Autonomous sewerage in the country. The secrets of choosing the right sewerage system for a private house. Septic tank with filtration well

Works on the installation of sewerage systems performed by the specialists of our company >>>

Any sewerage, including in the country, is divided into internal and external. The first consists of a system of risers and deck chairs and collects water from all plumbing fixtures at home, the second drains sewer drains into a public sewer network, a treatment plant or into a storage tank.

Intra-house sewerage of a summer residence

Intra-house country sewerage can be laid open and closed. Of course closed way is more preferable, since all pipes are inside the walls or between the ceilings.

Pipe laying open way it is mainly carried out in houses with finishing or in houses without an underfloor, without access to the underfloor.

The laying of sewerage pipelines has been carried out by the specialists of our company for 8 years! Having vast experience in such work, we design and implement the most non-standard solutions!

Three options for external sewerage in the country

External sewerage in the country can be done in one of three ways, a lot depends on the soil, groundwater level, dependence on power supply, and of course your capabilities.

1 - disposal of sewage into a septic tank

Great for sandy soil - this is the installation of a simple septic tank (a container divided into three parts and a filtration well.

In this system, all sewage is discharged into a septic tank, where, due to aerobic bacteria, preliminary cleaning and screening of suspended particles takes place, after which the clarified water enters the filtration well, where it is absorbed and gradually completely cleared through the soil layers.

Our company "Comfortable Dacha" installs systems of this kind only in sandy soil. Only in sandstones is it profitable in terms of costs and convenience during operation.

Being completely independent of the power supply, this simple and inexpensive system has proven itself well in sandy soils.

The only and necessary condition - the drinking well should be at least 25 meters away from the filtration well. This is a prerequisite, otherwise it is not excluded that sewage flows into drinking water.

2 - including the installation of a storage tank

Wastewater is directed to the storage tank only from the toilet bowl, from the rest of the plumbing, water is drained into a roadside ditch or ravine.

We carry out the construction of this type of systems in clay and su clay soils ah, where interruptions in power supply are possible and there is a possibility of an entrance of an autumn machine.

This country sewerage is divided into two parts independent of each other, one of which drains the sewage from the toilet bowl into a storage tank, the second, wastewater from the shower sinks is discharged through a sand bed into a roadside ditch or ravine.

This is a fairly convenient sewer system and is also non-volatile.

3 - installation of a deep biological treatment station

Stations of this type are quite compact, passing through them sewage flows are cleaned by almost 100%. This happens due to the forced oxygen enrichment of waste water located in the station.

Depending on the performance, these installations are able to clean sewage from one bathroom to entire villages.

Country sewerage systems of this type have the only drawback - this is volatility. The compressors inside must be running all year round. The conservation of such installations on winter time possible, but quite troublesome and inconvenient. Also, having mothballed the sewer system in the fall, it will be impossible to use it during a short visit to the dacha in the winter. You will also not be able to use the water supply system.

Why do we only install septic tanks in sandy soil?

Country sewerage in which wastewater is discharged into a septic tank in all types of soil except sandy involves the development of filtration fields or trenches, as well as the installation of receiving wells. Today it has become economically and technologically unprofitable. The cost and construction time of such a system is much higher, and the efficiency is much lower than that of deep-seated stations. biological treatment.

In connection with all of the above, we install septic tanks only in sandy soil, only in those places where groundwater is deep enough and the distance between the sewer intake and drinking well or well is at least 25 meters.

Stations for deep biological treatment, mainly "Topas", we install in almost any type of soil.

The sewerage of a summer residence is one of our three main directions. Our company "Comfortable Dacha" performs work on laying sewer external and internal networks (piping in the house, connection and installation of plumbing), we also install various treatment facilities, storage tanks, filtration wells.

Turning to our company, you will get a really well-thought-out, high-quality sewer system that best suits your conditions!

A house with a plot outside the city, where you can get away from the bustle and dust of the city, has become today not only a sign of prosperity, but also a practical necessity. Someone here breathes plenty of fresh air and finds rest after the everyday bustle of the city, someone is engaged in gardening and gardening, but literally everyone is faced with one problem, the solution of which depends on the comfort of living in the country.

