What common myths about glued beams are alarming developers, and whether they have a real justification. Glue for glued laminated timber: how eco-friendly are houses made of glued laminated timber? Adhesive for glued beams polyurethane

It is necessary to glue wooden products both in production and in everyday life. To get a strong and durable connection, it is important to choose a high-quality and suitable adhesive composition. Joiner's glue should not only securely fasten natural wood, but also various building materials with a wood base. Often you have to glue parts made of metal, ceramics, plastic, etc. to wood. This point must also be taken into account when choosing an adhesive. Currently, few people use home-made carpentry mixtures, even among professionals. The construction market offers a wide range of compositions for working with wood. The following compositions are in the greatest demand.

• Under the designation of PVA glue, a polyvinyl acetate dispersion is hidden. It is non-toxic, so you can use the product in rooms without exhaust ventilation. PVA glue dries quickly, withstands high static loads, but is afraid of prolonged exposure to a humid environment. Due to its affordable price, it can be used for domestic purposes.
• Polyurethane compounds are much more expensive. But they have several important advantages. The seam is able to withstand high dynamic loads, so the glued chair leg will not fall off after a while. The glue is resistant to moisture, ultraviolet, temperature extremes. These qualities allow the use of items in extreme conditions.
• Resin-based adhesives are in demand among woodworkers and ordinary homeowners. Many people have used epoxies more than once, which provide a strong bond between wood and other materials. Adhesive compositions of this type are not only not afraid of water, but are resistant to the influence of petroleum products and aggressive compounds. When working, care must be taken to protect the skin.
• Modern synthetic-based adhesives are widely used in mass production wooden products, furniture, windows, doors, etc., are completely harmless and have improved characteristics compared to household mixtures. The only downside is the higher price.

Our review includes the best adhesives for wood. When compiling the rating, reviews of domestic consumers were taken into account.

best pva glue

Glue based on PVA is in deserved demand not only in office work, but also when working with wood. This eco-friendly product leaves no residue, has good adhesion, but is not able to withstand moisture for a long time.

3 Moment Joiner PVA Universal

The best domestic glue
Country Russia
Average price: 211 rubles. (750 ml)
Rating (2019): 4.8

The best glue domestic production in our review was Moment Joiner PVA Universal. It is an aqueous dispersion of PVA. With this adhesive, you can join different types of wood, as well as building materials such as plywood, MDF, fiberboard, chipboard, veneer, laminated paper. The parts must be pressed against each other for 15-20 minutes using a clamp or vice. The final holding time of parts before use is 24 hours. Wood glue does not stain wood, which expands the scope of its application. The composition can be used at a positive temperature in the range of +5...30°C.

Professional carpenters and home craftsmen distinguish such qualities of Moment PVA Joiner Universal glue as short setting time, strength, accessibility, transparency after drying. The disadvantages include the fear of moisture and low temperatures.

2 Krass PVA PVA D3

The most transparent glue for wood
Country: Poland
Average price: 195 rubles. (500 ml)
Rating (2019): 4.9

In order not to spoil appearance parts to be glued, professionals prefer Krass PVA PVA D3 glue. It is suitable for joining different types of wood. The product is used in the production of garden, kitchen furniture, installation of parquet and laminate. The material is also in demand in the manufacture of windows, doors, timber, plywood, veneer and chipboard. Distinctive features of PVA glue are water resistance (class D3) and transparency of the dried layer. In addition, the seam has elasticity and strength. Thanks to its unique properties, it is possible to glue even raw wood. The composition does not contain organic solvents, which makes the material environmentally friendly.

Domestic carpenters speak flatteringly about such qualities of Krass PVA PVA D3 glue as water resistance, crystal transparency of the seam, elasticity, affordable price. The disadvantages include long time drying.

1 Kleiberit 303.0

The most waterproof PVA glue
Country: Germany
Average price: 232 rubles. (0.5 kg)
Rating (2019): 4.9

The very best technical specifications possesses waterproof glue Kleiberit 303.0. The material occupies a leading position in the construction market, its quality is time-tested. The high-quality product has universal properties, it can be used to fasten various types of wood, veneer and chipboard products. hallmark is the possibility of gluing exotic and hard wood. Parts should be pressed against each other for 6-10 minutes at a temperature of +10°C. After drying, the adhesive layer has White color, and its frost resistance reaches -30 ° С.

