What is better to sow green manure for potatoes in autumn and spring, recommendations. Growing potatoes with green manure Which green manure is better to sow in the spring for potatoes

Every gardener is convinced that vegetables grown on personal plot must be environmentally friendly. Therefore, many do not use chemical fertilizers in their gardens. For a good potato harvest, it is very important that the soil is not depleted.

Important! Potatoes can grow in one place for 4 years. After that, the place for planting potatoes must be changed. Otherwise, you can get a breeding ground for harmful microorganisms and pathogens that will harm your crop.

If you categorically reject the use of chemical fertilizers, then potato green manures will come to the rescue (they quickly decompose and do not leave harmful substances). The use of green manure can increase the yield of your potatoes on the site.

The best green manure for potatoes

Siderates can be annual plants with a well-branched root system: peas, sweet clover, lupins, sardella, alfalfa, chickpeas, beans, lentils, soybeans.

The roots of green manure, loosening the soil, improve its structure, and the tops fertilize and mulch the soil. Green manure guarantees the replenishment of minerals in the soil on which potatoes are planned to be planted.

Important! A good potato crop requires nitrogen and phosphorus. In legumes (if used as green manure) of these substances enough.

A good green manure for potatoes (though with a lower percentage of nitrogen) is rapeseed, mustard, colza, phacelia, oats, rye, wheat. These crops protect the soil from weathering, dehydration, enrich useful minerals. When sown in winter, these plants will save the soil from deep freezing and hold back the snow.

Did you know? Best to use combined scheme green manure crops: crops with a high percentage of nitrogen and plants enriched minerals. This solution is guaranteed to increase productivity.

How to sow green manure for potatoes

Before sowing green manure, the soil is well loosened - the plants must fully develop and give a sufficient amount of green mass.

Important! 1.5 - 2 kg of seeds are sown per 1 acre of land.

Siderates for potatoes in autumn are sown 1.5 months before the onset of cold weather - in September. Seeds of green manure (best of all grain - they tolerate winter well) are scattered on the surface of the site, and then plowed with a rake. You can plant seeds in shallow grooves (2-3 cm deep).

Fresh sowing is covered thin layer compost. In May, green manure is removed and potatoes are planted in their place..

If sowing is planned in the spring, then green manure should fall into the ground in late April - early May (the soil should warm up by 3-5 cm). Very good mix of spring sederates: oats, phacelia, white mustard.

2 weeks before planting potatoes, green manure is cut with a flat cutter and the soil is dug up to a depth of 8-16 cm. During this time, the green mass will have time to rot and become a good fertilizer.

Important! Do not allow flowering and seed formation on green manure! If you do not remove green manure on time, then instead of benefiting from them, you will receive harm - weeds will appear.

Potatoes on a site fertilized with green manure are planted to a depth of 5-6 cm. Practiced planting potatoes with mustard. This landing method has several advantages: mustard loosens the soil, “clogs” weeds, retains moisture, repels pests.

When potato tops and mustard are equal in height, mustard must be removed (chopped) so that the potatoes can fully develop. Cut plants can be left in the aisle, or they can be taken out into the compost pit.

Did you know? 3 kg of green manure replace 1.5 kg of manure.

The use of green manure in growing potatoes allows you to collect 50 kg more crop from the plot than from the same plot without green manure.

Important! If there is too much green mass, then it will begin to sour, and not decompose. If a lot of green manure sprouted - take out part to the compost pit.

Planting potatoes after green manure

In 2 weeks after harvesting green manure, you can start planting potatoes. This time is enough for the green biomass, slightly dug into the ground, to rot and enrich the earth with minerals.

Tubers are planted in pits (or grooves) to a depth of 5-7 cm. For constant loosening of the soil, siderat buckwheat or mustard for potatoes is used. Such a neighborhood will allow the soil to be loosened due to green manure.

Buckwheat is able to reduce the acidity of the soil, enrich the soil with phosphorus, potassium, and organic components. But when the tops of the potatoes are equal in height to siderates, the latter are cut (the potatoes should develop well).

Important!Remember about crop rotation: green manure on the site is used different every year - alternate crops.