What has become an almost obligatory attribute of civilized life in the city is often completely absent in country conditions. This is a sewer, without which other self-evident amenities are impossible. Therefore, having become the owner of a suburban area, a newly-made summer resident most often thinks about the speedy creation of urban amenities for everyone, and especially sewage for a summer residence. Moreover, if earlier many were content with primitive houses with cesspool, hidden in a secluded corner of the garden, today you can’t do without more advanced, and most importantly, durable and safe structures.

Components of country sewerage

However, if a city dweller thinks little about arranging a sewer network outside his apartment, then when arranging sewerage in a country house, one has to deal not only with plumbing fixtures and internal communications, but also remember all the components of the system:

• About plumbing fixtures, risers and pipes inside the building that make up the system internal sewerage;
• About the pipe system located outside the house;
• About the places of settling or purification of all those leaving the house and collecting wastewater from the site.

And if internal system is similar to the one in the apartments, then the remaining two parts of the country sewage system differ significantly from the components of the central city sewer and can be implemented using different methods.

Sewerage scheme in the country

Therefore, before proceeding with the creation of a sewerage system in the country with your own hands, it is necessary to determine the requirements for the system and on their basis and develop a diagram of its main objects. The decisive factors here are the location of the house, the wishes of the owner of the site and the list of used plumbing equipment.

It is optimal if all the equipment that needs to be drained is tied to one common pipe that directs the waste to a special place where the drains will either be simply collected or settled and cleaned.

If wastewater flows through different pipes, for example, from different buildings or rainwater collection channels are connected to the system, then the maintenance of such sewerage can become more complicated, and sometimes require the arrangement of several containers to dispose of the drain.

In areas where winter period dominated negative temperatures, this feature is also taken into account, which affects not only the comfortable use of sewerage in the country at any time of the year, but also the safety of pipes lying under the ground and leaving the house. If the site is expected to create the simplest sewage using a cesspool, then the occurrence of groundwater should not be lower than two meters, that is, the depth of the pit itself.

Internal sewerage system for a summer residence

Internal piping in country house is planned based on the needs of the residents and the available equipment, and the sewer pipe is removed through outer wall buildings or foundations below floor level. At the same time, it is important to provide for a sufficient slope of the pipe, in which the drain inside the house is guaranteed to be higher than the level of wastewater in the cesspool or septic tank.

External sewerage pipe system

The outdoor system is a network of pipes transporting wastewater from a collection point, whether it is in-house equipment, drainage channels or rainwater wells, to a waste treatment or storage site. Today, traditional cast iron pipes or more modern plastic products. Cast iron pipes require careful sealing, and the joints in this case are treated with a resin composition and cement mortar. Plastic pipes do not require the production of such work.

When making sewerage in the country, it is important to ensure that the slope of the sewer pipes is such that sewage can drain by gravity to a cesspool or septic tank. As a rule, such an angle of inclination of the pipe is not less than two centimeters for every meter of pipe laid in the trench. The depth of the trench is at least a meter, and the width, in order to make the work convenient, is at least half a meter.

At the same time, all pipes that fall into the soil freezing zone must be insulated with mineral wool, heat-insulating sleeves or foamed polymer material, expanded clay or foam. As a rule, all areas located above 30 cm from the soil level, as well as leads from the house, are subject to insulation.

Near the exit of the sewer pipe, a ventilation duct is also equipped, which prevents the spread of unpleasant odors in the local area.

Waste outlet

If a centralized sewer network is laid outside the site, then the summer resident should only organize the delivery of waste to a common pipe. You don't have to accumulate or clean them up.

If there is no centralized sewer nearby, then all the problems fall on the shoulders of the owner of the site, and only he will have to take care of the disposal of wastewater. And for this you need to decide which design to choose: the simplest cesspool storage pit or a modern, but more expensive one.

Sewerage in the old tradition

What could be easier than a cesspool?
This is probably the cheapest and easiest way to collect sewage waste. The design of the pit is simple, which allows you to build it without the help of specialists. However, before proceeding with earthworks, you will need to find out the required volume of the structure. This can be done based on the average volume per inhabitant of the house, which is from 0.5 to 0.7 cubic meters of liquid.

