Blossoming Apple Day. Apple blossom: timing for different growing regions and important nuances. Causes of weak foliage of apples
Malus, Apple tree. The undisputed leader among fruit plants. Of the 15 species growing on the territory of our country, more than 10 species have been introduced into cultivation. These are, as a rule, small, up to 10 m tall, fruit and ornamental trees, less often - shrubs. The crown is often irregularly rounded. The bark is dark grey. Leaves are elliptical or oblong-ovate. The flowers are fragrant, white, pink or carmine, on pubescent pedicels, collected in umbellate inflorescences. The fruits are apple-shaped, brightly colored in many species.
Types and varieties of apple trees
The genus unites about 35 (50) species growing in temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, four grow wild in Russia.
The most famous and widespread in Russia fruit crop, in the genus many cultural decorative species and varieties. Some varieties have red leaves, and in autumn - small fruits of red or yellow color various shapes. More than a dozen species are grown in the cult.
Domestic apple tree, or cultivated apple tree (Malus domestica)
The name unites big number cultural forms derived from different types apple trees, because of this, there are differences in the appearance of plants belonging to this combined species. Usually these are trees 3-6 m tall (rarely up to 14 m) with gray fissured bark. The diameter of the trunk of mature trees is up to 90 cm. The crown is often wide, sprawling, less often spherical, ovoid, slightly weeping; formed by cutting. Branches of two types - shortened (or fruiting) - on which flower buds are laid, and elongated (or growth). At wild species thorns on the branches. Leaves ovate, up to 10 cm long, may be pubescent on the underside. Flowers on short, white-tomentose pedicels, white or pale pink, up to 5 cm in diameter, collected in umbellate inflorescences. Blooms in April-May. The fruits are apples, juicy, of various colors and tastes, ripen in August-October. Begins to bear fruit in the 4-12th year, bears fruit up to 40-50 years. Can be wild.
summer varieties- fruits ripen from late July to late August: " Lingonberry", "Gornoaltayskoye", "Moscow pear", "July Chernenko", "Red early", "Mantet", "Papirovka";
autumn varieties- fruits ripen from mid to late September: " Borovinka", "Zhigulevskoye", "Asterisk", "Cinnamon striped", "Cinnamon new", "Marat Busurin", "Melba", "Orlovskoye striped";
winter varieties- fruits ripen in late September - early October: " Antonovka ordinary", "Bogatyr", "Veteran", "Imrus", "Kulikovskoe", "Lobo", "March", "Orlik", "Pepin saffron", "Gift to Grafsky", "Sinap Orlovsky", "Spartan" , "Welsey".
Varieties:
‘Candy' - An early summer variety. Up to 5 m high. The crown is round, dense. The fruits are medium, weighing 90-110 g, light yellow with a pink blurred blush and red strokes on almost the entire surface of the fruit. The pulp is creamy, fine-grained, tender, juicy. The taste is sweet. Ripening period - end of July - mid-August. Consumption period - August. Self-infertile. The best pollinators summer varieties and autumn timing maturation. Medium hardy. Scab resistance is average. The fruits are not aligned enough, do not ripen at the same time. Fast-growing (comes into fruiting for 3-4 years).
‘Grushovka Moscow’ (Grushovka, Skorospelka)- Early summer variety. Up to 10 m high. The crown is spherical, dense. The fruits are small, weighing 80-100 g, yellow-white with a blurred blush in the form of pink stripes and specks. The pulp is white with a yellowish tint, loose, juicy, tender. The taste is sweet and sour, with aroma. Maturing term - the beginning of August. Consumption period - August. Self-infertile. The best pollinators: The best pollinators: Papirovka, Bellefleur-Chinese, Cinnamon striped, Anise scarlet, Autumn striped, Antonovka ordinary. Drought tolerance is low. Severely affected by scab. The frequency of fruiting is pronounced. small fruits, ripen non-simultaneously, crumble when ripe. Poorly transported. Highly resistant. Early-fruiting (comes into fruiting for the 5th year). Yield up to 200 kg per tree.
