.

10.5 The value of the maximum allowable longitudinal and transverse slopes road construction, when using a cast mixture, ranges from 4% to 6%, depending on the characteristics of the given composition of the cast mixture and its viscosity.

10.6 Cast mixtures of all types may be laid as mechanized way using a special device for leveling the cast mixture (finisher), and manually. The required workability of cast mixes is achieved by the manufacturer by adjusting the specified composition and selection of bituminous binder, introducing reflux condensers during the production of cast mixes, provided that cast asphalt concrete retains the strength characteristics specified in 5.4. Workability can be adjusted by changing temperature regime cast mixture during its laying, taking into account the fulfillment of the requirements for the minimum and maximum allowable temperatures cast mixtures. A mixture intended for mechanized laying may have an increased viscosity and a lower spreading rate on the surface when unloading.

10.7 The final stage of the paving with the top layer of poured asphalt concrete is the device of a rough surface, carried out by the "hot" method of embedding in accordance with the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

10.8 The physical and mechanical properties of the crushed stone used for the device of the rough surface of the top layer of the coating of asphalt concrete poured by the method of embedding "hot" must comply with the requirements given in Appendix A.

Appendix A (recommended). Physical and mechanical characteristics of crushed stone used for the device of the rough surface of the upper layers of the pavement of road cast hot asphalt concrete by the "hot" method of embedding

For the device of the rough surface of the upper layers of the pavement of hot cast asphalt concrete by the method of embedding "hot", fractionated crushed stone of igneous rocks of fractions from 5 to 10 mm, more than 10 to 15 mm and a mixture of fractions from 5 to 20 mm according to GOST 8267 with a consumption of 10 -15 kg/m.

When arranging the lower layers of coatings from cast mixtures, in order to additionally ensure adhesion to the upper layers of coatings from all types of compacted asphalt concrete, crushed stone of igneous rocks of fractions from 5 to 10 mm is distributed "hot" with a flow rate of 2-4 kg / m. It is allowed not to sprinkle the lower layer with crushed stone when installing two-layer pavements from cast asphalt concrete, provided that there is no movement along the bottom layer of the pavement.

To ensure proper adhesion of crushed stone surface treatment with cast asphalt concrete, it is recommended to use crushed stone treated with bitumen (blackened crushed stone). The content of bitumen should be selected so as to exclude its runoff, sticking of crushed stone or uneven coating of the surface of crushed stone with bitumen.

The physical and mechanical properties of the crushed stone used for the device of the rough surface of the upper layers of the poured asphalt concrete pavement by the embedding method must comply with the requirements presented in Table A.1.


Table A.1

The recommended temperature range of the cast mixture at the beginning of the process of distribution of grain mineral materials over its surface is from 140 °C to 180 °C and must be specified in the process of work.

For the device of a rough surface of footpaths, sidewalks and bicycle paths, natural fractionated sand is used with a consumption of 2-3 kg / m.

The recommended grain composition of natural sand is determined by the total residues on the control sieves shown in Table A.2.


Table A.2

It is acceptable to use crushed graded sand with a grain size of 2.5 to 5.0 mm and a consumption of 4-8 kg/m.

Appendix B (recommended). Complete passages of mineral material using square sieves

B.1 Total passages of mineral material when using square sieves as a percentage by weight are shown in Table B.1.


Table B.1

Annex B (recommended). Requirements for the granulometric composition of the mineral part of all types of mixtures

The permitted values ​​of the composition of the mineral part for all types of mixture are in the zone between the two broken lines shown in the graphs of Figures B.1-B.6.

Figure B.1 - Grain composition of mixture type I (round sieves)

Figure B.2 - Grain composition of mixture type I (square sieves)

Figure B.3 - Grain composition of type II mixture (round sieves)

Figure B.4 - Grain composition of type II mixture (square sieves)

Figure B.5 - Grain composition of type III mixture (round sieves)

Figure B.6 - Grain composition of type III mix (square sieves)

Bibliography

Electronic text of the document
prepared by CJSC "Kodeks" and checked against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2012

Molded asphalt concrete is very popular in Europe. In Russia, this type of asphalt is less common due to high cost equipment and the asphalt mix itself. However, poured asphalt is the highest quality product for the construction of new roads, parking lots and bridges.

