Names of apples alphabetically. The smallest apple in the world

From the south to the north of our country, the apple tree is a favorite fruit crop. People have been growing it since ancient times, and therefore there are more than 10,000 varieties of apples, old, known for a long time, new or recently brought to us! They differ in size, shape, taste of fruits: from bitter, insipid, sour to very sweet, so everyone can choose what he likes.

Apples are: summer, that is, they ripen early, usually in July, they do not lie well, the shelf life is about three weeks, in which they need to be eaten or processed.

Apples autumn categories begin to be collected in September, they can be stored until the middle of winter. Harvest late, or winter, finally ripens at the end of autumn. Apples of this category are distinguished by good keeping quality and winter hardiness.

It is curious that both autumn and winter varieties of apples can ripen during storage. We will look at the best and most popular in each category in the form of a list with illustrations so that it is possible to identify and recognize the name of the fruit from the photo.

Came from the Crimea, although now it grows in the north-eastern regions of Russia. Comes from the variety Kandil-Chinese.

Is different good winter hardiness and keeping quality, the fruits can be stored until May-June, making it very popular. Fast-growing, gives a stable, plentiful harvest of very tasty apples.

For good fruit ripening, it requires a lot of summer heat, therefore, in regions with short and rather cold summers, apples simply will not ripen. It's worth harvesting finally ripe, since unripe fruits are characteristic palatability they will not possess, and during storage they may wither, but not ripen. But in mature fruits, the maximum good taste will two to three months later.

Medium resistance to fungal diseases and drought. Suitable for use in fresh, processing into juice, compote and jam, as well as for the manufacture of dried fruits.

A well-known early-growing variety that came from Canada. Melba bears fruit literally for 3 years. This apple tree is grown almost everywhere in Russia, with the exception of Far East, the Urals and northeast Siberia.

Is different high yield. Melba's flesh is snowy, the skin is smooth. The fruits are not small, sweet and sour, with a pleasant candy aroma. Melba apples are well transported and, if stored properly, lie until November, unripe apples - until January, without losing their attractiveness and taste, which distinguishes the variety from other summer ones.

Harvest harvest late summer and early autumn. Melba does not withstand frost well, it becomes infected with scab, mature trees do not bear fruit regularly. But she is not afraid of a dry hot summer.

More than 20 new species were bred on the basis of the Melba apple tree.

Late winter, Student's harvest falls on September and first half of October. It has a particularly early fruiting period: apples appear in the second year. The variety is popular in central Russia.

The fruits are not too large, but have an attractive appearance, have a pleasant, sweet and sour taste. The apple tree tolerates frost quite well, resistant to scab. The fruits have good keeping quality, easy to save until May. They ripen for a long time, the harvest is removed in October.

Types of late apple trees

Idared apple tree - tall wood. Fruiting begins 5-6 years after planting. The apples are quite large, green in color with a yellow or red blush, pleasant taste, the flesh is dense and juicy.

Harvest harvest at the end of September, and apples lie until the beginning of spring. Brown spot resistant variety, but susceptible to powdery mildew and scab. It is used fresh, in the preparation of juice and compotes, as well as dried fruits.

A variety that begins to bear fruit 5 years after planting. The advantage is the ability to grow it in almost any climatic zone.

The fruits have a pleasant sweet and sour taste, firm and strong, juicy. Until the very harvest, the apples remain light green in color, turn yellow during storage, and a blush may appear. Scab resistant, hardy, well transported and consistently good fruiting. The harvest is taking place in September, with proper storage, apples lie until the end of spring.

Unique variety The Macintosh is from Canada. The fruits are whitish yellow or green with purple or burgundy stripes.

Fruiting begins 6-7 years after planting. Harvest harvest late September - early October, after which it lies for 2-3 weeks and only after that it is considered ripe.

Apples are moderately sweet, rich in taste. Possesses medium keeping quality, the fruits are stored until the beginning of spring and at full ripeness the flesh becomes slightly transparent. Winter hardiness and resistance to scab are average.

summer varieties

In most regions of Russia, summer is not long, and therefore summer apples are sometimes not a frequent treat. Apple trees of this category ripen early and begin to bear fruit.

To date, breeders have bred many varieties of apple trees that can be grown in regions that were previously considered unsuitable for their growth.

Summer apples are usually juicy, sweet and very tasty. Their biggest disadvantage is poor keeping quality. They are consumed fresh, juiced and canned. Let's consider the best of them.

Popular, common, old variety. Fruits of noble ivory color, hence the name. Apple tree white filling of medium height, mature tree grows up to 5 meters high, the crown is pyramidal.

White filling is winter-hardy, but is highly vulnerable to tree pests, therefore it requires regular treatments. They have a sweet and sour taste. Harvest harvest in August.

Apples spoil quickly, especially when bumped or dropped, because stored for a very short time. Therefore, it is most correct to immediately eat them or process them. Overripe fruits should not be allowed, since in this case the taste quality deteriorates noticeably, the pulp becomes mealy and almost tasteless.

The fruits of white filling deteriorate not only when falling, but even when you press them hard with your finger, they appear dark spots, the pulp loosens, becoming dry and mealy. Therefore, apples must be removed very carefully.

Another well-known variety, which is often confused with white filling. But this is not entirely correct. Although they are relatives, they still have differences. The birthplace of the apple tree Papirovka is the Baltic States. It begins to bear fruit early, already 5 years after planting.

Tolerates frost well, but unstable to scab, traces of which can be seen both on the foliage and on the apples themselves. Harvest ripens a week earlier than white filling. The pulp of the papier is white, coarse-grained, contains an increased level of ascorbic acid, therefore the taste of apples is refreshingly sour. Fairly well resists the influence of pests and diseases, but suffers from drought and frost.

Papaya fruits poorly transported and lie, are stored for about three weeks, if damaged, they quickly rot. If you want to keep them for a while, you need to harvest them unripe. Also well suited for processing and conservation.

A variety of apples obtained by the Michurin method from white filling and boxes. Apple trees are characterized by rapid development and growth, they begin to bear fruit in the 5th year, have a powerful spreading crown.

They are unpretentious, winter-hardy, which is a definite plus for many Russian regions. Pruning trees helps increase the yield, as well as the ability to form a bush from the tree. Due to frost resistance, cultivation is possible even in Siberia.

fruits ripen mid August, from one tree you can harvest up to 50 kg. The fruits are smooth, with a sweet taste and excellent presentation. Apples have a good keeping quality, can be stored for up to two months.

The main difference between winter and summer apples is that winter apples should be eaten after they have lain down for at least a month.

Apple tree withstands frosts down to -50, therefore it can be grown in many Russian regions, even in the Urals and Siberia. It is one of the most frost-resistant. They begin to bear fruit already 5 years after planting, the crop ripens in July-August, but they do not bear fruit en masse. Apples inside the crown and at the top ripen in different dates which greatly complicates the harvest.

The pulp of apples is juicy, but after picking it quickly becomes mealy. Fruit do not tolerate transportation and almost never stored. In rainy weather, they are prone to infection with scab, and in drought, the tree can even discard the fruits.

Not very suitable for preservation, because the taste of apples is sour, which will require high costs Sahara. But at the same time, they contain a lot of vitamins B and C, therefore it is better to use them fresh.

It has Canadian roots, bred by the method of natural pollination of the Moscow pear. Apples are round-oblong, slightly ribbed at the top, bright. The taste of Mantet is very sweet, almost without the presence of sourness, the flesh is white and fragrant.

ripen from the end of July to the end of August. It bears fruit early, but the fruits are stored for no more than two weeks. Trees are prone to scab can't stand frost.