‘Papirovka’ (White filling, Alabaster, Baltic)- Early summer variety. Up to 5 m high. The crown is rounded, of medium density. Medium-sized fruits, weighing 90-100 g, yellow-green in color, with a whitish coating. The skin is thin, tender, smooth, dry. The pulp is white, loose, tender, coarse-grained, quite juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, with an excess of acid, with a slight aroma. Maturing term - the beginning of August. Consumption period - August. Self-infertile. The best pollinators: Grushovka Moscow, Antonovka ordinary. Prone to intermittent fruiting. The yield is average. Scab resistance is average. The fruits are not large enough, when overripe, the pulp becomes powdery, they are not stored. The fruit may be damaged during picking due to the thin skin. Poorly transported. The fruits are not stored. Winter hardy. Fast-growing (comes into fruiting for 3-4 years).
'Lungwort' - summer variety. Up to 10 m high. The crown is wide-pyramidal, of medium density. The fruits are large, weighing 115 g, yellow-green with carmine-red stripes, on most of the fruit. The skin is dense, smooth. The pulp is dense, fine-grained, juicy, aromatic. The taste is honey-spicy, sweet. Ripening time - mid-August. Consumption period - August-September. Self-infertile. The best pollinators of a grade of summer and autumn terms of maturing. The yield is below average. Precocity is average (begins to bear fruit at 6-7 years). Winter hardy. Bears fruit annually. Scab resistant.
‘Melba’ - Late summer variety. Up to 5 m high. The crown is rounded, of medium density. The fruits are medium and large, weighing 130-200 g, light green with a delicate raspberry blush. The skin is smooth, tender, covered with a wax coating. The pulp is white, tender, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, with a strong candy aroma. Maturing term - the end of August. Consumption period - September - December. Self-infertile. The best pollinators of a grade of summer and autumn terms of maturing. Medium hardy. It is affected by scab. With age, the frequency of fruiting appears. The fruits crumble when ripe, and can be damaged during removal due to thin skin. Transportability is average. Productive (up to 150 kg per tree). Fast-growing (comes into fruiting for 3-4 years).
‘Cinnamon striped’ (Cinnamon, Brown)- Early autumn variety. Up to 10 m high. The crown is wide-round, rare. The fruits are small and medium, weighing 70-120 g, yellow with dark red stripes and specks. The skin is smooth, shiny, dry. The pulp is dense, creamy, tender. The taste is sweet and sour, with the aroma of cinnamon, dessert. Maturing term - the end of August. Consumption period - September-January. Self-infertile. The best pollinators: varieties of all maturation periods. Precocity is average (begins to bear fruit at 6-7 years). With age, the frequency of fruiting appears. The fruits are not large enough. Medium resistant to scab. Highly resistant. Productivity is high (up to 200 kg per tree).
‘Borovinka’ - (Kharlamovskoye, Kharlamovka, Borovitskaya) - autumn variety. Up to 5 m high. The crown is rounded, rare. Fruits are average, weighing 78-113 g, even, rounded, yellow-pink with a red blush. The skin is smooth, dry, with a slight wax coating. The pulp is yellowish, juicy, slightly rough. The taste is sweet and sour, with a predominance of acid. Ripening time - mid-August. Consumption period - August - September. Self-infertile. The best pollinators: Bellefleur-Chinese, Pepin Lithuanian; Autumn striped, Anise striped, Anise scarlet, Papirovka, Slavyanka. Low drought tolerance. The frequency of fruiting is pronounced. Broken branches. Fruits of mediocre taste, with a lack of moisture, crumble heavily. It is affected by scab. Transportability is average. Highly resistant. Productive (80-150 kg per tree). Unpretentious. Quite fast-growing (begins to bear fruit at the age of 5).
‘Autumn striped’ (Streifling, Strifel)- Autumn variety. Up to 10 m high. The crown is wide, of medium density. The fruits are medium and large, weighing up to 130-150 g, yellow-green with orange-red stripes on a speckled background, rarely reddish. The skin is thin, smooth, with a wax coating. The pulp is slightly yellowish, friable, quite juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, with wine flavor, harmonious. Ripening time - mid-September. Consumption period - September - early December. Self-infertile. The best pollinators: Antonovka ordinary, Welsey. Low drought tolerance. Late fruiting (at 8-9 years). With age, the frequency of fruiting appears. Winter hardy. High-yielding (up to 400 kg per tree). Scab resistant. The fruits do not fall off. Transportability is good.