Domestic consumers distinguish such properties of PVA glue Kleiberit 303.0 as water resistance, frost resistance, strength, setting speed. The disadvantages include the need for strict adherence to the requirements of the instructions.

The best polyurethane adhesives

When high strength, long-term resistance to mechanical stress, resistance to moisture and adverse weather conditions are required from the adhesive, the use of a polyurethane composition is the best option.

3 Akfix PA370 D4

Fast drying and excellent heat resistance
Country: Turkey
Average price: 500 rubles. (0.56 l)
Rating (2019): 4.7

Ready-to-use one-component polyurethane-based adhesive Akfix PA370 is able to quickly and efficiently glue wood to metal, concrete, foam, and various plastics. Ideal for refurbishment wooden boats, yachts and boats, thanks to resistance to water and hostile environment. It should be borne in mind that during the drying process, the glue slightly increases in volume, improving the quality of the connection of porous materials.

The glue has performed well in carpentry in the manufacture of furniture, windows, doors or layer-by-layer gluing of wood in complex structures. To obtain the most durable connection, the temperature environment must not be lower than +5°C and the parts to be joined must be slightly moistened. Not dried adhesive residues are easily removed with acetone. The limiting temperatures at which the glue line does not lose its properties are from -40 to +100 degrees Celsius.

2 SOUDAL 66A

The highest adhesion
Country: Belgium
Average price: 400 rubles. (250 ml)
Rating (2019): 4.9

The Belgian SOUDAL 66A adhesive boasts the highest adhesion. It is a polyurethane compound that withstands harsh operating conditions. Super waterproof material allows you to glue any kind of wooden products, including wet ones. It can be used to join wood with most building materials, with the exception of PE and PP. During the curing process, the composition foams, due to which cracks and irregularities are filled. The strong seam keeps the working qualities in the wide range of temperatures (-30...+100 °C). High adhesive ability allows to apply glue at performance of the most difficult carpentry and joiner's works, both in the room, and outside.

Carpenters and joiners praise SOUDAL 66A for its excellent adhesion, high bond strength, and water resistance. Among the shortcomings, professionals distinguish a decent expansion and a high price.

1 Kleiberit 501.0

The best all-purpose glue
Country: Germany
Average price: 397 rubles. (0.5 kg)
Rating (2019): 4.9

The best universal adhesive in our review is Kleiberit 501.0 from Germany. The basis of the adhesive was a polyurethane composition, which gives the material properties such as moisture resistance and heat resistance. One-component composition is easy to use. It can be used not only for gluing two wooden elements. Various combinations of materials are possible, e.g. PVC, mineral plates, ceramics, concrete, etc. It is possible to operate glued nodes not only indoors, but also outdoors in the rain or the scorching sun. The impeccable quality of the product is confirmed by international standards (DIN/EN 204, WATT 91). The seam finally hardens after 24 hours.

In the reviews of domestic users, positive statements prevail. Kleiberit 501.0 glue is easy to use, it does not drip, the connection is strong. But it is very difficult to wash hands from the adhesive composition, and good ventilation of the room is also required during operation.

The best resin-based wood adhesives

Nearby useful qualities has adhesive based on various resins. It does not change the color of the wood, has excellent adhesion, has high strength and electrical insulating properties. But when working with it, it is important to ventilate the room well and use personal protective equipment.

3 EDP epoxy glue

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 63 rubles (100 g)
Rating (2019): 4.7

Reliable universal remedy for gluing wood is epoxy adhesive EDP. It is very popular among professionals and amateurs due to its affordable price. It can be used to make new wood-based products or to repair broken pieces of furniture. The seam is characterized by high strength, no shrinkage, good adhesion, resistance to moisture. The only exceptions are items that have contact with food (dishes, countertops). EDP ​​glue has been tested for years, its properties do not raise doubts among consumers.

Among the advantages, domestic users note the low price of EDP glue, the exceptional strength and durability of its seam. You can include in the composition various fillers. Of the minuses, a long hardening time, getting a muddy seam and inconvenience in work are distinguished.