As the name implies, the color of the fruit is striped, which is its distinguishing feature from other varieties. The apple tree is quite unpretentious in care, has immunity to scab, frost-resistant. When grown in almost any conditions, you can get a high yield of tasty, juicy, fragrant apples with delicate pulp.

The fruits are stored poorly, overripe and not harvested in time, the crop will simply crumble from the tree. Suitable for fresh consumption, jams and compotes.

Quinty was bred about 30 years ago in Canada, from where it came to us. It was created specifically for regions with relatively low average annual temperatures. Fruit ripening occurs early, the harvest is already harvested from mid July.

The fruits of the apple tree are small, with a persistent bright aroma and a sweetish-sour taste. Despite the early ripening of the crop, resistance to powdery mildew, drought and heat, which are the undoubted advantages of the variety, the fruits are stored for a very short time, only about two weeks. quinti apple tree not hardy and susceptible to scab.

Autumn varieties of apples

Autumn apples are the best for all types of conservation. Consider the best and most popular of them.

The variety is considered one of the best in its category. High yielding, different average winter hardiness, the planted tree begins to bear fruit at 7-8 years. Ripening in the second half of September, the fruits remain on the tree for a long time without falling off. Stored until mid-December.

Fruits of medium size, with a blurred blush, with a creamy pulp of pleasant taste.

In spite of high quality apples, the variety is not resistant to drought.

cinnamon striped

A popular and long-known variety of apples. It differs in that it begins to give abundant harvests rather late, after 14-15 years. High winter resistant long-lived variety, tolerates long-term severe frosts.

fruits with pulp cream color, high palatability and aroma of cinnamon, thanks to which they gave such a name. The harvest is taking place in September, laying time - up to two months. Apples are good for urination and jam. In rainy weather, the variety is susceptible to scab disease.

Consumer maturity, that is, the time when autumn apples can be eaten, comes after 2-3 weeks of maturation.

Winter hardy unpretentious variety with regular fruiting.

fruits ripen in early September, and can lie until November. The apple tree begins to bear fruit already from the 4th year after planting, the fruits are juicy, yellowish, of medium taste. Despite the high tolerance of low temperatures, the tree has fragile wood, the nondescript taste of the apples themselves. Fruits and leaves are susceptible to scab.

Variety Pamyat Isaev, possessing extremely high winter hardiness, high productivity. The harvest is taking place late autumn , and the collected fruits are stored until January.

Apples have a sweet and sour taste, have a not pronounced aroma, with dense, juicy and tender pulp. Scab resistant.

matures in September-October, the harvested crop of rather large fruits is stored for up to three months.

Sweet and sour apples, juicy and very tender. It begins to bear fruit early, as early as 4 years old, good disease resistance and winter hardiness.

Giving high yields frost tolerant grade. large fruits with a pleasant sweet and sour taste ripen in early September.

Winter

Apple varieties with late deadline ripening are called winter. Winter apples are valuable because you can eat them all year long.. The best varieties of this category have such good keeping quality.

Winter apples are difficult to eat immediately after picking, as they usually ripen during storage. The crop is harvested from mid-autumn, and the fruits lie until May-June.

Knight

fruits ripen in the first half of October are stored until April-May. Trees of large size, harvests are plentiful, up to 240 kg. The tree is powerful, scab and moderate frost resistance. Therefore, it requires special attention in the winter, and also requires regular spraying.

The fruits are quite large, with excellent taste. Stored until May, suitable both for raw consumption and for all processing methods.

Growing winter varieties of apples is more difficult due to the small amount of heat, unlike summer and autumn ones. For this reason, they need more careful care and regular feeding.

A well-known and popular variety. It has quite a few types: white, ribbed, gray, striped and so on. All of them are characterized by high, but not regular yields. Frost-resistant and well tolerate other climatic troubles.

The fruits have a characteristic aroma of high intensity, sweet with sour taste, juicy and crispy flesh.

Harvest off in the first decade of October. Depending on the method of storage, apples of this variety lie: in the refrigerator - until December, in the basement - until December. They eat it fresh, and also process it into jam, marmalade and marshmallow, make compotes and juices.

Apple varieties are drought tolerant, strong wind. Trees grow very tall with medium to large green fruits. different shades. A distinctive sign is the formation of a brown tint on the fruits.

Possess very high keeping quality are kept until the summer. The harvest of juicy fruits with a spicy, slightly giving wine, sweet taste is removed in September-October. Suitable mainly for fresh consumption.

A variety that can endure the coldest winters. Highly frost resistant.

When ripe, the fruits turn red, have a pleasant tangible aroma, juicy and sweet. It is not uncommon for apples to have a wax coating, which helps to increase the keeping quality of the fruit.

Harvesting falls on late September-early October I, and apples can be stored almost until the end of spring. You can eat them after 2 months of lying, when they are fully ripe.

Sinap (Kandil) Orlovsky

The trees are quite large, with large fruits of almost the same size. Apples are green with a blush, sweet with a slight sourness. Harvest harvest at the end of September, apples lie until spring.

Bred in the Volga region, because tolerates both severe frosts and drought. Scarlet begins to bear fruit quite late, 6-7 years after planting, bringing abundant harvests.

The harvest is taking place In November, keeping quality is limited to two months. An unpretentious apple tree, but when the weather is too wet, the fruits and leaves become infected with scab.

Ripe fruits are almost completely covered with a scarlet blush, small in size, and have a good taste.

The sweetest and most delicious fruits and their names

Adults and especially children are very fond of eating a delicious, sweet apple. The most famous in this category is the white pour and candy we talked about earlier. In addition to them, there are still popular varieties of this category.

winter hardy precocious type. Due to its large size, the tree is able to withstand fairly large fruits. Apples are sweet, with very fragrant, but not too dense pulp.

Harvest off at the beginning of October, and the fruits lie until the end of February. Possessing excellent taste data and presentation, it is also resistant to scab.

Sweet bliss

Medium-sized tree with sweet and sour fruits of a rounded shape of a small size. Light blush apples are characterized by excellent aroma, sweet dessert taste without the presence of sourness.

Resists adverse factors well environment. Is different high frost resistance.

The fruits are small, cylinder-like, yellow in color, with a very sweet taste and pleasant aroma. The yield is average.

Nectar

summer winter-hardy grade. Fruits of medium and large size are sweet, with a slight sourness and honey flavor. Ripening occurs in late August and lasts for a month.

Winter hardiness is very high, withstands frosts down to -40. Good immunity to diseases and resistance to pests.

Grown in middle lane Russia, Belarus and the Baltics. summer ripening, tolerates frost well.

The yield is average, and the tree begins to bear fruit quite late. Fruit small size, very fragrant, with a honey-sweet taste. The foliage and the apples themselves are resistant to scab. ripen at the end of July-beginning of August. However, the keeping quality is low, they are stored for a month.

Lungwort

Variety with uneven maturation, harvested in the second half of August. The taste of apples improves after a short rest, becoming even more honey-sweet. Taste qualities remain unchanged for a long time.

Best Greens

Green, with a sour taste, green apples are considered most beneficial to health and with diets. Among them is the most popular Simirenko Renet variety, as well as papirovka, antonovka and white filling, described above, and others.

