Thuja hedge. Thuja and its types Fast-growing thuja

Description: Eastern part of North America, zone of coniferous and coniferous-deciduous forests. The best development reaches in the northern part of the range. Grows along low-lying river banks, swamps, often on calcareous soils. Reaches the best development on moist fertile loams. It forms both pure plantations and in mixtures with other forest-forming species (black ash, black spruce, balsam fir, red maple, etc.).

Thuia occidentalis "Bumbocks Tower"
Photo by Andrey Ganov

Monoecious tree 12-20 m tall, rarely a shrub. The crown is compact, narrowly pyramidal when young and ovoid when mature, often descending to the ground. The bark of young plants is smooth, red-brown, later gray-brown, separated by longitudinal ribbons. The needles are scaly, shiny green, brown-green in winter, small (0.2-0.4 cm), tightly pressed to the shoot, it functions for 3 years and falls off along with small twigs (twigfall). Cones are small (0.8-1 cm), from 3-5 pairs of thin scales, ripen in autumn in the year of flowering.

In Europe with mid-sixteenth in., grows almost everywhere, and in some places it has become wild. In Russia from the latitude of Arkhangelsk to the Black Sea. In Europe, including Russia, it is cultivated more widely than any other foreign coniferous tree. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1793. Various forms of this species are also cultivated in LTA, Otradnoy and urban green spaces. Some of the best specimens are presented in the park of the Forest Engineering Academy (planted by E. L. Wolf in 1890) and on the former estate of Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich in Pushkin.

In GBS since 1938, 7 samples (168 copies) were grown from seeds and seedlings obtained from the arboretum of the TSKhA, Lipetsk LSOS, Moscow Region, there are GBS reproduction plants. Tree, aged 54, height 12.5 m, crown diameter 260 cm. Vegetation from 5.V ± 12. Annual growth 6 cm Dusty from 21.V ± 4 to 27.V ± 3. Annually and abundantly "fruits" from 10 years, the seeds ripen in October. Easily propagated by seeds and green cuttings. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed viability 50%. 97% of winter cuttings take root without treatment.

"Filifera" Photo by Evgenia Maksimenko	"Golden Tuffet" Photo Popova Annette	"Little Dorrit" Photo Popova Annette
"Mr. Bowling Ball" (Thuja occidentalis "Bozam") Photo Popova Annette	"Speath" Photo EDSR.	Thuja occidentals "Spiralis minima" Photo of Mikhail Polotnov
Thuja occidentals "Spiralis Zmatlik" Photo of Mikhail Polotnov	"Yellow Ribbon" Photo Popova Annette	"Yellow Ribbon" Photo by Oleg Vasiliev

Winter-hardy, shoots lignified completely. Shade-tolerant, but in culture it develops better and more durable in good light. Grows slowly. It is undemanding to soil fertility, despite its love of moisture, it tolerates dryness well. Resistant to smoke and gases.

Thuia occidentalis "Miriam"
Photo by Andrey Ganov

Very polymorphic. It has over 120 decorative forms, differing in the nature of growth, form of branching, color and shape of needles and twigs.

OVERVIEW OF GARDEN FORMS

BUT. Growth is normal straight, not dwarf; the needles are green, sometimes brown in winter:

columnar forms - "Solumna", "Fastigiata" (-Stricta), "Malonyana";
hanging forms - "Pendula" (ordinary branches), "Filiformis" (filamentous branches);
loose-knotty - “Vodmerii”, “Douglasii”, “Ryramidalis”, “Spiralis”.
special forms (often narrow or wide-shaped) - "Gracilis", "Hetz wintergreen", "Indometable", "Smaragd".

B. Dwarf forms with the usual green scaly needles:

round and ovoid shapes - "Danica", "Dumosa", "Globosa", "Netz" "Midget", "Newyi," Little champion ", "Little Gem", "Meski", "Recurva nana": (with age ) - "Tiny Tom", "Umbraculifera", "Woodwardii";
pin-shaped forms - "Holmstrup", "Rosenhalii";

AT. Variegated forms with ordinary scaly needles:

yellow forms - “Cloth of Gold”, “Europe gold”, “Golden globe”, “Holmstrup”, “Yellow”, “Lutea”, “Lutea nana”, “Semperaurea”, “Sunkist”, “Vervaeneana”, “Wareana lutescens".
variegated white form - "Meinekes zwerg".

G. Transitional forms with scaly and needle leaves: "Ellwan geriana", "Ellw. aurea", "Rheinogold".

D. Forms with only needle leaves: "Ericoides", "Ohlendofffii" (with ordinary elongated shoots).

"Albospicata", Belokonchikovaya ("Albospicata", "Alba"). A tree with a broad pyramidal crown, 2-5 m tall. Shoots are open. On young plants, the ends of the branches with bright white spots. The needles are scaly, white-motley. The light color of the needles is especially spectacular during the growth of young shoots. From mid-summer, the white color becomes especially intense and the plant acquires a variegated silver color. Winter-hardy. Propagated by cuttings. Originated in Maxwell's nursery in Geneva in 1875.

In GBS since 1957, 2 samples (5 copies) were obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS, Poland. Tree, at 20 years old, height 5.8 m, crown diameter 180 cm. Vegetation from 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 7 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is complete. Rooted 65% of winter cuttings without treatment, 79% of summer cuttings.

"Bodmeri"("Bodmeri"). The crown is loose, obovate. Plant height up to 2.5 m. Shoots are thick, unevenly spaced from the trunk. The branches are short, thick, bizarre. Many dead shoots often remain on old plants. The needles densely cover the shoots, almost pressed, dark green. Probably originated in Switzerland in 1891. Recommended for group plantings.

In St. Petersburg in the Catalogs of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring since 1903. In the Botanical Garden of BIN since 1994, where it is winter-hardy, it grows slowly. Also available in the LTA Arboretum collection

"Gods" ("Boothii"). Tree up to 4 m tall. The crown is dense, conical or slightly irregular. Branches gracefully rising. Shoots are relatively strong, densely arranged. The needles are scaly, large, light green, turning pale in winter. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer (55%) and winter cuttings (100%). Named after James Bot - the owner of a nursery in Hamburg. Selected by botanist R. Smith in 1874. Recommended for single, group plantings and hedges.

In GBS since 1951, 3 samples (23 copies) were grown from cuttings obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at the age of 39, height 5.2 m, crown diameter 250 cm. Vegetation from 13.V±8. Annual growth 3.5 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is high. 100% of winter cuttings rooted, treated with a 0.01% IMC solution for 24 hours.

"Beaufort" ("Beaufort"). In height and branching, it is close to the normal type of growth. Young shoots and needles are variegated. Has a brighter coloration than cv. Variegctta. Received in Holland, known since 1963. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1995.

"Brabant"("Brabant"). Tree 15 - 21) m high. Crown diameter 3-4 m. Crown conical. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, exfoliating. The needles are scaly, green, keep coloring in the winter. Blooms in April - May, Cones are brown, oblong-ovate, 0.8 - 1.2 cm long. Annual growth in height 30 cm, width 10 cm. Shade-tolerant. It is undemanding to the soil, tolerates both dryness and excessive soil moisture, but prefers fresh, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Frost-resistant. Handles haircut well. Application: single plantings, groups, hedges.

"Wagneri" ("Wagneri"). Small tree, 3.5 m tall. The crown is dense, dense, narrowly conical, directed upwards, graceful. Shoots thin, ascending or slightly drooping. The needles are thin, green or grayish-green. Grows best in free and open spaces. Winter-hardy. Rooted by summer (65%) and winter (100%) cuttings. Arose in 1890 in the nursery of Karl Wagner in Leipzig from the seeds of the western arborvitae "Vareana". Recommended for planting singly and in groups near residential buildings. It is desirable to use when creating a hedge.

