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Methodological documentation in construction

ZAO TsNIIOMTP

MDS 12-40.2008

Moscow 2008

The document was developed as a development and addition MDS 12-81.2007 and MDS 12-25.2006.

Document developedemployees of CJSC "TsNIIOMTP" (candidates of technical sciences V.V. Volodin and Yu.A. Korytov).

The document is intended for design and construction and installation organizations developing projects for the production of installation work. scaffolding.

INTRODUCTION

To accommodate workers, tools and materials during construction and repair work on the facades of buildings, including when they are insulated and finished by installing various hinged structures facade systems scaffolding is used.

Scaffolding is applicable for buildings and structures with a variety of architectural, planning and design parameters, configuration, height and length.

Scaffolding is indispensable in the cramped conditions of urban development, where they are used not only as a universal means of scaffolding, but also as a protective screen.

The complexity of scaffolding installation does not exceed, as a rule, 0.5 man-hours per 1 m 2 of the facade area.

Projects for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding are part of the main organizational and technological documents for construction and are in demand by local state supervision bodies in the preparation of permits for construction work.

The document applies directly to the installation of the most widely used rack attached scaffolding, manufactured according to the specifications of GOST 27321-87. Scaffolding can be of any degree of prefabrication (tubular, frame and frame) and diverse in design of nodal connections (clamp, hook, wedge or pin); at the same time, racks, frame and frame elements are joined using nozzles.

The project for the production of works consists of text and graphic parts. The graphic part is represented by diagrams of the location of the danger zone fencing, the sequence of installation, and the attachment of the scaffolding to the wall.

This methodological document is intended to assist design, design and technological and construction organizations in the development of a project for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding.

The methodological document is based on the results of the work of TsNIIOMTP CJSC and other design and technological institutes, as well as a generalization of the practical experience of scaffolding installation by Moscow construction organizations.

1 EXPLANATORY NOTE

The project for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding for the installation of a ventilated facade system on the building of a multifunctional office and business business center was developed on the basis of an agreement terms of reference and presented initial data. As part of the terms of reference and initial data: working documentation for the installation of a ventilated facade, passport and instructions for the installation of scaffolding (for example, frame scaffolding LSPR-200), drawings for the building.

This project for the production of works was developed in the presence of the following initial data.

Scaffolding LSPR-200 - attached, when installing a ventilated facade, they can reach a height of 40 m. The step of the tier in height is 2 m, the step of the frames along the wall is 3 m, the width of the passage between the racks is 0.95 m. The standard load at a height of more than 20 m no more than 100 kgf/m 2 . Structural components of LSPR-200 scaffolding and their weight are shown in Table 1.

It can be seen from the table that the weight constituent parts scaffolding does not exceed 12 kg and they can be lifted for installation using a winch or a roof crane with a lifting capacity of not more than 250 kg.

The building is rectangular in shape, the length along the facade is 72.0 m, the height is not more than 40 m.

Table 1

Components of scaffolding LSPR-200	Weight, kg
Frame (2 × 1 m)
Frame with ladder (2×1 m)	11,7
Communications (3.05 m)	2.64
Communication diagonal (3.3 m)
Shoe
Cork-anchor	1,62
Clamp deaf, 48×48 mm	1,48
end fence	2,30
decking crossbar	12,0

Hinged facade system U - kon with facing elements ceramic tile and aluminum profiles) is mounted on the facade of the building. In accordance with this scaffolding is mounted along the facade in axes 1-12.

The project sets out provisions for the organization and technology of scaffolding installation, requirements for the quality and acceptance of work, determines the need for mechanization, tools, inventory and fixtures, specifies safety requirements and labor protection.

When developing the project, the regulatory, methodological and reference documents specified in the List of Used Documents were used.

