The price is 600 rubles / m2, but they can only start laying from October, because. they are loaded with work and will be released only at the beginning of October. If he agrees to wait, then they are ready to lay the masonry for him before winter. In the end, he agreed and received the masonry. Everyone is happy.

I can imagine what they imposed on him ... for that weather. then the rains pour, then the frost grabs.
Everyone is happy, you say? Oh well

... in some places, some, sometimes - usually large organizations involved in the installation of complex equipment AND EVERYTHING. The fact that at least someone somehow works and produces a good result is already an achievement. In many regions, there is already no one to really work. Moscow is overloaded with builders, and an acquaintance was in Abkhazia - they cannot find electricians there. plumbers, sane finishers - they are stupidly absent. Demographics and failures in vocational training will show developers Kuzkin's mother ..

I mean that the masters with adequate requests that correspond to their professionalism have no need to look for orders. They are simply passed from hand to hand and that's it. And those who stand at the markets and proudly call themselves a "builder", while constantly repeating that he has been working in Moscow for 10 years and built a lot of things, they are aching for what the light is and are waiting for their orders until someone still disagree on their rates.

I know very good craftsmen who are not passed from hand to hand. And at the end of the work, albeit for a small amount, they try to throw it away. no complaints about quality. Moreover, they are trying to throw quite intelligent, educated people who draw their reputation almost with a halo over their heads in a conversation:

About not very professional builders. Excuse me, but where does it come from great amount seasoned professionals? Are they mass-produced somewhere? invest money and organize refresher courses?
... in some places, some, sometimes - usually large organizations involved in the installation of complex equipment AND EVERYTHING. The fact that at least someone somehow works and produces a good result is already an achievement. In many regions, there is already no one to really work. Moscow is overloaded with builders, and an acquaintance was in Abkhazia - they cannot find electricians there. plumbers, sane finishers - they are stupidly absent. Demographics and failures in vocational training will show developers Kuzkin's mother ..

Plaster is a mixture that is used in construction and repair work ah for leveling walls, others . Also used to give them certain form and covering up defects.

If plaster is used on outside walls, then it is called facade. There is a concept to define this type of finishing processes. This is plaster work.

They are, by definition, a collection of several components.

Here they are: selection of mixtures, ingredients, tools, leveling work performed using one of the types of building mixtures used for this type.

When used indoors, the choice is made between several types. For example, it can be ordinary (simple according to the classification in SNiPs), improved, high-quality plaster.

And also there is such a thing as “doing according to beacons”. Collective colloquial name internal plaster- interior.

Exterior decoration is carried out in order to insulate the walls, to make them more airtight, not achievable for atmospheric precipitation. The process itself takes place in several stages. First, the so-called spraying is performed, the second stage is priming. And finally, the cover.

The spray is to “lay the foundation”, the first layer of the future protective coating all facade putty. According to the long-standing SNiPs ( Sanitary Norms and Rules 3.04.01-87) for the application of finishing and insulating coatings, it is less than five millimeters.

The second layer is soil. It is seven, maximum eight millimeters thick.

In some cases there is a need for a thicker middle layer external plaster. Then you need to do all the work in several stages, each of which consists in applying one layer 7 mm thick.

Only after the previous layer (previous layers) has completely dried, you can start working on the next one. Only in the described case will this comply with building codes.

The final layer is the third - covering. The norm of this level of plaster is two millimeters.

One more thing important note- when carrying out such work for a new building, it is imperative to wait for the moment when the walls settle and are cleaned. After construction dust and other contaminants are removed, plastering work begins.

Another type of them is the so-called wet facade.

In this case, the plaster is applied on top of two additional layers: heat-insulating and reinforcing. If it is located above the insulation, then the solution layer should be no more than three to four millimeters thick.

This is an option for a thin-layer facade, and for a thick-layer facade, the norm increases to seven, a maximum of nine millimeters.

Unlike facade plaster, interior plaster performs slightly different functions in the room. It can be the basis for decorating and transforming walls inside buildings (gluing them, further applying mortar or tiling). The plaster is saturated with excess moisture, which is formed in the air of rooms and premises.

In a dry microclimate, on the contrary, it is obliged to allocate a certain amount of moisture, while becoming drier. The norm for the thickness of simple, improved and high-quality plaster ranges from twelve to fifteen millimeters.

Roughness for conventional coating by four square meters walls are allowed, but no more than three pieces.

It is better that all planes are ideal. But if there are errors in the work of the plasterer, then their depth should be less than five millimeters. When measuring by level with special devices, the horizontal deviation cannot exceed three millimeters per meter.

The plaster mortar, made and laid properly, has its own humidity and is in contact with the microclimate of the room. To determine the quality of the wall, or rather its coating, use such an indicator as the moisture content of the base.