There are several young trees in the LTA Dendrosad, which are not frost-free and well developed.

In GBS since 1952, 1 sample (13 copies) was obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS. Multi-stemmed tree, at 38 years old, height 4.9 m, crown diameter 240 cm. Vegetation from 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 1.5-6 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is complete.

Thuja occidentalis "Wareana" Photo EDSR. "Vareana" ("Wareana"). A small tree or shrub with a dense cone-shaped or pyramidal crown, height - 5 - 7 m. Shoots spaced from the trunk, fan-shaped, elastic. Twigs are thick, short, standing upright. The needles are bright green, without a brown tint. Propagated by summer cuttings (88%), lignified (75 - 100%). It appeared in culture in the second half of the 19th century in Europe. Well propagated by seeds and cuttings (60%). Recommended for single and group plantings, for hedges near houses. Highly valued in ornamental horticulture. The form is not very uniform and variable, as it is often grown from seed. A valuable winter-hardy form, available in the collection of the Forestry Academy. In GBS since 1957, 2 samples (3 copies) were obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at 20 years old, height 5.2 m, crown diameter 190 cm. Vegetation from 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 3-5 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is below average.

"Vareana Lutescens", Vareana Yellowing("Wareana Lutescens"). Similar in habitus to the Wareana form, but lower, it can reach (depending on conditions) 1.5-2.5 m in height at 10-15 years. With age, the crown becomes wider. The needles are light yellow-green in summer, have a brighter color in the first half of the growing season, acquire a bronze hue in winter. The coloration is unusual for arborvitae, and this cultivar can be used to create colorful compositions in combination with other forms, to create different color shades. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer and winter cuttings (98 - 100%). Appeared in the nursery of G. Gosse in 1891 (Germany). Recommended for single and group plantings in gardens and alpiaria.

In St. Petersburg, in the nurseries of E. L. Regel and Ya. K. Kesselring since 1904. In the Botanical Garden, BIN has been known since 1913. At present (since 1995), younger specimens are grown, at the age of 12 they have reached 1, 5-1.7 m high.

"Vervena" ("Vervaeneana"). Highly beautiful shape. Tree up to 15 m tall, with a slender, narrow-conical crown. Shoots are thin. The branches are numerous, tender and soft, thick. The needles are light yellow or light green, bronze-brown in winter. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer (82%) and winter (100%) cuttings. It originated in 18b2 in the nursery of Vervain in Ledeberg (Belgium). Recommended for planting in tapeworms, groups, alleys near houses.

Well-developed specimens are in the collection of the Forest Engineering Academy.

In GBS since 1952, 2 samples (14 copies) of reproductions of GBS. Tree, at 38 years old, height 8.8 m, crown diameter 230 cm. Vegetation from 8.V110. Annual growth is 3-7.5 cm. Does not produce dust. Winter hardiness is high.

"Woodwardy"("Woodwardii"). Dwarf form. The crown is spherical, more wide-rounded in old age. Height -1.5 - 2.5 m, width - up to 5 m. Shoots and twigs are straight, flat. The needles are dark green in summer and winter, the same color on both sides. The place of origin is unknown, the time of introduction into culture is before 1923. winter hardy, but harsh winters the ends of annual shoots freeze slightly. Propagated by cuttings (75 - 100%). Recommended for group plantings on rocky areas and lawns.

In GBS since 1952, 1 sample (6 copies) was obtained from the Netherlands. Shrub, at the age of 17, height 1.6 m, crown diameter 100 cm. Vegetation from 8.V ± 9. Annual growth 1-3.5 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is below average.

"Getz Midet"("Hetz Midget"). Rounded, very slow growing dwarf form; shoots are quite powerful; annual growth is about 2.5 cm. The needles are green. In 1925, selected as a seedling in the Fairview Nursery; imported in 1942

"Goetz Wintergreen"("Hetz wintergreen"). Form Keglevidny, very fast-growing. The needles remain green and beautiful in winter. Hetz, USA, before 1950

Thuja occidentalis "Globosa" photo left Konstantin Alexandrov Photo on the right EDSR. "Globoza", Spherical ("Globosa"). Dwarf form 1.2 m high and about 1 m wide. The shape of the crown is rounded. The shoots are straight and flat, lifted up, densely arranged, overlapping, evenly expanding to the sides. The needles are scaly, light green in spring, green in summer and gray-green or brownish in winter, with shiny glands. Winter-hardy. Propagated by cuttings. Known in culture since 1874. Suitable for single and group plantings in rock gardens, in containers for roof gardening. In St. Petersburg, in the nurseries of E. L. Regel and K. Ya. Kesselring since 1878, in BIN since 1891. Plants of this form in the thuja alley of the BIN Botanical Garden, planted on May 9, 1945, after 60 years reached from 3.3 to 3.45 m in height. Also available in the collection of the Forestry Academy. In many other gardens, plants grown under this name do not exceed 1.25 m in height. At present, in terms of decorativeness, compactness, crown density, it has surpassed other spherical cultivars. In GBS since 1950, 2 samples (6 copies) were obtained by cuttings from Lviv, there is a reproduction of GBS. Shrub, at 20 years old, height 1.3 m, crown diameter 100 cm. Vegetation from 8.V ± 10. Annual growth up to 5 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is high. 100% of winter cuttings rooted, treated with a 0.01% IMC solution for 24 hours.

Globoza Nana, Spherical Low ("Globosa Nana"") Dwarf shrub up to 0.3 m tall. It resembles small green balls in appearance. The crown is compact, spherical. The needles are small, scaly, dark green with a shiny gland. In winter, the needles brighten and turn gray. It grows extremely slowly and forms a dense form. Worse than other forms, it tolerates dry air, needs some shading and more frequent watering. Fruiting. Propagated by seeds and cuttings (47%), known in culture since the second half of the 20th century. Recommended for rocky gardens where it can be planted singly or in groups. Very decorative in the foreground of mixed groups.

"Goveya" ("Hoveyi"). Dwarf form 1 - 1.5 m tall. The crown is ovoid-rounded. Shoots are strictly straight, thin, reddish, located in perpendicular to the plane, which creates an external resemblance to the eastern biota. The needles are light green in summer, not shiny, brown in winter, with glands on both sides. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer (75%) and winter (100%) cuttings. Known in culture since 1868. Recommended for single and group plantings on rocky areas, for growing in containers.

In GBS since 1957 1 copy. obtained by seedlings from Poland. At 22 years old, height 5.3 m, crown diameter 170 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is average.

"Gracilis" (Gracilis). The form is fast-growing, loose; the branches are long and thin, beautifully diverge in all directions; shoots are thin, densely standing. The scales are oblong, thin, light green. KHN 204. 1875 Old English variety.

Thuja occidentalis "Danica" Photo left EDSR Photo right Golubitskaya Lyubov Fedorovna "Danica"("Danica"). Dwarf form. The variety was bred in Denmark in 1948. Height 0.6 m, crown diameter 1 m. The crown is spherical. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, exfoliating. The needles are scaly, dense, green, soft, shiny, in winter - brownish-green. Slow growing shade-tolerant. It is undemanding to the soil, tolerates dryness of the soil and excessive moisture, but prefers fresh, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Frost-resistant. Application: single landings, groups, rocky slides. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1992 (obtained from Prague, Czech Republic).