Probably the most popular winter variety of green apples right now, which is difficult to confuse with others due to its bright, shiny green color and tough peel. Released in Australia. The taste of the fruits is very juicy with a pleasant sourness, they are considered dietary due to the low sugar content.

Late ripening, ripens by the end of autumn. The fruits are large and have no fragrance, which is their specialty. They tolerate transportation well and can be stored for a long time. frost-resistant, with regular abundant fruiting. However, with a lack of heat and light, the fruits become smaller and turn yellow.

Granny Smith is the most popular apple for weight loss diet.

Pepin saffron

Variety does not have good frost resistance and in severe colds it freezes slightly, although after a good time it recovers. For regular fruiting, it requires regular pruning, it brings the first crops 5-7 years after planting.

Apples are sweet, with an interesting grape and spicy flavor, with a bright aroma. Have a good keeping quality, from the moment of collection in October perfectly stored until March, retaining their taste.

Golden Delicious

Despite the yellowish color, the variety still belongs to this category. Apple tree tolerates frost well, but drought tolerance is low.

Dense, very juicy fruits with a sweet taste are harvested From september and keep until March. Lying has a positive effect on the taste, making it even more tender.

Best Reds

Beautiful, bright apples will decorate any table and seem especially tasty. The best varieties in the category are the following.

Florina

French variety, resistant to scab. Large, slightly flattened apples ripen in October. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 6, but good harvests are harvested only at 8-10.

The quality of the fruits is very high: sweet, juicy, with signs of sourness, become even sweeter during maturation. Well transported and stored until March. Frost and drought tolerance medium.

Variety with large, bright red fruits of a beautiful shape. Excellent taste, appearance, but resistance to scab of an average level. The tree begins to bear fruit 5 years after planting, but yields significant yields only by 10 years.

Red Delicious

An early-growing variety, the first crops can be harvested after 3-4 years. Need to do it at the end of September, and the fruits lie until the end of winter, with proper storage until April.

The apples are rich, bright red in color, with a dense skin, sweet, with a slight iron aftertaste, juicy and crunchy. They are well transported, resistant to mechanical damage, but are affected by bitter spot during storage. It has no resistance to scab, but frost resistance average.

Late winter variety native to America. It is also known to gardeners under other names: winter horoshavka, winter red, oslamovskoe. You need to grow on moist soils, only under this condition can you get good yields. The tree is resistant to both scab and powdery mildew.

Fruits with a pleasant, sour taste with sweetness and a bright aroma in the middle of September. It tolerates transportation and storage well, lies until mid-spring.

Jonathan fruit is most often mentioned in culinary recipes and used in baking.

Lobo

The variety originated from the Macintosh, and therefore has its properties: rich red color, excellent taste. The variety is distinguished by annual fruiting with a noticeable increase in yield, the first can be removed after 3-4 years.

Tolerates frost well and drought tolerant, but moderately resistant to disease.

The best varieties of apples for the Moscow region and the middle lane

The region near Moscow is characterized by an unstable climate, a short summer and a lack of light. Therefore, the varieties that are best suited for cultivation should be hardy, unpretentious and frost-resistant.

Among the summer varieties are suitable: Moscow pear, lungwort, candy, cinnamon striped, which were mentioned above. As well as autumn varieties of apples.

autumn

Zhigulevskoe

The first fruits are harvested 5-6 years after planting, the harvest is plentiful, but decreases over the years.

Characteristic features of the variety are very large fruit. But it is better to plant in southern areas, because the variety does not tolerate frost and weakly resists scab. matures in September, and harvested apples lie for up to two months.

cinnamon new

Another autumn variety of apples suitable for growing in the Moscow region. The first harvest is taken quite late after planting, closer to 6-7 years. At first, the trees bear fruit regularly, over the years the yield increases, but becomes irregular.

The fruits are small, juicy, fragrant, with bright spots. in the middle of September They keep for about three months. winter hardy, pest resistant variety.

Among the winter varieties suitable for growing in this region, it is worth noting the already described Antonovka, Pepin Saffron, Borovinka, Long, Kandil Orlovsky and some others.

Star

Variety with average winter hardiness but good resistance to scab and various pests. Fruiting begins at the earliest - after 5 years of cultivation, a crop of light striped fruits is harvested in the fall and stored for about six months.

Good, frost-resistant variety with excellent resistance to pests and various diseases.

After 5-7 years, you can take a good harvest, the apples are large, sweet and sour, green with a bright blush. ripen in September-October, with proper storage lie up to April.

Early

Delight

Semi-dwarf autumn variety, bears fruit well from the 3rd year of growth. A fast-growing, high-yielding apple tree with medium-sized red fruits. Due to the thickened crown, the size of the apples is different, their taste is sweet and sour. Especially valuable for immunity to scab and good frost resistance.

By the third year of cultivation, good yields of sweet and sour apples can be harvested. Frost resistant and scab, loves top dressing, but it is necessary to deal with aphids.

Dwarf tree, yellow fruit in the second half of August are kept for a month.

The described varieties of apples are considered the best, because they are very successful and popular with many gardeners. By planting summer, autumn and winter varieties together, you can enjoy delicious fruits a whole year.

In today's world, there are many different varieties of apples. Each gardener is trying to choose the right variety of apple trees, with the goal of collecting as many crops as possible, which will not only be to your taste, but will also suit the timing of fruiting.

This article will help you familiarize yourself with some of them and make the right choice.

Melba

The crown of the tree is oval, medium height. A distinctive feature that is characteristic of this type of apple trees is a large number of crops and the ability to harvest fruits annually. The tree begins to bear fruit 5-6 years after planting in the soil.

The fruit has a round-conical shape, weight 100-120 g and a greenish-white color with a bright red blush. The taste is sweet and sour. The apple ripens at the end of August and can be stored for 30 days. Also, this variety is characterized by excellent transportability.

Paping

The height of this tree is medium. The densely leafy crown has a rounded oval shape. A distinctive feature of the apple tree is that it begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting in the ground and yields annually.

The fruits ripen in mid-August and are stored for 10-15 days, and also have low transportability. This fruit has a round-conical shape, its weight reaches 100 g. The fruit tastes sweet and sour. This variety of apple trees has an average winter hardiness, is resistant to pests and diseases (with the exception of scab).

Stark Earliest

Tree of medium height and compact pyramidal shape. You can harvest apple trees of this variety almost every year. After planting the apple tree in the ground, the fruits will appear for 4-5 years. Ripening begins in August. Apples have a round-conical shape, a shelf life of up to 20 days and a weight of up to 100 g.

Apples are highly transportable. The entire surface of the fruit has a bright red color. This variety is highly resistant to frost, slightly affected by powdery mildew and scab.

Autumn varieties

Anise striped

The homeland of this variety is the Volga region. The crown of the apple tree is broad-pyramidal or rounded, the tree is tall. Its feature is that it has a high yield and low precocity. The fruit has a smooth and shiny surface, as well as a flat-round bulbous shape.

Its weight reaches from 70 to 90 g, the fruit tastes sour-sweet. This variety of apple trees has high winter hardiness and drought resistance, resistance to scab is average.

Bessemyanka Michurinskaya

The apple tree has medium or high growth, and also has a compact dense crown and high yield. A distinctive feature of this variety is a large shedding and fruit ripening at the same time. The size of the fruit is average, the weight reaches 133 g.

The shape of the fruit is flat-round, the skin is smooth with a high intensity of wax coating. The taste of the apple is sour with a subtle sweet note. The fruits of this variety are high in vitamin C.