What is sown after harvesting

In order to increase the future yield on the site, it is recommended to use green manure immediately after harvesting potatoes.

After harvesting potatoes, the vacated area is often sown with green manure. They will reduce the fatigue of the earth, increase its fertility for the next planting season. To do this, you need to competently approach the choice of green manure, the features of their planting and harvesting.

Traditional green manure for sowing after potatoes

It is advisable to plant in the area where potatoes grew before, fast-growing siderates of the cruciferous family. They, like manure or peat, are buried in the ground. When the green mass (organic material) decomposes, the earth is enriched with useful micro- and macroelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) necessary for the growth and development of the main crops planted on the site after green manure.

Green manures are green fertilizers, they enrich the earth with useful components

Green organic matter allows replenishing humus reserves in the fertile layer in just one season. It is important to mow the green mass of green manure in time. If its quantity is very large, then the stems buried in the ground will not decompose, but turn sour.

Siderates after potatoes can be the following crops.

When incorporating white mustard into the soil, 1 m 2 of land can get up to:

14 g potassium;
12 g nitrogen;
2 g of phosphorus.

This will increase the yield by 50% or more without the introduction of manure and other organic matter. As a green manure, mustard has the following advantages:

thanks to the branched and powerful structure of the roots, it loosens the earth, which becomes more accessible for moisture and air to penetrate into its layers;
contributes to the enrichment of the soil, because a month after germination, the culture gives a significant amount (about 1 kg) on a plot of 1 m 2 organic matter(green mass), which is gradually processed by earthen bacteria into humus;
promotes the release of the site from annual and perennial weeds;
contains in leaves essential oil, the smell of which is not tolerated by many pests of vegetables (wireworm, Colorado beetle), also the main crops (potatoes) planted after green manure will be less susceptible to late blight, their tubers will be protected from scab and rot.

Mustard white - excellent green manure after potatoes

In the future, the area from under the white mustard can again be used for planting potatoes.

Rape sprouts and grows quickly. Gives good harvest greenery. It is cold-resistant, tolerates frosts down to -7 o C. Its disadvantages include:

exactingness to soil fertility, not a large number of greenery in areas with poor soil;
low efficiency in the fight against potato diseases and pests.

Rapeseed gives big harvest green, but picky about soil fertility

Oilseed radish as green manure has several advantages:

Helps improve soil structure by loosening the soil with its powerful roots.
Possesses precocity. After planting the seeds, the emergence of seedlings of the culture occurs within a week, the flowering period will come in a month or a little later.
Characterized by productivity. It is twice as high as mustard in this indicator.
Prevents the development of root rot, nematodes.
Reduces the amount of weeds in the area by 2 times.

Oilseed radish ripens quickly

Other cultures

After potatoes, you can also plant as green manure:

peas;
lupine;
clover.

These plants not only give useful phosphorus and nitrogen to the soil, but also allow you to grow both potatoes and other solanaceous plants (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants).

Photo gallery: other siderates for sowing after potatoes

Even decorative can act as a green manure flowering plant
Peas enrich the soil with nitrogen Clover can also be planted after potatoes as green manure

Step-by-step instructions for planting and planting green manure

In autumn, 2–3 days after harvesting potatoes and until mid-September, green manure can be sown with further burying them in the ground. For this you need:

In autumn, green manure must be buried in the ground as green manure

You can leave green manure seedlings on the site intact, but then you need to dig the site in the spring, before planting the main crops.

To increase the effectiveness of green fertilizers, the same green manure should not be planted on the site after potatoes.

Planting after potatoes any of the mentioned green manure with its further incorporation into the soil will increase its fertility, as well as the yield of future crops. A variety of crops suitable for planting will allow the gardener to easily choose the right green manure.

Many gardeners are trying to replace agrochemicals natural fertilizers for soil. In this case, siderats are used, which enrich the fertile layer with nutrients and improve mechanical properties soil. What green manure for potatoes should be chosen to enrich the depleted soil with useful substances?

The choice of green manure

Potatoes can grow in one area for no more than four years, then the soil is depleted and ceases to give the necessary nutrients to the root crops. In addition, the neglected fertile layer of the earth becomes a breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria that can destroy the crop. Rejection chemicals can lead to many problems with the soil, so instead of them you can use plant components - green manure (green manure).