Molded asphalt differs from conventional asphalt concrete laying technology. The composition of both mixtures is approximately the same, that is, the asphalt components are the same (crushed stone, mineral powder, sand and bitumen), but their proportions are different. Thus, cast asphalt concrete contains an increased amount of bitumen (from 8 to 10% of the total mass) and mineral powder (from 20 to 30%), which makes it viscous and somewhat liquid.

Laying technology cast asphalt suggests pouring the required area with asphalt concrete mix. Asphalt is leveled manually or using a special installation. Molded Asphalt Roller Seals not required

Cast asphalt concrete (English Mastic asphalt,) - road building material, one of the types asphalt concrete; a cast asphalt concrete mixture that has solidified during the cooling process and formed in the pavement.

In accordance with GOST R 54401-2011 “Road cast hot asphalt concrete. Technical requirements" cast asphalt concrete mix - "casting mix, with minimal residual porosity, consisting of a grain mineral part (crushed stone, sand and mineral powder) and viscous petroleum bitumen (with or without polymer or other additives) as a binder, laying which is produced by injection technology, without sealing, at a temperature of the mixture not less than 190°С».

Cast asphalt concrete depending on temperature, as well as the magnitude and time of application of the load, manifests itself as an elastic-elastic and viscous-plastic material. The difference between cast polymer asphalt concretes is that they are produced using bitumen modified with polymer additives, polymer-bitumen binder(hereinafter PBV).

asphalt road cast hot: Asphalt-concrete road cast hot mixture frozen in the process of cooling and formed in the coating.

asphalt granulate: The material resulting from the milling of an existing asphalt pavement (recycled asphalt).

leveling layer: A layer of variable thickness that is applied to an existing layer or surface in order to create the desired surface profile for the next structural layer of uniform thickness.

dephlegmator: Special additives based on natural waxes and synthetic paraffins with a melting point from 70 °C to 140 °C, used to modify petroleum binders in order to reduce their viscosity.

kocher (mobile kocher): Special mobile thermos boiler for transporting the cast mixture, equipped with heating, a mixing system (with or without an independent drive) and devices for monitoring the temperature of the cast mixture.

hot flush method: The technological process of creating a rough surface of the top layer of the road surface by applying a grain mineral mixture (fractionated sand or crushed stone) or blackened crushed stone to a cast mixture that has not cooled down after laying.

Application in different countries[

In the 1910-1950s. In the 20th century, cast asphalt concretes were most widely used in Germany, where they continued to improve laying methods, select recipes, and expand the scope of the material. AT 1908 in Berlin and Frankfurt am Main the first cast asphalt concrete was laid. Since the late 1920s, cast mixtures have been used trinidadian asphalt t from the lake Peach Lake.

In the early fifties, the first paver for poured asphalt concrete was invented.

The Russian history of the use of poured asphalt is connected, first of all, with the discovery and development of natural deposits bituminous dolomites in Volga region, near Syzran.

AT Russia asphalt business developed from 1873 when found impregnated with natural bitumen sandstone in the Syzran district. This made it possible to establish production tar and mastics from local materials excellent quality. Syzran asphalt was stronger than Western European counterparts and melted at a higher temperature.

Modern research cast asphalt concrete the USSR engaged in several scientific centers. However, unlike West Germany, cast asphalt concrete has not received widespread practice.

Introduced in 2012 Russian standards for cast asphalt concrete - GOST 54400-2001 “Road cast hot asphalt concrete. Test methods” and GOST 54401-2011 “Road cast hot asphalt concrete. Technical requirements".

The standards are harmonized with European regulations.

Molded asphalt concretes differ from traditional ones in that bitumen is added to their mix. from 7.5% to 10% of the total volume, as well as polymers modified with various additives, such as mineral powders, which can be from 20% to 30% in volume. The total volume of such a binder is 28% or more.

