Mulberry is a delicious fruit on a charming tree. White mulberry: planting, care and description of the best varieties (photo) Dwarf mulberry species

Mulberry , or Mulberry tree ( lat. morus) - genus of plants of the family Mulberry (Moraceae).

The genus includes 10-16 species of deciduous trees distributed in the warm temperate and subtropical zones of Asia, Africa and North America. Mulberry also grows in the territories of Russia, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, South Kazakhstan, Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova.

Among the people, you can sometimes find mulberry under other names - here, mulberry, mulberry, mulberry tree, tutina, tutina.

Mulberry in youth is a fast-growing tree, but gradually slows down its growth and rarely grows over 10-15 m. The leaves are alternate, simple, often lobed, especially on young shoots, serrated at the edges. Fruit - complex, consisting of drupes, fleshy from an overgrown perianth, 2-3 cm long, red to dark purple, edible - in some species sweet and has nice smell. Mulberry lives up to 200 years, less often up to 300-500.

It has edible fruit, from which the filling for pies is made, wines, mulberry vodka and soft drinks are made. Berries of red mulberry (native to North America) and black mulberry (native to southwest Asia) have pleasant aroma. White mulberries (originally from East Asia) have a different smell, often described as "tasteless". The ripe fruit contains a large amount of resveratrol, which is a powerful plant antioxidant.

Two species - white mulberry (Morus alba) and black mulberry (Morus nigra) - are widely cultivated, including in the south of Russia.

In Jericho, a mulberry tree grows, under which, according to legend, Jesus Christ was looking for shadows. She is over 2000 years old.

Mulberry species

The classification of mulberries is complex and ambiguous. In total, descriptions of over 150 species of this plant have been published, but are considered valid, according to different classifications, only 10-16 species. Classification is also often more complicated large quantity hybrids.

These types are generally recognized:

This type of mulberry comes from Southwest Asia, where it has been cultivated since ancient times for its edible fruits and has spread widely to the west and east. It is most widely distributed in Iran, Afghanistan, North India, where it is often used to make jams and sorbets.

Black mulberry- deciduous tree 10-13 m high with leaves 10-20 cm long and 6-10 cm wide, covered with fluff below. The fruit is a dark purple, almost black, polydrupe, 2-3 cm long. It is edible and has a sweet taste. Flowering time - May - June, "fruits" ripen in July - August.

Mature "fruits" of black mulberry contain up to 25% sugars (mainly glucose and fructose), organic acids, tannic, pectin, coloring and other substances, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, PP, rubber. The "fruits" of black mulberry have a high iron content - up to 6.5%.

In areas of cultural plantings, mulberry is the basis of industrial sericulture. Along the way, the bast of a tree has long been used - for the production of fabrics, ropes, paper, paints. The "fruits" of mulberries are consumed fresh and dried, they are used to prepare syrups, jams, vinegar, bekmes ( artificial honey). Dried "fruits" withstand long-term storage and completely replace sugar.

Medicinal properties have seed and juice from them, leaves, bark of branches and roots. "Fruits" (in equal measure and water infusion) - a good anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, expectorant, "blood-purifying", diaphoretic, diuretic, astringent (especially immature "fruits") remedy. Despite the high percentage of sugar, ripe black mulberry fruits quench thirst well.

An infusion of mulberry leaves is prescribed as a tonic and antipyretic, as well as for beriberi, diabetes, a decoction of the bark - for heart diseases. Chopped bark (mixed with vegetable oil) is applied as an ointment on old wounds and bruises, and the infusion of "fruits" and juice diluted with water is an excellent external remedy (rinse) for diseases of the throat and oral cavity.

It comes from the eastern regions of China, where it has been cultivated for about four thousand years as food for the silkworm. From China, the mulberry spread to Central Asia, Afghanistan, North India, Pakistan, Iran, and somewhat later - to the Transcaucasus. Approximately in the VI century. appeared in Georgia, has been known in Europe since the 12th century, in America - not earlier than the 16th century. In the 17th century was bred in Moscow, but the climate was too harsh for her, and the cultivation of mulberry moved to the Lower Volga region and the North Caucasus.

At present, it is extensively planted everywhere and widely naturalized from India, Afghanistan and Iran to Spain and Portugal. In the European part of Russia, its culture is possible up to the Volgograd line, to the north there is a danger of freezing. In the North Caucasus, mulberry often runs wild and is found in riverine forests.

white mulberry grows in the form of a tree, up to 15-18 m high with a spreading spherical crown. The trunk and large branches are covered with grayish-brown bark. The leaves are broadly ovate, unequal at the base, petiolate, serrated along the edge, palmate-toothed, 5-15 cm long. They are located on shoots of two types: elongated vegetative and shortened fruitful. The flowers are unisexual, collected in inflorescences: staminate - in drooping cylindrical spikes, pistillate - in short oval on very short peduncles. The axis of the inflorescence expands during fruiting, forming seedlings from numerous nuts enclosed in overgrown fleshy and juicy pericarp. Blossoms in April-May, fruits ripen in May-June. Seed fruit - polydrupes, up to 4 cm long, cylindrical, white or painted in pink or red. The taste is sickeningly sweet. They are edible fresh (white, soft and the branches fall to the ground from a slight shaking), they can be dried and fermented into wine. The taste is inferior to black mulberry in saturation.

