Biological treatment station without burying. What is the difference between a septic tank and a biological treatment plant? Advantages of biological treatment plants and their installation
Alexei 10.10.2014 Septic tanks
What should be the sewer system so that regular pumping of wastewater from storage tanks is not required? Cesspool - needs to be cleaned at least once a year.
The septic tank is also not ideal and will require periodic pumping of solid sediments for its operation. Is it really impossible to create an autonomous treatment system that does not require calling a specialized machine?
It turns out you can. This task can be easily handled by equipment that uses a biological decomposition method in its work. Of course, it is expensive, but in the end it will save you a lot of trouble.
For those who haven't decided yet better septic tank or SBO and this article is intended. In it, we will analyze the main differences between these devices and decide which of them is more profitable to install on your site.
How important is sewage treatment in the house
Disposal of domestic wastewater is the number one task for the private sector. And the fact that one cannot do without special equipment is clear to everyone. After all, today in the process of washing, cleaning, washing dishes, various chemicals. Getting them into groundwater or soil is detrimental to the environment.
Therefore, in the area where there is no central sewerage, it is necessary to deal with the arrangement autonomous systems. Otherwise comfortable conditions existence in a private house is impossible to achieve.
Septic tanks - features of functioning
The modern market offers various equipment for creating autonomous sewerage. It is represented by a variety of models of septic tanks and treatment plants. Which one to choose? The answer to this question depends on many reasons.
Let's say you decide to stay on a septic tank. First you need to clearly understand for yourself that it is most often a plastic container, divided into several sectors, each of which has its own purpose. So, the first one is used to collect and settle wastewater. In this case, the harder components settle to the bottom, and the liquid flows into the further cleaning chamber.
Here, further decomposition of wastewater occurs and again the more liquid part flows into the third compartment, and large fractions settle to the bottom. In the last tank, water is cleaned and discharged to the filtration fields. This is the principle of operation of the simplest septic tank.
types of septic tanks
There are many various kinds such structures. They are divided according to the following criteria:
- Material (plastic, fiberglass, metal, concrete)
- Installation method (recessed, surface)
- Processing method (with biological post-treatment or mechanical)
As you can see, the choice is wide enough, which makes it possible for everyone to choose a sample in accordance with certain requirements. But for all types of septic tanks, even deep biological treatment there is one drawback. No matter how modern they are, you still have to pump out the solid mass of them. Albeit not as often as cesspool, but necessary.
SBO - what is such equipment
Device and circuit
The main difference between a septic tank and a SBO is the fact that the first one is able to clean the drains by only 60%. At the same time, it uses the method of natural gravity (when solid fractions accumulate in a sump). This leads to the need for periodic pumping of wastewater using special machines, and, therefore, to additional costs.
In addition, water after a septic tank cannot be used even for technical purposes; they must be sent to filtration fields or to a special well. The station operates on the principles biological method decomposition of impurities. Moreover, both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria are involved in the process.
The degree of purification with this approach reaches 98%. And besides, the sludge accumulated after cleaning is an excellent organic fertilizer. If, during the operation of the station, additional disinfection of wastewater with ultraviolet light is used, then they can even pour out into open water bodies.
As for pumping sludge, a machine is not needed for this. Enough ordinary drainage pump. Another advantage of the biological treatment plant is the impossibility of its floating up during the spring flood, as the station is constantly filled with water. Not to mention the complete absence of unpleasant odors.
From the bad: high cost. But the lack of costs for arranging filtration fields and calling a sewage truck practically equalizes the prices for a septic tank and a station.
Cost - is it profitable to purchase such equipment
Prices for biological treatment plants depend primarily on permissible load. For a model recommended for installation in a house where 6 people live, it is about 1700 euros and is the minimum. The maximum cost of such equipment, designed for a large number of a person can reach 24 thousand euros.
Therefore, a septic tank with biological treatment should be chosen taking into account the expected load. If in your cottage settlement it was decided to install one cleaning station for all, then perhaps this will be a cheaper option. However, you need to decide on your own, taking into account your own criteria and capabilities.