‘Zhigulevskoe’- Late autumn variety. Up to 5 m high. The crown is wide-pyramidal, rare. The fruits are large, weighing up to 120-350 g, yellow with an intense blurred blush of dark red. The skin is shiny, strong, oily, in some places "rusty". The pulp is creamy, coarse-grained, tender. The taste is sweet and sour, good. Maturing term - the end of August - the beginning of September. Consumption period - September-December. Self-infertile. The best pollinators: varieties of all maturation periods. Medium hardy. Opening flowers may be damaged by early spring frosts. It is affected by the fruit moth. With age, the frequency of fruiting appears. High yielding. Early fruiting (begins to bear fruit at the age of 5). Pasha resistant. The fruits ripen at the same time.
‘Antonovka ordinary’- Early winter variety. Up to 10 m high. The crown is spherical, rare. The fruits are medium and large, weighing 120-180 g, aligned, rounded, yellow-green. The skin is smooth, sometimes "rusty". The pulp is yellowish, dense, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, with some excess of acid, with a strong specific aroma. Ripening time - mid-September. Consumption period - September - January. Self-infertile. The best pollinators: Welsey, Anise, Autumn striped, Pepin saffron. The early maturity is average (they begin to bear fruit at 7-8 years). May be affected powdery mildew. With age, the frequency of fruiting appears, the fruits become smaller. Highly resistant. High-yielding (up to 500 kg per tree). Unpretentious. Relatively disease resistant. Transportability is good.
‘Lobo' - winter variety. Height up to 5 m. The crown is wide-round, rare. The fruits are large, weighing 130-160 g, rounded, raspberry-red. Skin with a strong wax coating. The pulp is white, fine-grained, juicy, tender. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant. Maturing term - the beginning of September. Consumption period - September - February. Self-infertile. The best pollinators of a grade of autumn and winter terms of maturing Medium winter-hardy. It is affected by powdery mildew and scab. Drought resistant. The yield is high and annual. Early fruiting (begins to bear fruit at 4-5 years). Transportability is good.
‘Bogatyr’- Late winter variety. Up to 10 m high. The crown is sprawling, rare. The fruits are very large, weighing 150-350 g, aligned, light green with a bright red blush. The skin is smooth, sometimes "rusty". The pulp is white, dense. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant. Maturing term - the end of September - the beginning of October. Consumption period - November-May. Self-infertile. The best pollinators of a grade of autumn and winter terms of maturing. Medium hardy. Precocity is average (begins to bear fruit at 6-7 years). Scab resistance is average. Productivity is high (80-150 kg per tree) and annual. Fast-growing. Unpretentious. The fruits do not crumble, with a very long shelf life (up to eight months). Transportability is good.
‘Sinap Orlovsky’- Late winter variety. Up to 10 m high. The crown is wide-pyramidal, of medium density. The fruits are medium and large, weighing 110-130 g, round-conical in shape, yellow-green with a delicate blush on sunny side. The peel is strong, smooth, shiny, oily. The flesh is greenish-cream in color, very juicy, high quality. The taste is sweet and sour, with a slight aroma, harmonious. Maturing term - the end of September. Consumption period - November-May. Self-infertile. The best pollinators of a grade of autumn and winter terms of maturing. Scab resistance is average. The tree is very big. Winter hardy. The yield is high and annual. Early fruiting (comes into fruiting for 4-5 years). Fruits are stored for a long time until the end of May.
Plum-leaved apple tree, Chinese apple tree, or Chinese (Malus x prunifolia)
A small tree, up to 10 m tall, sometimes bushy, the crown is wide-rounded. Young shoots are reddish-brown, densely pubescent, adults are grayish-brown or reddish, ascending, not pubescent. The leaves are ovate or rounded, dark green, slightly pubescent when young, with a bronze tint in autumn, up to 10 cm long. The flowers are white, sometimes pinkish outside, up to 3 cm in diameter, 5-8 in umbellate inflorescences. Blooms in April - May. Fruits are spherical, up to 3 cm, edible, yellow or red. The fruits ripen in September and remain on the tree for a long time. Resistant to fungal diseases. It tolerates pruning well.
USDA zone 3
Siberian apple tree, or Siberian apple tree (Malus baccata)
A small tree 5-10 m tall, with a rounded, dense crown and thin shoots. Elliptical or ovate leaves up to 8 cm long, shiny. The flowers are white, odorless, up to 4 cm in diameter. Blooms in May. The fruits are spherical, very small, up to 1 cm in diameter, on a long stalk, red or yellow, they remain on the tree for a long time. Fruits ripen in September, fructifies from 5 years. Grows slowly.
Relatively gas resistant. Handles haircut well.
USDA zone 2-3. Winter hardiness is high.