Unlike black mulberry white mulberry does not spoil clothes.

Tannins (3.2-3.7%), flavonoids (up to 1%), coumarins, organic acids, resins, essential oil (0.03-0.04), sterols (sitosterol, capesterol) were found in the leaves of white mulberry . Rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin were isolated from the sum of flavonoids, and osthol was isolated from coumarins.

The fruits contain up to 12% sugars (sometimes up to 23%), represented mainly by monosaccharides, about 1.5% nitrogenous substances, 0.1% phosphoric acid, flavonoids, carotene, pectin, organic acids (malic, citric), a little vitamin C and tannins.

Mulberry white in traditional medicine:

- The bark of the trunks and roots - in the form of an aqueous decoction is used for coughs, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, as an expectorant, diuretic, as well as for epilepsy and hypertension.
- Juice of the bark of the roots - drink on an empty stomach as an antihelminthic.
- Leaves - in the form of an infusion as an antipyretic for colds.
- Fresh leaf juice - soothes toothache.
- Fresh fruits - gastric and duodenal ulcers.
– Syrup (doshab), cooked from fruits in Azerbaijan, is used for cardiovascular diseases, anemia, as a hemostatic in postpartum, uterine bleeding, urticaria and scarlet fever.

White mulberry leaves are the preferred food for silkworms and can be used to feed cattle and goats.

Mulberry wood goes to household crafts, musical instruments, dishes, various souvenirs.

It comes from eastern North America. There it grows from Ontario and Vermont to Florida, Texas and South Dakota.

Red mulberry is a tree 10-15 m high with heart-shaped leaves 7-14 cm long and 6-12 cm wide. The fruit is a dark purple polydrupe 2-3 cm long, resembling a blackberry in appearance. It is edible and has a sweet taste.

Small-leaved mulberry (Morus microphylla). Homeland - the south of North America: Texas, Mexico. It looks like red mulberry, but its leaves and fruits are smaller.

Mulberry is propagated by seeds, cuttings, parts of roots and layering.

Reproduction by seeds. Seeds are usually harvested when the berries have acquired an intense color for the variety. Then they are stored until spring sowing.

To grow seedlings, they are sown in warm ground in late April - early May. A very even bed is prepared for them, and on it, after 40 cm, ridges 10 cm high are raised. These ridges are compacted from all sides. Seeds are sown in grooves at the tops of the ridge to a depth of 1 cm. It is best to close them up with humus, sawdust or structural earth.

In order for the seedlings to be strong and grow well, water for irrigation must be prepared with special solutions. For the first time, it would be good to pour the seeds with a solution of Chinese magnolia vine, tree-like and pinnate in a ratio of 1: 2 (0.5 l per 10 l of water). Then water daily with plain water so that it nourishes the soil until sprouts appear and leaves form. After a month, the seedlings again need to be watered with a solution to root system was getting thicker.

Already 2-year-old seedlings are planted on the place intended for mulberry. Mulberry begins to bear fruit in the 5th - 6th year. And every year the harvest is getting richer.

Mulberry is vegetatively propagated by layering, root shoots, cuttings with green and lignified cuttings, as well as grafting. By grafting, as a rule, the best varieties and decorative forms are propagated. It is effective to propagate mulberries with green cuttings. With this method, the rooting of cuttings is 80-90% even without the use of growth regulators. When propagated by lignified cuttings, the results are much worse. When propagating mulberry using grafting, white mulberry seedlings are used as rootstocks. You can graft by all methods known in horticulture. For planting mulberry seedlings, a well-lit place protected from cold winds is selected, preferably on the south side of the site. The distance to other plants is 5-6 m. Before planting seedlings, they dig landing pits size 80 × 80x60 cm. The pits are covered with soil from the upper fertile layer. 2-3 buckets of humus or compost, 60-80 g of superphosphate and 40-50 g of potassium salt or 150 g of complex fertilizer. In the pit, fertilizers are thoroughly mixed with the soil. In the conditions of Ukraine, it is possible to plant both in spring (April) and in early autumn (September - early October).