The paving of the asphalt mix is ​​carried out by pouring technology, which does not use any compaction technique such as vibration. The temperature of the concrete mix during placement should be not less than 190°С. Depending on the temperature and magnitude of the load, as well as on the duration of the load, cast asphalt concrete behaves like an elastic material.

Asphalt has dominated road construction since the 1930s. Thanks to the technology of its smooth laying, it is possible to reduce the noise of passing cars. If even for a second the current flow of vehicles will be on cobblestones, it is difficult to imagine the state of our eardrums.

Concentrated road workers with shovels near smoking heaps of hot asphalt and a skating rink rolling back and forth admiring its massiveness is a familiar sight for citizens who do not allow any alternative to asphalting the city as a criterion for its improvement.

However, the advent of poured asphalt destroyed the stereotypes of laying work on city streets. It turns out that you can do without a skating rink. In principle, the same components, but ... their share ratio has changed. As a result of simple know-how, laying technology has changed asphalt pavement, the quality of the surface layer of the pavement has improved.

Features of the composition of cast asphalt

Cast asphalt retains the traditional ingredients of average asphalt, but their ratio is fundamentally different than in classic version. In poured asphalt, the proportion of sand and crushed stone is reduced, and the content of bitumen is increased. Molded asphalt can contain up to 13% of the bituminous component, and the temperature of preparation and subsequent laying of asphalt should be in the range of 200-250 degrees C.

Molded asphalt refers to varieties of hot asphalt concrete compositions. This modification got its name cast due to the fact that, when heated, cast asphalt for pavement and road surfaces acquires a viscous-flowing mobile consistency, making it suitable for pouring prepared surfaces. The mix spreads evenly without the need for compaction at all, as is required with conventional asphalt mixes.

The best indicators in terms of elasticity, wear resistance, friction properties, water resistance and fatigue life are demonstrated by cast polymer asphalt concrete obtained using modified polymer-bitumen binders. GOST R 54401 recommends the use of cast polymer asphalt concrete on all types of bridge structures and on roads subject to increased traffic loads.

Features of poured asphalt laying

The process of laying poured asphalt is not complicated in itself. The asphalt concrete mixture is poured onto the surface of the site and leveled using special mechanisms or even manually. No rollers are required. The number of road workers involved has been kept to a minimum and the road will be ready to receive loads in a few hours.

Molded asphalt has a high water resistance and can be laid even in the rain. But in order to preserve its functional properties by poured asphalt, it is necessary to carefully observe the technology that requires maintaining the temperature of the mixture within strictly regulated limits.

Transportation of the produced asphalt mixture from the producer of poured asphalt to the place of consumption is carried out in special vehicles - cochers. Kochers are mobile tank tanks that maintain the desired state of the mixture, heating it and mixing it during transportation. Already at the facility, the delivered mixture is poured, ensuring an even distribution of the asphalt layer over the surface. The thickness of the fill layer should be in the range of 25-30 mm, for greater thickness multiple layers are required.

It is important! For mixtures laid on critical bridge structures or heavily loaded highways and city streets, it is necessary to increase the workability special additives. From this, the viscosity increases slightly, which makes manual laying inconvenient.

The cost of cast asphalt with such apparent ease of laying is an order of magnitude higher than traditional compositions and technologies, since the rise in price is due to the use of expensive bitumen and mineral powders, as well as special pavers and cochers. Therefore, the use of cast asphalt in Russia is very limited.

Attention! The VIK-95 company does not lay poured asphalt. The material is provided for informational purposes.

cast asphalt- this is one of the best types of asphalt concrete, which is only available to the modern road builder. Possessing almost the same composition as the “average” asphalt, the cast version differs in the proportions of the starting materials: it contains much larger mass fractions bitumen and bituminous materials and mineral powder than in ordinary. Reducing the amount of crushed stone and sand allows you to radically change the laying technology, throwing out a number of stages from it, as well as significantly expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200buse of the material.

Features of poured asphalt

In the "face" of cast asphalt, the construction of roads has acquired a material that is truly durable, efficient and easy to install. The increased content of bitumen (up to 10 percent versus about 5 percent in the average pavement) makes it resilient and flexible, more monolithic and completely hydrophobic. This means that even a not too prepared base for the road surface will not affect the quality of the roadbed.