2 Uhu plus endfest 300

The strongest adhesive
Country: Germany
Average price: 428 rubles. (2x15 ml)
Rating (2019): 4.9

The two-component adhesive Uhu plus endfest 300 has ultra-strong abilities. It is made on the basis of epoxy resin which allows a wide range of materials to be bonded to wood. The exception is glass, PP and PE parts. The adhesive cures within 90 minutes. Finally, the seam hardens within 12-24 hours, after which it acquires impact strength, aging resistance and moisture resistance. To obtain a high-quality working solution, it is necessary to mix both components according to the manufacturer's recommendations. After that, thorough mixing is carried out until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The prepared glue is applied with a brush or spatula.

Professionals and amateurs celebrate a number positive qualities glue Uhu plus endfest 300. First of all, super strength, resistance to mechanical impact, moisture resistance. The disadvantages of glue for many users is the need to prepare a working mixture.

1 Titebond Original Wood Glue

The best professional glue
Country: USA
Average price: 195 rubles. (236 ml)
Rating (2019): 5.0

For professional activity Titebond Original Wood Glue was created. The basis of the composition was an emulsion of aliphatic resin. After drying, the seam is durable, it has a transparent yellowish structure. The film is not afraid of exposure to water, it can withstand a strong shock load. The main purpose of the adhesive composition is the connection of wooden products. This product has proven itself especially well when gluing tenon-groove structures. The emulsion penetrates deep into the wood of different species, forming strong connection. In addition to natural wood, this adhesive can be used with parquet, plywood, fiberboard and chipboard. It is convenient to use glue, because the film seizes immediately, and quickly hardens when pressed.

Many professional woodworkers and builders use Titebond Original Wood Glue, describing it as the best way for work. The only downside is the high price.

Modern adhesives based on synthetic

Especially popular among carpentry specialists are ready-made mixtures with harmless additives that increase the adhesion strength of surfaces and the duration of operation.

3 Forbo 650 Eurostar Fastcol

High hold
Country Russia
Average price: 1900 rubles. (3 l)
Rating (2019): 4.6

A distinctive feature of Forbo 650 dispersed contact adhesive is its ability to withstand high dynamic loads on difficult surfaces such as steps and walls. The adhesive has great versatility and is excellent for carpentry, allowing wood to be bonded to both absorbent and non-absorbent substrates.

The adhesive does not contain solvents and has low emissions. After application to the surface and its complete drying (about 1 hour), the parts to be glued should be joined. The quality of adhesion depends on the amount of glue applied, so for a uniform and optimal layer, it is better to use the structural roller that comes with the kit. The thermosetting properties of the adhesive make it possible to separate the glued parts with a building hair dryer.

2 Quilosa Bunitex P-55

Does not lose its properties over time
Country: Spain
Average price: 480 rubles. (1 l)
Rating (2019): 4.7

Quilosa Bunitex P-55 multifunctional adhesive is based on organic mixtures of polychloroprene with the addition of synthetic rubber and is able to create strong wear-resistant wood bonds with all types of industrial or household materials. This glue is very often used in carpentry when gluing wood products, chipboard panels, corrugated cardboard. IN domestic use glue by the most in the best way suitable for laying cork flooring.

The adhesive should be applied to both surfaces, which must be dry, smooth and free from dust. If the surface is porous, it is recommended to apply a preliminary layer, which forms a homogeneous film, and glue with a second layer. Once bonded, the adhesive sets instantly, but final strength is achieved after a few days. When all requirements are met, high quality a connecting seam that does not lose its properties over time.

1 Titebond III Ultimate Wood Glue 1415

The most harmless glue
Country: USA
Average price: 1000 rubles. (946 ml)
Rating (2019): 5.0

Among the huge selection adhesive mixtures for wood, the one-component Titebond III Ultimate is the most sought after by professional carpenters. They can be used to bond any kind of wood with different type butt joints (thorn, groove, tongue, etc.) The adhesive has a high moisture resistance and at the same time it is easily cleaned with water until it dries. The absence of toxic impurities makes it possible to use it in the manufacture of products in contact with food.

The glue is ideal not only for interior, but also for exterior work, withstanding high temperature changes after curing. Having the best adhesion density, exceeding the tree itself, it is possible to carry out the final processing of products without the risk of destruction of the structure, and the absence of abrasive impurities will preserve cutting edge tool. According to its characteristics, Titebond III adhesive is the only composition that meets the ANSY TYPE 2 moisture resistance standard and, if the instructions are followed during operation, there should be no complaints about the quality of this product.