When the volume is known, you can proceed to determine the location of the future waste collector. And since wastewater is not too pleasant and useful neighborhood, a hole is dug taking into account the following rules:

• The minimum depth of the pit should not be less than two meters, which means that groundwater should not come closer to the soil surface even during the spring snowmelt;
• The minimum distance from buildings is also determined - a distance of 5 meters is considered comfortable and safe;
• If the owners of the site use a water source located here, then the waste storage place should not be closer than 30 meters from the well or well;
• The presence of a cesspool implies the presence of a free entrance for a car that picks up accumulated waste;
• If the site is located on rough terrain, then the cesspool will be organized exclusively in the lowland.

The cesspool itself can be made of concrete rings or tires, lined with bricks or blocks, while the joints and bottom are waterproofed to prevent the penetration of contaminated water into the soil.

Sewerage is equipped ventilation riser, and the manhole covering the pit should be designed in such a way that pumping out waste is not a problem. Sewerage for giving short-term residence can do without a stationary pit for drains. If the site is intended for infrequent visits, then it is enough to place an airtight container up to 2 cubic meters in the pit and bring it to sewer pipe from home.

With the cheapness and simplicity of organizing such a country sewage system, in addition to the unpleasant odor hovering over the place of storage of wastewater, there is another significant drawback. This is the need to regularly call special services involved in cleaning cesspools. Which is not always possible in remote areas or results in a large amount.

Septic tank - modern sewerage for summer cottages

The use of a septic tank, a more modern, and most importantly, effective device, makes it possible to create sewage in the country without pumping. water is purified and discharged directly into the ground. Of course, a vacuum truck may be required to flush the tank, but this service will be needed only in exceptional cases. Sewerage of this type consists of a septic tank, where drains are settled and cleaned, and a drainage system.

A septic tank is a multi-chamber tank, flowing through which the effluents are gradually divided into liquid and solid fractions and thus cleaned. Microbiological decomposition of waste can also take place here.

The easiest way for sewerage in the country is to purchase a branded septic tank and install the structure, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. However, everything can be done with your own hands. In the pit, several sealed chambers are equipped, connected by pipes for overflowing wastewater.

The waste entering the septic tank is cleaned by 50 - 70%, and then they go into the filter well or are brought to the filtration field.

The design of the filter well is similar to the cesspool, except for the bottom. Instead, under construction voluminous pillow from sand and gravel, allowing for additional filtration of water when it enters the fertile soil.

In practice, filtration fields represent a platform with perforated pipes laid in the soil, through which the purified moisture seeps into the soil in small portions.

Treatment stations allow to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment to almost 99%. Today, this solution allows you to use wastewater even for irrigation and create the most high-quality and efficient sewerage in the country. The final cleaning is due to the work of microorganisms that do not allow the waste to rot, which means that there is no unpleasant odor.

Treatment stations are sewage in a country house without pumping out sewage, the water coming out of it is devoid of a repulsive odor and is completely harmless to humans and environment, it can be used both for irrigation and for filling the reservoir on the site.

The only drawback of the design is its considerable price, which more than pays off with comfortable use, the absence of problems with cleaning storage containers and smell.

Video: about sewerage

In order for the dacha to be in no way inferior to a city apartment in terms of comfort level, it should be laid on the site minimum set engineering communications one of which is the sewer system. The latter can be equipped with your own hands.

An individual sewerage system can be equipped only if there is a central water supply. In the absence of such, it is better to dig a cesspool and put a country toilet.

If the site is connected to the water supply, then the house can be equipped with all the amenities - a sink, shower and toilet. Waste water from these devices must be removed outside the house. For this purpose, you can put a drive that will be periodically cleaned by a sewage machine, or a special cleaning device that provides reuse drains. Moreover, a storm sewer can be connected to the main sewer, which will accumulate and remove precipitation and water from melting snow outside the boundaries of the site.

It turns out that in the country with their own hands should include:

• plumbing equipment;
• internal sewerage, which combines drains from all appliances;
• external sewerage for drainage;
• cleaning device.