It should be no more than eight percent. The thickness of the plaster layer is simple, according to the norms, and from ten to fifteen millimeters.

The improved coating has slightly overestimated, in contrast to the first type, application rates. The thickness is about fifteen millimeters.

Plaster improved by SNiP must be laid in such a way that the number of irregularities is no more than two pieces per four square meters. This is one less than simple form coatings.

On a vertical plane, the level of plaster cannot deviate by more than two millimeters per running meter, which is 1 mm less than in the previous version. If speak about full height ceilings, then for this entire segment there should be a deviation of a maximum of ten millimeters. Although, the less, the better.

The horizontal measurement has also become one millimeter “stricter”: according to the norms, the deviation along the horizon line for each is only within two millimeters.

Irregularities are not desirable, but if present, their depth must be less than 3 mm. The humidity of the base, in the same way as in the previous example with simple plaster, fluctuates within eight percent, no more.

A high quality coating is subject to the most stringent of these three rules. basic types. Plaster of the third level must meet the following standards.

For each linear vertical meter, the plane deviation should not exceed one millimeter. The total difference, calculated for the entire height of the room in question, is no more than half a centimeter.

There can be only two irregularities, and then its depth is not more than 2 mm. Horizontally, the same deviation is allowed as vertically - 1 mm. The moisture content of the plaster base does not change and in this case it is 8%.

The main purpose of any type of application work is to level all flat surfaces (mainly walls) so that all intersections (corners) are ninety degrees exactly.

The same applies to door and window openings.

They need alignment no less than the walls.

In addition to the thickness of the layer covering the surface, it matters which building mix leveled the planes of the room.

It can be gypsum or, for example, cement mortar.

Also, SNiP determines exactly how this or that mixture for plastering should be applied correctly.

With regard to the number of layers of coatings, according to the rules, a single-layer coating is leveled immediately after application, and when using special building trowels, this is done immediately after the mortar has set. Improved plaster, according to the “rules”, is laid “along the beacons”.

What does this method of performing wall processing mean? Here are the main character traits and the rules for applying and working with this plastering method:

• The level created by dry mortar, is done “according to beacons”, that is, according to pre-installed special beacons with certain wall level marks.
• The height (thickness) of the future layer is set on these “columns” using a mortar mark.
• Additionally, a ruler is used to verify all levels, vertical and horizontal, which is simply called “level” in conversation. With the help of an air bubble, it is very convenient to set marks on the beacons.
• The most important indicator of the evenness of the “wall location” (meaning in space) is that the measuring ruler tool shows exactly the middle.
• After setting and drying the mortar marks, they proceed to further applying the mortar and leveling it with the help of the “rules” tool - a two-meter rail.

It is possible to use specially designed aluminum guides. They, if necessary, are fixed with a solution.

As this species plaster (on lighthouses) belongs to the category complex types, that is, multilayer, make at the end one more (minimum) layer - a spare.

To fill large voids when leveling such structures, it is very unsafe and wrong to use only the actual plaster. After all, when drying, such material does not hold and swells. Bubbles are formed from a half-ripe building mixture, which subsequently burst.

That's it, so that such “catastrophes” do not happen, they do not apply on the wall, but on the grid, previously installed and fixed. To eliminate especially large faults or wall defects, it is recommended to use metal mesh with a cell thickness of more than four millimeters (it is called large-mesh).

According to the norms, its deepening into a thick plaster mass applied to the surface is two-thirds of the entire thickness of the layer. Moreover, the latter is equal to fifteen millimeters, provided that gypsum mixture. Wrinkles on the grid after it is immersed to the desired level in the solution should not occur.

Where one constituent element the entire structure adjoins another, it is necessary to overlap ten centimeters, but at the junction - 20 cm.

Basically, on normal walls or almost even walls, such a system is used - only in those places where it is planned to adjoin another structural element(especially if it has a significant weight).

During the construction and repair of buildings, houses or structures, various plaster mixtures are used. Application in a certain way and layer on the surface is regulated by specially developed and long-established standards.

What types of plaster would be appropriate to choose for certain categories finishing works, namely for plastering? This question arises among builders and workers, foremen and private homeowners.

This difficult issue can be resolved by referring to the generally accepted rules, which all repair and construction works must obey. This is plaster, SNiP (description of insulating and finishing coatings).

On the control of plastering work can be viewed on the video:

The main types of forest industry enterprises that should develop in the coming years should be considered: permanent, large forest industry enterprises and mechanized assembly enterprises.

The development of the forest industry is based on the principle of the integrated use of the main products and the use of forest industry waste.

Woodworking industry - large house-building and woodworking plants, for in-line automated mass production of building parts.