If mulberries are planted specifically for harvesting, then it is advisable to take a seedling from the nursery that has already been fruiting, so as not to take male specimens, which, naturally, will not bear fruit. The soil on the trunk circles is kept in a loose and weed-free state. When the plants begin to bear fruit, it is advisable to regularly feed them with fertilizers. Usually, during the growing season, one feeding is enough in the phase of bud break, while per 1 sq. m contribute 30-50 g of nitrophoska. If necessary, feeding is repeated in the first half of June. Simultaneously with irrigation, fermented slurry diluted with water 5-6 times, or bird droppings, which are diluted 10-12 times, are introduced. In the second half of summer, top dressing is not carried out in order to timely end the growth of shoots and better prepare them for winter.

On the backyard or suburban area Mulberries are best grown in bushy form. The height of trees is limited to 3 m. In fruit-bearing trees, the main type of pruning is thinning. Cut out branches thickening the crown, crossing, diseased, weak, broken, trying to keep the crown within a given height and width.

Damaged

— American ifantria (Ifantria americana)- a butterfly that gnaws at the leaves (leaving only the "skeleton" - the veins), which ultimately leads to the complete deleafing of the plant. Against it, they are treated with organophosphate insecticides;

Mulberry is an extremely useful plant.

Mulberry fruits contain vitamins:, B2,, PP, carotene, organic acids (malic and citric), essential oils, almost 27% of higher fatty acids, up to 63% lipids. Valuable fruit content of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose) and iron salts.

Fresh fruits are useful for anemia, they contribute to the restoration of impaired metabolism in the body. In scientific medicine, they are used for hypochromic anemia, which is associated with gastritis with low acidity of gastric juice. Mulberry is very useful for gastrointestinal diseases (enterocolitis, dysentery, dysbacteriosis) and diseases of the biliary tract.

Medicine has experience in treating patients with myocardiostrophy and heart disease with a large number of fresh mulberry fruits. After the course of treatment, the pain subsided in patients, the work of the heart improved, shortness of breath decreased, and working capacity was restored.

Juice and infusion (or compote) of fresh fruit is used as an expectorant and diuretic.

The juice - effective remedy for the treatment of ulcerative lesions of the mouth and throat. For rinsing, use juice diluted with water, or an infusion of fresh fruits.

Infusion of mulberry leaves in folk medicine is used for hypertension, inflammatory processes and cough.

In Chinese folk medicine, a decoction of the roots is used for kidney failure and sexual impotence. For mild forms diabetes it is useful to sprinkle dishes with mulberry leaf powder before eating.

Mulberry leaves, especially white mulberry, are the main source of nutrition for silkworm larvae, the pupa of which is used to produce silk. In addition to the silkworm, the larvae of the tailed green moth (Hemithea aestivaria), linden hawk moth (Mimas tiliae) and maple lancet (Acronicta aceris) also feed on mulberry leaves.

Mulberry wood is highly valued. AT Central Asia it is used to make musical instruments. It is used as a building and ornamental material in carpentry and cooperage due to its qualities - dense, elastic, heavy.

- A decoction of branches reduces blood pressure, relieves rheumatoid pain. To do this, they, along with the leaves, should be chopped with a hatchet and steamed in a large saucepan (or better in cast iron) in the oven or Russian oven 2-3 hours. Pour the contents of the pan into a bucket and soar your feet in it. Then put warm leaves over the knees, feet, wrap them with linen cloth and wrap them with a woolen scarf on top. Do the procedure before bed.

- Against high "sugar". Brew 2 tbsp. spoons of mulberry leaves in 1 tbsp. boiling water overnight in a thermos (daily rate). Drink 10 days.

- A decoction of the leaves is drunk for colds and chills 3-4 times a day, 100 g each, adding mint leaves to it. The effect is not worse than after raspberry leaf tea.

- Berry juice cleanses the blood, dissolves tumors in the throat, larynx, in the sky. Gargling with juice relieves rashes and mouth ulcers.

- Mulberry roots make a good expectorant, thinning thick, viscous sputum.

Mulberry: contraindications

Mulberry should be used with caution in hypertension, as in hot weather it can cause an increase blood pressure. A lot of mulberries should not be eaten by patients with diabetes.

Reception too a large number ripe berries mulberries can cause diarrhea.

Mulberry storage

Mulberry fruits are difficult to keep fresh for a long time. They can lie down in a plastic bag in the refrigerator for 2-3 days, and then they need to be urgently recycled.
Mulberry is used to make jam, compote, it is cooked in sugar syrup, and in Armenia, for example, an extract (bekmes) is made from white mulberry. Mulberry is good as a filling for pies.

• Mulberry compote

For the preparation of compote, large-fruited cultivars of white or black mulberries with great content Sahara.

Fresh healthy berries are sorted, impurities are removed, half of the stem is cut with scissors. Rinse thoroughly with a psi shower until the dirt is completely removed. Let the water drain.