Stage 1. Project

First, a project is drawn up. The drawing can be made on plain graph paper, but it is better to use a special utility - it's faster and more convenient. The project indicates the location of plumbing equipment, pipelines and treatment facilities.

Note! Often, for a country sewer, one treatment device and one outlet pipe are quite enough.

The possibility of connecting other buildings on the site to the system, for example, baths, is provided in advance. When calculating the size of the sewer network, first of all, the number of residents is taken into account. It is generally accepted that the average person generates approximately 200 liters of wastewater per day.

In addition, it takes into account climatic features. If it's about northern regions country, then the outlet pipe is laid below the soil freezing line or insulated. Otherwise, there is a risk of the system freezing in winter.

Stage 2. Location of sewerage elements

The location of network elements, in particular those located on the street, should be taken with all responsibility.

First of all, the terrain is taken into account. Usually on suburban areas non-pressure is being equipped, in which wastewater flows to the place of disposal in a natural way. In such cases, pipes are laid at a certain slope (about 5 cm per running meter) to avoid stagnant drains.

Not less than important point are sanitary norms. According to them, the installation of treatment facilities near wells, wells and other sources of water is unacceptable.

Also, when choosing a place for installation of structures, the possibility of unhindered access of a sewage truck is checked.

Stage 3. Cleaning device

The ideal option for a suburban area is a septic tank - an improved analogue of a cesspool that requires minimum expenses and effort during operation. Moreover, if you equip a multi-chamber septic tank, then the treated drains can be reused, say, for watering a garden or vegetable garden.

There is a large number of models of septic tanks produced by both domestic and foreign companies. Each has its own strengths and weak sides. The most suitable septic tanks for summer cottages are Rostok Dachny (cost - about 29 thousand rubles) or Microbe-600 (designed for three to four people, cost - 15 thousand). But with a small volume of the system, it is more advisable to build a septic tank yourself.

Note! Despite the fact homemade septic tank or factory general rules settings are unchanged.

How is a septic tank

You can build both from finished parts and from scratch, but in any case, competent installation provides for at least minimal knowledge on the principle of operation of the device.

A septic tank is two (rarely three) containers connected by bypass necks. The volume of the first container is larger when compared with the rest. Drains removed from the internal network get there. It is characteristic that the liquid is in each of the containers for a certain time, during which it is gradually cleared.

During filtration, the gases dissolved in the liquid rise and are discharged to the outside, while particulate matter settle to the bottom and form the so-called activated sludge. Anaerobic organisms live in this silt, which break down organic matter into separate chemical elements and do not require oxygen.

A pipe is installed in the upper part of the first tank, through which the treated effluents are poured into the second.

The cleaning procedure is repeated two or three times, then the liquid enters the last tank, where a sand-stone filtration “cushion” is installed. Through this "cushion" the liquid enters the soil.

Note! A special drainage system can also be used to bring filtered effluents into the ground.

Construction of a septic tank

If you plan to independently manufacture a septic tank, then we advise you to make a choice in favor of capital concrete structure. Below is the sequence of actions.

Step 1. First, the required storage capacity of the device is determined. Ideally, it should be equal to the 3-day volume of wastewater of all residents of the house. Thus, if three people live in the house, then the storage capacity should be 1.8 cubic meters.

Note! The septic tank is installed no closer than fifteen meters from residential buildings.

Step 3. The bottom is covered with a 20 cm sand "cushion".

Step 4 Formwork is being formed. Boards or chipboard sheets are securely strengthened, since the weight of the structure will be impressive. A bypass hole is made in the formwork, for which a small tube of metal or plastic is inserted between the walls.

Step 5 A reinforcing frame is formed from the iron reinforcement. Crossing rods are tied with steel wire. It is important that not a single element of the reinforcement goes beyond the boundaries of the future structure.

Step 6. Formwork is poured concrete mortar, and this must be done in one go. During the pouring process, the solution is processed with a vibrodrill - this is necessary in order to fill the entire volume, which is limited by the formwork, and remove air bubbles.