Decorative forms and varieties of apple berry:
‘Aureo-marginata’- with yellow border along the edges of the leaves;
‘Gracilis’- an elegant small tree with drooping branches, small leaves on long petioles and small flowers;
‘Roseo-plena’- with pink double flowers;
‘Mandshurica’- a tree about 20-30 m tall, broadly elliptical leaves with pubescent petioles, flowers up to 4 cm in diameter, pinkish-white, fragrant, fruits larger than the main form, highly drought-resistant.
‘street parade' - the flowers are large, white, the fruits are red, the crown is dense and dense.
Pallas apple tree, or Siberian apple tree (Malus pallasiana)
Tree up to 5 m tall with reddish, slightly sinuous branches. The flowers are white up to 3.5 cm in diameter, petals with a pronounced claw, blooms profusely at the end of May. Fruits of yellow and red color on long "legs" ripen in September, remain on the tree until winter. Recently, this species has been equated with the previous one.
Abundantly flowering apple tree (Malus x floribunda)
Tree up to 6-10 m tall, originally from Japan (in central Russia - up to 4 m). Purple or intense red buds, opening, turn into pale pink or white flowers, blooms in May. The fruits are small red, ripen in September. In temperate climates, it can only be grown in the warmest and most sheltered places.
Wonderful apple tree (Malus spectabilis)
Tree up to 5-7 m tall, originally from China. The buds are carmine, the flowers are pale pink, simple or double. Blooms in late May-early June. The fruits are spherical, yellow, up to 2 cm in diameter, ripen in August.
F. albiplena- characterized by white double flowers and abundant flowering.
Forest apple tree or wild apple tree (Malus sylvestris)
In nature, it grows in the northern and western parts of the middle lane in mixed and deciduous forests, along their edges.
This tree is up to 5-10 m tall with spherical crown. The flowers are fragrant white or pinkish, up to 4 cm in diameter, bloom in the second half of May. The fruits are small greenish-yellow, sometimes with a blush, sweet and sour, edible. Ancestor of modern fruit varieties.
Popular forms of forest apple:
f. pendula- different drooping, weeping form crowns and abundant flowering;
f. plena- with double pinkish flowers up to 4 cm in diameter.
Early apple tree (Malus sylvestris ssp. praecox)
Similar to the forest apple tree, but undersized (up to 3-4 m) and more thermophilic.
Niedzwiecki apple tree (Malus niedzwetzkyana)
A small tree, in Central Russia reaches a height of 3 m, south of 8 m. The branches are smooth, without thorns, young shoots are dark purple.
The leaves are obovate, up to 8 cm long, purple-red during blooming, with full leafing, only the petioles remain intensely colored, the summer color of the leaf is dark green above, purple below, the leaves are pubescent.
The buds are dark purple. Flowers 3-4 cm in diameter, intense pink or red-purple, on thin, white-felt peduncles. It blooms in May-June, flowering lasts an average of 10 days, flowers do not bloom simultaneously, budding significantly lengthens the decorative phase.
The fruits are small or medium, solitary, up to 5 cm, slightly spherical, with a waxy coating, violet-purple, with pink-purple flesh. Ripens in August, fruiting lasts up to one month /
Unpretentious. Resistant to pests and diseases.
USDA zone 4
A complex hybrid obtained with the participation of Nedzwiecki's apple tree is purple apple tree (Malus x purpurea) — beautiful plant with purple leaves, abundant bright crimson flowers and dark red fruits.
Variety "Royalty", one of the most effective of their red-leaved plants. This is a hybrid of complex origin, like many apple varieties. Usually offered on a trunk. The leaves are large, shiny, dark purple without a brown tint. The flowers are dark crimson, Chinese-type apples, too.
Sievers apple tree (Malus sieversii)
Tree up to 8 m tall. In nature, it grows in Central and East Asia. Blooms at the end of May.
Manchurian apple tree (Malus manshurica)
Tree 5-15 m tall with dark-colored bark, native to Far East. The flowers are pinkish-white, up to 3 cm in diameter, fragrant. Blooms profusely from mid to late May. The fruits are small, orange.
Apple tree low, or "Umbrella red-flowered" (Malus pumila ‘Umbraculifera rubriflora’)
Highly decorative tree with a weeping crown, small leaves. When blooming red, later bronze-green, the flowers are dark pink.