Features of choosing SBO
The biological treatment plant must meet certain requirements. First of all, pay attention to the size of the installation. Its volume must be greater than the level of those arriving for a period of at least three days. With smaller plant sizes, its operation becomes inefficient.
In addition, the equipment must be durable, so most models are made of fiberglass. But not only specifications are important when choosing, no less attention should be paid to the installation price and the cost of installation work.
Watch the video, selection criteria:
If the station is purchased for country house, which assumes residence only in the summer, it is better to choose a hybrid model. With regular flow of effluents, it works as usual, but with a decrease in volume, it switches to septic tank mode.
What to install and how to choose
Having understood the differences between these two devices, it is easier to choose one of them. Since the difference between them is significant, and especially in cost, for small country houses the acquisition of such equipment is inappropriate. For the summer period, the simplest septic tank is enough.
But in private country cottage where a large number of people live, it is better to use biological treatment plants. Of course, they have a higher cost, but they are efficient and reliable in operation. The service life of such equipment is at least 50 years, so all costs will pay off.
When operating the SBO, the services of a sewage machine are not needed, and you can pump out the sludge yourself. Such a system works in all weather conditions and is able to disinfect wastewater of various composition. Its installation is admissible both on sand, and on clay because the design is absolutely tight.
Upon completion of technological and production tasks related to arrangement sewer system in apartment building, production building, as well as in private households, it is required to test the system involved using the forced spill method. This task was applied to identify possible defects or improper installation of the entire sewer part involved and the act of testing the systems internal sewerage and drains will be material evidence of work on the acceptance of the facility.
Visual inspection should be accompanied by inclusion in the act of testing internal sewerage systems and drains according to SNIP, which is currently submitted current regulations applications of the "D" series, which corresponds to SP 73.13330.2012 "Internal sanitary systems of the building", a new updated working version of SNiP 3.05.01-85 has recently been applied.
High quality and reliable drainage system Galeco, made of laminated steel, is the key to the success and prosperity of the building, which involves the operation of a drainage system. According to general design, the Galeko drain has one characteristic. A feature is the presence of gutters, the edges of which are optimally concave inward, thus during the passage of heavy rainfall, water will not splash and overflow over the edges. The modern Galeco gutter is innovative development, which is able to withstand any mechanical damage and resists the negative effects of ultraviolet rays.
Roof snow retainers are durable multifunction devices, holding accumulated masses of snow to improve the thermal insulation of the roof and prevent sudden, unsafe snow from sloping roofs. Everyone knows the destructive power of mountain avalanches. Depending on the weather conditions, there is a constant change physical properties snow masses. Almost weightless snow that has fallen and accumulated on the roof, in the process of cyclic temperature changes, forms a layer of complex structure and impressive mass, reminiscent of a miniature ready to break mountain peaks avalanche. Underestimation of the potential danger threatens with material costs, as well as a threat to the health and life of people in the danger zone.
Borge snow guards are high-tech products of the world famous Swedish company, whose production is deployed in Russia. Being important element safety systems for pitched roofs (SBK), BORGE snow guards make it possible to:
ensure the safety of people and the safety of house property and parked equipment;
increase service life roofing, skylights and fixed on the roof elements of television, drainage, ventilation and electrical systems, as well as other communication equipment;
guarantee a reduction in the total load on the walls and floor elements by periodically and dosed removal of snow from the roof under the action of its own weight;
minimize the cost of public services and building repairs.
A prudent owner who decides to do everything in a civilized way has two options - VOC and a septic tank. Each of them attracts with its characteristics and has significant differences. First you need to decide, “what is better than a septic tank or VOC?” as a treatment plant for suburban housing construction.
Characteristics of the septic tank
The design of the septic tank is quite simple. It may consist of one or more containers connected to each other by means of branch pipes. They are designed for the gradual cleaning of sewer waste. The more containers in the septic tank, the better the process. In a three-tank design, the first one performs the primary cleaning. Thanks to natural processes there is a separation of heavy and light fractions. In the second tank they decompose chemical compounds and organic matter. The third tank provides clarification of drains. As a result, sediment in the form of sludge remains at the bottom of the tanks. It is removed during the cleaning process of the septic tank. The clarified liquid with undissolved substances is discharged to drainage fields. There is another variant of such a system - a bioseptic. It is characterized by more high level wastewater treatment and less sludge generated. All this is due to bacterial preparations, they are periodically added to the treatment tanks. Thus, the biological treatment of effluents entering the tanks is carried out. To remove undissolved sediment, sewage equipment is used. The regularity of cleaning the septic tank from silt depends on the frequency of its use and the number of people living in the house. .