"Dutlasi Pyramidalis", Douglas Pyramidal("Douglasii Pyramidalis"). It looks like a cypress. The shape of the crown is narrow, columnar, height - 10 - 15 m. The shoots are thin, very short, straight. Twigs green, protruding. look like fern leaves. The needles are marsh green, flat. On the lower branches, it dries early and partially falls off. Bred at the beginning of the 20th century in the Arnold Arboretum (USA) and taken from there by Shpet to Berlin (Germany). Winter-hardy. Very shade tolerant. Propagated by summer (68%) and winter (100%) cuttings. It is recommended to plant it in groups or singly near houses. It is also suitable for hedges. Close to Thuja occidentalis "Spiralis", has no advantages over it.

Known since 1891. Soon after that, it appeared in St. Petersburg: in the Botanical Garden of BIN (1912) and at the nurseries of E. L. Regel and K. Ya. Kesselring (1914).

In GBS since 1950, 1 sample (8 copies) was grown from seeds obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at 39 years old, height 9.0 m, crown diameter 240 cm. Vegetation from 11.V ± 8, annual growth 5-8 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is complete.

"Dumosa"("Dumosa"). Dwarf form, crown height and diameter 1 m, flattened or slightly rounded crown, irregular. Branching as in the form "Recurva Nana" (often confused with it), but the shoots are not so evenly curved and partially also completely flat, at the top there are many vertically arranged thin shoots about 10 -15 cm long, and very few branched shoots, like in a typical thuja western, which are also not flat, but curved, but short, more branched. Often used in alpinaria.

"Europe Gold" ("Europe Gold"). The variety was bred in Holland in 1974. Reminiscent of the yellow "Smaragd", but very slow growing. Bush. Height 4 m. Crown diameter 1 - 1.2 m. The crown is narrow pyramidal, then conical. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, exfoliating. The needles are scaly, dense, in winter - golden yellow, orange when blooming. Annual growth "in height 10 cm, width 5 cm. It grows slowly Shade-tolerant. It is undemanding to the soil, tolerates dry soil and excessive moisture, but prefers dry, sufficiently moist fertile loam. It tolerates shearing. Frost-resistant. Application: single plantings, groups , hedges, alleys. In St. Petersburg (BIN) since 1994, it is quite winter-hardy, at the age of 13 it reaches the height of human growth (160-180 cm). photo right Korzhavin Konstantin Photo on the left EDSR.

"Indomitable"("Indomitable"). "Elegantissima" mutation, fast growing form; rising branches. The needles are dark green, but reddish-brown in winter. Around 1960, L. Conein, Reyuvik, Holland. Especially winter hardy.

Thuja occidentalis "Columna" "Garden Collection" Photo right Pavlova Natalia "Columna" ("Columna"). Upright coniferous with a narrow columnar crown, short branches, densely and horizontally extending. Grows slowly. Height up to 10m. The annual growth is about 15 cm. The crown diameter is up to 1.5 m, the growth in width is about 5 cm. The bark is red-brown, rough. The needles are scaly, dense, dark green, shiny, do not change color in winter. The roots are thin, dense, with mycorrhiza. It is not picky about soils, grows on both acidic and alkaline, moist and fertile substrates. Sensitive to compaction of the soil surface. Location: sunny or partial shade Quite winter-hardy. Application: single specimens or groups, suitable for hedges. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1936. It is also grown in the Forest Engineering Academy.

"Compact", Dense ("Compacta""). Dwarf form, derived from the "Pyramidal Dense" form. Not a large tree or shrub, up to 2 m high and 1 m wide. The crown is pyramidal, thickening and becoming ovoid with age. It does not have large branches, flatly spaced like the type. Blue-green needles, slow growing, winter-hardy, rooting rate 75% by summer cuttings, 100% by winter cuttings Described by Pearson from the USA around 1850. Recommended for single plantings, group plantings, for hedges.

In GBS since 1938, 1 sample (3 copies) was obtained by 5-year-old seedlings from Kyiv. Shrub, at the age of 56, height 10 m, crown diameter 290 cm. Vegetation from 13.V ± 8. Annual growth 5 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is complete.

"Crystata", Comb ("Cristata"). Slender graceful tree 3 - 5 m tall. The crown is rounded, flattened. The branches are short, directed comb-like upwards. The needles are gray-green. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer (93%) and winter (100%) cuttings. It has been known in culture since 1867. Recommended for single and group plantings, for hedges near houses.

In GBS since 1952, 3 samples (9 copies) were grown from cuttings obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS, there are GBS reproduction plants. Tree, at 20 years old, height 4.0 m, crown diameter 170 cm. Vegetation from 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 7 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is complete.

In St. Petersburg in the Catalogs of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring since 1904. In the Botanical Garden of BIN since 1990, winter-hardy.

Thuja occidentalis "Little Gem" Photo EDSR. "Little Jam" ("Little Gem"). Dwarf form with a crown width of up to 2 m, and the height is much less. The crown is flat-round, flattened. The branches are rough, straight, rising, twisted branches. The needles are dark green, brown in winter. The form is close to "Recurva Nana". Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer cuttings (62%). It is recommended to plant in groups or singly on rocky areas, suitable for creating a hedge. Known since 1891. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1984 (cuttings from Salaspils, Latvia). In GBS since 1973, 1 sample (7 copies) was obtained by cuttings from Lvov. Shrub, at the age of 17, height 0.55 m, crown diameter 70 cm. Vegetation from 18.V ± 10. Annual growth 0.5 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is high.

"Pumila" ("Pumila") Shrub up to 2 m tall. In GBS since 1952, 1 sample (4 copies) was obtained by seedlings from the Netherlands. Tree, at 20 years old crown diameter 130 cm. Vegetation from 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 1.5- 2 cm.

Thuja occidentalis "Piramidalis compacta" Photo by Nadezhda Dmitrieva "Pyramidalis Compact", Pyramidal Dense("Pyramidalis Compacta"). Tree up to 10 m tall. The crown is narrowly conical. The shoots are densely branched, strong, tightly pressed to each other, short. The needles are large, scaly, light green, with a faint sheen. Winter-hardy. Known in culture since 1904, widespread. Recommended for single and group landings. In GBS since 1952, 2 samples (10 copies) were obtained by green cuttings from the Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at 38 years old, height 9.0 m, crown diameter 150 cm. Vegetation from 7.V±10. Annual growth is 5-12 cm. Does not produce dust. Winter hardiness I. 62% of winter cuttings take root without treatment.

Thuja occidentalis "Rheingold" Photo EDSR. "Ringold"("Rheingold"). Transitional form, at a young age the crown is spherical, later - wider, height - up to 1.5 m. The shoots are thin. Young growing twigs have a beautiful pinkish tint. The needles are light golden yellow, partly needle-like, partly scaly. Propagated by cuttings (48%). Recommended for single and group plantings on rocky areas, as well as for growing in containers. Plants cultivated under the name Rheingold are nothing more than propagated "ericoid" young shoots of Thuja occidentalis f. Ellwangeriana Aurea, shoots with needle-like leaves. Plants propagated in this way retain their golden yellow for a long time, only in winter becoming copper-yellow. In older plants, more and more scaly leaves appear with age, respectively, there is a return to the original form of Ellwangeriana Aurea. Thuja called Rheingold appeared in culture around 1900 in Lübeck (Germany). In St. Petersburg, E. L. Wolf (1917) was the first to experience it. In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1984 (received by cuttings from Latvia, Salaspils), freezes in cold winters. Here it is a slow growing tree with a wide conical crown. Also available in the collection of the Arboretum of the Forestry Engineering Academy.