2 STATEMENT OF USED DOCUMENTS

Designation	Name
	Bearing and enclosing structures
	Organization of construction
	Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements
	Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production
	SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements. Change (I-1-95)
	SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection. (With change #1)
	SSBT. Electrical safety. Protective earth, nulling. (With change #1)
	SSBT. Construction. Building site lighting standards
	SSBT. Means of protection for workers. General requirements and classification
	SSBT. Signal colors and danger signs. Changes ( I-XII-80, 2-X-86)
	SSBT. Construction. Protections are protective inventory. General specifications
GOST 7502-98	Roulettes measuring metal. Specifications
	Plumb lines are steel construction. Specifications
	Inventory fencing of construction sites and sites for the production of construction and installation works. Specifications
	Scaffolding tools. General specifications
	Platforms and stairs for construction and installation works. General specifications
	Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation works. Specifications
	Scaffolding. Installation, calculation, operation
	Rules fire safety in Russian Federation
	Intersectoral rules on labor protection (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1 Preparatory work

3.1.1 Prior to the start of installation work, the following preparatory work must be carried out:

The working area (as well as approaches to it and nearby territories) is exempt from building structures, materials, mechanisms and construction debris and is fenced in accordance with the requirementsGOST 23407;

The scaffolding installation area is fenced in accordance with the requirementsSNiP 12-03, warning signs are installed onGOST 12.4.026;

Installation workers are instructed on the procedure, techniques and rules for assembling and attaching scaffolding to the wall.

The site plan for the installation of a ventilated facade and, accordingly, the installation of scaffolding is given in the project for the production of work on sheets, as a rule, of A2 (420 × 594) or A3 (297 × 420) format. On fig. 1 shows a fragment of a construction site plan as an example. Symbols scaffolding, the boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from the last tier of scaffolding, and a temporary fencing of the construction site are shown.

Rice. one. Fragment of the construction site plan

3.1.2 Inspection, control and assessment of the technical condition of the components of the mounted scaffolding is carried out. The name of the components is given in table 1. Damaged components are subject to rejection.

3.1.3 Preparing for operation, installation and launch lifting mechanisms(roof crane or winch) for lifting and lowering the components of the scaffold. These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers of load-lifting mechanisms.

3.1.4 Means of mechanization (hand-held drilling machines, perforators, rammers, etc.) and tools are being prepared, their completeness and readiness for work are checked.

3.1.5 For the installation of scaffolding, a planned and compacted site is prepared, from which water must be drained, or a site with asphalt concrete pavement. If the soil is wet, then tamping is carried out with crushed stone, broken brick, concrete.

In connection with a height difference of up to 400 mm, the platform for scaffolding along the facade in axes 1-12 is leveled horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions. To equalize the height difference up to 500 mm, standard concrete plates and boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm.

Three-strand kapron cord

Plumb weight no more than 0.4 kg, length 98 m.

Cord length -5 m, diameter 3 mm

Marking grips, checking verticality

laser level

BL 40 VHR SKB

"Stroypribor"

Measurement accuracy 0.1 mm/m

Height measurement

Laser level

BL 20 SKB

"Stroypribor"

Measurement accuracy 0.1 mm/m

Checking horizontal planes

Drill

Interskol DU 1000-ER

Power 1.0 kW, drilling diameter up to 25 mm

Drilling holes in the wall

Roulette steel

R20UZK, GOST 7502

Length 20 m, weight 0.35 kg

Measurement of linear dimensions

Screwdriver with tip

Profi screwdriver INFOTEKS LLC

Reversible lever

Screwing-unscrewing screws

Plug control device

RF 3408.07.000 TsNIIOMTP

Pulling force - 300 kgf. Dimensions:

1240×1200×175mm

Weight - 7.8 kg

Checking the strength of the cork in the wall

Fencing of the work site

Inventory

Work safety

Protective mesh for scaffolding

Type 4.603; 4.504; 4.501.1 Apex, Werth or others

Made from polymer fibers

Fall protection

6 HEALTH AND SAFETY

6.1 When organizing and carrying out work on the installation of scaffolding, the requirementsSNiP 12-03, SNiP 12-04, GOST 12.4.011.

On the scaffolding, the layout and the magnitude of the permissible loads on the scaffolding should be posted. More than three people are not allowed on the scaffolding floor.

Workers who have the right to work at heights are allowed to install scaffolding. Installers must be provided with safety belts.

6.2 Fire safety in the workplace must be ensured in accordance with the rules of PPB 01.

6.3 Electrical safety in the workplace must be ensured in accordance with the requirementsGOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.1.030, POT RM-016.