Zhigulevskoe

Apple trees of this variety grow mostly tall. Their advantages include the fact that they are fast-growing (they begin to bear fruit 5-6 years after planting) and have a high level of productivity. The size of the fruit is larger than average, weight is from 200 to 250 g.

The skin of the fruit is smooth and strong, the flesh is juicy and dense. The taste of an apple is sweet and sour. The tree has average winter hardiness. The leaves of the apple tree are less resistant to scab than the fruits.

Green varieties

Antonovka ordinary

Antonovka is one of the most popular varieties apples. Apple trees are tall trees with rounded and elongated crowns.

It is almost impossible to confuse Antonovka with other trees - the distinguishing features are branches located close to the trunk, oval asymmetrical leaves, bright brown shoot bark and white flowers.

Usually the fruits are large, oval and begin to ripen closer to mid-autumn. If you follow all the storage rules, apples can retain their original appearance for up to 2-3 months.

White filling

White filling is considered an analogue of Papirovki, because. they are similar both in appearance and taste. The height of the trees is usually from 3-5 meters, they are considered medium-sized.

The crown of apple trees at a young age is pointed, with time it acquires a rounded shape. The leaves are oval and bright green, the petioles are elongated. Apples are small, their mass rarely exceeds 80-100 g. The fruits usually ripen by the end of August and are stored for no more than 3 months.

Amber

Amber has a unique sweet and sour taste, which makes it no less popular. Apple trees are able to tolerate severe frosts, but with a minimum amount of precipitation, because. fruits and leaves can be significantly affected. winding and slender trees with thin and long shoots are painted gray - brown.

The fruits are small, have a distinctive amber-yellow skin. The pulp of apples has a creamy-milky hue. Fruit ripening begins in late summer - early autumn and ends by mid-September.

Pyramidal varieties

Ostankino

Ostankino is an early winter variety, the fruits of which can be reaped in the first half of autumn. The trees are small, medium-sized and compact. Shoots of medium thickness, leaves are long, green and rounded.

The fruits are large bright red color, their mass can reach 250-300 grams. Apples are firm and can be stored up to late autumn. The pulp is white, fine-grained and very juicy.

The president

The apple tree of this variety is a wonderful decoration of the garden. Despite the fact that the height of the trees rarely exceeds 2 meters, they are noticeable in any part of the garden. Distinctive features are a thick trunk, large white flowers, a long branched crown and dark green oval leaves.

Apples are large, there are a lot of them - usually up to 15 kg can be collected from one tree. The fruits are yellow-pink, turnip-shaped. A huge advantage of the apple tree is its frost resistance, which allows you to endure frosts down to -30 degrees.

Constellation

Constellation is a winter variety, with apples up to 150 grams in size. The color of the fruit combines dark red and lilac shades. The trees are of medium height, with few branches and dark green and oblong leaves. Apples are large, sweet and sour, with yellowish flesh.

Trees are resistant to low temperatures and can withstand up to -40 degrees. In addition, they are highly immune to various diseases therefore do not require annual special treatment.

The best varieties

Bogatyr

Apple trees are usually tall, with a spreading crown. The advantage of this variety is that you can harvest fruits every year, while the yield is consistently high. Ripe apples have crispy, fine-grained flesh. They become ripe in early autumn, but it is recommended to harvest not earlier than October, but before the onset of cold weather.

After picking, you should refrain from consuming apples (due to the dense pulp) and wait a couple of months. Fruit weight 160-400 g, sweet and sour taste. This variety is one of the winter varieties.

Bratchud

Trees of this variety are dwarf (2-2.5 m high). A distinctive feature is that it is possible to harvest the crop in the 3-4th year after planting in the soil, as well as the fact that apple trees need pollination. Has a high yield. The fruits should be harvested in September.

Storage of apples is possible until mid-February. The weight of the fetus reaches 110-160 g, in rare cases 200-250 g. The taste of apples is sweet and sour. The trees are frost hardy and also resistant to bark diseases.

northern synapse

Trees of this variety are of two types: dwarf and tall. In tall apple trees, the crown is wide with an average density. The difference of this species lies in the fact that the variety has the ability to form an ovary without the help of cross-pollination, but at the same time the yield level will not decrease.

The fruits grow juicy with a sweet-sour taste, the weight of which reaches 95-150 g. They become ripe in mid-autumn, but apples should be picked after leaf fall. The harvest, harvested at the right time, will delight you with its taste until the beginning of summer. Frost resistance of trees is high. Almost get sick.

You can learn more about the above and other types of apples from the following video:

All varieties of apple trees are a real pantry of vitamins and mineral salts for the human body. The fruits are best consumed raw, but their use in cooking brings out the amazing taste of these red, yellow, green and variegated fruits. They make casseroles, bake pies and cakes, cook preserves, jams, desserts and compotes. Apples are added to salads and the finest variety of wines is prepared from them.

Having given a person different varieties of apple trees, nature made sure that this fruit contained a huge amount of useful substances. According to the content of minerals and nutritional components, fruits are in the top ten vitamin giants our century.

• The content of vitamin C, which is very necessary for strengthening immunity, recuperating after an illness, and preventing poisons from entering the body, in apples is 20 mg per 100 g. Eating two fruits of different varieties of apple trees a day, in the morning and in the evening, a person receives half the daily requirement for this vitamin.
• Contained in different varieties malic, citric and tartaric acids, getting into the intestines, stop the putrefactive processes. Since the fruits are rich in fiber and dietary fiber, to normalize the work of the digestive tract, it is enough to eat one large apple on an empty stomach.
• Potassium, which apples contain 278 mg per 100 g of product, provides many life processes and regulates the functioning of the heart muscle.
• Iron contributes to the formation of red blood cells and prevents the development of iron deficiency anemia.

In order to be able to eat beautiful bulk apples from early spring to late autumn, each owner of a small or big garden selects varieties of apple trees so that they bear fruit throughout this period.

Depending on the timing of ripening and the time of preservation of the harvested fruits, apple varieties are divided into types summer, autumn, winter and late winter.

• Summer varieties are removed from the tree in late July, early August. Such apples are eaten immediately, they reach ripeness, but they are stored only for a month.
• Autumn apple trees give a harvest in September, their fruits are stored a little longer - from one to three months.
• Winter varieties of apple trees give fruits at the end of the first month of autumn, they can be stored in cellars for storage. Such fruits will last, and will delight with their taste until January, February.
• There is a variety of apples that will ripen at the end of October. This variety is called late winter. The fruits of such trees do not gain taste immediately, they reach maximum ripeness gradually, during storage, which can successfully last until the end of March.

Variety "Anise sweet" or "Terentievka". This kind of apples came to us from the depths of time. The crown of the tree is densely filled with branches that form a neat pyramid. When the tree reaches the age of 5–6 years, the annual ripening of fruits weighing 45–55 years begins. Fruits are juicy, yellow-green in color with a striped brown blush. Fruits are not subject to storage, a maximum of two to three weeks. They belong to the early varieties of apple trees.

Variety "Papirovka" or "Alabaster". He came to us from the Baltic republics. The tree has a rounded crown, the bark does not tolerate straight lines. sun rays, in a sunny dry summer there is a massive shedding of the crop. Sometimes there is a scab infection. Begins to bear fruit in 5-6 years. As long as the copy of the young fruits ripen every year. Light yellow fruits of medium juiciness have a rounded flattened shape and weight up to 80 g. The surface of the fruit is ribbed with one main seam. Not subject to storage.