The popularity of wooden building structures remains consistently high. Wooden structures, in addition to heat conservation, have high aesthetic qualities. At present, the most demanded structures are made of solid and profiled timber, which have a fairly high life resource when operating in various climatic conditions. Recently, the interest of customers in glued laminated timber has been growing due to the fact that the latter provides the highest durability while maintaining the same aesthetics and environmental friendliness. For the production of glued beams, adhesive compositions of various chemistry are used - melamine, resorcinol, malamine-formaldehyde, the so-called EPI compositions and many other compositions. All of these compositions solve well-defined technological problems when gluing timber, have their pros and cons. A special class of adhesives in this segment are polyurethane systems that combine high bonding strength, manufacturability, durability, environmental friendliness and maximum convenience when instrumental processing of wooden structures made on their basis.

PU INDUSTRY LLC sells polyurethane glue for wood. Buy this product can be wholesale at a price of 265 rubles / kg.

We invite you to purchase polyurethane glue for wood and timber.

Planned deliveries of NovaCol one-component polyurethane adhesive compositions for the production of glued laminated timber are coming from the warehouses of the PU INDUSTRY plant. Adhesive compositions "NovaCol" are applied in a discrete or continuous way, are used for gluing almost all types of wood, provide the required standards for gluing quality and productivity.

Distinctive properties of NovaCol adhesive compositions

• high manufacturability - easily processed by any glue application machines, including manual way application;
• uncritical to high residual wood moisture;
• high resistance to warping of wood;
• high resistance to changes in humidity and temperature;
• provides less wear of the processing and cutting tools;
• harmlessness and environmental safety.

Ecological aspects of modern adhesive systems.
The first adhesive systems are known in history as early as the 13th century. On many houses in Germany you can see copper plates engraved that they were made 750 years ago.

Rice. Photo from the German magazine "Weinig".

Translation:
2.4. half-timbered houses
Vivid examples durability, attractiveness and sophistication of wooden structures are half-timbered houses in many European areas.

These mostly stately and conspicuous houses have graced cities and communities for 750 years. The wooden supporting structures of the roofs of some Romanesque churches are sometimes even older.

The basis of this longevity was professional knowledge building masters, for example, about building protection wood. The wide roof overhang and raised tiers protect the underlying exterior walls and timber structures from the weather.

Through careful design and execution, as well as necessary care these buildings have survived dozens of generations of tenants.

These houses are made according to the Fachwerk system, i.e. these are strong frame houses made of glued beams, which were glued together on the basis of wood glue, made by long-term cooking of animal bones. Such adhesives are still used today by some joiners - cabinetmakers (Zimmermanns), but this adhesive has one drawback: it is afraid of water and therefore cannot be used in modern conditions construction where, as a rule, all structures are exposed to moisture.

Next to wood glue in terms of environmental performance is glue PVA (polyvinyl acetate adhesive), which has been used since the middle of the last century and is the champion in terms of minimal impact on the human body. There are cases when PVA emulsion was mistakenly used by adults and even children, poisoning did not occur.

Polyvinyl acetate glue (PVA) is used for planar gluing of wood, splicing into a tenon, end gluing. Technical data of this adhesive:

1. PVA- aqueous polymer solution, characterized by high adhesive ability, high frost resistance adhesive bond. Non-toxic amorphous, colorless, tasteless and odorless thermoplastic polymer.
Main physical and chemical properties:
-Density 1.19g/cm3
-thermal conductivity 0.16W/m
The best manufacturer of PVA emulsion is KLEIBERIT (Germany), our company buys the adhesive system from it. If we examine glue molecules and water and air molecules under a microscope, we can see that they are related to each other as 1:10. For comparison, this is like a soccer ball to the size of a soccer goal.

Those. water and air molecules are so small, and the crystal lattice of glue molecules is so large that this does not affect the vapor permeability and air permeability of glued wooden structures, i.e. glued structures: beams, beams, moldings, “breathe” well, like natural wood cut down in the forest and sawn into beams or boards.

2. Followed by glue type EPI systems (Isopolymer emulsion). Technologies using EPI systems in housing construction came to Europe and Russia from Asia, primarily from Japan - the birthplace of EPI-adhesive systems.