"Riversi"("Riversi"). Tree up to 5 m tall. The crown is compact, wide-conical. Shoots are short, everted. The needles are yellow in summer, yellowish-green in winter. Winter-hardy. Propagated by cuttings (65 - 75%). Recommended for hedges and group plantings on rocky areas, or singly on the lawn.

In GBS since 1958, 1 sample (12 copies) was obtained from Nizhny Novgorod. Tree, at 30 years old, height 5.0 m, crown diameter 140 cm. Vegetation from 12.V ± 8. Annual growth 7-12 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is average.

"Rosenthals"("Rosenthalii"). The shape is uniformly columnar, up to 5 m tall. Shoots are short, dense, straight, standing perpendicular. Branches numerous, slightly rounded. The needles are dark green, shiny. It grows extremely slowly. Introduced into culture in 1884. Often found only in Europe. Winter-hardy. Rooting by summer cuttings is 92%, by winter cuttings - 100%. Recommended for single and group plantings, hedges.

In St. Petersburg in the nurseries of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring since 1909. In the Botanical Garden of the BIN since 1949, samples of younger plants are currently being grown.

In GBS since 1955, 1 sample (9 copies) was obtained from Holland. Tree, 34 years old, height 2.3 m, crown diameter 120 cm. Vegetation from 8.V ± 10. Annual growth 1.5-3 cm, grows slowly. Dusty from 5.V±6 to 12.V±4. Seeds ripen by the beginning of November, spill out of the boxes in December. Winter hardiness is complete.

"Salaspils" ("Salaspils" (Th. occidentalis "Globosa Salaspils"). Dwarf, slow growing, profusely branching bushy form, with dense spherical crown. Reaches only 55 cm in height at 30 years old. The green color of the needles does not change in winter. It is a mutation, selection from seedlings from the cultivar "Globosa". Received in the Salaspils Botanical Garden, Latvia, in 1928-1932. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1984, cuttings directly from Salaspils.

"Sunkist"("Sunkist"). Dwarf form. Height 3 - 5 m, crown diameter 1 - 2 m. The crown is conical. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, exfoliating. The needles are scaly, golden yellow, when blooming - yellow, in winter - bronze. Grows slowly. Photophilous. It is undemanding to the soil, tolerates dryness of the soil and excessive moisture, but prefers fresh, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Burying tolerates a haircut. Frost-resistant. Application: single landings, groups. Known as an improved version of T. occidentalis "Lutea".

Thuja occidentalis "Smaragd" Photo on the left of Alexandra Shcherbakova, "Garden Collection" company Photo on the right EDSR. "Emerald"("Smaragd"). Squat form up to 2 m tall. The crown is cone-shaped, branching weakly. Shoots are located in a vertical plane. Twigs are far apart, glossy, fresh green in summer and winter. Obtained in 1950 in Denmark (Kvistchard). Currently in great demand among plant lovers. Propagated by cuttings (53%). Recommended for groups and single landings. Can be tested when creating a hedge. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1993. It is also grown in the Arboretum of the Forest Engineering Academy.

Thuja occidentalis "Spiralis" Photo EDSR. "Spiralis" ("Spiralis"). A tree with a narrow conical crown, up to 15 m tall. The shoots are twisted with a screw and turned so that they resemble a spiral when viewed from above. Twigs are short, reminiscent of the leaves of some ferns. The needles are bluish-green. In terms of growth rate, it surpasses all other forms of western thuja. Known in culture since 1920. Place of origin unknown. Propagated by seeds. With seed propagation, 30% of seedlings inherit form traits. Rooting by summer cuttings is 95%. Winter-hardy. Recommended for single and group landings. Effective in alleys. In culture since 1920. BIN has been known in the Botanical Garden since 1948, and is also available in LTA. In GBS since 1957, 2 samples (7 copies) were obtained from Denmark, the Netherlands. Tree, 33 years old, height 8.6 m, crown diameter 160 cm. Vegetation from 12.V ± 10. Annual growth 5-9 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is average.

Thuja occidentalis "Stolwijk" Photo on the left EDSR. photo right Andrey Ganov "Stolviyk" ("Stolwijk"). A new cultivar, which is not yet in the world dendrological directories. Obtained in Holland, at the Stolwijk Nursery nursery, in 1986 (Erhardt, 2005). Original low form, in youth with a hemispherical or wide pyramidal crown, at 10 years old reaches about 1 m tall.The lower part of the crown is dense, the upper - sparse, sometimes multi-stemmed.Summer needles are green, young growth is white-yellow.In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1998, it is quite winter-hardy, forms cones, and is easily bred from cuttings.

Thuja occidentalis "Tiny Tim" Photo of Golubitskaya Lyubov Fedorovna "Tiny Tim" ("Tiny Tim"). Dwarf form, bred in 1955, very beautiful. Height 0.5 -1 m, crown diameter 1 - 1.5 m. The crown is spherical, short and dense branches. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, exfoliating. The needles are scaly, dark green. At 10 years old, the height of plants of this form is 30 cm, the diameter of the crown is 40 cm. It grows slowly. Photophilous. It is undemanding to soils, tolerates dry soil and excessive moisture, but prefers fresh, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Frost-resistant. Application: single landings, groups, on rocky hills.

"Tuyopsoides" ("Thujopsoides"). The needles resemble Japanese tuevik, vigorous growth, with a free crown and larger cones. Known until 1894, first appeared in Duisburg (Germany). Grown on the Karelian Isthmus, in the Arboretum of the scientific experimental station of the BIN "Otradnoe" since 1986 (received from Salaspils, Latvia).

"Umbrakulifera", Umbrella ("Umbraculifera"). Dwarf form up to 1.5 m tall. The crown is flat-rounded, almost umbrella-shaped from above. Shoots are straight. The ends of the branches are thin, rounded, slightly drooping. The needles are juicy, small, dark green with a bluish tint. Winter-hardy. Grows slowly. Fruits moderately. Propagated by seeds, more often - summer cuttings (92%), winter - 100%. Appeared in 1890 in Germany. Recommended for single and group plantings on rock gardens, lawns, for growing in containers.

In St. Petersburg, in the nurseries of E. L. Regel and J. K. Kesselring since 1903. In the Botanical Garden, BIN reaches 1.4 m in height at the age of 22 with the same crown width.

In GBS since 1957, 1 sample (2 copies) was obtained by cuttings from the Lipetsk LSOS. Shrub, at the age of 38, height 0.55 m, crown diameter 120 cm. Vegetation from 17.V ± 10. Annual growth 1.5-3.5 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is high.

"Fastigiata", Equal High ("Fastigiata"). Very variable shape. A tree with a columnar crown, 15m tall. It looks like a cypress tree. The shoots are tightly pressed to the trunk, directed partially down. The branches are numerous. Needles from light to dark green. Unlike other forms, it retains its green color to a greater extent in winter. Grows fast. It is better than others to put up with air pollution. Widely known and loved by all. Winter-hardy. It is easy to grow from seeds, but the seed offspring will not always be uniform. Propagated by summer (95%) and winter (60%) cuttings. Recommended for single and group plantings near houses.

Known since 1865. In St. Petersburg in the nurseries of E. L. Regel and K. Ya. Kesselring since 1903, in the Botanical Garden of BIN since 1937. It is also grown in the Arboretum of the Forestry Engineering Academy. Stable and reliable form, promising for hedges.