Prepared mulberries are tightly packed in jars and poured sugar syrup: white mulberry - 20-30% concentration, red - 40-45% concentration.

Filled jars with a capacity of 0.5 l are placed in a sterilization bath with an initial temperature of 40-50°C, pasteurized at 85-90°C for 20 minutes or sterilized at 100°C for 10 minutes.

On a jar of 0.5 liters they spend: fruits - 300 g, syrup - 200 g.

• Mulberry jam

First way. Ripe large and medium-sized mulberries are sorted out, defective leaves and other impurities are removed, washed in the shower or immersed in a colander in a basin of water. The stalks are partially cut with scissors, leaving 0.1-0.2 cm.

Sugar syrup is prepared at the rate of: for 1 kg of berries 1.5 kg of sugar for black, 1.2 kg for white varieties and 1.5-2 cups of water. Berries are poured with hot syrup, brought to a boil and boiled over low heat for 5-8 minutes. Remove from heat, after 5-6 hours bring to a boil for the second time and cook for 5-6 minutes. After 5-6 hours, cook on low heat until tender. Before the end of cooking, add 3 g citric acid for 1 kg of jam.

The finished jam is hot packed in jars and corked.

The same jam is produced with pasteurization. Filled jars are pasteurized at 90-95°C: jars with a capacity of 0.5 l - 8-10 minutes, 1 l - 15 minutes.

The second way. Fruits are poured with syrup and incubated for 3-4 hours. Throw on a sieve or colander, and boil the syrup to a boiling point of 104-105°C. The discarded fruits are lowered into the finished syrup and boiled over high heat until tender.

The third way. Send mulberry with sugar and, after 6-8 hours, boil over low heat for 5-8 minutes. After that, leave again for 5-6 hours, and then boil again for 5-10 minutes. This is done until the jam is ready.

With all cooking methods, at the end, 2-3 g of citric acid per 1 kg of mulberry must be added to the jam.

• White mulberry extract (bekmes)

White mulberry large-fruited cultivars sorted, leaves, dried and underdeveloped fruits are removed, washed in the shower, transferred to a canvas bag and pressed. You can get juice in another way: 1 liter of water is added to 10 kg of mulberry, brought to a boil and pressed on grape presses in a canvas bag under load.

The resulting juice is filtered and boiled over low heat until its volume is reduced by 3-3.5 times. When boiling, the juice should be stirred periodically and remove the foam from it, avoiding burning. Readiness is easy to determine by the foam: if foaming goes to the center of the dish and large bubbles, then the bekmes is ready.

Ready bekmes has a light brown color and taste of sweet ripe mulberries. Packed cold and without sealing.

Use bekmes with butter mixed with finely crushed walnut Or just bread.

• Mulberry in sugar syrup

For such canned food, you can take fruits of any color or a mixture of varieties of different colors.

Ripe fruits are washed cold water, let the water drain, and then lay them out in one layer on an oilcloth for drying. During the drying process, the fruits are periodically mixed to dry the entire surface.

Dried mulberries are passed through a meat grinder. Cook sugar syrup at the rate of 1.2 kg of sugar and 300 g of water per 1 kg of fruit.

The crushed mulberries are poured with boiling sugar syrup, the mixture is well stirred and hot packaged in sterilized hot jars, filling them to the top.

Filled jars are covered with pre-prepared mugs of parchment paper soaked in alcohol. (The diameter of the circles should be equal to the outer diameter of the jar.) Over the paper circles, the jars are covered metal lids and seal. Closed banks keep until cool room temperature then placed in a cool place.

Mulberry Composition

In 100 gr. mulberry contains:

Water - 85 g
Proteins - 1.44 g
Fats - 0.4 g - 0.05 mg

Calorie content of mulberries

100 g of mulberry contains on average about 43 kcal.

Interesting information about mulberry

— There is a beautiful legend about how mulberry was used to make silk. Princess Xi Ling Shi rested under a huge mulberry tree. Suddenly, a cocoon fell from a branch into a cup of tea. The princess saw hot water the cocoon blooms with shiny, iridescent threads. So the Celestial Empire received one of its main secrets: that a nondescript silkworm living on a mulberry tree is a source of material from which precious silk can be made.

- Mulberry (mulberry) played its role in the development of world culture. As you know, paper appeared in China before our era. And it was the mulberry bast, which is located under the bark of the tree, that the Chinese used to make paper.

– The population of the mountainous and foothill regions of Central Asia has been selecting the best forms mulberries with high quality fruit and good yield. Thus, the Balkh mulberry variety, which has come down to us from Asht and Kanibadam, produces 500-600 kilograms of berries per tree.