Decomposing siderates for potatoes, they give the soil the required substances: nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and other trace elements. Also, thanks to green fertilizer, the soil is enriched with humus. However, care should be taken not to exaggerate the number of plants grown for humus, otherwise the green mass will begin to turn sour instead of decomposing.

No more than 2 kg of plant seeds are spent on one hundred square meters of land.

Green manure plants:

lupine;
lentils;
beans;
sardella;
peas;
alfalfa;

The root system of green manure loosens the soil, and the green mass enriches with nutrients and acts as a mulch. For example, to enrich the earth with phosphorus and nitrogen, you need to plant leguminous plants.

Sunflower should not be used as a green manure. Firstly, it draws a lot of useful substances for its development. Secondly, its coarse structure takes too long to decompose in the ground.

Other plants that enrich the soil with nutrition are:

wheat;
colza;
mustard;
oats;
rye;

They enrich the fertile layer with essential minerals, and also protect against weathering and dehydration. The above plants contain less nitrogenous substances than legumes, but they also bring undoubted benefits to the soil and potatoes. And if these crops are planted in the fall, they will save the soil from freezing.

However, rye and wheat have the peculiarity of attracting wireworms to the soil, so it is advisable to exclude them from the lists of green manure for potatoes.

Note! To increase the yield of potatoes, it is recommended to mix green manure with a high nitrogen content with others. The combination of nitrogen and minerals in the most beneficial way affects the nutritional value of the soil.

The choice of green manure is also based on the need of tubers for a sufficient amount of air. Therefore, the soil must be breathable and loose. This can be ensured by well-chosen plant cultures.

Is it possible to replace green manure with humus? This option is also well suited for enriching the soil with humus and minerals, however, green manure decomposes faster in the ground. Also, the disadvantage of feeding with humus is large quantity introduction of the substrate compared with green manure.

Application methods

Green manure is used to improve the structure of the soil, so they can be planted twice a year - in the fall after harvesting the fruits and in the spring before planting crops on the beds. Siderat for potatoes is best planted in the fall, but sometimes green manure is grown in the spring.

Advantage autumn cultivation green mass is that the vegetation cover protects the earth from freezing.

In the spring, after the snow melts, the plants are not removed from the site until May. Sometimes green manure is not removed when planting tubers, as it can protect them from negative impacts. sun rays and spring frosts.

If you decide to mow green manure before planting potatoes, then this is done about a month before the start of work. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the green manure does not enter the color, otherwise the decomposition process in the ground will slow down.

But after harvesting, you need to plant leguminous plants, since even before the onset of frost they will have time to gain biomass.

Green manure can be used in several ways:

full incorporation into the soil;
cutting method;
wicked way.

Complete incorporation of green mass into the soil is carried out by digging the site to a depth of 10 cm. Mowing method - plants mowed from another site are embedded in the ground. Otavny method - only the roots of plants are used on the site, and the green mass is mowed and used for other purposes.

With the help of the otava method, two areas can be enriched with green fertilizer at once: the roots remain in one area, and the mowed mass is covered in another.

Autumn work on the site

Siderates for potatoes are sown in autumn before the onset of cold weather, so that they have time to gain a thick green mass. Around mid-September, you can start sowing, after digging up the ground well. In autumn, you can safely sow crops, as they are resistant to winter frosts.

Immediately after harvesting potatoes, green manure can be planted:

peas;
oats;
mustard.

You can scatter the seeds on plowed soil, and then level the surface with a rake. You can sow seeds in shallow grooves, and then sprinkle with earth. From above, the earth is covered with a small layer of compost for warmth. In the month of May, green manure is mowed and embedded in the soil, then potatoes are planted.

Alternate green manure on the site, do not plant the same crop every year.

Experienced gardeners advise not to mow green manure winter crops before frosts. If you leave them until spring, you will not have to dig up the ground for planting potatoes.

spring work

Planting green manure in spring under potatoes should be planned in April or early May. The criterion for choosing the right sowing time should be warmed soil.

Before planting tubers (in 14-15 days), the green mass is mowed, and the earth with roots and plants is dug to the depth of a shovel. The green mass quickly decomposes, giving nutrients to the earth.