Advantages:
- the septic tank is not afraid of overflows;
- the design can be used even after a long period of inactivity;
- the septic tank does not need power supply, so it will work even in its absence;
- relatively low construction cost.
Disadvantages:
- for the arrangement of a septic tank and a drainage system, a relatively large area is required;
- installation of a treatment structure is laborious and expensive;
- for maintenance of a septic tank, it is necessary to provide an entrance for equipment;
- regular cleaning of the structure tanks and drainage system is required.
VOC characteristics
The biological treatment plant is an automated system that provides aerobic wastewater treatment. A special compressor is built into its design. Its task is to pump air into the tank. This ensures the pumping of wastewater between the tanks of the structure. Regular air circulation is necessary for the life of anaerobic organisms. They speed up the process of wastewater treatment.
The dimensions of the treatment plants, designed for the use of no more than 15 people, are rather small. They are similar in size to three-chamber refrigerators. As for the consumed electricity, it is comparable to the energy consumed by a conventional chandelier. Since the compressor works as needed, no special waste for the consumed energy is expected.
After cleaning Wastewater with help biological station, the output is 2 useful product. The first is an odorless precipitate that can be used as organic fertilizer. The second is technical water for watering plants. This ensures the smooth operation of the system.
Advantages:
- the use of biological preparations for cleaning is not required;
- occupies a small area;
- does not need cleaning with the help of sewage equipment;
- the biological treatment plant does not spread unpleasant odors;
- the system does not pollute the environment;
- the degree of sewage treatment is quite high.
Disadvantages:
- uninterrupted power supply to the system is required;
- in case of occasional use, it needs conservation;
- arranging VOCs is more expensive than installing a septic tank.
If we compare “what is better than a septic tank or VOC?”, Focusing on the quality of the liquid obtained after cleaning, then at the exit from the VOC we get water that can be used for technical needs. It's good for watering. horticultural crops and garden plants. After cleaning at the station, the liquid can be dumped into the ground. What not to do after a septic tank. The clarified water coming out of its tanks needs additional treatment.
Summarize
Having studied the characteristics of these cleaning options, you can answer the question "what is better than a septic tank or los?". However, the answer will not be clear. It all depends on how the wastewater treatment plant is used.
1. If suburban housing construction is visited irregularly and it is located near the city, it is preferable to use a septic tank. The near location of the cottage relative to the city allows you to use the services of sewers.
2. In places with irregular power supply, the use of VOCs is impractical. Therefore, preference is given to a septic tank.
3. If suburban housing construction is located on the territory of a nature protection zone, then a biological treatment plant is required. The use of a septic tank in this case is illegal.
4. The use of suburban housing construction as permanent place stay involves the arrangement of a biological treatment plant. Its high cost compared to a septic tank will pay off over time. Since VOCs do not need to be cleaned regularly and pay for the services of vacuum trucks.
So what is the decision “what is better than a septic tank or VOC?” necessary, focusing on the characteristics of the site. Be that as it may, any of these two devices is much more effective than the Birdhouse and dry closet.Choose the right one for you in all respects treatment plant will help.
Organization of sewerage in a private house - important question, which requires detailed study. In this article, we will describe and compare two types of sewerage for country house- septic tanks and biological treatment plants. We will tell you how they differ, talk about their pros and cons.
Biological treatment station for giving
Structurally, the biological treatment plant consists of four parts, passing from section to section, the water is purified using activated sludge and oxygen (water is purified by 98%). In the future, water can be used for irrigation or as technical water. The main advantages of SBO are:- compact size,
- ease of installation (the most important thing is to organize the correct water drainage).