Apple tree low, or "Umbrella white-flowered" (Malus pumila ‘Umbraculifera alba’)
A low tree with widely spread hanging branches. The leaves are small and shiny. The flowers are small, white with a purple calyx. The fruits are small and green.
columnar
In a special group, varieties with a columnar crown shape can be distinguished. The principle of columnarity lies in the ability to form points of fruiting - fruit formations such as annelids on vertically growing shoots. Due to the close internodes, a compact crown is formed. Columnar is a sign of a variety. At present, varieties of columnar apple trees have been bred different terms ripening with fruits different color and taste. When grown in the garden, columnar plants can be planted at a distance of 0.4 m from each other.
apple tree care
All apple trees are photophilous, especially varieties with decorative coloring leaves. They are undemanding to soils, but they prefer air- and moisture-permeable loams. They do not tolerate wetlands with close groundwater levels.
In dry times, apple trees are watered at least once a week. In dry autumn, late autumn watering is recommended. Feed during the season (May, June) with complex mineral fertilizers. Once every three years in autumn (October), rotted manure (compost) is introduced into the near-trunk circle. In early spring(end of February-end of April) formative and sanitary pruning is carried out (dry, diseased and broken branches are cut out).
Apple tree propagation
Species apple trees are propagated by seeds (sowing in autumn), for breeding varieties they use various ways vaccination.
Application in culture
Apples are widely used in cooking, as in fresh, and ready-made (compotes, jam, wine, juices, jam, marmalade, etc.). There are a lot of vitamins in apples: A, B1, B2, B3, B6, C, E, PP, sugars, organic acids, iron salts.
Fresh apples have antiseptic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and hematopoietic properties.
Iron malate extract is made from the juice of sour apples, which is used to treat anemia.
Apple leaves can be used as a source of vitamin C.
Loved since ancient times, sung in folklore, the apple tree has long turned into a symbol of wisdom and knowledge. And she herself is the result of the knowledge and skills of many people. In order to create a domestic apple tree (Malus domestica), multiple hybridization of different species, forms and varieties was required. And how much effort the decorative varieties of this amazing plant required!
When apple trees bloom
These trees bloom before their leaves bloom, as a rule, this happens from April (in southern regions) and until June (in the northern ones). The cooler it is at the time when the longer they please the eye. And it can take up to two weeks.
A decoratively flowering apple tree, the pictures of which are provided for your attention in this article, can outshine many shrubs and trees. You can grow them throughout Russia. And although they mainly produce inedible fruits that do not exceed the size of a pea or cherry, they do an excellent job with another task - they delight our eyes after a boring gray winter. This festive firework of sparkling bright inflorescences designed to warm us up after the cold weather and to announce the arrival of spring and warmth. A tree strewn with tiny beads of golden, purple or orange apples is no less attractive, and they stay on the branches for a long time, serving as excellent food for birds.
Why do we need a branch blossoming apple tree
In the extraction area different varieties the wise Chinese have been incredibly successful. Their aesthetic demands forced them to treat the garden as a place of contemplation, bringing the soul into harmony with the outside world, filling it with wisdom and peace.
And it's true, after an early spring pruning, abundantly blooming, well-formed apple tree is an object of inseparable contemplation and aesthetic pleasure. In the gardens, they grow freely, you can approach each of them and, sitting down on a spread rug or a comfortably standing bench, immerse yourself in the magical aroma of flowers and listen to the birds singing and the buzzing of bees. It must be said, by the way, that these apple trees are excellent honey plants, giving up to 30 kg of honey per hectare.
What are they different, flowering apple trees
And weeping or umbrella apple trees, you probably want to have in your garden. After all, their branches hanging to the ground form an amazing fragrant tent, entering which you cannot leave it. And in summer, it can serve as an excellent gazebo, in which it is so wonderful to hide from the heat! And what distinguishes them, by the way, is their durability and unpretentiousness to the weather conditions of our band.
Variety Sargent looks like a shrub, delighting in the spring with snow-white flowers, and in the fall with a magnificent color of the leaves. Its crimson tiny fruits have a waxy coating. And when the Siebold or Toringo apple trees bloom, their pink inflorescences change, gradually becoming whiter.
Some of the ornamentally flowering ones have delicate, pleasant-tasting apples ("Makamik"). Yes, and fruit trees will not let you down decorative application. They will surely give the owners a juicy harvest, and in the spring they will pour themselves with snow-white flowers, forcing them to wait with excitement for the moment when the apple trees bloom.