The advantage of EPI-adhesives: a wide range of temperatures used when gluing wood, maintaining the stability of the adhesive joint under variable temperature and humidity effects, resistance to prolonged loads, water and heat resistance of the adhesive joint and the possibility of using the glued product without subsequent finishing.

This adhesive system is based on the results of a study by accredited laboratories federal service in the field of consumer protection and human well-being is not classified as a product hazardous to the environment and human health.

Glued wooden structures made using the EPI adhesive system, according to the studied indicators, correspond to: "Unified sanitary-epidemiological and hygienic requirements for goods subject to sanitary-epidemiological supervision" Ch. Section II 6 SanPin 2.1.2.729-99 “Polymer and polymer-containing building materials, products and structures. Hygienic requirements for safety”.

On the Russian market EPI adhesive systems are presented manufacturing companies: Akzo Nobel, Dynea, Klebchemie, Kiilto and Russian manufacturer Khimtekh NN LLC (St. Nizhny Novgorod). Domestic epi-glue ViAR-D 4.1 certificate of conformity RossRu.AB 24.N04682. Adhesive systems of these manufacturers do not contain formaldehyde, glued structures using these systems comply with the requirements of GOST 2470099, GOST 15613184 for adhesives of increased water resistance, GOST 1700582, GOST 1104790, EN 204 (class DN).

Only if all the requirements of the manufacturing technology of glued wood products and the recommendations of the manufacturer of the adhesive material are observed, it is possible to ensure the required durability and strength of the product in certain conditions operation.

In the process of production of glued wood products, other types of glue are also used, depending on the operating conditions of the finished product:

3. Melamine glue forms a transparent adhesive seam, is used in the production of heavy-duty large-span wooden structures. Contains formaldehyde.

4. Resorcinol glue- forms a dark adhesive seam, is used for the production of various structures used outside the building, including for conditions with high humidity(bridges, shipbuilding). Contains formaldehyde.

5. Polyurethane adhesive- a transparent adhesive seam is formed, it is used in the production of load-bearing structures of beams and glued wood, for gluing "difficult" wood - oak, beech, larch.

The most non-environmentally friendly adhesives are melamine and resercin. They are used for gluing load-bearing structures. industrial buildings and long-span beams for road and railway bridges. They contain large amounts of phenols and formaldehydes. They cannot be used for residential buildings and our company does not work on these adhesive systems.

Environmental performance of modern adhesive systems

The first information about glue as the oldest building material dates back to the Neolithic period (approximately 9.5 thousand years BC). It was a glue of natural origin - casein or carpentry. It was used for gluing different kind materials through the formation of an adhesive (lat. adhaesio - adhesion) connection of the adhesive film with surface layers glued materials. Ancient nomads, hunters and fishermen prepared it from a decoction of bones and tendons, boiled fish scales and bubbles. For more than eighty thousand years, natural raw materials of an animal or animal have been used to produce such glue. plant origin: Collagen, albumin and casein obtained from animal skins, their horns and hooves, blood and milk were used as protein substances. And as a vegetable - resins (rosin), gum (or gum), dextrin from potato or corn starch, natural rubber, lime. Soy casein, mineral oils, egg yolks, and tree sap were used.

The most common and in demand for a long time was carpentry glue: bone, mezdrovy and fish. industrial production it was activated in 17 Art. And in the 19-20th century, in addition to organic (or organoelement adhesives), inorganic types began to be produced: liquid glasses and adhesive frits. A wide variety of modern adhesives makes it possible to solve various problems in all industries National economy. Among them: aviation and space industry, medicine, instrument making, production of electronic devices, clothing and footwear, toys, technical parts, etc. Different kinds adhesives are also used in construction wooden structures. Fachwerk adhesive systems have been very popular for a long time in many parts of Europe, in particular Germany, for the construction of durable frame houses from glued beams using bone wood glue.