Septic tank for home
By design, a septic tank is plastic container, usually consisting of three sections. It is important to understand that a septic tank is just a storage tank. It does not have the same water purification as in the SBO, water cannot be used as technical water for irrigating beds. There is also an unpleasant odor. About a year later (maybe earlier, depending on the intensity of use) after operation, it is necessary to clean the septic tank from sediment. Also, after filling the tank, it is necessary to pump out water using a sewage machine.What then are the main advantages of septic tanks?
- Energy independence, septic tanks are completely autonomous,
- Winterization is not required.
The Internet is replete with articles about the choice of septic tanks and deep biological treatment stations.
Everything is much simpler than it seems.
The volume, salvo discharge and consumption of septic tanks for the average consumer says little.
We will operate with people - the average calculated value.
1 person- this design parameter includes the use of the toilet, shower, sink in the kitchen - washing dishes and laundry.
Salvo drop- important when using a bath or jacuzzi - it must be at least 250 l for 1 bath.
How to independently decide on the choice of a septic tank. Let's be objective.
- First define the number of permanently living people(not 1-2 days, but at least 1 week).
- The presence of 1 bath will add power for 3-4 people (a salvo discharge of a septic tank should exceed 400 liters). Always proceed from the perspective and select a septic tank with a margin.
- Next, you need to decide whether to live year-round or seasonal. It is undesirable to install installations with forced ejection if you plan to live or come for a weekend in country house winter. It is required to constantly monitor the release, dig out the pipe and gutter and make sure it doesn't freeze. Remember - volatile installations with forced ejection cannot be used when the power is off. It is advisable to plan the installation of gravity-flowing versions of septic tanks and stations with drainage well- it's safe!
- A drainage well is more convenient and reliable in operation than closed ones. drainage systems and filtration fields, especially in the off-season when the level ground water rises.
- You need to know the level of groundwater on the site! If the site is in a lowland in a swampy area and the water is above 1 m from ground level, you will have to install stations with forced ejection of effluents on the ground or in the dome of the sprinkler. Also high groundwater level will weed out the entire class of stations with surge tanks TOPAS , ASTRA , EUROBION and UBAS over 2m high.Such installations have a high risk of "extrusion" during operation.
So you need to define parameters:
- The number of permanent residents.
- Volley drop (if a bath or jacuzzi is planned).
- Groundwater level (to select the type of station).
- Forced ejection or gravity flow.
- Type of drainage (drainage well, filtration fields or gabion).
Our recommendations for choosing a drainage well:we refused to install wells from reinforced concrete rings, because at a depth of 2 m, at the level of the bottom of the 3rd ring of the reinforced concrete well, very dense loam or clay is often found. Dense soil greatly complicates the absorption of wastewater through the bottom of the well, as a result of which there is an overflow and frequent complaints from consumers. When installing a reliable plastic drainage well, drains exit through the walls and bottom of the tank. Further, passing through the enlarged "lens" of crushed stone, they are evenly absorbed in the thickness of the soil.
The main questions that arise when choosing equipment:
How is a septic system installed?
Installation of small septic tanks is done manually, larger models are usually installed using a mini-excavator. After installing the septic tank in the pit, the container is filled with water in order to equalize the external and internal pressure when backfilling. Top part The filler caps should protrude at least 10-15 cm from the ground. Average installation time one day.
We have high groundwater, what can you advise?
If groundwater is higher than 1 m from ground level, we will offer to install septic tanks TVER, ERGOBOX or TERMITE. This equipment excellent performance in high groundwater. These septic tanks have a reliable reinforced body, they are filled with water during installation. During operation, the septic tanks are always full and have negative buoyancy!
Can I install a septic tank in winter?
Our company carries out installation work installation of septic tanks all year round. We also recommend installing septic tanks. in winter in areas with high groundwater levels, because the water is in a frozen state and the groundwater level is minimal.
Does the septic tank freeze in winter?
A septic tank is like a manure pit, in the process of decay and processing of wastewater, heat is generated. As a result, the septic tank does not freeze through and functions perfectly. For year-round operation, it is advisable to plan the installation of gravity systems with a drainage well. All septic tanks we install work efficiently all year round.