As such, the term "flowering" for conifers is not quite customary, but in the scientific literature they talk about the flowering of spruce, pine, and cedar. This is because cones appear on such trees in spring - a kind of reproductive organs. This is what is commonly called the flowering of conifers.
Coniferous flowering northern latitudes begins around April, before the deciduous trees the first leaves appear, as abundant foliage can interfere with the spread of pollen. Usually coniferous flowers do not smell of anything. Pollen is carried by the wind over long distances, and it is quite surprising to find unusual colored dust in puddles and roadsides in spring.
Scotch pine blossom
To see common features in the flowering of gymnosperms, for example, it is worth comparing several different species. The flowering time of Scotch pine is at the end of May / beginning of June. Pine flowers are monoecious and collected in cones. When flowering, young needles also bloom. Male inflorescences are collected in a kind of spikelets, and female - in small oval cones. Female and male inflorescences are located on different branches and at their very ends, so that the needles do not interfere with pollination.Blooming Siberian larch
Flowering occurs at the end of May, although it is noted that in more southern regions, flowering begins in April. The duration of flowering is approximately five to ten days. The cones are evenly spaced along the crown. Male inflorescences are collected in oblong spikelets of yellow or yellow-green color. And women, in turn, have a more rounded shape, the color varies from pale green to red-violet.Flowering Siberian cedar
Cedar does not bloom across the entire width. The lower branches form the so-called growth layer. Siberian cedar, like others coniferous trees, female genital organs form cones - macrostrobiles. They are formed either in a specific tier of the crown, or in a mixed one. In the year of flowering, the female strobilus of the cedar goes through six phases of ontogenesis: either an appressed bud, a bud, followed by an open, half-open and closed cone. Depending on temperature and weather conditions the duration of each phase is three to six days. Male inflorescences are collected at the base of the branches and have an orange-crimson color.In all coniferous trees, the flowering process is approximately the same. The flowering time may vary depending on the climate, as well as the size and color of male and female inflorescences, depending on the type of plant.
Once upon a time, I didn’t know when apple trees bloom in my grandmother’s garden and constantly, even in winter, I checked if the fruits appeared on them, if they appeared in autumn or spring. Somehow everything was confused in my head, so it was quite difficult for me to understand how my grandmother calculates when the apple tree will bloom and warns me in advance, and what criteria she is still guided by. And although I clearly remembered that my grandmother always served apples to the table, baked charlottes, pies and other goodies, when it was already warm and sunny outside and everyone was running around in T-shirts, I couldn’t remember all the same, whatever one may say, for some reason, up to up to a conscious age, up to the present moment, when I seriously asked myself this question, and nevertheless found out when apple trees begin to bloom, and now I am ready to share all my knowledge!
Undoubtedly, apple blossoms occur for each country, each region and even city for different periods, so you can trace the flowering of apple trees approximately by naming the period or by calculating when and under what temperature conditions the apple tree will begin to bloom.
For example, starting from my region, and I live close to the southern part of Ukraine, I can say with one hundred percent information that flowering will be approximately in May, for example, if you are in the south, then at the beginning, and further along the belts, flowering is delayed for each week, flowing, moving from one region to another, step by step coming to each city, gradually bringing flowering to each garden.
If you are in a more temperate zone and the climatic spring comes a little later for you, and the temperature becomes positive and stays at the same level a little later than in other regions, then the flowering of apple trees is slightly delayed until the end of May and beginning of June. Here summer is exactly the period for the flowering of all fruitful trees, including apple trees. But not the end of summer, then rather the fruits fall off a little, but just the beginning, when the most adventitious time for development. 
If you pay attention just to temperature conditions, which are needed for the development of an apple tree, then average temperature for flowering will be in the range from 15 to 23 degrees. If there is an early spring, but with the same conditions in terms of degrees, then you are guided not by a specific month of planting, but just by temperature regime, which is optimally suited for flowering apple trees. Exactly the same method is used to calculate if suddenly spring decided to come later this year than in all previous ones.
The flowering of the apple tree does not last too long, so it is important to have time to squeeze into the temperature range that she needs. The flowering of the most common and common variety of apple trees, which is found in everyone in duration, lasts from a week to twenty days. There are also late varieties apple trees, but they are only a couple of weeks behind in their fruiting. If your garden has a mix of different varieties apple trees, then you won’t particularly notice how the period of flowering and the appearance of the fruits of the apple tree will differ, because it will occur smoothly and in waves, in turn for each apple tree in the garden.