A big mistake is mowing green manure, which managed to give seeds. Work must be done before wild flowering plants.

What green manure for potatoes in spring is preferable? Gardeners believe that phacelia - universal fertilizer for a rich harvest of root crops. This plant is sown immediately after the snow melts, before planting potatoes, it has time to gain green mass and structure the soil at the same time - to make the earth loose. In addition, phacelia (like mustard) drives away the wireworm from the site.

Too abundant green mass will not be able to completely rot in the ground and will begin to rot, so remove the excess.

How deep should tubers be planted? Prepare holes 5-6 cm deep. Experienced gardeners potatoes are planted along with mustard, as it protects against weeds and loosens the soil well. When the mustard stretches to the height of the potato tops, it needs to be cut. If this is not done, it will prevent the tops from developing. Cut mustard tops can be placed between rows or put into compost.

Description of green manure crops

Legumes are considered the most useful, as they enrich the soil with nitrogenous substances and humus. But cruciferous plants, along with cereals, also contribute to soil enrichment. Consider their features.

Vika (mouse peas)

This culture is characterized by an accelerated growing season and unpretentiousness to growing conditions. Mouse peas belong to the legume family, which means that they accumulate a large amount of nitrogen between root nodules. During the decomposition of the roots in the ground, an active release of nitrogen occurs, without which the potato cannot develop. The decomposition of the green mass of mouse peas enriches the soil with humus, significantly increasing its fertility.

sweet clover

This culture is also distinguished by the rapid development of green mass, endurance and undemanding to growing conditions. Sweet clover forms a powerful branched root system, going to a depth of more than a meter. Thanks to the developed root system of the sweet clover, the soil becomes loose, so it does not need to be dug. In the spring, the green mass is cut off and placed in the aisles or sealed up in another area as an aftertaste method of fertilization. Sweet clover belongs to the legume family.

Mustard

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of white mustard for feeding potatoes. Planting potatoes after green manure (mustard) gives bountiful harvest. A culture with long roots attracts earthworms and creates favorable conditions to form humus. Mustard has a phytosanitary effect on the soil, repelling pests and keeping potatoes from rot and other diseases. If a wireworm is wound up on the site, it can be driven away with the help of white mustard.

Experienced growers mix mustard with mouse peas for great results. To accelerate the decomposition of the green mass of the plant, biostimulants of the Baikal type can be used. If you grow mustard together with potatoes, it will not allow weeds to develop.

radish

This green manure culture also belongs to the cruciferous family, like mustard. Oil radish quickly grows, forming an abundant green mass. Weeds do not grow near this crop, including the ubiquitous wheatgrass. It rarely has a phytosanitary effect on the soil, destroying rot and soil pests. Before sowing seeds, the soil should be dug up well, as the radish does not like dense soil. After a month, the tops can be cut off and planted greens in the ground. The sowing rate of seeds is 300 gr per hundred square meters.

Rye

This cereal crop is an excellent winter green manure and soil sanitation. Rye completely destroys helminths and late blight, insects and other soil pests. Juicy green mass of rye quickly decomposes in the soil, giving a large amount of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. Developed root system loosens the earth, making the fertile layer air and water permeable. Rye perfectly prepares the area for potatoes, creating the most favorable conditions for its development.

When is the best time to sow rye? Sowing is carried out immediately after harvest, that is, at the end of August. In the spring, when the sprouts stretch to a height of 25-30 cm, the green manure is buried in the ground. After half a month, tubers can be planted.

oats

This crop enriches the earth with nitrogen and potassium. A powerful root system loosens the soil, creating conditions for optimal water and air balance. It is recommended to sow oats on heavy soils that are unfavorable for the growth of root crops. To increase soil fertility, oats are mixed with mouse peas and fodder peas. Sometimes when sowing, ammonium nitrate is also used. The green mass is embedded in the soil before the formation of buds.

Soil infested with fungus and pests

What to do if the site is not suitable for planting potatoes due to damage by fungus and pests? In this case, siderate will also help. Gardeners treat the site with cruciferous plants - rapeseed, mustard, reps and radish. They free the soil from phytophthora, rot and potato scab. In addition to these diseases, cruciferous worms and slugs are driven from the site.