Variety "Red ripening". This variety was bred by a domestic amateur gardener. Medium growth, rounded trees are winter hardy and high yields. Spherical, slightly ribbed fruits reach a weight of 80 g. Sweet-sour fruits with greenish flesh ripen at the end of August and can be stored for up to a month.

"Grushovka Moscow" refers to the old, time-tested varieties with good frost resistance. High-yielding trees are cone-shaped and begin to yield from the fifth year of growth. Fruits taste sweet and sour, yellow-green with a blush, weighing up to 50 g, having juicy and granular flesh. The ripening period of apples is extended in time from early to mid-August.

"Pearl". The variety was bred by scientists from the Michurin Institute. These are low trees with a rounded, slightly flattened shape, they resist frost well. The fruits of the variety ripen in the second decade of August, have a short shelf life (about a month). Bright yellow apples with a brown petiole. The pulp of the fruit is sour in taste, the color on the cut is white.

Canadian breeders gave the world the Quinty variety. Apples contain in their chemical composition, a high content of vitamin C. The tree bears fruit in early August, the fruits are stored for up to three weeks. The fruits are yellow with red, have creamy flesh.

Trees of another varieties from Canada "Mantet" from round crown successfully resist small frosts, but do not withstand strong ones. The standard start of fruiting in the fifth year allows you to collect sweet and sour fruits with a striped red bloom. They have the longest shelf life - up to eight weeks. Ripens at the end of August.

Autumn tree varieties

Fruits of the variety "Autumn Joy" ripen in early September and are stored for up to three months. A very productive type of apple trees, it resists scab infection well. Large large fruits have a sweet and sour taste at the same time.

Variety "Young naturalist" begins to produce apples already in the third year of life, the yields are high, but there are unfruitful seasons. The crown of the trees is round, the fruits are removed at the beginning of the first month of autumn and stored until the end of winter. Apples weighing up to 100 g, taste sweet and sour. They have a green color with a yellow tint, the flesh is white.

Variety "Bessemyanka Michurinskaya" characterized by large fruits up to 130 g of weight, rounded-elongated shape, without seeds or with a minimum amount. The apples on the tree ripen in August, in different time. Fragrant sweet fruits with a sour tint remain unchanged in the cellars until January.

Winter varieties, long storage

One of the remarkable results of selection is variety "Rossiyanka", which was bred from the famous Antonovka variety and absorbed all its best qualities, and even multiplied them. This variety is valuable for its high content of ascorbic acid up to 40 g and rutin 23 g. Fragrant yellow fruits with brown veins can be stored in storage suitable for food until May of next year. Compared to Antonovka, this variety has a more sweet than sour taste. Trees bear fruit annually and give a good yield.

Next variety "Folk" differs from others in the rapid onset of maturation, the fruits appear already on next year after planting and then regular high yields are observed. Apples ripen at the end of summer, but are stored without damage until the middle of winter. Fruits of medium size, original aroma and sweet taste with a sour tint.

Varieties of dwarf apple trees

If a varietal cutting is grafted not to a rootstock that has grown from seeds, but to a dwarf rootstock, then a variety is obtained. bonsai with all the necessary properties of the mother plant. You need to make a lot of effort on your own, so ready-made dwarf seedlings are commercially available.

The root system is fibrous and the roots are small, unlike ordinary trees. The benefit from dwarf varieties is obvious - they occupy less space with the same yield and preservation of the main parameters of the variety.

Variety "Wonderful", despite its dwarf origin, allows you to get up to 75 kg of fruit from one tree. The fruits are large, weigh 140 g, ribbed. The color is green with a golden hue and a dark red blush. Such picturesque fruits are harvested already in the fourth year of tree growth.

Variety "Zhigulevskoe" begins fruiting from the third year of planting. Large orange-red fruits have an excellent taste and aroma, are stored in the refrigerator for six months.

The yield of the next dwarf varieties "Earthly" is 130 kg per tree. Large fruits of 145–150 g are distinguished by a sour tint, painted in green color with a bright red barrel. It tolerates very low temperatures well.

sweet and sour dwarf apple variety "Sokolovskoe" distinguished by an unusually large size of the fruit. On a newly planted young tree, their weight reaches 350 g, and on old specimens up to 200 g. The appearance of fruits on a tree is timed to the fourth year of life. The fruits on the tree do not ripen, they gain ripeness in the removed form only by the beginning of the first frost.

"Grushevka Podmoskovye" gives a harvest every year with small apples up to 100 kg per bush. Harvest taken from the apple tree is resistant to decay. The trees are frost-resistant, do not become infected with scab, give a harvest in the 5th year.

From the dwarf apple tree "Kovrovoe" you can get a crop for the 4th year of grafting. It has a good yield (up to 120 kg). Large fruits weighing 200-270 yellow-green in color with a smooth surface. The fruits are stored until January.

Variety "No. 57–146" differs in the reddish color of the crown with a tint. Very winter-hardy variety, good survival. Small apples are densely located on thin branches, which sometimes leads to breaking off. The large branching of the tree implies regular substantial pruning of the crown.

The sweetest types of apple trees

The sweetness of a fruit depends on the amount of sugar contained in the fruit. In the southern varieties of apples acids contain less (about 0.3%), and in Central Russian this figure reaches 0.9%. Accordingly, sugars contain 10–10% and 8–9%. Varieties have been developed that grow in the middle latitude, but have a sugar index higher than that of heat-loving species (12.5%). These include "Oktyabrenok", "Dream", "Slavyanka", "Narodnoye", "Orlik", "Vityaz". These apples are truly sweet in taste.

"Variety Pepin saffron" characterized by low yield and small fruits. Because of this, he was no longer included in the planning of gardens, and they are becoming less common. Trees of this species are very frost-resistant and are distinguished by longevity.

'Arcade Yellow' produces medium-sized light yellow fruit in the shape of a glass. Sweet fruits ripen in early August. Trees are unstable to scab disease and do not give a very high yield per specimen.

Variety "Mironchik" a very long lifespan of a tree (up to a hundred years) is distinguished. These varieties are also not very common in gardens. Until now, they can be found in northwestern regions. They ripen at the end of August on wide sprawling trees, they are stored for a month. The taste is distinguished by an absolute sweet taste without a sour tinge. A feature is a small bitterness. These fruits are for everybody. Their yellow color is lined with red strokes over the entire surface.

Another characteristic kind of sweet apples "Korobovka". The crown of the trees is quite rare round spherical shape. The fruits are small, yellow-red in color, contain 13% sugars. The taste of apples is sweet, with a slight honey tinge. Trees begin to bear fruit late, only for 7 years. They tolerate frost well and are immune to scab. It ripens in early August, and can be eaten earlier.

Types of harmful insects and ways to deal with them

• Insects bark beetles, mites, scale insects bother apple trees most. They are very fond of hiding under the bark of trees and it is very difficult to get and destroy them without damaging the surface of the plant trunk.
• Not only the bark attracts pests, there are a huge number of caterpillars and beetles that eat all the green foliage, flowers and ovaries that they meet on their way.
• Fruit ripening and harvesting a good harvest are hindered by fruit pests that devour the pulp of apples. This does not threaten the health of the tree, but an uncultivated garden can bring much less than a full-fledged harvest to its owner.
• Garden aphid species feed on plant sap and cause significant harm to both the plant itself and future fruiting.

To get the intended number of apples, the garden is treated with special chemicals:

It is almost impossible to list all varieties of apple trees. Breeding scientists are working on creating new types of fruit, improve their yield, storage period and resistance to diseases and pests.