(No ratings yet, be the first)
READ ALSO:
Why do apple tree leaves turn yellow in July?
Grafting a pear on an apple tree in spring
Why do apple tree leaves turn yellow in May?
Video: How to grow an apple tree from a cutting?
Pruning and shaping the crown of a two-year-old apple tree
Video: How to fertilize apple trees after flowering?
The middle buds usually bloom first. The flowering of apple trees of different varieties proceeds non-simultaneously: some of them bloom for 8-14 days, others for 8-10 days. In cool weather, flowering can last 20 days. Petals open mainly in the morning. The stigma of the flower remains susceptible to fertilization for 6-8 days after the opening of the bud. Snowfall during flowering does not have a detrimental effect on the pistil and stamens of the flower.
So, in 1965, snow fell at the Rabotkinsky State Farm-Technical School and covered the flowering apple trees with a layer of 3-5 cm. It lay on the flowers for 2-3 hours, then melted without having a negative effect on the formation of ovaries. It must be said that the apple harvest in 1965 was excellent. The air temperature has a decisive influence on flowering. Apple trees bloom when the sum of effective temperatures, having crossed the threshold of + 5 °, reaches 187 °. So don't
presents particular difficulties to predict the beginning of flowering, which is very important. In the fifth phenological phase, the fate of the crop is determined. Despite the abundance of flowers, it can be low and vice versa. It all depends on the conditions under which flowering occurs, how protection against pests and diseases is organized. An adult fruit-bearing apple tree bears up to 200,000 flowers, of which only 5-10% produce full-fledged fruits. Nature has rewarded flowers huge amount pollen; only one anther contains about 350 pollen grains, and the whole flower (with 20 stamens) - about 7000. The ovaries of an apple tree of one variety are formed only when pollinated by biologically related pollen of another variety. In other words, flowers are distinguished by a large selective
ability. This guarantees a high yield.
During cross-pollination, gardeners are of great service to bees, who willingly visit apple flowers and carry up to 100 thousand dust particles on their bodies. During the flowering phase of the apple tree, work performed in the garden should contribute to better fertilization of flowers and the formation of a healthy ovary. These works are.
1. Loosening the soil with cultivators or disc cultivators to a depth of 8-12 cm and hoeing trunk circles(unless previously done and if the strips are not treated with herbicides).
2. Frost control with smoke. Smoke screens are created when smoke piles or smoke grenades are burned. Heaps are made from peat, manure, wet straw, moss, leaves, sawdust, turf, etc. 120-150 heaps are required per 1 hectare of garden. Dry material, in the amount of 35% of the total mass, is placed at the bottom of the heap - this ensures uniform combustion. The heaps are lit if the temperature drops to + 2 ° in the evening, smoking continues for an hour after sunrise. Smoke bombs are placed in a tractor cart. When smoking, they move from the leeward side, which contributes to the formation of a uniform smoke screen. Spraying trees clean water also protects flowers from frost. blooming garden from spring mornings. positive action The band extends over 150 m.
3. Watering the garden - along the furrows or short-sprinkling. Replenishment of moisture in the soil improves the process of fertilization of flowers and enhances the growth of shoots, leaves and fruit set. Watering, in addition, accelerates the dropping of excess flowers and ovaries. Irrigation rates depend on local conditions. On average, 700-800 cubic meters are spent per 1 hectare of garden. m of water.
4. In case of excessively strong flowering, the so-called chemical normalization is used. On the second or third day after the start of mass opening of apple flowers, spray
0.1% aqueous solution of ammonium dinitrophenolate or ammonium dinitroorthocresolate. This technique protects the trees from exhaustion, and young fruits from shedding.
5. In case of weak flowering, for better fertilization of flowers and preservation of apples, it is useful to sprinkle apple trees with microelements: or boric acid at a concentration of 0.005%, or zinc sulfate - 0.01%, or manganese sulfate - 0.02%, or a mixture of all three of these trace elements with a halving of the dose of zinc and manganese. mineral fertilizer(N, P, K) based on: per 100 l of solution - 200 g ammonium nitrate or urea, 1 kg of an aqueous extract of superphosphate, 300 g of "potassium chloride or sulfate. An aqueous extract of ordinary (19-21%) superphosphate is prepared by stirring the fat in heated water for an hour.
6. Cutting on the ring of the newly appeared root and standard shoots.