6.4 When organizing a construction site, a danger zone is established from falling objects from a height of 25 m scaffolding, equal to 7 m. The danger zone is marked with safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance withGOST 12.4.026. A protective net can be hung on the scaffolding (see table 3). The danger zone may not be marked.

The location and design of the construction site fencing are adopted in accordance with the requirementsGOST 23407.

6.5 Warehousing and storage of components of scaffolding, materials, products and equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or specifications for scaffolding, materials, products and equipment, as well asSNiP 12-03.

6.6 When working at night, the construction site, scaffolding, driveways and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance withGOST 12.1.046. Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting fixtures.

6.7 Scaffold ladders must be equipped according toGOST 26887. The slope of the stairs to the horizon should be no more than 75 °. Stairs must be with non-slip steps.

6.8 Loads are lifted onto the scaffolding by a winch or a roof crane. Lifting loads onto scaffolding with jib cranes is unacceptable.

6.9 Lightning protection of scaffolding should be arranged with grounding resistance of not more than 15 ohms.

6.10 During the erection and dismantling of scaffolding electric wires located closer than 5 m from the forests, de-energize.

During thunderstorms, snowfall and winds of more than 6 points, installation or dismantling of scaffolding is not carried out.

During the installation and dismantling of scaffolding, window, balcony and door openings must be closed.

6.11 The technical condition of scaffolding is controlled before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days. If the scaffolding has not been used for a month, then they are allowed for use after acceptance by the commission (see section). The results of acceptance and inspection are noted in the logbook according toGOST 24258.

Scaffolding is subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which may reduce the bearing capacity of the base.

Application
DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF PLUG JAMING FORCE

The fixture allows selective control of the strength of the jamming of the plug in the wall material.

The schematic diagram of the device is shown in the figure below. The device consists of a fixed 1 and 2 swivel clamps, a cross member 3 inserted into the swivel clamp, a bracket 4 inserted into the non-swivel clamp, and slings 5 ​​and 6.

Jamming control device

Assembly of the device is carried out in the following sequence. On the inner stand of the scaffolding opposite the plug with the anchor, a clamp 1 with a bracket 4 and a block is fixed. Below, at a distance of about 400 mm, a collar 2 with a cross member 3 is fixed. Sling 5 is put on the anchor hook, thrown over the block and fixed with a “noose” on the cross member. Sling 6 is hung on the loop of the crossbar. Clamp 2 is adjusted and fixed so that the crossbar takes a horizontal position and freely rotates in the hinge. A control load of 32 kg is suspended on the free end of the sling 6, which, by means of a lever (taking into account the efficiency in the hinge and the block), creates a pulling force of 300 kgf on the anchor hook. Under the influence of this force, the cork should not be pulled out of the wall.

Fixture dimensions: length - 1240, width - 175 and height - 1200 mm. Weight does not exceed 8 kg.

Using this device, you can not only control, but also measure the force that pulls the cork out of the wall, if a dynamometer is inserted between the crossbar 3 and the sling 6.

• the upper working flooring is located at the level of 34.2 meters;
• the smallest length of frame scaffolding - 10 meters;
• field length - no more than 3.07 meters;
• adjustable stand unscrews no more than 20 centimeters;
• the greatest possible distance between the scaffolding and the wall is 56 cm;
• the number of links on the tier is at least 2 meters, the maximum distance between them is 10 meters.

Rules for the operation of frame scaffolding

• The scaffolding is erected, moved and dismantled exclusively under the supervision of a person with experience in the installation of the installation.
• Before proceeding with the installation, the soil should be studied: it must bear the load that it will receive due to the installation of scaffolding and the forces that act on them. Minimum level bearing capacity systems - 10 megapascals.
• Frame scaffolding is installed exclusively horizontally using wrench 19/22 and 500 g of a hammer needed to attach the wedges.
• On each wooden beam there must be at least two screw stands perpendicular to the wall.
• During installation, original scaffolding from the manufacturer Altrad - Mostostal is used. It is possible to use steel pipes (standard PN-EN 39). The latter are attached to the system by connecting the performers.
• The scaffold deck can be extended with 73 and 36 cm steel brackets. The latter can be mounted from the front side at each level.
• Vertical scaffolding is connected outside the system clearly parallel to the wall. Sheaves are placed on every fifth field with a field of 2.57 meters. For a field of 3.07 meters - on every fourth field. On each tier there should be at least two opposite ligaments. 73 cm brackets are mounted only on the outside of the scaffolding. Brackets are attached only with a transverse type of connection of 1.95 meters.