If the soil is heavily affected by phytophthora and pests, then green manure is not mowed completely, but left in the aisles - it will perform its phytosanitary functions until harvest.

Outcome

Siderates in the fall for potatoes are an excellent environmentally friendly fertilizer. After such feeding, you can collect at times more harvest from the site. Tubers greatly deplete the soil, pulling useful material for your growth. Therefore, you can’t do without top dressing - every year the harvest will decrease, and the tubers will shrink.

Green manures in the spring for potatoes prepare the soil well and create favorable conditions for the development of tubers. When is the best time to plant green manure plants - in autumn or spring? On this score, gardeners do not have a unanimous opinion. If you need to keep the ground from freezing, then you should plant winter crops.

What mineral fertilizer did you use?

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Without the use of fertilizers, it is impossible to grow a good crop of potatoes, like other vegetables. To increase the fertility of the land, gardeners use mineral mixtures or organic matter. But besides them, there is another option - to carry out sideration of a potato field with other plants. Find out which siderates for potatoes are best to choose, what benefits they bring, when and how they should be sown.

Siderates are plants grown specifically to produce green mass, which is then embedded in the ground or used as mulch in order to improve soil fertility and increase potato yields. They are sown to the main crop, and when they grow, they are mowed and embedded in the ground.

Green manure sown under potato crops help improve the structure and fertility of the soil, and saturate it with minerals, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other useful ones that are important for plants. nutrients.

Thus, sowing green plants helps to increase the yield of potatoes, allows you to increase the amount of crop harvested per unit area. How effective they are can be understood if we consider that green manure as a fertilizer is not inferior in efficiency to cow manure.

The roots of plants used as green manure strengthen the soil and prevent it from being washed away during the rainy season, and during a drought they save the earth from drying out quickly. Cruciferous plants protect the crop from pests (for example, wireworms, nematodes, slugs), and legumes from scab, as they contribute to the reproduction of saprophytic bacteria in the soil that compete with them. Such plants sprout early, so they prevent weeds from breaking through to the top, thus preventing weeds from overgrowing the beds. The use of green manure for potatoes helps to make products more environmentally friendly, because the amount of mineral fertilizers used to feed the crop is reduced.

This method has no disadvantages. The only thing is that it is necessary to monitor the volume of green mass plowed into the soil: if there is too much of it, it will slowly decompose, turn sour in the ground, increasing its acidity. In acidic soil, the possibility that the potato will get sick with fungal diseases increases.

Ways to use green manure

The purpose of using green manure is to use their green mass as an organic fertilizer. There are 3 options for how this can be achieved: bury it in the soil, lay it on the surface of the beds as mulch, or add it to the compost heap with other plant debris.

Important rules for the use of green manure:

in the same area, each subsequent year, plants related to those crops that grew in this place before them cannot be sown;
they should not reach the flowering stage, so they are mowed or plowed into the ground when they grow up to 20-30 cm or until the buds appear.

Green manure is sown before planting a crop, in this case potatoes, or after it.

What green manure is suitable for potatoes

Let us consider in more detail which of the siderates is best sown in the spring, and which in the fall after the potatoes.

Legumes

Plants of this family are suppliers of nitrogen to the soil, it accumulates on their roots, so they are considered the best green manure for potatoes of all possible. For this purpose, you can use the following leguminous herbs and crops: vetch, chickpea, peas and beans, soybeans, alfalfa, sainfoin, beans, lentils, lupins, clover, sweet clover, etc. Any of these plants can be sown in the area where potatoes are supposed to be grown, and then mowed and buried in soil. You can sow them in spring and autumn, that is, 2 times a year.

cruciferous

Siderates that are used for potatoes in the spring are mustard, rapeseed, colza, oil radish. But, like legumes, they can also be sown in the fall, that is, twice a year. Cruciferous not only improve soil composition, but also protect potatoes from pests.

cereals

As organics for potatoes from this family, you can choose any crop (wheat, ryegrass, barley, oats, rye), but it is rye as green manure that is considered the most preferable. You can sow cereals on garden beds in spring and autumn, in addition, they can be planted after potatoes, leaving before winter.