Being eco-friendly and high-strength, this adhesive is exposed to weather conditions. Therefore, the ancient masters designed houses with wide ledges of roofs and protruding tiers, which made it possible to protect the outer walls from moisture. This explains the strength of half-timbered buildings, most of which have been attracting attention for more than 750 years with their sophistication and good quality. Knowledge, experience, skills of building masters of the past are used by modern cabinetmakers, in particular Zimmermanns. Polyvinyl acetate glue, or PVA, is considered suitable for carpentry in terms of environmental friendliness. The first mention of it dates back to the beginning of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century German scientist Fr. Klatt discovered and patented the manufacture of vinyl acetate by extraction from acetylene. Such a gas polymerized and formed a solid substance capable of sticking together the surfaces of objects. After a few years, Lee Seung-gi, a scientist from Korea, together with Japanese scientists, Kawakami and Masahide, obtained a fiber based on polyvinyl alcohol. This water-soluble fiber was called vinalone. It has become the basic ingredient of modern PVA glue used in various areas of human activity, including in the woodworking industry for the purpose of planar gluing of wood, splicing into a tenon and end gluing.

PVA is a thick, creamy composition with a slight smell of vinyl alcohol. This is a dispersion of PVAD (polyvinyl acetate in water), plasticizers and various additives that are harmless to human health. A polymer with a density of 1.19 g / cm3 with a thermal conductivity of 0.16 W / m has the following main characteristics: complete fire safety, moisture resistance and moisture resistance, strength, non-toxicity, low cost, etc. The most used types of PVA: household, universal, stationery, super -PVA-M, polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion.

It is generally accepted that the best glue of this type is KLEIBERIT, produced by the German company of the same name. It is quite heat-resistant - up to 120 ° C and is highly durable. This is confirmed by studies of the structure of the emulsion: the ratio of the glue molecule to the molecule of water and air is 1:10. This structure provides vapor and air permeability, so glued structures (beams, beams, moldings) “breathe” like freshly cut wood. Therefore, KLEIBERIT glue is preferred in the manufacture of wooden structures.

For the first time, EPI-adhesive systems began to be used in Japan, later in Asia, Europe and Russia. In accordance with laboratory research federal service, designed to protect consumer rights, is considered safe for people and the environment emulsion polymer-isocyanate adhesive, or EPI-glue. It fully meets the same sanitary-epidemiological and hygienic requirements. In Russia, such adhesive systems are offered by a number of manufacturers. Among them is the domestic company Khimtekh NN LLC. EPI-adhesive system produced in Russia - ViAR-D 4.1 is certified by RossRu.AV 24.N04682. Glue is used when gluing on the "thorn" and "mini-thorn", production furniture board, stairs, dividing walls and building elements. Its advantages over other adhesive systems are that it does not contain formaldehyde, complies with GOST requirements, and is used in a wide range of applications. temperature regime: +5 - +110 °С; glues wood with a high quality, with a moisture content of up to 15%, with an adhesive consumption of 200–300 g/m2. The pressing of the elements to be glued takes about 30 minutes. The resulting products are more resistant to stress, and the glue seam between the lamellas of the timber, as a rule, is not affected by temperature, and is resistant to moisture.

The finished product does not require special finishing, it is strong enough subject to the operating rules proposed by manufacturing companies. Taking into account the rules for the operation of finished glued products, melamine, resorcinol and polyurethane adhesives are also used in the process of their production.

Melamine glue is made on the basis of melamine (gr. melamin) - a crystalline substance obtained by boiling melam (colorless crystals, slightly soluble in water) with a diluted potassium solution. According to studies, melamine is slightly toxic. Its advantages are as follows: it is highly resistant to various mechanical and chemical influences, is not affected by moisture and sun rays, durable and undemanding to care for. When using melamine glue, a vitreous glue line is formed. Its preferred application is the production of heavy-duty large-span wooden structures.

Resorcinol adhesives are produced on the basis of resorcinol (lat. resorcinum) - a derivative of phenol - an almost colorless crystalline substance with a slight sweet odor. It is soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone and water. As a result of the polycondensation reaction of resorcinol with formaldehyde, an adhesive is produced that gives a dark seam of a dense three-dimensional structure. It is characterized by high physical and mechanical performance. Since it contains formaldehyde, it is used outside buildings, in court and house building. They are not recommended for use in residential buildings, so our company does not use resorcinol adhesives in its work.

A relatively new universal adhesive system is polyurethane adhesive. It provides a strong connection of the glued surfaces, is resistant to the formation of mold and pathogenic microbes. It is preferred in the manufacture of load-bearing structures of beams, as well as when gluing "complex" wood. It includes oak, beech, larch. The result is a transparent adhesive seam, resistant to both aggressive environmental influences and moisture, and chemicals different nature.