Storing and moving scaffolding

The scaffolding components of the manufacturers are always packaged. The dimensions of the packages and their weight are determined by the customer according to own will. The manufacturing company, as a rule, offers its customers the pallets necessary to move the frame scaffolding to the construction site.

Modular pallet allows parts of the scaffolding without causing damage in a short time. Used for this and forklift platform type, and cranes.

During the period of storage of scaffolding elements, it is worth taking care of optimal conditions in the warehouse and protection of the wooden parts of the structure (boards and wooden flooring) from excessive moisture and other adverse conditions that can lead to rotting and swelling.

Elements in need of repair and elimination

Before assembling and dismantling the frame scaffolding, the parts must be carefully checked for further suitability. If damage is found, the component cannot be used.

Under no circumstances should the following items be used:

• with corrosion at the seams (in the areas of connection);
• plywood and aluminum flooring, on which cracks, swelling, delamination, loss, strong bends, creases are visible;
• steel flooring with damage to the skin, bent trailers;
• stands with damaged threads, bent screws, difficult-to-tighten nuts.

Damaged components must be replaced and sent in for repair. But you can straighten only those elements in which the curvature of the pipe sections does not protrude. Structural parts such as ties, frames and stands should be disposed of and must be disposed of.

Frame scaffolding up to 34 meters high

Preparing for installation

• Before the start of installation, the components of the scaffolding are checked for technical condition.
• Only elements in an excellent vehicle are used. They shouldn't have deep scratches and dents, cracks, buckling of trailers, damage to screws, threads and other deformations.

Measures to increase the safety of maintenance of the structure

When assembling, dismantling, as well as during the active use of frame scaffolding, some protective equipment should be used. In order to increase safety during work, the following tools are used. During the installation process, a supporting cable is attached to the components of the structure from the side of the facade of the building above the worker. The same rule applies to mounting cassettes. If the horizon frames are not connected by handrails, then a safety cable attached to the wedge cassette is used. There are several means of protecting the structure itself, surrounded by scaffolding. The most suitable one is chosen depending on the object and type of work.

Installation of frame scaffolding

First stage

The installation of scaffolding begins from the highest point of the site, to which the tiers of the structure will be further adjusted. Two frames are put on stands and interconnected by several handrails.

Second phase

On the horseshoe-shaped profiles, flooring is superimposed. An oblique connection is inserted into the hole on the nodal sheet, and the second end is attached from below through the clamp. Next, frames are installed vertically and leveled through already set field. In each connected field it is necessary to fasten a horizontal link, fixing it over the nut of the initial stand.

Third stage

A field suitable for a continuous message, also called an internal input, is selected. Here the staircase is installed, the entrance is made out. From below, the ladder must be fixed with a bracket. Scaffolding is fastened at least every fourth field.

If the surface on which the scaffolding will stand is very uneven, if it is impossible to adjust the horizontal on it, then additional frames 66, 100 or 150 centimeters long are used.

After the installation of the first tier is completed, it must be checked for evenness. The comparison starts from the highest point of the area.

Fourth stage

The frames of the next tier are superimposed. Installation begins with the stairs. The first frame is mounted while standing on the stairs.

Fifth stage

From the field set in the previous stage, the remaining fields are mounted in both directions.

Sixth stage

The frames are connected with handrails. By the way, it is forbidden to lay the flooring of the next tier if the frames are not connected to each other by handrails (actions can lead to an accident and breakage of parts of the structure).

seventh stage

The level of the tier is provided from the front side by mounting the front handrail. At a height of two meters, this is done with the help of side boards, which are attached to the frame fasteners.

Eighth stage

The flooring is superimposed on the profiles of the frames located on the sides. Installation of subsequent tiers is carried out in the same way (described in steps 4 - 8).