In addition to plants from these 3 families, phacelia and buckwheat can be sown under potatoes.

If it is supposed not to grow anything on the site after the potatoes, so that the earth rests, then any listed green manure can be planted at this place.

When and how to sow

Not enough to choose suitable green manure, it is still necessary to sow them on time and correctly.

spring planting

In spring, green manure for potatoes can be sown after the snow melts and the earth warms up to 10 ° C. It is necessary to plant in the soil fertilized with mineral fertilizers: the plants will process them and transfer them into an organic form. It is possible to sow green manure in front of potatoes in 2 ways: put the seeds in shallow grooves, and then sprinkle them on top of the ground, or simply scatter them over the surface of the beds, sprinkle with peat or humus. After that, they must be watered. If it is too warm and the earth dries out quickly, then you will have to water several more times after germination.

By the way, it is not necessary to dig green manure in the spring: you can plant potatoes in the holes, mow the greens and lay them as mulch. You can mow manually with a sickle or lawn mower. If a lot of greenery has grown, some can be decomposed into other beds.

autumn planting

It is necessary to sow green manure in the fall after harvesting potatoes at least 1.5 months before a steady cold snap. This is necessary so that they have time to ascend, grow up to about 20 cm, and after mowing and surface incorporation into the ground, decompose in it. In this case, suitable plants with short period vegetation, which are sown after potatoes of early or mid-season varieties.

Sequencing:

remove all plant debris from the site;
dig it;
apply nitroammophoska and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (30-40 g per sq. m.);
sow the area with the seeds of the selected crop. You need to sow fairly thickly.

Under the winter

If you plant winter green manure after potatoes, such as rye, vetch, rape, then you do not need to mow and dig them up in the fall. Podzimny sowing can be carried out randomly or sow grains in grooves, placing them between future rows of potatoes. The seeding depth is 1.5-2 cm. Sowing should be carried out no later than the first half of August. In the spring, the regrown plant mass is plowed into the ground 10-15 days before planting potatoes.

To achieve high yield potatoes, you need to spend a lot of effort on improving soil fertility. It should be loose, nutritious, containing various useful trace elements. Of course, nutritional value can be increased with the help of chemical fertilizers. But then the potato will not be considered an environmentally friendly product. Another, healthier, way to get a large harvest of potatoes does not conflict with ecology - growing green manure.

Siderates are useful plants, which are sown alone or mixed with other herbs. They are grown in order to then plow into the soil. The goal is to significantly increase the fertility of poor lands, improve the structure of the plant layer, and enrich it with active microflora. The greatest effect is obtained from vegetation planted at the end of summer and embedded in a fertile layer. late autumn just before the onset of cold weather.

Siderates are useful plants that are sown alone or mixed with other herbs.

Green manure is not called "green manure" for nothing. They really plow into the ground like manure, peat and other organic matter. Decaying, green organic plants add various macro and microelements to the loosened layer. First of all, these are potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and other substances that potatoes need for growth and development. Humus reserves in the fertile layer with the help of green organic matter can be increased literally in one season. But there is one caveat. It is important to monitor the amount of growing green mass. If its volume is too large, then the plowed stems will begin to sour, and not decompose.

Siderate cultures of the cruciferous group naturally relieve tubers from common diseases: late blight, fusarium, scab and all types of rot. Oilseed radish, rapeseed, colza and especially white mustard are not tolerated by potato pests: wireworms, nematodes and slugs.

Siderate cultures of the cruciferous group naturally relieve tubers from common diseases

An undesirable green manure for a potato plant is sunflower. For its development, it itself takes too much nutritious organic matter from the soil, so it will rather impoverish the fertile layer than benefit it. In addition, its stem quickly becomes coarse and decomposes slowly in the soil.

Ways to use green manure

There are three ways to use green manure:

full application is the incorporation of the entire grown mass of green manure into the soil potato garden to a depth of 10 cm;
mowing use is the embedding in a potato field of mowed green mass from green manure, which was grown elsewhere;
otavnoe use is the plowing only of the roots of green manure grown in place of potatoes; cut stems are collected and taken to other sites for hay fertilization.