Our company prefers environmentally friendly adhesive systems that do not contain phenols and formaldehydes, so we do not use melamine and resorcinol adhesives.

Surely, everyone has heard about glued beams, from which wooden houses are built, but only a few asked the question - what kind of glue do companies use in the construction of buildings? But in housing construction, given that the future owner wants to live in an environmentally friendly place, the issue of security is almost the most important. The fact is that not all firms use quality material, since in the pursuit of profit it is easier to use dangerous adhesives. The following material will reveal the composition of glue for glued laminated timber, its price and types.

The main features of the manufacture of glued beams. Composition

Very often this construction material, like glued laminated timber, is made from coniferous species like pine. From a structural point of view, such wood consists of 3 or more boards, sawn radially. Sawing lamellas is carried out according to a special technology, which takes into account the angle of inclination of the annual rings to stress and reduce the moisture content of the wood. After drying, pre-treated lamellas are glued and pressed under a huge load and a temperature regime of 200 ° C.

During the production of glued beams, the adhesive under pressure enters deep into the pores wood material which makes it possible to provide a strong grip. After the polymerization of the glue, the timber goes through the procedure of planing and cutting to the required dimensions. The characteristics of adhesive compositions are regulated by GOSTs and international standards.

When everything is completely hardened, almost all types of glue do not emit harmful and hazardous substances. But for the question of whether the polymerization of the adhesive composition has completely occurred, the manufacturer of the timber is directly responsible. For this reason, when choosing a contractor for housing construction, it is necessary to pay special attention to what adhesive composition will be used for the production of glued beams.

It may seem that a lot of time should be devoted to the problem of selecting the right adhesive, but, in fact, this is not the case. First, not everyone pays attention to the importance of this issue. And secondly, organizations often ignore nuances and details. Third, most value economy over quality, as the best adhesives tend to be the most expensive.

Everyone who has planned to order a house should understand that not all adhesives are suitable for glued laminated timber. If we consider the problem more carefully, then some mixtures are simply contraindicated due to huge amount toxins and harmful substances. After all, glued laminated timber is only considered the most environmentally friendly material when the correct production technology is observed, including the choice of glue. Otherwise, the tree loses its security, and the houses built from them lose their “status”.

Also, when ordering the construction of a bathhouse or a house from glued laminated timber, you should pay attention to how the material is made. There are enterprises in which the board is glued together from small pieces, with a total length of 20-40 cm. As a result, a beam with the effect “ chessboard”, which greatly impairs the aesthetic appearance. An excellent indicator is one splicing of lamellas per 10-15 m.

The use of melamine glue and other analogues significantly worsens the performance of the timber, since environmentally friendly systems should not have formaldehyde.

What composition of glue is used in glued beams?

To date, there are four types of adhesive mixture for the manufacture of building material:

• Melamine glue. Widely used in Europe, and recently in Russia. It has good adhesive characteristics. After polymerization it becomes completely transparent. Can be applied to timber even at 80% humidity.

• Polyurethane adhesive. Has good indicators of manufacturability and quickly hardens.

• EPI glue (polymer isocyanate emulsion). Suitable according to domestic and foreign standards for the production of wall beams. The glue does not contain formaldehyde and belongs to the safest group of compounds. It is transparent and versatile.

• resorcinol adhesive. It has one significant difference from the others - after polymerization it acquires dark shade. It is very popular in Japan and the USA for gluing floor beams. For use outdoors only.

PVA glue is considered the cheapest today. Such a composition of glue is not acceptable for the construction of private houses, but this does not mean that you cannot contact an unscrupulous manufacturer who uses just such materials in manufacturing technology.

The composition of glue for glued beams is divided into three classes:

Adhesion parameters are increased by adding synthetic resins that release toxins such as isocyanite, formalin and others. But it is safe to say that the release of these substances is small.

What is the danger of glue, which contains formaldehyde?

Surely, everyone has heard of such a potent poison as formaldehyde. According to hygienic standards, this substance is carcinogenic. However, during the existence of this standard (it was adopted in 1998), many researchers and scientists have spoken out on this score more than once. According to them, in addition to the fact that formaldehyde acts as a dangerous allergen and irritant, it has mutagenic properties.