Ninth stage

For well-designed internal communication, it is necessary to install transitions with stairs and overhead valves. The floorings are mounted vertically alternately. The valves open only when moving from one tier to another. The installation of a new tier begins with the lining of the frame over the transition hole.

During the creation of frame scaffolding and dismantling, some rules must be observed:

1. Each of the tiers requires verticalization in the fields in which vertical links are established. You can correct the installation of scaffolding by adjusting the position of the clamp from the bottom of the structure.
2. Installation of anchors is carried out in accordance with the anchor mesh, which is defined for all building options.
3. The disassembly of the frame structure is carried out in the reverse order. Incorrect disassembly can lead to an accident.

The most important rules for installing frame scaffolding

Structural Alignment Order

Installation should start from the highest point with the leveling feet nuts down. Using nuts, you can equalize the levels of the frame. If there is soil under the scaffolding, then wooden linings must be placed under the stands. On the wooden blocks there must be at least two screw bases (fewer may lead to an accident).

Lateral alignment

The flooring is provided with separate handrails and wooden planks. The handrails are attached to the frame cassettes and are blocked with wedges. On the sides, the handrails are fixed with railing clamps. Boards along the sides are installed on frame fasteners. The length of the boards should be 0.2-0.4 meters longer than the length of the field on which they are attached.

Scaffolding from the front

The provision appears when the front handrail is installed. Front handrails are installed exactly the opposite when compared with mounting to vertical frames. Their upper part should be at the level of 100 centimeters from the flooring.

Rigidity increase

The upper part of the vertical connection is inserted into the hole of the nodal plate, the lower part is attached to the frame with a rotating collar. If necessary, the verticalization of the frames is translated on the tiers.

Top Tier Forests

To ensure that, the front frame is mounted (in the direction of the face of the structure) and the handrail posts along the entire length. Racks guarantee the impossibility of falling out of the flooring.

The main types of anchors. Anchoring of frame scaffolding

Frame scaffolding is anchored using specialized connectors and fastened with tubular type connections at a level not higher than the flooring to the facade of the building.

These connectors are equipped with hooks for hooking scaffolding to walls or any building element. Anchor connectors pass through the ears of the bolts with the center of the hook (approx. connecting pipe). Installing the bolt eye horizontally makes it possible to transfer horizontal forces to the building.

Implementation of the transition in the frame scaffolding

In order to ensure the most convenient movement inside the structure, the decks are created with ladders and covers. Greater convenience guarantee stairwells.

Top level security

It is possible to carry out work on the upper tier only when the racks of the protective net and the net itself are installed. If mounted this system, it is possible to save time on fastening wooden boards.

Frame scaffold connection option

If it is necessary to connect scaffolding fields, external frame pipes are fastened together. This is done with clamps. The pipes that will be connected become the supporting rail for both fields. The remaining space is covered by laying new flooring or boards, making them heavier in case of strong winds.

Passages under the forests

If it is necessary to create a transition for builders, transition frames are mounted under the frame scaffolding. They are connected by horizontal links. The connection must not be carried out over the nuts of the steel supports. highest height frame scaffolding, which are being built with transitional frames - 34 meters.

Entrance under erected scaffolding (gate entry)

How to make a passage over the forests? To do this, you will need steel lattice trusses, which will be mounted on the outside with clamps. If the crossing is wider than 3 meters, a 66 cm leveling frame is required.

Increasing the width of forests

In order to increase the width of the main working surface brackets are attached on both sides. For this, brackets with a width of both 36 and 73 centimeters are used.

Creating a protective roof

The protective roof is created from 73 cm wide steel brackets created with a frame and roof brackets (from the flooring). Each of the frames supporting the roof must necessarily be attached to the facade of the building being repaired.

Stairwells outside the frame structure

To quickly move from one tier to another, external stairs are mounted. Usually staircase installed in a field of either 2.57 or 3.07 meters. The connection occurs due to normal clamps and pipes. Frontal surfaces are provided with handrails, internal and outer sides also need to install scaffolding handrails.

WORK PROJECT (PPR)

INSTALLATION OF THE SCAFFOLDING

1. General part

1. General part

1.1 This project for the production of works was developed for the installation of scaffolding for the reconstruction of the facade of the building located at the address: Moscow, Smolensky Boulevard, 24, building 1.