The birthplace of apples is rightfully considered Central Asia. The fruits of this fruit tree can be different in color, size and taste. In gardens, you can often find yellow, green, red, as well as multi-colored fruits, which can reach a weight of 70 to 350 grams each. The most useful and delicious are red apples, which are rich in vitamins and macronutrients.

Distinctive features

The apple tree is one of the most common fruit trees in Russia. A red apple can be called a decoration of the garden. The foliage of this tree has an oblong shape and a green color. The tree blooms with beautiful white flowers. Apples of these varieties can be colored in different shades of red and have white, cream and red flesh, depending on the variety.

This fruit is unusually rich in vitamins B, C, A, E, K. In addition, the composition is characterized by a high content of iron, unlike green and yellow apples, as well as magnesium, potassium and phosphorus, organic acids and protein. The use of red apples is an opportunity not only to add strength to the body and strengthen the immune system, but also to improve vision, the functioning of the stomach, intestines, heart, and liver. Red apples are rich in easily digestible iron, which is useful for saturating the blood.

The appearance of these healthy fruits is quite attractive, so red apples are often grown for trade. Fulfilling simple rules tree care, every summer resident or gardener will be able to grow a plant that will provide him with an unusually useful product.

apple classification

Like any other crop grown in our country, red apples can differ from each other in terms of ripening, color, size, taste, shape, resistance to diseases and low temperatures, so you should carefully study all the characteristics of the plant before planting.

By maturity

Early

Early varieties of this fruit are also called summer. Often they are used for fresh consumption.

But for processing, canning and sales, the early red apple is used quite often. The most popular of these varieties can be called the following.

1. Vista Bella. The tree of this variety is quite tall, characterized by a dense crown. The fruits are round, slightly flattened, weighing from 150 to 200 grams. The peel has a significant density, it is colored red and covered with yellow-green spots. White flesh is pleasant to the taste, sweet with a sour taste. The tree is characterized by low resistance to low temperatures.
2. "Red Early" gives fragrant crops already in late July - early August. The tree of this variety has a small size and crown. The fruits are not large, very tasty and attractive in appearance. The plant is self-pollinating and begins to bear fruit by the fourth year of life. "Red early" refers to drought-resistant varieties. Of the minuses of the variety, one can single out the shedding of ripe fruits, a decrease in the size of the fruit over time

Mid-season

Red apples with mid-season fruiting can be stored for one to three months. The harvest time is at the end of summer - the beginning of the first autumn month. These fruits are great for seaming and freezing, but adults and children prefer to eat them fresh. The following mid-ripening varieties of red apple are interesting.

Late

Late varieties of red apple are also commonly called winter. They are usually grown for sale. Fruits are characterized by excellent commercial qualities and transportability. Popular winter varieties.

1. "Gloucester York" considered a dessert variety of apples, its homeland is Germany. Fruit ripening occurs by the end of September. Fruits have a red skin, they are large, they can weigh about 200 grams. The fruit with a conical shape pleases the consumer with a sweet taste, in which a subtle sourness appears. The plant begins to bear fruit in the fifth year of life, yielding a crop of about 70 kilograms. The disadvantages of the variety include its low resistance to diseases and the need for the presence of a pollinator. Gloucester York - winter-hardy variety.
2. "Jonathan" characterized by small fruits, which in weight reach 130 grams. The fruits have a conical shape, rounded at the top. The main color is red, but sometimes you can see the presence of orange stripes. The pulp is crispy, with a pleasant bright aroma. The tree is small, but its crown is thick and wide. The fruits keep well until May. Depending on climatic conditions and care, the yield of the variety ranges from 18 to 85 kilograms per tree.
3. "Liberty". This variety of red apples was the result of the work of American breeders. The fruit is medium in size and can reach 150 grams in weight. The shape of the apples is round, they have a thin dark cherry skin. Juicy and dense pulp is pleasant in taste, characterized by sweetness with a slight sourness.

By yield

When choosing a red apple variety for planting, each owner wants to end up with abundant harvests of fragrant fruits. But not only the characteristics of the plant play a role in the volume of the crop, watering, feeding and pruning the tree are also important. Of the highest yielding varieties, the following can be distinguished.

1. "Melba". Apples of the variety are small in size, round in shape, tender flesh with a juicy texture and wine sweet taste. The first harvest of fruit can be carried out in the third year of the life of the apple tree in July or early August. "Melba" bears fruit regularly, the yield is about 150 kilograms of apples from one tree.
2. "Stark-Erlist" - It is an early summer variety of red apple. The fruits are rounded, colored orange red color with stripes. The pulp is characterized by roughness, medium juiciness. The plucked fruit is stored very little. "Stark-Erlist" gives regular abundant harvests of apples, which are about 140 kilograms per plant.
3. "Saffron summer"- A high yielding fruit variety. The fruits of the apple tree are characterized by a flat-round shape and excellent taste. Fruits do not last long. This variety is resistant to drought, scab.

To size

The main indicators of an apple variety are the weight and size of its fruits. Taking into account these characteristics, the following varieties of red apples are distinguished depending on the size of the fruit.

1. Small-fruited. The fruits of these varieties weigh from 10 to 50 grams. These include the following types: “Long”, “Chinese Saninskaya”, “Purple Ranetka”.
2. Medium sized varieties characterized by fruits from 50 to 100 grams in weight. These include Loiko, Melba, Macintosh.
3. large fruit trees give fruits weighing over 100 grams - this is the variety "Persian", "Idared", "Antey".

By winter hardiness

Each region has its own climatic features, which should be considered when choosing a red apple variety for planting. In a harsh and cold climate, frost-resistant varieties should be preferred.

1. "Altai Crimson". This is an autumn apple variety, the fruits of which are stored for about two months. The yield of the plant is from 20 to 40 kilograms per season. The fruit has a sweet and sour taste and weighs about 30 grams.
2. "Bayan", which ripens by the beginning of September. Fruits are characterized by keeping quality up to four months. The first harvest can be harvested for 3-4 years of tree life. The variety is high-yielding, but this indicator is periodic. Apples have a dense structure, good juiciness, pleasant aroma, while they weigh from 80 to 140 grams.
3. "Treasured". This variety belongs to winter and fast-growing. The fruits of the apple tree are small, but can be stored for about five months. The fruit is juicy, sweet and sour in taste, has strawberry notes.
4. "Spartan". The plant produces a crop by September, which can be stored until spring. Fruiting is characterized by generosity, but unevenness. The pulp has great juiciness, it is crispy with a pronounced wine aroma.

For resistance to pests

1. "In memory of Tikhomirov". The variety is resistant to infections, as well as low temperatures. At the end of summer, it gives its owners a bountiful harvest of sweet, juicy fruits with creamy flesh.
2. "Lungwort"- high-yielding variety of red apple. The fruits are tasty and have a characteristic honey smell. The immunity of this variety to pests, as well as scab and rot, is quite high.

By zoning region

For the Moscow region and central Russia, where the climate is unstable, there is not enough light and a short summer period, These types of apples are best suited.

For the Urals and Siberia, it is worth choosing those varieties of apples that have good frost resistance, drought resistance, are rarely attacked by pests and diseases, and have early fruit ripening. It is recommended to plant "Aksenu", "Vem-souvenir", "Anis Sverdlovsky" in this territory.

You will learn more about frost-resistant varieties of apples that can be grown in Siberia in the following video.