Step 7. The overlap is formed from boards and metal corners laid in parallel. A polyethylene film is laid over the laid elements. Next is the reinforcement with a metal mesh. When the base is prepared, a layer of concrete is poured. Also, the ceiling can be formed from ready-made reinforced concrete slabs laid on the walls of the septic tank with a gap of up to 2 cm.

Step 8. The pit is covered with sand and soil in layers. Only remain on the surface ventilation pipes(height above the ground up to 1.2 cm) and covers protecting the necks of the septic tank chambers.

A plastic cover must be put on the finished concrete neck

Note! For a similar design, you can also use ready-made. They are installed directly into the pit.

Video - Septic tank from reinforced concrete rings

Stage 4. Laying sewer pipes

As noted earlier, in most cases, pipes in suburban areas are laid for the gravity flow of wastewater. Therefore, the installation is carried out with a slight slope in the direction of the treatment plant.

Ideally, the piping should be straight and free from kinks. If this is not possible, inspection wells are installed at the corners, through which possible malfunctions will be eliminated.

Note! When arranging an external sewage system, both plastic and cast-iron pipes can be used. The main thing is that they are tightly interconnected.

Pipes must run below the freezing line of the soil. But if a constant slope is provided, then such a deepening may not be required. Everything is explained quite simply: wastewater has a positive temperature and does not stagnate, therefore, does not freeze in winter. However, for shallow laying, the pipeline needs to be thermally insulated.

Also, the pipes are protected from possible soil displacements - they are surrounded in a trench by a 15-cm sand "cushion".

Stage 5. Internal sewerage

When arranging the internal sewage system, a non-pressure principle must be used. Each plumbing fixture is connected to a pipe of a specific diameter - a section of 50 mm is required for a sink, and 100 mm for a toilet bowl and an outlet pipe. A siphon is connected to the bathtub and washbasin, which will prevent the sewer odor from entering the room.

Alternative. Dry closets

In the absence of a central water supply in the country, you can put (preferably peat). Such devices are compact and consist of two containers:

• the upper one, intended for storing dry peat, also has a seat installed on it;
• the lower one, where excrement is composted.

It needs regular cleaning, but the peat waste extracted from the lower tank can be used as fertilizer in the future.

Note! In addition to the peat mixture, special bioactivators are added to the structure to speed up the composting process. A 30 g activator package costs about 350 rubles.

Despite the plastic case, the dry closet is strong enough and able to withstand weight up to 250 kg. It is worth noting that there are electrical models such toilets - they are no less effective than peat ones, but they also cost accordingly. In addition, they need to be connected to an uninterruptible power supply.

Video - Dry closet for a summer residence

Arrangement suburban area and country house first of all, it begins with the creation of a sewerage system, which should provide comfort, make it possible to work and relax calmly, without being distracted by such a domestic problem as wastewater disposal. It can be said with great confidence that, resting in the country from the hustle and bustle of the city, its owner seeks to provide himself with no less comfort than in a city apartment and there are plenty of opportunities for this today.

Features of the country sewer system

It is safe to say that the modern country sewage system is not much different from the same system for a well-maintained private house, adjusted for the choice of equipment and technologies used, which may be required due to the intermittent nature of residence at this facility and interruptions in the power supply or its complete lack, which are still found in some areas allocated for summer cottage construction.

Otherwise, no less high requirements are imposed on the sewer system of a country house in terms of productivity and quality of wastewater treatment. It should ensure the normal use of the necessary plumbing fixtures, among which, in without fail, there is not only one or more toilets, washbasins, but there is also a shower cabin, and often a full bath.

In addition, the system should occupy a small area, especially if the size of the suburban area is limited, should not produce unpleasant odors, and should not pollute the area, which can be used for growing organic fruits and vegetables.

All this imposes certain requirements on the quality of sewerage arrangement for a summer residence, which should be taken into account if you want to provide yourself with decent conditions for working and relaxing in the fresh air away from city noise.

To ensure that the choice of such a complex engineering system and its construction meet the requirements and provide comfort long time with minimal cost, to equip such a system, it is better to contact a company that provides services for their installation, maintenance and will be able to correctly select and install high-quality best option sewers in your suburban area.