According to SNiP 12-04-2002 "Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production" paragraph 3.3, before the start of work, the general contractor must carry out preparatory work to organize the construction site necessary to ensure construction safety, including:

- fencing of the construction site;

- clearing the territory, preparing the surface for the installation of scaffolding;

- arrangement of places for storing materials and structures.

The completion of the preparatory work must be accepted according to the act on the implementation of labor safety measures, drawn up in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements".

The main standards and guidelines used in the development:

- SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction", part 1;

- SNiP 12-04-2002 "Labor safety in construction", part 2;

- PPB-01-03 "Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation";

- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 N 87 "On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content";

- Decree of the Government of Moscow N 857-PP dated December 7, 2004 "Rules for the preparation and production of earthworks, arrangement and maintenance of construction sites in Moscow";

- GOST 27321-87 "Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation works. Specifications";

- GOST 24258-88 "Paving means. General specifications";

- SNiP 5.02.02-86 "Norms for the need for construction tools";

- POT R M 012-2000 "Intersectoral rules for labor protection when working at height".

2. Basic requirements for the construction of scaffolding

Scaffolding must meet the requirements of GOST 24258-88 "Pavings. General specifications" and GOST 27321-87 "Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation works."

Scaffolding should be operated in accordance with the instructions attached to the product and SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements."

To check the compliance of the scaffolding with the requirements of the standards, the manufacturer must carry out acceptance, periodic and type tests.

Forests must be registered in the register in accordance with Appendix 3 of GOST 24258-88; the log must be stored on the object.

The scaffolding must be able to withstand the load from own weight and live loads from people, materials and wind.

The mass of assembly elements per worker during manual assembly of scaffolding, in accordance with GOST 24258-88 "Pavings. General technical conditions", should not exceed 25 kg - when installing scaffolding at a height and 50 kg - when installing scaffolding on earth.

The registration number must be marked in a conspicuous place on the scaffolding elements or on a plate attached to it, made in accordance with GOST 12969-67.

Scaffolding must have a manufacturer's passport.

The assembly and dismantling of scaffolding must be carried out under the supervision of the person responsible for the execution of the work.

It is forbidden to load the scaffolding with materials and products, the weight of which exceeds the allowable weight according to the scaffolding passport.

3. Mounting and dismantling of scaffolding

3.1. Prior to the start of scaffolding work, it is necessary:

- install temporary fences along the border of the danger zone for the period of installation and dismantling of scaffolding. The limits of the danger zone are established in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements", clause 7.4, and its boundaries are taken from the outer row - scaffold racks. Close all entrances to the premises where scaffolding is being installed and post warning signs;

- deliver to the installation site, repaired and completed, according to the specification, scaffolding elements.

Are you planning a major redecorating, restoration of external walls or erection of a new building? Then you definitely need to familiarize yourself with the design of frame scaffolding. Let's make it as clear and concise as possible.

Generally speaking, it is temporary. frame structure reusable. Its main purpose is to place people and equipment at a certain height. Basically, all elements for frame structures are made of lightweight material (aluminum or steel alloys), thereby minimizing the weight of the fixture. However, scaffolding does not become less durable and reliable. Sometimes, if we are talking about a large-scale object, such systems are equipped with additional wheels, due to which transportation on the territory is greatly simplified. Are used frame scaffolding both in private and industrial construction, because thanks to the type-setting design, their height is adjustable.

Reusable temporary frame structure

Such construction devices have a lot of advantages. First of all, it is the simplicity of design, and the minimum number of constituent elements allows you to assemble it in the shortest possible time. Frame scaffolding can be used for both indoor and outdoor work. If there are special metal plugs you can mount them on a vertical plane. There are no difficulties with dismantling; when disassembled, these scaffoldings are quite compact and can be stored in a shed, garage or other utility room.

The prefabricated open structure provides an excellent overview of the work surface, you can follow the quality of the work from the side. Thanks to this configuration, maximum access of light and air is also ensured. Despite all the bulkiness, frame scaffolding has a minimum weight due to the hollow pipes from which the frames are assembled. With all the abundance of pluses, this is also the most budget option.