- In Tajikistan, a tradition has been observed for centuries: each family annually harvested half a ton of dried mulberry seedlings.

- It is believed that in Ukraine the oldest mulberry grows on the territory of the National Botanical Garden. Grishko. She is about 500 years old. According to legend, it was planted by monks from seeds brought from a pilgrimage to Central Asia. And what, it was from this tree that all the mulberries growing in Ukraine went. According to unconfirmed reports, Taras Shevchenko made several sketches of this mulberry tree.

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Tags: mulberry, morus, black mulberry, mulberry medicinal properties, mulberry jam, white mulberry, mulberry reproduction, mulberry reproduction, benefits of mulberry, mulberry tree, mulberry, mulberry in cooking, mulberry in folk medicine, recipes with mulberry

Or a mulberry tree, was known even under Tsar Ivan IV. Then, for the first time in Russia, the royal manufactory began to produce fine natural silk for the royal court. Mulberry leaves served as food for the silkworm, from whose cocoons silk was obtained. Mulberry was also very fond of Peter I, by a special decree he forbade the felling of mulberry trees. In many countries, to this day, mulberry trees are used to make real silk, but in Russia such production is practically not developed.

Mulberry belongs to the mulberry family, which is represented by a number of tall trees and shrubs. Its berries are actually mini-nutlets with fused pericarps. In our country, white and black mulberries have gained their fame, but in wild nature also grows fodder mulberry, she is satin, and in America grows inedible red mulberry with valuable timber. Breeders have bred about 400 varieties mulberry tree.

The one that silkworm caterpillars ate in China.

Her leaves are tender, silk turned out highest quality. The fruits are usually white, yellowish or pinkish, juicy, sugary-sweet, but (!) There are also dark ones. white mulberry quite frost-resistant, widespread everywhere. The tree has thick gray bark.

She came to us from the South, from Iran, and capricious silkworms are not suitable for food - her leaves are too rough. But for people, its purple-black fruits are of undoubted gastronomic interest. Sweet, sour, outwardly reminiscent of oblong-shaped berries. Taste nuances are richer than those of white mulberry.

The tree is thermophilic, although there are also frost-resistant varieties. The bark of black mulberry is red-brown.

Mulberry cultivation

A mulberry tree can reach 35 m in height, but in a garden it is necessary to form a crown so that the tree is no higher than 2-3 m. The mulberry lives extremely long, 200-300 years. For 5 years after planting, you can expect a harvest, and from grafted trees - even earlier. A 10-year-old tree produces up to 100 kg of fruit.

Mulberry plants can be self-pollinating (monoecious - when there are male and female flowers in one inflorescence) or have a female and male plant (dioecious). Depending on this, one tree is planted or a pair is required (male and female).

Mulberry is often used due to its excellent fruiting and good vitality in the city. It looks great in group plantings and in the form. Now choosing more decorative forms of mulberry: for example, weeping, whose branches gently bend to the ground itself.

Low mulberry trees with a spherical crown have also gained popularity. In group plantings, a pyramidal or narrow pyramidal crown is most often used. The height of such trees can reach 6 m.

Mulberry propagation

1. Seeds

The seed method is used by breeders to adapt the mulberry tree to the harsh northern regions or to grow a rootstock for grafting. To do this, take the seeds and them for 2 months.

If you sow without stratification, then you should soak them before planting for 3 days. Sowing is done in early spring.

2. Vegetatively

Mulberry can be propagated undergrowth, layering(for weeping form), green cuttings, vaccination.

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Mulberry Care

Watering

In order for the tree to withstand frost well, in the first half of summer (until July), the mulberry must be watered and nourished with mineral and organic. And starting in July, you need to stop fertilizing and watering the plant. This will help the mulberry, being in a dormant period, to tolerate temperature changes and frost well.

pruning

The tree is formed with a trunk of 0.5-1.5 m, the height of the crown will be 2-4 m, and its shape will be broom-shaped or spherical.

Young growths of last year often freeze over because they still have a weak bark and it loses moisture very quickly, unlike old shoots covered with cork bark. In this case, they need to be cut off, this operation will not affect the yield.

Harvesting and using mulberries

Mulberry berries, depending on the climate and variety, ripen from late May to August. Ripening is very uneven, on one branch there may already be fully ripe and berries that are just starting to grow.

Ripe berries crumble quite easily, so at the beginning of ripening lay a fabric or film under your mulberry in advance to make it easier to harvest.

Folk medicine in many Asian countries has long used mulberries as a cure for many diseases:

• mulberry bark when brewed is the strongest anthelmintic;
• infusion of berries helps with coughing;
• berry juice helps to cope with stomatitis, tonsillitis and many inflammations of the mucosa;
• infusion of leaves - a godsend for hypertensive patients.

Mulberry berries make excellent jam.