The apple tree is considered an ancient fruit tree with wide choice varieties, which is why it is often difficult for a gardener to make a choice in favor of a particular plant. It's no secret that everyone would like to get abundant regular apple harvests without spending a lot of effort.

First of all, it is worth deciding on the use of fruits. If they will be consumed only fresh or processed immediately after collection, then the choice should be stopped at early varieties. If apples are grown for sale and there is a desire to store them all winter, then a late plant variety is the best fit for this.

It is also worth taking into account the climatic features of the territory, temperature changes, the severity of winters and the dryness of summers. If the climate of the territory does not suit the culture, then all the efforts of the gardener will be in vain, as a result, you may not get a crop at all.

If you decide to supplement your garden with an apple tree that produces red fruits, then study the characteristics of the variety in detail. Only the right choice will allow you to get a healthy and tasty harvest every year.

The first step in an appraisal is to determine pomological variety of apples. For this, the following identification features are studied:

Morphological structure of the fetus provides for the study of the following features: location of the heart; condition of the seed chambers (closed or open): structure, depth and color of the funnel; length, thickness, attachment strength and characteristics of the peduncle; depth, width and ribbing of the saucer (located at the top of the fruit); the structure of the cup located in the saucer (open, closed, half-open); width, depth and shape of the subcup tube:

Organoleptic indicators - there is a combination of sweet and sour taste, a characteristic of aromatic substances that form the smell; the complex of these indicators is characterized as a harmonious, inharmonious, gentle, rough and sharp combination, individual characteristic shades of taste and aroma are indicated;

Pulp color - the most characteristic is white, green, yellow and pink and their various shades are less common;

The structure of the peel - it can be thin, rough, oily with varying degrees of waxy coating; some varieties are characterized by the presence of subcutaneous spotting; resistance to mechanical damage and damage by phytopathogens depends on the thickness and consistency of the skin and wax layer:

Peel coloring it can be basic (white, different shades of green and yellow) and integumentary (stripes, dots, blurred blush, red color of different tones), which depends on the content of dyes, anthocyanins and flavonoids, which are formed under the influence of sunlight: fruits grown on the side illuminated by the sun, always have a more intense color; some varieties do not have integumentary color (Antonovka, Golden Deli neck);

fruit shape is an important identification feature, it is round, flat-round, flat, cylindrical, wide-cylindrical, ovoid, round-conical, elongated-conical, conical, wide-conical and bell-shaped. The shape is determined by the location of the largest transverse diameter of the fruit and the shape index (the ratio of the height of the fruit to its largest transverse diameter); the most common varieties of fruits are round (the diameter is wounded or greater than the height of the fruit), oval (the diameter is less than the height of the fruit), flat (the largest diameter is in the middle of the fruit, the width of the fruit is much greater than its height), cylindrical shape(the largest diameter is in the middle of the fruit, the height of the fruit is greater than its width), conical shape (the largest diameter is much lower than the middle of the fruit), etc.;

Fruit size - one of the significant identification varietal characteristics. By weight or largest transverse diameter, the fruits are calibrated into fractions: very small - weight up to 25 g (diameter 25-30 mm) - Kitaiki, Ranetki; small - 26-50 g (diameter 35-40) - Chinese gold early; below average - 51-75 g (41-50) - Lithuanian Pepinka; medium 76-100 g (51-55) - Sary Senap, Pepin saffron; above average - 101-125 g (56-60) - include many zoned varieties of the middle zone; large - 126-175 g (61-75) - Antonovka ordinary, Renet Simirenko; very large - more than 176 g (more than 76 mm) - Bellefleur-Chinese, Aport Alexander.

Large fruits enjoy greater consumer preferences, however, the pulp of large fruits is looser, as it consists of larger cells; such fruits are more easily injured during collection and storage, ripen faster, less stale compared to medium-sized fruits, in which the pulp is more dense.

Identification of pomological varieties by maturity

All pomological varieties of fruits of industrial horticulture are conditionally divided into summer (ripening July-August), autumn (reach maturity in late August-early September) and winter (late September-early October).

Within each group there are also differences in terms of ripening, they make up intermediate subgroups, for example, early summer and late summer. When growing the same variety in different geographical areas, ripening dates may be mixed.

Summer varieties of apples

summer varieties- dessert apples, sweet and sour and sweet taste, ripen, as a rule, in middle zone Russia in July-August. The fruits ripen on the tree and are suitable for consumption immediately after harvesting, are removed 4-5 days before full maturity, have a low level of keeping quality - up to 30 days, are characterized by poor transportability and storability, quickly overripe and acquire a loose texture. They are characterized by a tendency to anaerobic respiration, therefore they are subject to physiological damage. The characteristics of the most common varieties are presented below.

Melba(azure) - fruits are round or round-conical in shape, slightly ribbed. The main color of the fruit is greenish-porcelain with a red striped blush. The pulp is white, juicy. the taste is sweet and sour, spicy, with the aroma of a rose. Ripens at the end of July. Contains up to 20 mg% of vitamin C. Stored until November.

White filling - greenish-yellow fruits. The shape of the fruit is round-conical with a characteristic seam. The color of the pulp is white, the pulp is juicy, fine-grained, sweet and sour taste. The stalk is attached to a deep and wide funnel. The cup is closed, is in a shallow saucer. The heart is large, bulbous in shape with yellowish veins, located closer to the top, open seed chambers contain 8-12 large seeds.

Autumn varieties of apples

Autumn varieties represent an intermediate group between summer and winter varieties. They reach removable maturity in late August-early September, when the skin acquires a typical color for the variety. They ripen and reach the consumer stage of maturity in 10-14 days, the shelf life at optimal climatic conditions may be 2-4 months. In most autumn varieties, the fruits are larger than average, with a pronounced color, have good organoleptic characteristics and a dessert taste.

Antonovka ordinary has large fruits (weight 130-170 g). The shape of the fruit is from flat-round to cup-shaped, the transverse diameter is 65-75 mm. Color - greenish-yellow, light yellow, without blush. The skin is smooth, covered with a light waxy finish. The pulp is white, coarse-grained, juicy. Sweet and sour taste strong aroma characteristic only of this variety. It has high table and technological properties. Stored up to January-February. It is very sensitive to pressure and bruises - dark-colored spots are formed, which reduce the commercial properties.

Aport - an old domestic variety, the fruits are very large, up to 250 g or more, diameter 75-80 mm. The shape is conical, round or wide conical. The main color is greenish-yellow, when ripe it is yellow, the integumentary is a dark red dashed blush. The color of the pulp is white-cream. The taste is sweet, fragrant. Consistency coarse-grained, juicy. The peduncle is short, thick, the funnel is strongly rusty. The skin is thin, oily, shiny with a thin waxy coating. The variety is universal, the fruits are suitable for drying, as they almost do not darken. Stored until January.

Oryol striped - fruits are large (weight 130 g), oblong, round-conical, brightly colored in the form of blurred stripes and specks of intense purple-crimson color over a pale pink blush. The peel is oily with a waxy coating. The seed chambers are open, the flesh is white with a creamy tint, fine-grained, tender, very juicy, with a strong aroma. The taste is generally very harmonious, with a perceptible pleasant acidity, which improves with ripening. Stored until February.

autumn striped widespread in central Russia, ripens in September, stored until December. It has high consumer properties - beautiful appearance, sweet and sour taste, juicy pulp. Fruits are highly resistant to microbiological diseases, high transportability.