Prefabricated open structure

But there is one significant drawback. If you need to restore a building with a complex facade, then it is better to look at other scaffolding. The fact is that frame structures are assembled from rectangular modules of certain sizes, and if the object has a complex spatial shape, then it will not work to repeat the contour of the building. Consequently, hard-to-reach places will appear, which will greatly complicate the workflow. Still frame woods have the limited loading capacity. If the load exceeds 200 kg / m 2, then they definitely will not fit.

Consider the main types of such systems and their features. First, let's dwell on the characteristics of the construction frame scaffolding LSPR 200. This design is available in two types - for masonry and. Max Height the first type of fixture is 20 m, the step of the tier in height and along the wall is 2 and 3 m, respectively. Racks are at a distance of 95 cm, so that the LSPR 200 frame scaffolding has enough space to move freely at the top and place the necessary devices.

Construction frame scaffolding LSPR 200

Scaffolding LSPR 200 for finishing works in height can reach 40 m. The frames are located at a distance of 2 meters from each other. The step of the tier in height also has such a value. But the width of this version of LSPR 200 is the same as in structures intended for masonry - 0.95 m. The diameter of the pipes is 42 or 48 mm. Scaffolding type LRSP 40 has similar characteristics, they are also designed for work at a height of up to 40 m. The step along the wall is from 2 to 3 meters, and the height of the tier is 2 m. In the case of LRSP 40, the distance between the posts has slightly increased and is 976 mm.

The LRSP 40 and LSPR 200 kit includes frames with and without ladders, which are built up one above the other up to required level. To make the structure as stable as possible, these frames are connected to the street with diagonal staggered ties. FROM inside forge special bonds. Thanks to the locks on the frames, the design of LSPR 200 and LRSP 40 is assembled in the shortest possible time. These scaffolding can be fixed to the wall with anchors and plugs.

Set LRSP 40 with ladders

The flooring for the scaffolding is wooden, the crossbars are made of metal. They are installed on the two upper tiers (working and safety). For security purposes, longitudinal and end fences are provided. In addition, side boards are also attached to the flooring with brackets. Thanks to the lightning rod and grounding, you can not be afraid even of a thunderstorm caught by surprise.

It should immediately be stipulated that only a specialist who knows them should assemble scaffolding or control this process. design features. First comes the stage of acceptance of all elements and, if necessary, rejection. Then you need to draw up an installation diagram taking into account all the features of the object. A briefing is conducted with the workers, in which the design features, operating rules and safety precautions are discussed. After the formal part, you need to prepare the work site. It should be well compacted and even. It is also necessary to observe the horizontal in all directions. You should also provide water drainage in case of precipitation.

Let us consider in more detail the installation process using the example of LRSP 40 scaffolding. wooden coasters, shoes and, if necessary, screw supports. Then the frames are mounted with a certain step. Their number depends on the desired length of the structure. Extreme are special frames with fences. Also, do not forget to provide ascent and descent, for this purpose frames with stairs are used. We fix the structure with the help of diagonal and horizontal ties. They are fastened quite easily, because the frame provides special locks for them.

Installation of scaffolding with a certain step

The lifting of the elements and their further descent are carried out only with the help of special equipment.

Now the second tier is assembled in the same way. Only in this case, diagonal bonds are located above the horizontal ones of the first row in a checkerboard pattern. All frames should be installed plumb, strictly vertical. Skews are unacceptable and can be life-threatening. Crossbars are installed on top of each tier, on top of which the flooring is laid. Hatches are provided at the locations of the stairs.

Laying flooring on scaffolding

Then you need to fix the structure to the wall. Anchors are placed in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 4 m. We repeat all the previous operations until the scaffolding is of the required height. We put fences at the highest level, and safety should also be taken care of at the lifting points. At this time, the flooring is also being laid. The system is disassembled in reverse order. Despite certain differences in dimensions, the design of the LSPR 200 is assembled in the same way as the LRSP 40.

You can transport such equipment on any vehicle. The main thing is that everything is in accordance with the rules traffic. All large elements are sorted by type (frames, ties, railings, etc.) and securely twisted together with 4mm wire. Small parts placed in boxes. It is necessary to load and unload scaffolding carefully, do not throw parts on the ground.