In GBS since 1938, 5 samples (19 copies) were obtained from Potsdam (Germany), Lipetsk LSOS, Trostyanets arboretum (Ukraine), there are GBS reproduction plants. Tree, 52 years old, height 1.8 m, crown diameter 230 cm. Vegetation from 9.V ± 8. Annual growth 8-13 cm. Dust from 17.V ± 4 to 24.V ± 3, irregularly. Seeds ripen at the end of October. Winter hardiness is complete.

"Filikoides" ("Filicoides"). Shrub. In GBS since 1947. Seedlings were obtained from Germany. Currently, one sample of reproduction of GBS since 1965. At 28 years old, height 4.5 m, crown diameter 260 cm. Vegetation from 10.V ± 7. Annual growth is about 15 cm.

Thuja occidentalis "Filiformis" Photo Popova Annette "Filiformis", Filamentous ("Filiformis"). A small tree up to 1.5 m tall. The crown is dense, wide cone-shaped or rounded. Shoots are long, hanging, filiform, slightly branched. Young needles are scaly, light green with distinct resinous glands. In winter it turns brown. Winter-hardy, Propagated by cuttings (62%) and seeds. Known in culture since 1901, brought to Europe from North America. Recommended for group plantings on the lawn and for growing in containers. In St. Petersburg, E. L. Wolf (1917) was the first to test it. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1955 (currently young plants). Good specimens are in the collection of the Forestry Academy. In GBS since 1970, 1 sample (2 copies) was obtained from the Lipetsk LSOS with live plants. Shrub, at 20 years old, height 1.2 m, crown diameter 110 cm. Vegetation from 12.V ± 10. Annual growth 1.5 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is high.

Thuja occidentalis "Holmstrup" Photo by Alexander Zhukov "Holmstrup"("Holmstrup"). The variety was obtained in Denmark in 1951 Breeder A. R. Jensen. Bush. Height 3 - 4 m, crown diameter 0.8 - 1 m. The crown is conical. The bark is reddish or grayish-brown, exfoliating. The needles are scaly, dense, green. Annual growth in height 12 cm, width 4 cm, grows slowly. Shade-tolerant. It is undemanding to the soil, tolerates dryness of the soil and excessive moisture, but prefers fresh, sufficiently moist fertile loams. Handles haircut well. Frost-resistant. Application: single plantings, groups, hedges, alleys. "Holmstrup vellow" - a mutation of "Holmstrup" with yellow needles. In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1992. In terms of winter hardiness, it does not differ from a typical western arborvitae.

"Elegantnssima", Graceful ("Elegantissima"). Tree up to 5 m tall. The crown is dense, wide-conical, graceful. The needles are brightly colored, shiny. The ends of the shoots have a whitish tint. Winter-hardy. Abundantly fruit-sieve. It is difficult to propagate by cuttings (up to 14%) and seeds. When sowing, only a part of the seedlings inherits the signs of the form. Known in culture since 1930. Recommended for single and group landings on the lawn.

Thuja occidentalis "Ellwangeriana" Photo EDSR. "Ellvangeriana" ("Ellwangeriana"). Transitional form, 2.5 m high. The crown is broadly conical, in young trees it is pyramidal. Shoots are straight, thin-pinnate. The ends of the branches are strongly branched. The needles on young shoots are soft, needle-like, on older ones - scaly, flat, pressed, in winter - grayish. Winter-hardy. Propagated by summer (54%) and winter (97 - 100%) cuttings, as well as seeds. Originated in 1869, apparently in North America. Recommended for group plantings near houses and as a tapeworm. Very graceful plant for single landings in the foreground. In GBS since 1947, 3 samples (16 copies) were obtained from Brno (Slovakia), the Netherlands. Tree, 49 years old, height 7.2 m, crown diameter 380 cm. Vegetation from 18.V ± 10. Annual growth 8-15 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is complete.

Thuja occidentalis "Ellwangeriana Aurea" Photo Popova Annette "Ellvangeriana Aurea", Ellvangeriana Golden ("Ellwangeritina Aurea"). A yellow offspring mutant from the form of "Ellvangeriana", originated in the nursery of Shpet in 1895 (Germany). The pactet is slow and reaches about 1 m in height, often has several peaks. The crown is ovoid. The needles are scaly and needle-shaped, golden-bronze in color, golden yellow in winter. Young growing twigs have a beautiful pinkish hue. Shoots are thin. Suffers from sunburn and sometimes from severe frosts. Shoots are densely branched. Propagated by summer (52%) and winter (100%) cuttings. Recommended for single and group plantings, for growing in containers. It is very decorative, goes well with the pyramidal green forms of the thuja, retains its golden color well. In GBS since 1957, 2 samples (11 copies) were obtained from England, there are GBS reproduction plants. Tree, aged 33, height 4.6 m, crown diameter 260 cm. Vegetation from 15.V ± 10. Annual growth 5-8 m. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is high.

Thuja occidentalis "Ericoides" Photo on the left EDSR. photo right Mironova Irina "Ericoides"", Heather ("Ericoides"). Dwarf form up to 1 m tall. Reminds me of juniper. The crown is rounded, wide-conical, multi-topped. Shoots are thin, flexible, straight and curved, numerous. The needles are subulate, up to 8 mm long, soft, dull yellow-green above, gray-green below, brownish in winter. Grows fast. Only young plants are decorative, old specimens have many dead shoots and needles. Known as a low-hardy form, perennial shoots freeze over. Easily propagated by cuttings (88%). Effective in group plantings. Used to create dwarf gardens and design flower beds. Known since 1867. In St. Petersburg in the nurseries of E. L. Regel and K. Ya. Kesselring since 1901. There can be quite a lot of dried shoots and needles in the crown, drying out from below increases with age and with poor planting. It is grown in the collections of the BIN Botanical Garden and the scientific experimental station Otradnoye. In GBS since 1957, 3 samples (8 copies) were obtained from Poland (seedlings), from the Lipetsk LSOS, Lvov, Sochi. Shrub, at 20 years old, height 1.5 m, crown diameter 80 cm. Vegetation from 18.V ± 9. Annual growth 3-5 cm. Low winter hardiness.

Location: can grow in full sun and partial shade. In sunny places it sometimes suffers from fluctuations in temperature or becomes dehydrated from frost and dries out. It is better to plant in places protected from the wind. Winter-hardy (some forms are less frost-resistant, primarily with youthful juvenile needles, as well as some golden ones). It grows relatively slowly.

The soil: soddy or leafy soil, peat, sand (2:1:1) with the addition of 500 g of nitroammophoska for each adult plant when planting mineral fertilizers. It can grow on any soil: swampy, peaty, clay, dry sandy loam, etc.

Landing: the distance between plants is from 0.5 to 3, rarely 5 m, in a hedge with a two-row planting between rows 0.5 - 0.7 m, in a row 0.4 - 0.5 m. It is recommended to arrange thuja alleys with a width of 6 - 8 m with an interval between trees of 4 m. Planting depth 60 - 80 cm, depending on the clod of the earth, as well as the height and diameter of the crown of the plant. Root collar at ground level. Drainage with a layer of 15 - 20 cm on underlying clay or pipes in trenches in swamps.

Thuja hedge
Photo Solovieva Elena

Care: in the spring it is recommended to apply "Kemira Universal" at the rate of 100 - 120 g / m 2, only two years after planting, if a full mineral fertilizer was applied. The first month after planting, it is recommended to water once a week for 10 liters per plant and to carry out sprinkling. In the dry season, watering 15 - 20 liters per plant and 2 times a week, as well as sprinkling. Tui love moist soils, thinning in dry places and in the shade of the crown. Loosening is shallow 8-10 cm, because the thuja has a superficial root system. It is desirable to mulch with peat or wood chips with a layer of 7 cm. Removal of dry shoots annually in the spring. Haircut in a hedge is moderate, no more than 1 /3 run length. Crown shaping as needed. Mature plants are quite winter-hardy. In the first winter after planting, young plants need shelter. Their needles should be protected from winter and spring sunburn by covering the plants with spruce branches or kraft paper.