The best green manure for potatoes - these are legumes: alfalfa, vetch, peas, lupins, sweet clover. They enrich the soil with nitrogen and phosphorus, which potatoes need for rapid growth.

The best siderates for potatoes are legumes

Humus has the same effect on potatoes, but it decomposes in the soil much longer than green manure. And the rate of application of manure per unit area is much higher than that of legumes.

Other siderates for potatoes give less return: rapeseed, wheat, oats, rye, mustard, phacelia. However, their powerful root system perfectly protects the fertile layer from wind and water erosion and enriches it with many trace elements. But when decomposed, these green fertilizers do not release nitrogen, so their use will not increase the yield of potatoes as much as legume predecessors.

How to plant green manure under potatoes in autumn

Experienced gardeners have been convinced many times in practice that sowing plants as an organic fertilizer in the fall after potatoes is the most productive, efficient, and effective. Productive - because it has a beneficial effect on increasing productivity. Effective - because it enriches the soil with useful nutrients, improves its structure, suppresses weeds, repels and reduces the amount harmful insects. Effective - because the earth is protected from erosion by spring waters, weathering, overheating from the scorching rays of the sun.

When growing green organic matter, it is important to observe agricultural technology, seeding rate, take into account the composition and fertility of the topsoil. Gardeners should understand that before the onset of winter, green manure plants must sprout and increase the required amount of green mass. Therefore, the depth of seed placement should be small, crops should be sparse (no more than 2 kg per 100 square meters); fertilized with mineral and organic fertilizers.

Moreover, the approach to growing green manure crops planted in the fall should be comprehensive, competent, and sensible.

Complex - because it is necessary, if possible, to mechanize labor-intensive processes if the field for potatoes occupies several hectares. Tractors and agricultural machines carry out pre-sowing preparation of the soil, sowing, fertilizing.
Competent - because you need to take into account the timing of sowing, the choice of the desired crop for green organics, the type and composition of the soil. Peas love neutral ground, lupins will grow anywhere except barren clay, sainfoin will thrive even in a field with heavy soil containing a lot of stones.
Sound - because the amount of costs for growing green manure should not be much more than the profit from increasing the yield of potatoes.

Sowing green manure in the fall after potatoes - step by step instructions

Prepare the soil for sowing by loosening the upper layer with a rake.
It is necessary to sow green manure after potatoes in August 2-3 days after the end of the harvest. To do this, scatter the seeds according to the instructions, which are set out in the marking on the bag (about 1.5-2 kg / 100 square meters).
Take over the sown area back side shovel or roll with a hand roller.
It is necessary to dig up a site with grown plants when they gain sufficient mass, but no later than a few days before the onset of stable frosts. On the large plots It is recommended to use a cultivator or flat cutter. Pre-scattered ash, like fertilizer for the garden, will enhance the beneficial effect of the use of green organic matter.

Features of the use of green manure

Novice gardeners need to know how to properly apply green manure crops in order to avoid mistakes that will cross out all the efforts expended. There are voluminous scientific works, which describe in detail, but boringly, the method of enriching the fertile layer with "green fertilizers". Is there simple recommendations, including simple rules for execution:

If the stems of green manure plants began to coarsen and turn into powerful shoots - an excessive green mass became visible to the eye - the overgrowing ground part must be mowed in time. Because the biomass that did not have time to decompose for winter period, will become a source of all kinds of fungal and viral diseases potato fruits.
If green manure crops are sown in small areas, then it is better to scatter them by hand, and not sow with manual seeders. Loose seedlings will more reliably protect potato ridges from weeds.

You can not plant plants for organic after related horticultural crops. For example, the predecessor of the potato was the pea. This plot cannot be sown after harvesting peas leguminous plants: clover, vetch, lupine. They share common pests and diseases that can thrive on a newly planted crop.

