Ditch in the country house decoration. How to strengthen the ditch in the country - strengthening the walls of the ditch. Ditching: earthwork rules

It is quite easy to equip drainage around your site to remove excess moisture. It is important to choose the optimal format according to which the drainage ditch will be prepared along the fence, and to determine the required set of materials and tools.

Problems to be solved:

• In areas with heavy rainfall, soil erosion is a problem;
• At high pass ground water on the site the soil is waterlogged;
• With a natural slope of the site, all the water accumulates in the lower part and “pulls” the entire fertile soil layer with it;
• In hilly and mountainous areas, depending on the season, a huge amount of water falls on the site from the territory above the slope;
• Atmospheric precipitation from the road surface accumulates under the fence along the perimeter of the site and can wash away the base and supports of the fence.

In all of the above situations optimal solution– arrangement of drainage ditches or productive hidden drainage system along the perimeter of the site.

The main task of the drainage ditch is to collect surface precipitation and remove it from the site.

However, it is not used for transportation from excess water , it is rather a localized drainage field, where excess water accumulates and gradually soaks into the ground, without bringing negative consequences for buildings and the fertile soil layer of the site.

Kinds

There are three types of drainage:

• open;
• closed, laying of perforated pipes with backfill;
• backfill, the ditch is filled with coarse gravel and filter media for quick water drainage.

For arranging drainage under the fence around the site with outside the easiest way is to use open drainage ditches with reinforced slopes and a stable slope so that all excess water from the site and adjacent territories, including the road surface, quickly goes to the depth of groundwater or is transported to the drainage field, drainage well.

Of the main advantages:

• small volume of land works;
• minimum materials;
• an extensive selection of slope strengthening;
• an easy way to maintain, clean and prevent drainage.

Requirements. Distance from the fence

For any drainage systems focused on the improvement of a private area, SP 104-34-96 and SNiP 2.05.07-85 are standardized. Negotiated optimal slopes for organizing a drainage ditch, the distance to the fence and other structures, as well as options depending on the required bandwidth and the characteristics of the area being drained, such as general slope, soil type, and the like.

For flat area or with a slight slope of up to five degrees to the horizon, an additional slope along the bottom of the ditch should be 3-5 ‰ (ppm), which corresponds to a difference in height of 3-5 cm for every 10 m.

In fact, the quality of the slope and its uniformity are determined on site during the preparation of the trench. It is difficult to ensure the shape of the trench with high accuracy, so it will be necessary to correct its geometry during the operation of the drainage.

It is important that the drainage ditch is located at a distance from the fence posts and supporting structures so as not to blur their base. It is enough to move the upper boundary from the plane of the fence by 30-50 cm, and when arranging the strengthening of the walls, compact the soil so that the water does not wash out under the fence.

Wall reinforcement methods

The drainage ditch only partly acts as a transport system, the water entering it must be effectively absorbed into the soil along the entire length along the bottom of the ditch. It is not advisable to use concrete sections or otherwise reinforce the bottom.

It is allowed to use a rigid waterproof base only if underground communications pass under it, which should be protected from the effects of precipitation and groundwater.

Effective ways to strengthen slopes:

During the earthworks and the preparation of the foundation of the ditch, an extended pit is dug out with a width of about twice as much as necessary. A pillow of coarse sand or gravel is poured along the bottom.

Slopes are compacted manually or mechanically, are covered with the material selected for reinforcement. Next, a layer of soil is poured in the same way with tamping and compaction, only of a lesser intensity.

Calculation

In order for the drainage ditch to cope with the task, several important rules must be followed:

• The depth of the ditch along its entire length must be greater than the depth of the foundation nearby buildings by 300-500 mm;
• The slope along the entire length, taking into account turns or detours along the perimeter of the site, is directed to one point or along the lower boundary of the site;
• The slope is determined by the composition of the soil and the design capacity and is in the range of 1 to 5 cm for every 10 meters of extension.

In the presence of drainage well, separated from the contour of the drainage ditch, you should take the extreme point of the drainage system that is separated from the well and calculate the depth, and then calculate the control points located along the route, which will be used to derive the correct geometry of the ditch.

DIY

Equipping a ditch is quite simple with your own hands, even if you do most of the land work by hand. However, the complexity will be caused by the presence of a large volume of selected soil along the length of the ditch.

It can be used to equip the front garden around the perimeter of the site so that it is raised above the general ground level.