Usage: thuja occidentalis and its forms are the most valuable material for green building in most of Russia, with the exception of the extreme northeast of the European part of Russia, the extreme northern part of the forest zone of Siberia and the arid southern steppe and semi-desert regions, where it can be replaced by biota. Resistance to urban conditions allows this breed to be widely used in urban landscaping, and a wide variety of decorative forms makes it possible to create a wide variety of compositions. In green building, it is used for solitary plantings (this is especially true garden forms), as well as for planting alleys, monumental walls and hedges different heights. For forestry purposes, it is of interest as an undergrowth species and for planting on excessively moist soils.

Partners: goes well with hemlock, cypress, European larch, oriental spruce, etc.

When creating natural fences, many are lost in the choice, not knowing which type of plant is best for this. A thuja hedge can be an excellent solution to this issue.

This is what a thuja hedge looks like

Thuja for hedges - the best choice

Why can a thuja for a hedge become the best choice? There are many reasons for this:

• Tuya is, first of all, evergreen, which can delight with juicy greenery and brightness of color in both winter and summer;
• These plants live for many years without requiring special care;
• Thujas tolerate shearing and shaping well, they can even be used to create figured green sculptures;
• Thuja has a healing effect, as it releases special substances - phytoncides, which purify the air around plants from harmful microorganisms;
• These plants grow easily in breadth, which makes it possible to create a dense fence with their help;
• Certain varieties can grow up to 20 meters in height, while dwarf arborvitae do not exceed 80 cm.

The thuja hedge does an excellent job of snow-retaining function. A row of thujas will reliably protect the site from the penetration of dust and gases, the noise of the outside world and create a cozy atmosphere in the garden.
Tui fit into almost any design and actively grow on almost any type of soil.

Tui varieties for hedges

Depending on the wishes of the owner of the site and the purpose of creating a fence, thuja varieties are selected for.

Tuya Brabant

Western thuja Brabant is considered a fast-growing variety. This type of thuja is resistant to frost and does not change the color of the crown throughout the year. An adult tree grows up to 20 meters in height and up to four meters in diameter, so representatives of this variety are planted at a distance of at least 2-3 meters from each other. Annually the plant adds up to 40 cm up and 15 cm wide. The shape of the crown during the natural formation of the thuja Brabant is usually conical. The needles can be various shades of green, from light to dark. In spring, the tree begins to bloom, and small cones up to 1 cm long form on it.

This is what thuja Brabant bushes look like

Thuja Brabant develops well on any type of soil both in the sun and in the shade, preferring partial shade. The plant requires moderate watering.

Tuya Smaragd

Thuja Smaragd is also distinguished by its juicy green color during all seasons. The tree reaches a height of 3-5 meters, and in girth grows up to two meters. The dense narrow pyramidal crown usually has an emerald green hue.

This variety is considered hardy and thrives well in shade and sunlit areas.

Thuja Smaragd is unpretentious to the types of soil, however, the best growth this variety excels on loamy soils with lime content. The tree grows quite slowly and lives up to 150 years. The annual growth of thuja Smaragd does not exceed 10 cm in height and 5 cm in width.

Thuja Holmstrup

Decorative thuja Holmstrup grows up to three to four meters in height. Usually, the crown retains its bright green shade in winter. Every year the tree adds 12 cm in height.

An example of a living fence from arborvitae Holmstrup

The variety is resistant to wind loads, low temperatures, waterlogging and dry weather.

Tuya Sunkist

Thuya Sunkist reaches a height of four meters, and grows up to 2 meters in diameter. Every year the tree adds about 15 cm in height. The branched branches of the thuja of this variety have a shape twisted to the ends and form a conical crown.

Sunkist in spring is distinguished by a lemon-yellow shade of the crown, and in summer the needles acquire a golden yellow hue. In autumn and winter, the bronze color of the needles pleases the eye. This variety loves sunny places, which is why it got its name (“san” in English means “sun”). In the sun, the crown acquires a particularly beautiful golden hue.

Thuya Yellow Ribbon

The Yellow Ribbon variety grows up to two meters in height and up to 80 cm in diameter. Tree growth is moderate, about 10–20 cm per year. The natural shape of the crown is pyramidal, it is very loose, but with constant pruning it becomes denser.

Thuja tree nursery Yellow Ribbon

The color of the needles in young trees is close to orange, in older trees it is light green in summer and yellowish-brown in winter. Thuja Yellow Ribbon is demanding on soil fertility, therefore it does not grow well on dry or waterlogged soils. For hedges, the planting density is approximately two trees per meter of fencing.

Dwarf varieties of thuja

Among the dwarf varieties, thuja Danica, Little Dorrit, Teddy and Hozeri can be especially distinguished. These small trees suitable for the formation of low hedges used for internal delimitation on the site. Tuya Danica has spherical shape and reaches a height of 80 cm and one meter in diameter. The peculiarity of the variety is the presence of thin needles and twigs growing vertically upwards.
Variety Little Dorrit is frost-resistant. The crown of the tree has the shape of a ball up to 100 cm in diameter, and the height of the thuja can reach 60 cm.
Teddy is a small spherical thuja with a dense crown. The bush grows up to 30-40 cm in height. In the summer, the needles of the Teddy thuja are rich green, and by autumn it acquires a brownish-orange hue. Tuya Khozeri rises above ground level by only half a meter. In autumn, the green needles of the thuja acquire a bronze hue. Hoseri prefers partial shade, although it can also grow in the sun.

Planting and caring for thuja

Tui is usually very undemanding trees, grow well in both dry and wet soils. However, in order for the plant to take root well, it is worth adhering to certain rules during landing and initial care.

Site preparation and planting material

Depending on the variety and strength of the growth of trees, the distance between individual plants in the hedge is selected. For tall thujas, it can reach 2-3 meters, for medium-sized plants with a low intensity of growth - from 50 to 100 cm. Very small ones are planted every 30–40 cm when forming internal hedges. If desired, planting in one or two rows is possible, as well as the formation of a multi-stage hedge using different varieties.

Most varieties of thuja prefer partial shade, that is, sun exposure in one half of the day and being in the shade in the other. These plants can thrive in shade or full sun, requiring a little more care in return. Growing thuja is possible from seeds, cuttings or seedlings. The first method is very difficult to implement, therefore it has not received much distribution among summer residents and gardeners.
The fact is that seed germination is quite low, and caring for young plants is very laborious. More often independent reproduction thuja occurs by growing cuttings. But even in this case, certain difficulties may arise. It is much easier to grow thuja in the form of a seedling purchased from a local nursery. This will allow you to make a minimum of effort, although it will require certain monetary costs.

Sort "Danica" ("Danica").

It is a shrub having a spherical shape, the diameter of which reaches no more than 100 cm.

Small fluffy balls look beautiful when combined with each other in plant picturesque compositions.

Variety "Little Champion" ("Little Champion").

A low shrub with a branchy crown stands out in alpine slide graceful unique form among the strict forms of other plants.

The plant changes the color of the needles depending on the season.

In summer, the thuja crown becomes light brown, and in winter period- bronze.

Variety "Tiny Tim" ("Tiny Tim").

Looks great among the stones.

The spherical crown reaches a diameter of 50 cm within 10 years.

However, growth here is very slow.