But eating berries raw or as part of desserts does not detract from the merits of this wonderful delicacy.

Shelley No. 150

This variety and two more below belong to Prokazin Leonid Ilyich from the Poltava region. Shelley berries are very large, up to 5.5 cm, with high palatability variety is very high yielding. Considered one of the best and most famous varieties mulberries.

Black mulberry Shelly 150. Photo from kovalsad.in.ua

One sheet of mulberry Shelley 150 reaches a length of half a meter with a petiole!

Mulberry Luganochka. Photo from veda-dom.ru

Do you grow mulberries in your garden?

Decorative mulberry is not only useful, but also beautiful tree, which every day is becoming widely known among gardeners and gardeners. Decorative varieties of mulberry are grown not only for the use of its tasty and useful fruits, but also for decorating a personal plot.

It is quite possible to grow this tree on your own. If you carefully follow all agrotechnical measures, then you can get a regular and rich harvest.

Description

Ornamental mulberry is a deciduous tree, whose leaves can be up to 10-30 cm long. It has a tent-shaped or broadly ovoid crown shape. Young seedlings gain height very quickly, and then their growth stops. The lifespan of a tree is approximately 200 years. But in practice, there were centenarians who managed to bear fruit up to 300 and 500 years.

Mulberry decorative

Leaves are arranged alternately. They are simple, lobed, with jagged edges. One tree can have leaves different shapes and size. The fruits are complex, consist of drupes. The color of the berries can be different: cream, white, red or black. They are very tasty and sweet, and they also have an incredible aroma.

The flowers are unisexual, can take on a white or white-green color. Inflorescences can be different, they are all in axillary spikes. Decorative mulberry blooms from April to May. But you can harvest in July. The flowers are pollinated by the wind. And the seeds are spread by birds that eat the berries.

To date, about 400 varieties of decorative mulberries are known. But the most popular are:

1. weeping. The height of this mulberry reaches 5 m. It is characterized by branches hanging to the ground.

   

   weeping

2. Pyramidal. These trees have a pyramidal crown. The height is 8 m.

   

   fruits of the Pyramidal

3. spherical. This is decorative tree, in which the crown has the shape of a ball.

   

   spherical

4. large-leaved. In this variety, the leaves can grow up to 22 cm long.

   

   large-leaved

5. Dissected leaf. decorative culture, which has an uncharacteristic leaf shape. It will also be interesting to look at that. what they look like

   

   dissected leaf

6. Golden. This plant got its name due to the fact that the color of its leaves and shoots is cast in gold. But how the planting and care of the golden thuja takes place, indicated in this

   

   Golden

How to plant

Growing decorative mulberry begins with the fact that it is to be planted. This must be done in April, while self-promotion has not yet begun. You can still plant seedlings in September-October, before the rainy season has begun. Best to choose autumn planting. When the plant can survive the winter, it will allow it to live for a long time.

To correctly determine the landing site, you need to find out what is preferable for the selected plant. Decorative mulberry belongs to light-loving crops and needs protection from cold winds.

She does not like dry and sandy soil, as well as saline and marshy land. Make sure that the occurrence of groundwater is not higher than 1.5 m. (In this case, you can use it). If you plant trees with male flowers, then one should not expect fruit from them. But it will be possible to find out the sex of your seedling only after 4-5 years. To avoid unpleasant surprises, you need to buy 3 summer plants that have already given birth.

On the video - how to plant a mulberry:

autumn planting

Before planting a seedling, it is necessary to prepare a foundation pit in advance. Its size depends on the root system of the plant. Please note that the seedling should be freely located in the recess. The average size of the hole is 50x50x50 cm. But how crocuses are planted in the fall in the ground, it is indicated

If there is poor soil on the site, then the pit should be of greater depth, because 5-7 kg of rotted manure combined with 100 g of superphosphate will have to be laid on its bottom. After the fertilizers have been laid, crush them with a layer of earth. Do not allow the plant to come into contact with fertilizers.

After 14 days, you can plant a mulberry seedling. Lower the roots into the pit, straighten them and dig in. The trunk needs to be shaken slightly so that there are no voids in the ground. After planting, compact the ground in the trunk circle, irrigate with 2 buckets of water. As soon as the liquid is absorbed, then mulch the trunk circle.

If a very thin and fragile seedling is used for planting, then before planting it, a support must be driven into the bottom of the recess. Tie a plant to it after planting. When planting mulberry in a heavy clay soil, then first put on the bottom of the pit broken bricks. They will act as a drain.

spring planting

The algorithm for planting mulberry seedlings in spring is no different from autumn. The only exception is that it is necessary to dig deepenings in the fall. Place a fertile substrate in them and leave until spring. In April, you can proceed to landing.