The timber industry has two main branches - logging and woodworking.

Just about construction and architecture

Shift output at painting works

Table 1. Shift production when painting with water compositions

Notes.

1. Simple facades include facades with architectural details up to 30% of the wall area.
2. When painting facades in two tones, a coefficient of 0.8 should be applied to the production standards.

table 2. Shift production when painting with oil compositions

Notes.

1. The norms for the coloring of window fillings take into account the coloring of double sashes and boxes, and for window fillings in wooden walls - also platbands. When painting single bindings in wooden walls, a coefficient of 1.43 should be applied to the production rates. In stone walls to production standards - a factor of 2.
2. Norms for coloring fillings doorways take into account the color of door panels, frames and platbands. When painting fillings without platbands, a coefficient of 1.25 should be applied to the production rates.
3. When painting fillings without platbands and boxes, a coefficient of 1.66 should be applied to the production rates. When glazed door leafs norms for the coloring of fillings of openings remain unchanged.
4. Shift work during painting work window sill boards, window and door fillings are taken from the calculation of the area of ​​​​openings along the outer contour of the boxes; for coloring belts, sandriks, downpipes and external window sills - based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe facade (excluding openings); for the coloring of blinds, gratings, balusters and nets - based on their area (without deducting gaps).

Before starting repairs, many people think whether they need to carry out plastering work, this is due to only one fact - ignorance of the technologies for performing repair work and the consequences of not following them. is the process of leveling any surfaces vertically and horizontally using special dry mixes (gypsum, cement-lime plasters). The main task of applying plaster is to obtain the correct geometry of the premises: setting 90-degree angles, leveling the width of doorways and slopes, making the walls parallel, obtaining a single and even plane.

Plaster according to the quality of performance is divided into three categories: simple, improved, high-quality.

Document regulating the quality and technology of these works -

All of these requirements apply to manual application plasters, and for machine.

Thickness of the plaster layer (plaster)

Subject to the technology of plastering, it is worth paying special attention to the thickness of the plaster, both the minimum and the maximum allowable!

These values ​​​​depend on the plaster mix and are different for each. For example, for gypsum plaster machine application Knauf MP-75, the thickness of the plaster layer should be in the range: from 8 mm to 50 mm (for one basting). If it is necessary to apply plaster with a thickness of more than 50 mm, then this should be done 2 times with drying and re-priming the first layer. See this information in the descriptions. plaster mixes and better on manufacturers' websites!

Based on these parameters and the curvature of your walls, you should select the appropriate mixture.

This is very important parameter, on the observance of which, the quality and durability of the plaster depends! If this requirement is not observed, cracks may appear on the surface and even delamination from the base.

The main excerpts from SNiP for plastering

3.15. When plastering brick walls at a temperature environment 23 °C and above, the surface must be moistened before applying the solution.

3.16. improved and high quality plaster should be carried out on beacons, the thickness of which should be equal to the thickness of the plaster coating without the covering layer.

3.17. When installing single-layer coatings, their surface should be leveled immediately after applying the solution, in the case of trowels, after it has set.

3.18. When arranging a multi-layer plaster coating, each layer must be applied after the previous one has set (covering layer - after the mortar has set). Leveling the soil should be done before the mortar starts to set.

3.19. Gypsum plaster sheets must be glued to the surface brick walls compositions corresponding to the design ones, located in the form of marks, 80x80 mm in size on an area of ​​at least 10% along the ceiling, floor, corners of the vertical plane every 120–150 mm, in the intervals between them at a distance of no more than 400 mm, along the vertical edges - a continuous strip . Sheets to wooden bases should be fastened with nails with wide hats.

3.20. Installation of gypsum moldings should be carried out after setting and drying of the base from plaster solutions. Architectural details on the facade must be fixed to the reinforcement embedded in the wall structure, previously protected from corrosion.

We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with (installation of the grid, mixture consumption, removal of beacons, special primers, plastering on beacons, etc.).

The data of work on various building materials: monolith, brick, foam concrete using special primers for each type of material. Before applying plaster on metal and wooden surfaces need to do special training(fill a metallized plaster mesh, prime the surface with a special primer), we do not recommend performing plastering work on such surfaces, it is better to resort to using the dry leveling method - installing GKL sheets. It is impossible to plaster on the drywall sheets themselves, since under the influence of moisture, the GKL sheets can be deformed, if your drywall partitions are crookedly assembled, it is better to remake them than to level them with plaster.

Not a single existing SNiP has a regulation on the installation of a plaster mesh, therefore this process is purely advisory in nature.

We recommend using plaster mesh with a plaster layer thickness of 50 mm or more, as well as on foam concrete walls, since there is a high possibility of cracks.