In general, the most serious problem faced with road construction and landscaping, not ground insecurity, but a significant number of freeze and thaw cycles throughout the year. In Russia, this figure is about 200-300 cycles: as a result, microcracks in the road surface expand into full-fledged cracks, which turn into faults - and about quality road you can forget. Add to this the seasonal fluctuations of the soil, which are transmitted through the pavement to the asphalt, and we get the service life of the road no more than 3-4 years. Molded asphalt is not susceptible to freeze-thaw cycles, nor to seasonal movements of the base soil - after all, it is flexible and monolithic.

solidity road material - an old dream of everyone whose work is road repair and landscaping. And it is characteristic of cast asphalt almost to a greater extent than concrete cement mixtures, which go to the device of monolithic foundations. That's just concrete - not resistant to impact, and cast asphalt - how.

It would seem that with high rates of elasticity and plasticity, this type of material should be rather fragile. However, the inclusion of fine-grained gravel and crushed stone (the size of the fraction is a maximum of 20 mm, and more often even less) in the composition of the mass from mineral powder and bitumen guarantees reliable protection of the mass, which is plastic for the time being, from impacts. Moreover, not only wheeled, but also caterpillar small-sized road equipment can move along this type of road surface, which has a positive effect on the speed of road construction.

Scope of use of poured asphalt

This material completely covers the scope of conventional asphalt, with a small and medium content of bitumen. Actually, any road can be paved with poured asphalt- only the higher cost of the material compared to the "colleagues" can serve as a limitation.

As a consequence, this type of coating is mainly used where roadway presented especially high requirements. Its monolithic structure itself contributes not only to an increase in the service life, but also to the damping of vibrations when a multi-ton transport passes along the road.

Thus, the technical and operational characteristics of cast asphalt are in demand for:

• The device of a covering on parkings, parkings, the areas;
• Asphalting of bridges and flyovers;
• Laying pavement on difficult soils, whose complex geometry and the impossibility of preparing an even base make it impossible to lay standard grades of material;
• Carrying out such work as road repairs (it is simply poured into pits and cracks, where it freezes safely for 12 hours).

Mastic asphalt paving technology

We have already said that with more high price poured asphalt, the technology of its laying is somewhat simplified, which makes it possible to save.

Asphalting of roads and sites is carried out without the participation of a skating rink- the site is simply poured with asphalt (its temperature ranges from 190 to 250 degrees), which quickly spreads over the site.

During construction work in sub-zero temperatures manual or mechanical alignment is required. However, at air temperatures down to minus 5-10 degrees and a small area of ​​the surface to be poured, this is not required either - it is evenly distributed over the surface.

The only problem is the delivery of this material to the place of work. For it, special tanks are used on the chassis of trucks - the so-called kochers. The design of the coher is similar to the design of a concrete mixer on a truck chassis - the initial state of its mass is maintained by constant mixing.

1 type. Fraction of crushed stone: 15-20 mm

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2 type. Fraction of crushed stone: 10-15 mm

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3 type. Crushed stone fraction: up to 10 mm

To order

Molded asphalt price

We sell cast asphalt with delivery in Moscow and the Moscow region. The cost on the site is indicated already taking into account the delivery, however, depending on the volume of the ordered batch and the point of delivery, the price may change up or down. It is connected with progressive system discounts depending on the size of the order. We offer one of the best competitive prices for cast asphalt on the building materials market in Moscow!

Product Features

We supply cast asphalt according to GOST 54401-2011. The following are the main quality characteristics cast asphalt:

• Low thermal conductivity and water resistance;
• High adhesion with the lower layers of the coating;
• Wear resistance, durability, ability to dampen vibrations;
• Low conductivity of sound and steam;
• Low flammability, resistance to salts, aggressive media and bacteria.

In addition, poured asphalt using bitumen, which includes polymers, is characterized by the best operational characteristics than standard quality cast asphalt.

The conversion factor for poured asphalt from tons to cubic meters is 2.42