Grade "Globosa Nana" (Globosa Nana).
A low plant with a spherical crown and yellow-green needles in the form of scales.

This view fits very picturesquely into rock gardens, small flower beds when building a composition.

Thuja grows slowly.

Within 10 years reaches 50-60 cm in height.

Expert advice: these varieties need to be grown on poor soils so that they do not grow up and do not lose their shape.

The right approach to plant selection

Be careful with your choice dwarf thuja to beautifully arrange them in the landscape.

First, take into account all the specific qualities of the region in which you live, and the parameters of the site under the arborvitae: soil characteristics and access to the sun.

Choose types of tui, taking into account such characteristics as:

• shade tolerance;
• frost resistance;
• care conditions.

Before purchasing a dwarf thuja, you need to pay attention to them appearance. This will avoid growing in further plants with illnesses.

1. Exposed root system. The presence of earth on the roots helps to protect the shoot against the adverse effects of temperatures and various other factors. external environment. Pay attention to the development of the root system. If the root system is chopped off, then the plant most likely will not be able to take root in another area after transplantation.
2. Pay attention to the roots and trunk. Look at the condition of the seedling - its dryness. If the upper layer of the trunk is stratified, then given plant do not purchase, as it will quickly die.
3. Carefully examine the crown and trunk, see if the plant is healthy and if there are pests. It is clear that a diseased shoot should not be acquired, since no one guarantees that it will not die.

Landing

A low-growing plant can be planted at any time, but if planting is done in autumn or in early spring, then the shrub will be stronger and more resistant to environmental influences.

When planting, leave the root neck of the plant at ground level, do not place it deep and do not raise it above the ground so that the thuja does not get sick.

If there is stagnant water on the site (rain or melt), then it is necessary to build a drainage of about 0.2 m. Alleys from arborvitae should be planted 6-8 m wide with intervals between low bushes 4 m. When grouped between dwarf thujas, keep a 1-2 meter distance.

When planting small shrubs as a hedge in one row, keep a distance of 1 meter, etc. Remember that thuja will grow not only up, but also in width.

The guarantor of rapid growth and good development plants will become

• the right approach to choosing a variety;
• the presence of a healthy seedling;
• proper plant care.

Growing conditions

1. Tui grow in any conditions and on any soil: whether in sand, in clay or in turf, that is, thuja are unpretentious.
2. Low shrubs prefer soils with good layer humus, with sufficient moisture and low acidity.
3. A great fast growth low plants occurs in the sun and in partial shade. It is better not to grow in the shade, as the plants thin out and begin to lose their shape and lush greenery.
4. When deciding on the placement of tui, it is worth giving preference to a site where the sun is not all day. Shrubs do not like high temperatures and drought.
5. Tui love moisture, can and should grow in moist areas. Do not place thujas near groundwater! But it is worth remembering that arborvitae are quite drought-resistant, so in very dry times, water 2-3 times a week in the form of sprinkling so that the needles remain decorative.
6. Dwarf arborvitae are grown both in open ground and in pots. Low shrubs can be planted both singly and in groups, and also used as a hedge.

Care

The main care for thujas is moderate and well-organized watering.

The first month after planting, water 10 liters once a week, in dry times - 20 liters 2 times a week.

Soil moisture is the main condition for the presence of a luxurious and lively thuja crown. During the first three years after planting the shoot, loosen the soil around it, but do not exceed 0.1 m depth, since the root system is located actually on the surface.

When mulching the soil, use peat or sawdust with a layer of 7 cm. To prevent damage to the crown in winter with heavy snow, tie a low shrub in the fall.

And when spring comes, place the young thuja in the shade from sunburn with the help of covering materials and remove dry shoots. Cut hedge shrubs using only a powerful and sharp pruner, while cutting no more than a third of the plant.

Diseases and pests

Common thuja pests are:

• bark beetle;
• cypress aphid
• mite;
• scab.

The yellowing of the thuja indicates the presence of such troubles as:

• after improper planting - exposure of the root system or its excessive deepening into the ground;
• sunburn;
• fungal infections.

But yellowing of thuja is not always a sign of illness. It is typical for thujas to change the color of the needles with the first cold weather, in autumn they turn yellow, and in spring - green.

Use in rock gardens

A rock garden is an artificial landscape composition that imitates nature growing in a mountainous area, where coniferous plants occupy a special place.

For the formation of a miniature garden, small varieties of thuja are suitable, which are compact or slow growing, which makes it possible to correct their shape in time.

To form a landscape, you can use both one thuja and several, making up colorful compositions from them. Spherical low-growing varieties fit well into the theme of rock gardens: Danica, Little Champion, Tiny Tim, Globoza nana.

Watch the video in which the specialist explains in detail the features of growing dwarf thuja and other coniferous plants:

On garden plots, in squares, near administrative and office buildings you can see thuja - an ornamental plant with elegant carved branches. Let's talk about her.

These coniferous trees and shrubs are close relatives of proud cypresses. Most types of thuja are evergreen, but there are other shades: golden, blue, salad. The crown of the plants is quite dense, and the needles (very fragrant) are scaly. It is located crosswise. Among the branches, small cones are almost invisible, usually having a greenish color. The reddish-brown bark is smooth.

Species and varieties

There are two varieties of thuja: western and eastern. The last one is from East Asia. He loves heat and light very much, therefore it is grown in our country only in the form of indoor plants. They clean the air well in the room. Western thuja came to Europe in 1540 from North American and Canadian forests. The plant is frost-resistant, tolerates the domestic climate well. It is more often used for landscaping - not too troublesome and not very expensive.

In shape, spherical and cone-shaped varieties of western thuja are distinguished - there are more than 120 of them. Crowns are symmetrical, easy to form. In height there are both small (dwarf varieties no more than 30 centimeters) and large twelve-meter trees. With age, the pyramidal shape of the crown is transformed into an ovoid. Plants live for a long time - a century, or even twice as long.

Spherical varieties

There are many variations of thuja with a round crown shape. One of them - Danica - will be discussed in the article. They are well suited for decorating a rock garden, creating a hedge or incorporating them into picturesque flower-wood compositions. Five-year-old or seven-year-old trees can be planted on a permanent habitat. They are propagated by cuttings.

Partial shade and fertile loams are favorable for all species. ground water undesirable. If they are close, then drainage is needed - 20 cm. Soil mixture - two parts of the earth with the addition of one part of sand and peat. Plus mineral fertilizer. Plant only with a clod of earth! We place the neck of the root at ground level - certainly not higher and not lower. The first month under each tree weekly (in summer or when it is very dry - twice as often) pour 10 liters of water. When leaving, loosening, mulching are good.

Danica

This miniature spherical thuja variety received the name Danica because it appeared in Denmark in the middle of the last century. The plant is only 60 cm tall and with a meter crown volume has soft needles green (brownish-green in winter). The needles, thin, silky, stretch upwards.

Danica grows in height slowly - in one year from 4 to 5 cm. And the girth of the crown increases even less - about 3 or 4 cm. Maximum dimensions acquires a tree that is 15 years old. For propagation, the cutting method is used. You can take seedlings, which, when planted, are placed at a distance of 40 cm to 3 m.

You need to choose places without strong winds, not in deep shade. Partial shade or sun (only not scorching) - great option. The pit is deepened from 60 cm to a meter - depending on the size of the root system. In the spring they add organic matter, saltpeter, ash. In winter, it is desirable to cover young plants.

This variety is most commonly used for beautiful borders . The crown is malleable, and real works of art can be made from it. Animals, for example, or castle walls. Danica combines very well with ovoid and cone trees, forming magnificent compositions corresponding to the "golden section".