What sewer systems are used in suburban areas

Thinking about creating such a comfort system as a country sewage system, it is worth at least superficially familiarizing yourself with all possible solutions, which are widely used today in summer cottage construction.

Among the arrangement options local sewerage today you can choose among several solutions, and some of them have both industrial design and can be equipped from conventional building materials.

The country sewerage system can be made in the form of the following solutions:

• A classic cesspool, which can be equipped both in the form of a pit lined with bricks, a well made of concrete rings, and in the form of a finished plastic container required size. The latter option seems to be the most preferable both in terms of durability, and in terms of maintenance and periodic repairs. Self-made cesspools are not leakproof, therefore, when using them, it is not possible to avoid contamination of the site and the formation of an unpleasant odor. The finished container does not have these disadvantages and is quickly installed. However, in both the first and second cases, such sewerage must be regularly pumped out using an sludge pump. This solution is suitable for small country houses, where there are occasionally 1-2 people and a minimum of plumbing fixtures is used.
• Flow septic tanks based on homemade wells. This solution has a number of advantages compared to a cesspool. As a rule, at least three settling wells are used to equip such a septic tank, after which the partially purified water enters the aeration field for further purification with soil. Wells are usually built on the basis of concrete rings, less often they are lined with bricks. The arrangement of such a system requires a large volume earthworks, and the septic tank itself does not have sufficient reliability in terms of maintaining tightness and periodically requires laborious repairs.
• Flow septic tanks based on multi-chamber ready-made tanks and sprinklers are used more and more often in recent years. Their main advantage over home-made flow-through septic tanks is a smaller amount of excavation work, a smaller footprint and a fairly high quality of cleaning. The reliability of such septic tanks is many times higher, they are easier to maintain, and wide selection models allows you to choose treatment plant optimal cost and required performance.
• Recently, more and more summer residents prefer a sewer system based on an autonomous station, which has unique performance characteristics. A small system that takes a little more than 1 square meter area, is capable of cleaning wastewater from 98% of pollution, which allows them to be discharged without the risk of pollution of the territory directly into the gutter or drainage well. It is also possible the use of purified water for irrigation of the site, which can be extremely important for giving. Such stations are unpretentious in maintenance, they allow processing significant volumes of wastewater, and the only limitation that can stand in the way of their installation and use is energy dependence. For normal operation of such systems, a constant supply of electricity is required. Only some models of such stations can withstand shutdowns for several hours without loss of performance, so if such interruptions are frequent, it is better to opt for the non-volatile sewer system options mentioned above.

The main condition for a successful arrangement autonomous sewerage in the country, you can call the validity and optimality of the choice, so no matter how well you understand the principles of their work, it is better to entrust the choice of a sewer system and its installation to experienced specialists from a company that installs such systems and assists in their maintenance.

Only extensive experience in arranging such engineering systems allows you to take into account all the nuances and create a truly effective system, inexpensive in terms of installation and operation costs.

What determines the price for the installation of autonomous sewerage in the company "MosKomplekt"

The specialists of our company are always ready to help you if you need to create a high-quality sewer system for your country house. You can expect that based on experience and knowledge of the features modern systems we will select the optimal wastewater treatment in terms of cost, fixed costs and level created comfort, local sewerage system.

The calculation and selection of the parameters of such a system is carried out individually, therefore, all the features of the object and the nature of living in the country are taken into account. The total cost of sewer system equipment depends on:

• The type of treatment facility chosen;
• The number of people and the frequency of their stay in the country;
• Features of the landscape and soil of the site;
• The required stock of volley discharge;
• Individual wishes of the owner of the site to the parameters of the system.

For each task, a project is developed that takes into account the peculiarities of solving the problem and an estimate optimized in terms of cost and key performance characteristics.

So that you can estimate the approximate amount of costs, check out the average prices for the installation of a turnkey Tver septic tank, designed for a different average load.

The cost of installing an autonomous turnkey country sewerage system

When you need a modern reliable sewerage for your country house, contact MosKomplekt. Our experts will select the equipment, mount it and provide a guarantee for the sewerage system. You can also order scheduled maintenance of such modern sewer systems from us.