4mm wire for carrying equipment

If it is supposed long-term storage such construction equipment, you must first cover all metal elements grease or other lubricant with a similar effect. Stack scaffolding on pallets. Avoid contact with the ground. If space is limited, then it is allowed to stack the elements in boxes and packages with parts in a maximum of three layers.

Whatever a good specialist no matter how you were, you should never forget about safety, especially when it comes to work at height. First of all, check if the structure is securely installed. It must be fixed to a vertical plane along its entire height. Evaluate the surface of the flooring, no defects are allowed on it. Boards should be even, strong and preferably clean.

Structures for work at height

Climbing and descending is possible only on the stairs provided for this purpose. It is forbidden to place on the racks a load that exceeds the permissible mass. It is also not allowed to lift the equipment onto the scaffolding with a crane. If power lines are located within a radius of less than 5 meters, they must be de-energized or placed in special protective boxes. And on the system itself there should be plates that indicate the scheme of movement and carrying capacity.

Attached scaffolding means are scaffolding, the stable position of which is carried out by fastening them to the structures of buildings and structures, the repair or construction of which is being carried out.

Wedge scaffolding

Anchoring to the wall is carried out using an adjustable bracket with an anchor bolt. Mounting is allowed at distances from 18 cm to 30 cm; for this, a conventional bracket is used. If the distance to the wall should be greater (from 30 cm to 120 cm), a reinforced bracket is used. The adjustable size of the elongated bracket is 28-120 cm. In the manufacturer's passport, a diagram of fastening to the wall is attached, but the number of scaffolding attachment points should not be less than 1 in 25 square meters. The points are staggered, which provides a more reliable and safe design. The extreme rows are attached to the wall along the entire height and in each tier.

Frame scaffolding

Fastening is carried out using a bracket, which consists of two strips of iron, bent at the required angle. One part is a hook that is fixed around a vertical post (forming a so-called clamp) and tightened with a bolt and nut. The second part is bent at a 90 degree angle and has a hole necessary for attaching to the wall with anchor bolt. Anchor brackets are used to fasten the structure to the wall of the building being repaired after 4 meters in a checkerboard pattern. One end is attached to the wall with anchoring elements, the other is attached to the frame post.

Methods for fastening pin scaffolding

There are two ways to attach the scaffold to the wall and they depend on the type of construction work.

First way- for masonry work. Fastening is carried out by mortgages, they are laid in the wall during the masonry process.

Second way- for finishing work. For this method, anchor brackets are used that are attached to the screed wall, as well as single and double hooks that are attached vertical racks to anchor brackets in the wall of the building under repair.

Clamp scaffolding

The scaffolding is fastened to the wall with the help of metal self-wedging plugs, which are hammered into the holes punched in the wall and, by screwing the hook into the sleeve, fix them. The tier is fastened to the wall with the help of a crossbar. The crossbar is a pipe with a length of 120 cm or 210 cm. One end of the pipe is even and with the help of a clamp it is attached to the scaffold frame, thereby increasing their strength. At the second end there is an eyelet - a kind of loop, for which the scaffolding frame is fastened and fastened to the wall of the building. If the masonry of the wall is made of seven-slot bricks or it is weakened, then elongated plugs are used for the safety of work and the strength of the fastening.

The fastening of the inner tiers is carried out in a checkerboard pattern, that is, vertical racks are fastened through two tiers. Extreme rows - every 4 meters in height. At the upper tier of scaffolding, all rows of vertical posts are attached to the building.

Mounting towers tour

Basically, tour towers are mobile, mobile construction towers, the height of which most often does not exceed 22 m. But sometimes, with a high load on the structure, greater strength is required; for such models, quick-release fasteners to the wall of the building are used.

The width of the gap between the tower and the wall of the building should not exceed 15 cm. Fastening is carried out using a bracket, which consists of two strips of iron bent at the required angle. One part is a hook that is fixed around the tower pipe (forming a so-called clamp) and tightened with a bolt and nut. The second part is bent at a 90 degree angle and there is a hole needed for fixing to the wall with an anchor bolt. The layout of the mount is given by the manufacturer in the passport for the equipment.