How to care

Treatment

To minimize the risk of developing diseases and pests, it is necessary to carry out preventive treatment tree and trunk circle. For these purposes, insecticides and fungicides are used.

On the video - how to care for a tree:

Fertilization

From early spring to July, decorative mulberries need to be fed. In spring, the tree requires nitrogen preparations, but in summer - phosphates and potash top dressing.

Today you can grow decorative mulberries on almost any personal plot. It is important at the same time to fully care for the plant and observe all the nuances when planting a seedling. If you approach this process responsibly, then after a while a real decoration will appear in the garden, which can still please you with delicious berries.

Weeping mulberry is a tree of the mulberry family. It belongs to one of two hundred species. But since most of them are hybrids, only 17 species of mulberry tree are officially recognized and described.

Weeping mulberry differs from other species in the size and shape of the crown. If "ordinary" plants reach a height of ten meters, then this species is small, up to three meters. And a special feature, thanks to which the pendula mulberry got its name, is long and thin branches hanging like a weeping willow or willow.

Reproduction and cultivation

The mulberry is a dioecious plant. That is, all trees are divided into male and female. Males do not bear fruit. But even from women, without the presence of men nearby, it is impossible to wait for the harvest. There is no way to tell one gender from the other. Only practical method(by the presence of fruits) it is possible to determine which tree is male and which is female.

But there are specimens that have parts of inflorescences of both sexes at the same time - monoecious. In this case, it is enough to have only one tree in the garden to get a harvest.

If when planting mulberry trees were observed standard norms(as for ordinary fruit plants), then the crop can be harvested in five years. The waiting period for the appearance of the first fruits can be significantly reduced if grafted specimens are planted. And in ten years, one plant can give the gardener up to one hundred kilograms of fruit.

cultivation

Weeping mulberry does not need any special requirements for planting and care. It is not picky about the soil. It takes root both on acidic, and on sandy, and on clay soils. It can be grown as a shrub or as a single tree.

For the formation of weeping standard mulberry, it is necessary to observe necessary distances between individual plants, which are equal to five meters, and between rows - four. But if two or three mulberries grow in the garden, then there is no question of any rows.

In the case of erecting shrub thickets from weeping mulberry seedlings, it is necessary to ensure that the distance between adjacent trees does not exceed 50 centimeters. Only in such cramped growing conditions can a shrubby form of mulberry be achieved.

Care

In the formation of the necessary crown of the tree, the height of the weeping mulberry trunk, pruning is of paramount importance. The stem must be formed up to one and a half meters high. In this case, you can get a broom-shaped or spherical crown.

In addition, special attention should be paid to young pagons. Since they have a thin bark, they are very susceptible to the influence of high and low temperatures - they freeze out in winter, and die from dehydration in drought. In such cases, pruning is simply necessary. It will absolutely not be reflected in the amount of the future harvest.

During periods of moisture deficiency, mulberries need to be watered. Particular attention should be paid to watering in the first summer month, June. Having saturated with water at the beginning of summer, the tree will be well prepared for suspended animation and will endure winter frosts without harm.

Harvest

The fruits of the weeping mulberry, like the ordinary one, begin to ripen at the end of May. Near the darkened and soft berries there are also quite “green”. Their time will come a little later or even at the end of summer.

Such uneven ripening of fruits is very convenient. You can enjoy their taste, harvest for the winter for three months. That is, it is very difficult to miss the ripening season of mulberries.

Landing specifics

When planting mulberries, there are several factors to consider. This is a long-lived plant compared to others. fruit trees. It is able to overcome the milestone of two hundred years, and even three centuries do not seem out of reach. Therefore, when planting in his garden, an amateur gardener must know this nuance so that the mulberry gives joy to several generations of residents of the house and does not interfere with its presence in view of the changed plans for redevelopment landscape design site.

You also need to know that the wood of mulberry trees is very durable. And if the trunk reaches a significant thickness, then in the event of the elimination of the trunk, it will not be possible to do without a chainsaw. And if the tree can still be overcome hand tool, then problems of the same nature will arise with the stump - the hardness of the rock.

Important! Those who have not dealt with the pendula mulberry variety may mistakenly think, after reading information on the Internet, that the branches of this tree are twisted. This is fundamentally not true. If the phrase curly mulberry flashes somewhere, then this is either a deliberate mistake or ignorance of the information.

Having carefully studied the photo of the weeping mulberry, you can make sure that it does not have the properties of curling.

Some gardeners use trees of this variety as an additional hedge near the fence, for visual protection. But branches weeping mulberry do not curl, but simply hang over the fence.

Black mulberry belongs to the trees of the Mulberry family, its foliage is simple oval in shape with jagged edges, and the berries are very fleshy, dark in color. The plant is quite common, and you can see it in different territories, ranging from Kuril Islands and ending with European countries. Persia is considered its homeland, from where this tree with sweet and beneficial fruits spread to Asia, America and Europe.