Cinnamon striped - one of the best varieties for jam.

Winter varieties of apples

Winter varieties fruits are distinguished by high keeping quality and are sources of apples in the winter-spring period. The fruits reach the removable stage of ripeness in late September - early October. After removal, the apples are very hard, contain a lot of protopectin and starch. Their ripening occurs during storage and is accompanied by an increase in the mass fraction of coloring and aromatic substances, sugars (including glucose and fructose) due to starch hydrolysis, a decrease in the content of tannins, the transition of insoluble protopectin to pectin, an increase in juiciness and an improvement in fruit consistency. The fruits reach consumer maturity in a few months. Shelf life, depending on the pomological variety and storage technology, is from 4 to 8 months.

The fruits of winter varieties are larger in size, contain more solids, sugars, vitamin C (up to 20-30 mg / 100 g), contain small amounts of vitamins B1.B2, carotene, rich in minerals, especially K and Fe. pectins, dietary fiber. They have a denser texture, strong skin, high transportability.

Early winter varieties (Winner, Pepin saffron, Parmen winter gold, Welsey) are stored until January - February. Late winter varieties (Mantua, Sary Senap, Renet Orleans, Renet Champagne, Northern Senap, etc.) are stored until May-June.

Late winter varieties such as Bogatyr, - fruits are large (weight 175-350 g), slightly conical, ribbed, when ripe - light yellow with a slight light carmine blush. The pulp is slightly juicy, dense, fine-grained. crispy, white, fragrant, sweet and sour, pleasant taste. Keep until March-April.

Lobo- fruits of medium or above average size (weight 150 g, flat-round, slightly ribbed. The color is greenish-yellow, integumentary - in the form of a continuous pink-red blurred blush. The pulp is white, fine-grained, tender, juicy, with a pleasant aroma, sweet and sour. Stored until February - March.

Pepin saffron - fruits of medium size, oval-conical, slightly ribbed. The color is orange-yellow, integumentary - in the form of dark red stripes, often merging into an intensely continuous blush over the orange background of the fruit. The flesh is creamy-yellow in color, with a good sweet and sour taste. Stored until February - March.

Gold- fruits above average size (weight 130 g), oval-conical shape. The color is greenish-yellow with a dull blush. The pulp is light green, dense and juicy, with a specific sweet and sour taste and aroma. Keep until May.

Rossosh striped - fruits are very large (weight 200-340 g), round-conical, smooth. The color is light green, integumentary - in the form of carmine-red wide stripes. The flesh is slightly greenish, light-grained, juicy, melting, very sweet, with a slight sourness and a strong aroma. Ripen in September. Keep until February.

Cortland - fruits are above average or large (weight 200-240 g), wide-round, slightly conical, slightly ribbed, pale greenish-yellow, with a dark purple-red blurry-striped blush on a significant part of the fruit. The pulp is pale white, juicy, dense, fine-grained, with a pleasant aroma and spice. Keep until May.

Sinap north - late winter variety. The fruits are medium (weight 80-100 g), from flat-round to cup-shaped, yellowish-green with a brownish-red blush on the smaller part of the fruit. The pulp is juicy, fine-grained, dense, but not rough: white, slightly greenish, sour-sweet, refreshing pleasant taste. Stored until April - May.

In the southern zone of industrial horticulture, introduced winter varieties of apple trees of American and European selection are grown. These include the most popular varieties in Russia Jonathan and its hybrids, Golden Delicious, Delicious, Stark, King David and others, which are assigned to the first pomological group.

In recent years, the Russian food market has seen an increase in supplies from the countries of the European Union, the USA, Chile, China, Poland, and Moldova. Ukraine.

Variety Red Delicious - bright red fruits (sometimes with darker stripes showing through), juicy, crunchy, with a very delicate sweet taste, shaped like a heart. This is one of the most common varieties. It is on the market all year round. The variety first appeared on the market in 1874. The variety grows in Peru, Iowa.

Braeburn - the variety has a very bright taste, which is immediately remembered: it is sweet, with some sourness, slightly spicy. Apples are colored in various shades of orange, up to red, although the main tone is yellow. The fruits are juicy, with a characteristic aroma, crispy and at the same time they are distinguished by exceptional strength, they are sold from October to July. The variety was first introduced to the market in 1952, its place of origin is New Zealand. Possible variant the origin of the variety is the crossing of the varieties Lady Hamilton and Granny Smith.

Variety Cameo - apples of this variety are very soft. They can be stored for a long time without losing their sweetness and firmness, and remain very crispy until the end of storage. A characteristic feature of the variety is that the skin of these apples is covered with small whitish spots. Apples go on sale from October to August. The variety was first introduced to the market in 1987, the place of its appearance - Dryden, Washington state.

Variety Fuji - these fruits have a unique taste, hard and crunchy texture with peta honey sweetness. They appeared on the world market in 1962, where they were brought from Japan. The variety was bred as a result of crossing Red Delicious and Rolls Janet varieties in Japan. Now more Fuji apples are grown in the US than in their homeland. Every year these huge, sweet and fragrant fruits find more and more of their connoisseurs in the world. They appear on the market from October to August.

Variety Golden Delicious - apples are light yellow in color, very juicy and sweet with a specific taste and aroma, the yellowish-white flesh does not darken much longer than the pulp of other varieties of apples. There are on the market all year round. The variety was first introduced to the market in 1914, its place of origin is Clay County, West Virginia.

Variety Granny Smith - a variety of apples is presented on store shelves all year round, they are very hard, shiny, bright green, juicy, with a sharp sour taste. The variety was first introduced to the market in 1868. The origin of the variety is Australia.

Variety Jonagold - elegant, orange hue, taste features: apples are crispy, juicy, sweet, with a characteristic tart aftertaste. They enter the market from September to April. The variety was first introduced to the market in 1968. The place of origin of the variety is the state of New York. The variety was bred by crossing varieties Golden Delicious and Jonathan.

Variety Washington Pink- apples are crisp and hard, with a unique sweet-sour and at the same time tart taste, ripen by the end of October, the skin of apples is covered with a slight pink blush - hence the name of the variety. The variety is on the market from November to August. The variety first appeared on the market in 1985. The origin of the variety is Australia. The variety was bred by crossing varieties Golden Delicious and Lady Williams.

Variety Gola - yellow fruits, decorated with bright pinkish-orange stripes, look elegant and festive. They also have a wonderful taste, delicate aroma, crunchy and sweet. Apples are on the market from September to May. The variety first appeared on the market in 1965 and gained popularity among buyers. The variety was bred in New Zealand by crossing varieties Cox Orange Pippin and Golden Del and neck.

China supplies to Russian market apple varieties Fushi and Red Star. Mostly red varieties of apples come from Moldova - Idared. Apples of varieties Idared, Jonared, Dekosta, Rubinstar, Ligol, Gloucester come from Poland. Elise, Champion, etc.

Large deliveries to the Russian market in recent years began to come from Chile: grannySmith, GoldenDelicious, Braeburn, Fuji, Jonagold, RedDelicious. CrippsPink- bicolor apple, skin usually Pink colour on a pale green background, white-green flesh, medium size, elongated cylindrical shape, apple tastes sweet, slightly sour, crispy and very fragrant.

RedChief- this is a variety Redstarking. The red apple has a rich red color with longitudinal stripes of a darker red color, the flesh is yellow, crispy, semi-sweet in taste. Well kept.

RedKingOregon- red apple rich color with distinct longitudinal stripes, tasty, excellent quality.