In the nursery, plants with a height of 25 to 40 cm will cost from 900 rubles to 3.2 thousand rubles.

Brabant

This variety (Brabant) grows fast. In the volume of a conical branched crown, it adds 15 cm per year, and in height - 40 cm each. In our latitudes, adult trees usually do not exceed 4 or 5 m. The branches fall beautifully to the very ground, and the needles do not lose their green color even in winter .

The variety is hardy and undemanding to any land, but it will look freshest on loams that are distinguished by fertility. And then the branches will thin out, and the foliage will turn pale. As well as in too dense a shade. And the scorching sun is not suitable for Brabant - in this case it will be hard to winter cold. But the penumbra is what you need. Landing ( better in spring) we make a hole up to a meter deep (in wet and heavy lands arrange drainage). Nitroammophoska will not be superfluous - half a kilogram under one tree (adult). When planting an alley of trees of this variety, they maintain an inter-row distance of 6 to 8 m, and the seedlings are dug in at a distance of 3 to 4 m from each other.

Young plants are protected from the cold by wrapping them in thick paper and burlap in the first and second years. And cover with spruce branches. And after 2 or 3 years (not earlier), you can start trimming, giving the desired shape. If we want to get a dense wall, then a couple of times a season we cut a tree. And do not be zealous - cut off a third of the shoot, no more.

This variety is good for framing garden plots and private houses. Trees can be planted in the form of an alley. Near public building or office plants will delight with greenery all year round.

In the nursery, seedlings of this species (height from 100 to 175 cm) will cost from 1.3 to 1.8 thousand rubles.

Emerald

Smaragd is very reminiscent of cypress with its grace, slenderness, narrow pyramidal crown (quite dense, up to 2 m in diameter). Trees grow up to 3–5 m, delighting with emerald green needles, which do not lose their freshness even in winter. Slow annual growth (up to 10 cm up, and half as wide) - distinguishing feature varieties. Smaragd lives up to 150 years.

The variety responds well to lands with lime content. Reproduction - cuttings or seeds, planting - in spring or summer. Planted with a clod of earth in the sun or in light shade, watered weekly. Loosen carefully, no deeper than 10 cm - the roots are close. The plant does not tolerate the dry season well - spraying is needed at this time. In the first winter they cover. A protective layer of mulch 5–8 cm will protect the roots. Pruning is done every 2 or 3 years.

The variety is suitable for creating garden compositions, and separately the trees are attractive. They are good as a container culture, and as a live green fence. They also have medicinal benefits - they clean and ionize the air.

In the nursery, plants of this species (height from 100 to 250 cm) will cost from 700 rubles to 15 thousand rubles.

Propagation by cuttings - planting thuja in the open field

The elementary method is with the help of cuttings. Even in a jar of water, they take root perfectly. They make cuttings in the autumn, when the shoots are strong and powerful. If you decide to use this method, do not collect too much water in the container. Let it be only at the bottom, otherwise the roots may rot. And lower the branches there a little - no more than three pieces.

If you want to get more strong plants, then it is better to plant cuttings in a greenhouse. They take shoots with stiff bark, which are 2 or 3 years old. You can take a young shoot 50 cm long with a piece of "heel" (wood from the trunk). They get this result by abruptly cutting off the branch.

Where we plant thuja, you need to achieve a humidity of 70 percent. To do this, you need to purchase a humidifier or constantly spray water. There should be a lot of light, so we make the walls and roof of the greenhouse transparent. You can also use lighting. The soil is common for thuja (earth, peat, sand).

The cuttings (with the needles removed below) need to lie down in the water for a couple of hours, and then they are treated with potassium permanganate and dug into the grooves, deepening by 2–3 cm. Then we regularly spray and wait until new shoots appear. Then you need to harden the plants, taking them out of the greenhouse into the air. In November, we cover the seedlings well and send them for the winter.

Growing seeds and caring for a tree at home

This method is longer, but it carries considerable benefits. For example, to make a living green fence, you can’t buy enough plants - it will come out expensive. And if you plant the seeds, then in 3-4 years you can get the seedlings yourself. And in any quantity. The first year will give an increase of only 7 cm, but the second - already 50!

To plant seeds, you need to prepare them correctly. This is done in August-September, while the cones are not yet open. They are cut off and placed in one layer on a spread oilcloth where it is dry and warm. When they open, you can take the seeds and plant them. This must be done immediately, otherwise after 3 months the germination will decrease.

In the fall, we either sow a garden bed on the site, or plant the seeds in a box. One part of sand, 4 parts of peat and 2 parts of earth is the best option. Then we draw the grooves every 5 or 6 cm, and put the seeds in them. Pour the earth mixture on top by 1 cm. The top of the box should rise 2 or 3 cm above its level. We ram it, we moisten it a little.

We put the box in the area under the tree and wait for the end of winter. As soon as the earth warms up to 10-15 degrees, the seeds will begin to germinate. It will take a couple of weeks, and shoots will appear. These seedlings do not yet have scales, but needles. Only after 2 or 3 months will the needles be the same as those of an adult tree.

Twice a month we carry out top dressing with complex mineral fertilizer. And then we leave it again for the winter. In the first autumn, the garden can be planted after 30 cm for growing (school). Add ash, humus and nitroammophoska.

For more information on how to plant a thuja, see the video:

Growing thuja is not too difficult. Seedlings are not afraid of either Russian cold weather or dry summer. You can grow a tree from a cutting, as well as seeds that have fallen out of the collected cones.

Wherein:

• bright greenery will delight in all seasons of the year;
• trees will live for a very long time, without requiring special care;
• healing and pleasant coniferous aroma will purify the air and improve health;
• a thuja hedge, skillfully designed, can be a source of pride.

There are more than 200 varieties of thuja. These varieties are usually divided into tall and short, and varieties with yellow needles are also distinguished. landscape designers use thuja not only to form hedges. Border varieties coniferous plant great for decoration and flower beds. Using different varieties of thuja in your area, you can create a wonderful green composition. Consider the thuja varieties that are most suitable for the foreground of the composition, and the trees specially bred to form a hedge.

Spherical varieties of thuja

Spherical varieties of thuja were bred to decorate flower beds on the site. These varieties belong to the curb subspecies of thuja. They grow very slowly, their height is not more than 1 m. Spherical varieties perfectly tolerate shearing and shaping, but they suffer very much from sharp frosts. These varieties should be planted next to tall bushes, for example, so that the thuja is protected from the wind and is in partial shade. A spherical thuja variety can reach a size of 90 cm in diameter. Such thujas are great for those areas, most of which are darkened by tall shrubs or trees. Among the globular varieties there are arborvitae with yellow needles, which perfectly complement the green varieties.

The most popular spherical thuja variety is Globoza. The tips of the branches of this bush are yellow, closer to the middle - the color becomes light green, and near the trunk itself - green.

Low-growing varieties of thuja

Low-growing varieties of thuja are great for decorating a plot with outbuildings. The height of these varieties reaches 3 m. Low-growing arborvitae tolerate frosts and autumn temperature changes well. Such varieties are most often used to form hedges. They are very decorative, as they are compact in size and almost never set seeds.

The most popular variety of undersized thuja is "Smaragd". You can buy a subspecies of this variety with yellow needles.

Tall varieties of thuja

Tall varieties of thuja are planted only on large plots. Height coniferous trees can reach 9 m. They are used to divide the site into zones or instead of columns in a hedge.

If your area has too much light for growing shade-loving cultures, plant at least one tall thuja. In five years it will be possible to make beds for shade-loving plants near it.