Since the production of formaldehyde-based resins is relatively cheap, it is actively used in the production of plastics, chipboard and other areas. But its connection with the risk of developing cancerous tumors of the respiratory tract has already been proven.

If there is a chipboard cabinet in the building, then this may not affect the deterioration of health due to the low concentration of the toxin. But if the source is the whole house, its floor, walls and ceiling, the building immediately turns into a serious threat. The problem is especially acute when internal walls not finished, and on the street is the summer heat. The proportion of harmful emissions is increasing.

For this reason, competently following the manufacturing company is its main priority. And the buyer of glued laminated timber must be convinced of the composition of the glue.

Many experienced builders it is advised to regularly ventilate the room, which will help reduce the content of toxins. In addition, some plants like ficus, ivy, or chrysanthemum bushes can absorb formaldehyde.

So, with the right choice of glue by the manufacturer, the wood will be able to "breathe", and the house itself will indeed become durable, environmentally friendly and safe. It should be noted that great alternative Glued laminated timber is a solid profiled timber.

The most popular eco-friendly manufacturers of timber adhesives with a safe composition

• Adhesive for timber Akzo Nobel. This is a two-component adhesive that is made in the Netherlands. It does not contain toluene and formaldehyde and has a European certificate for use in products that come into contact with food.

• EPI structural adhesive Dynea-Prefere. It is used in the manufacture of load-bearing structural beams from glued beams. It is considered the strongest of its kind. Possesses the only certificate for structural adhesive in Europe. Refers to environmentally friendly adhesive mixtures.
• Also applies to environmentally friendly formulations.
• Himtekh NN. Domestic manufacturer of EPI-glue.

The procedure for choosing a company that produces glued laminated timber should be approached carefully, since, in addition to low-quality material, you can slip wood that is hazardous to health. To get started, ask the manufacturer what adhesive composition he glues the wood with.

Quite often, “suspicious” developers are interested in what kind of glue is used for glued laminated timber, whether it releases harmful substances into the air, how firmly it sticks together, whether it is afraid of moisture, etc.

We will focus only on those adhesives that have industrial applications.

• Melamine adhesives. Quite widely used in woodworking enterprises in Europe, in last years become widespread in domestic enterprises. After hardening, they become transparent, have high adhesion, are used during the manufacture of large-span highly loaded structures, can work under relative humidity up to 80%.
• resorcinol adhesives. After cooling, they form a dark seam; they are used in America and Japan; they are rarely used in Europe. They have improved bonding qualities, such can be used outdoors.
• EPI adhesives. Type of seam - transparent, universal application, used for the manufacture of glued structures for housing construction. In terms of environmental friendliness, it belongs to the safest group of adhesives.
• polyurethane adhesives. They have a light beige seam, have excellent workability, quickly harden, and can be used on high-performance automatic production lines. The seam is white, the specific moisture content of wood during gluing should not exceed 18%, it is widely used in production.

According to water resistance, they are divided into several classes: D3 - carpentry, for interior spaces; D4 - can be used outdoors, has increased water resistance and D4 + - increased water resistance, does not lose its original adhesion characteristics at any moisture content of the wood. For environmental safety, the international standard establishes three groups: E3, E2 and E1.

As for the notorious "environmental friendliness". You need to know that all modern adhesives have high manufacturability and adhesion, and this is achieved due to the inclusion of synthetic resins in their composition. The latter emit formalin, isocyanate, etc., not very useful compounds into the air. True, their number is scanty, for most people it has no effect. But apart from the majority, there is also a minority. Nowadays we're not going anywhere chemical compounds, they are everywhere, this is a kind of payment for progress. About the experience of living in houses from glued laminated timber read .

Comparative table of properties and prices of adhesives for glued beams

To compare some characteristics, it will be interesting to compare three types of adhesives.

There are no special differences in adhesive abilities, the adhesion properties of all three are excellent. In terms of environmental friendliness, emulsion polymer-isocyanate (EPI) glue occupies the first place, and in terms of use it ranks last. Paradoxical? No, everything is very easy to explain. Firstly, such glue reduces the productivity of the equipment - it is very difficult to work in a continuous mode. Secondly, its price is 20% higher than the rest.