Siderates, in the absence of manure - there is no alternative

Once the most valuable organic fertilizer manure was considered, which in huge quantities stored near livestock farms of cattle. And humus fertilized all couples on collective farms, as well as gardens of summer residents and subsidiary plots. For this, a set of special agricultural machines was created, and the process was completely mechanized. But those days are gone. For a long time there is no public herd, and with it mountains of humus have disappeared. Manure has become the scarcest and rather expensive organic fertilizer. And then they began to sow green manure more actively. After all, without organic feeding none cultivated plant will not bear fruit normally. Hope for mineral fertilizers is groundless, unpromising, groundless. Groundless - because mineral fertilizers have risen in price and not every gardener can afford to fertilize several acres with them. Unpromising - because the production of fertilizers in Russia is focused on the foreign market. Groundless - because every gardener strives to grow healthy, organic vegetables, berries and fruits on his plot.

Vika

Vetch or mouse peas is a fast growing plant with a short growing season. Such attractive features make it possible to include vetch in a mixture with other green manure plants. These include rye, rapeseed, white mustard, oats and ryegrass. legume family plants, which include vetch, is able to accumulate nitrogen in the nodules of the root system. When vetch roots rot, nitrogen saturates upper layer, and from it is consumed by potatoes. Acting as an element of a mixture of green manure, vetch contributes to obtaining optimal composition humus, which is formed after the decomposition of green biomass.

When vetch roots rot, nitrogen saturates the top layer, and potatoes are consumed from it.

sweet clover

This plant has remarkable qualities: unpretentious to soil and weather, hardy, grows and develops rapidly. A powerful root system accumulates nitrogen well and deepens into the ground by a meter or more. This circumstance allows not to dig up the fertile layer after cutting and removing the stems. It will be loose without additional cultivation. It is used as a decoction method of using green manure, as its roots are much more useful for potatoes than the ground part.

Mustard white

Mustard white in autumn planted a few weeks before hard frost sets in. This frost-resistant plant with long roots not only fertilizes the ground, but also improves the conditions for development. soil microflora and worms. As a result, the structure of the fertile layer becomes loose, saturated with air and nutrients. After mustard, the potato yield is guaranteed to increase. Possessing also a powerful ground part, white mustard grows and develops rapidly. Excellent results for feeding potatoes with organic matter, it gives a mixture of mustard and vetch. To accelerate the decay of mowed green mass, it is recommended to spray it with an aqueous solution of a biostimulator, for example, Baikal. Mustard rids the fertile layer of harmful insects (wireworm, beetle larvae) and inhibits weeds.

This frost-resistant plant with long roots not only fertilizes the ground, but also improves the conditions for the development of soil microflora and worms.

radish

Oil radish is characterized by fast-growing tops. In one and a half to two months, it is able to increase its ground part by 4-5 times. She is also famous for her ability to drown out all weeds, including the indestructible creeping wheatgrass. The radish also successfully cleans the fertile layer from putrefactive bacteria and insect pests.

For this root crop, soft earth is needed, so the area for potatoes must first be loosened. Seeding rate is 300 grams per acre. A month after the entrances, the radish, together with the tops, is dug up with a shovel or a flat cutter.

Cereal siderates for potatoes

oats

Oats are a grain crop that is cold tolerant and loves moist soil. Green organic matter from oats is rich in elements (potassium and nitrogen) that potatoes need. With the help of this cereal, you can create a loose fertile layer with good air and water permeability on heavy soils. The effectiveness of oats is greatly enhanced by the mixture of its seeds with vetch or pea peas, as well as added to them ammonium nitrate in small doses. In this case, plowing green mass into the ground should be done at the beginning of the formation of buds in vetch or peas.

Rye

Winter rye is considered a good soil sanitizer. She successfully fights against nematodes and phytophthora. With the help of rye, you can improve the potato allotment by fighting harmful bacteria and insects. This cereal is famous for its good green mass - tender and juicy, quickly decomposing and saturating the soil with phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen. Powerful roots destroy the compacted structure of the soil, make it loose, absorbing a lot of moisture and air. One of the most important virtues rye is the conversion of phosphorus into a form that is easily absorbed by potatoes. Sow this cereal at the end of August. Close up in the ground in early spring when the growth of its crops reaches 20-25 centimeters in height. This usually happens in early May. And after two weeks, you can plant potatoes.

Experienced gardeners “feed” seedlings of potato root crops with green manure in spring and summer. So white mustard is planted in the aisles, which will protect the earth from the scorching sun, retain moisture, and drive away harmful insects.

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