By the way, in Europe, two types of mulberry are most often cultivated: black and white. The latter is grown for silkworm feed.

Black mulberry tree: description of leaves, berries and wood

Black mulberry has coarser leaves than its "relative". The fruits of this tree are indispensable in cooking. Wood is also used, which has high elasticity and strength. It is used in different types carpentry, as well as for the production of musical instruments.

According to some external characteristics, black mulberry differs significantly from its “white” counterparts in its description:

• the color of the bark and young shoots is much darker;
• foliage is larger and tougher.

The mulberry tree is quite large and can grow up to 15 m in height, but with correct pruning manages to maintain a neat shape or even give it the appearance of a coppice shrub.

In the early years, the development of the plant is active, but gradually slows down.

The color is very small and barely noticeable among the dense foliage of the tree, pollination occurs with the help of wind. The berries of black mulberries, depending on the variety, can be quite large. They are dark, complex in shape, reminiscent of the structure of raspberries or blackberries. The berry is sweet, fleshy and juicy, has very small seeds. Ripening is uneven, so you can harvest from June to August.

Even despite the fact that warm Persia is considered the birthplace of the plant, black mulberry also grows in the Moscow region, where the climate is quite severe. The tree tolerates frost and gives good yields. The plant is able to easily endure prolonged drought, is not too demanding on soils and can develop quickly even in saline soils. Often plantings of these trees can be found in quite severe regional zones of Russia, where winter frosts can reach -30 degrees. Such resistance was acquired by new varieties that were bred by breeders. Therefore, many varieties, including those described below, black mulberries planted in the Moscow region, do not require a specific approach to cultivation and care.

Description of black mulberry varieties and their features

Breeders have bred many varieties of black mulberry. Below are the main characteristics of some of the high-yielding varieties common in middle regions, with a description of their features.

Plodovaya-4 - this variety is different small size crowns, but high yield. The berries are large - up to 4 cm in length, black in color, sweet in taste, but have light refreshing notes. The fruits are quite elastic, so they are resistant to transportation over long distances.

Black mulberry with the name of the variety Black Baroness was obtained as a result of the work of domestic breeders. The berries are distinguished by their large size and sweet taste, when ripe they become almost black. The peak of fruit collection occurs in July, and up to 100 kg of crop can be harvested from one tree. The black baroness endures very coldy, survives on any soil.

Shelly is known by many gardeners as one of the most productive and at the same time with good decorative mulberry variety. It bears fruits up to 5.5 cm in length, and the peak of productivity occurs at the end of July. The berry is characterized by a dense texture and retains for a long time. fresh look after harvest.

The mulberry tree of the Black Prince variety produces large glossy dark berries, reaching 5 cm in length. It has many advantages, which are both ease of care for it and high yields. Able to withstand prolonged drought, not susceptible to low temperatures rarely susceptible to disease. The fruits are quite elastic and can withstand transportation.

Hargut begins to bear fruit in the third year, the berries are very large, reach 5.5 cm in length, fleshy and black. With its taste characteristics, fruit juice resembles Cahors wine. Such black mulberry, based on the description of this variety, is ideal for winemaking. The plant is quite resistant to diseases and adverse growing conditions.

Many varieties of black mulberry are grown specifically for harvesting good berry crops, but there are also those that are used as ornamental plants. These include weeping mulberry, pyramidal, spherical, golden, Tatar, etc.

Look at the black mulberry ornamental varieties in the photo: with the correct formation of the crown, you can get very interesting and unusual trees:

Photo gallery

The choice of variety largely depends on what exactly you want to get from mulberries in your area: aesthetic beauty or a good harvest.

Mulberry care principles

If you decide to plant black mulberry on a plot, the cultivation of which does not require significant investments or knowledge in gardening, then remember the basic simple principles of caring for it:

Even though many varieties of this plant are not very demanding on watering and can withstand long droughts, watering is still necessary, especially in the first half of summer. Timely soil moistening from April to July with the addition of mineral and organic dressings will help the tree gain strength, give a good juicy harvest and endure severe frosts.

An adult mulberry tree of some varieties can be very tall and bulky, so in order for the plant to not only give a rich harvest, but also look aesthetically beautiful on your site, it is necessary to carry out sanitary and decorative pruning in early spring. If you want to get a tree no higher than 2 m, then the formation takes place with a trunk of 0.5-1.5 m.

This is the main thing that should be followed when planting black mulberry, and caring for growing trees. Most often, shoots or green cuttings from an adult tree are taken for planting on the site. This method gives a very high survival rate, while maintaining all the indicators of the parent variety.