The easiest way to use the option is to strengthen the slopes with biomats, geomats, mesh or geotextiles. In this case, there is no need to over-compact the soil under the base, you can limit yourself to a small amount of loose drainage, sand or gravel, which will significantly reduce the load on the performer.

Price

Qualitatively, quickly and aesthetically drainage ditch can be organized using heavy rafter equipment.

In the minimum volume, an excavator is required, which will dig the base for the ditch in a matter of hours and at the same time it is easier to adjust the shape and geometry of the slopes, the depth of the base.

The executing company will prepare a project of work and an estimate in advance, so as not to guess about the cost of work after the fact and count on a guaranteed result.

The main burden on the budget of this event may be the preparation of a drainage well, if necessary, the rest of the work is much cheaper.

A drainage ditch is one of the most reliable and proven methods of draining the soil. Refers to an open soil drainage system. Excess water is transported to special wells or natural reservoirs.

The drainage ditch is convenient for summer cottages, garden and garden plots of individual farms, when the owners do not see the need to lay closed pipe sewers and drains. Effectively reduces the level of groundwater in clayey and marshy soils. It is used in low-lying and flat areas, as well as on gentle slopes with an inclination angle of not more than 7%.

When deciding how to make a drainage ditch, it should be taken into account that this is the easiest affordable option water control structure. It is easily equipped with your own hands, does not require high qualifications, expensive materials, attraction special equipment and equipment

Drainage ditches have disadvantages. These include: a short service life, the need for regular repairs due to erosion of the side slopes and clogging of the trench. There are difficulties with architectural and decorative design and the creation of an artistic landscape. In addition, an open water conduit has a lower efficiency compared to other drains.

Width and depth of drainage ditches are not regulated building codes and rules. When arranging a drainage structure with your own hands, its dimensions are determined empirically, based on the conditions of the watering of the site. The usual option is a depth of 60 to 80 cm, a width of about 50 - 70 cm. To minimize shedding of the walls of the trench, they are beveled at an angle of 25 - 30 0 C. The soil in the ditch is rammed, the bottom is covered with a 30 mm layer of sand, fine gravel or sawdust.

The number of drains at the facility depends on the degree of its flooding in rainy weather, when snow melts, the depth of soil water. If the soils are loamy, drainage trenches are laid throughout the site. In sloping terrain, they dig across the slope. Water flows through them to the side drains and from there to the water collector. For swampy areas, the greatest drainage effect is achieved if drainage ditches are made on both sides or around the entire perimeter of the site.

With an average level of water manifestation, ditches can be equipped on one side of the garden or vegetable garden.

Drainage ditch in flat areas should be built with a slope of 5%. Maximum dimensions the slope of drainage systems is not regulated by building codes. However, the Code of Practice (2012) for open ditches equipped with polymer trays allows a slope angle of up to 7 ppm. This rule is also applicable to drainage drains, equipped on roadside sites. Areas with a slope close to critical indicators may be provided if they are associated with the features of the terrain. Minimum dimensions slopes make up 2% for clay and 3% for sandy soils. However, they quickly become clogged, congestion is formed. The speed of the water flow is reduced to critical levels. Drainage efficiency becomes minimal.

Strengthening gutters

The choice of methods for strengthening the side walls and the bottom of the drainage ditches is made taking into account the results of engineering geology and soil studies.

The most common:

When strengthening the walls of the trench with your own hands, it is necessary to observe the condition of mandatory contact of water with the soil. It is partially absorbed into it. For this reason, it is not recommended to equip the bottom and walls with solid concrete products. Otherwise, the drain will quickly silt up. Cleaning - laborious process, since the length of the trenches is large.

Construction of drainage systems along roads and fences

Drainage of sites along the roads (ditch) is a mandatory element of pavement protection. The roadbed is not waterproof. The liquid gradually breaks down pavement. At sub-zero temperature ice in the pores breaks the asphalt.

Road drainage should be constructed with a slope of more than 0.02 (2 cm per 1 meter of length). In emergencies and only separate sections a slope of 3% is allowed. If the construction of a drainage structure with the required indicators is impossible for objective reasons, then conjugated hydraulic structures are provided: water wells (ledges), channels with a slope above the critical one (fast currents), drops (steps before falling water). A slope above 7 ppm applies here. Minimum speed water flow should not be less than 0.25 meters per second. On marshy and clayey areas ditches equip on both sides of the road.

It should be remembered that for roads along an embankment without fences, the drainage flow should not have rectangular shape and a depth of more than 12 cm. Otherwise, the Instructions “On Ensuring Traffic Safety on highways". In case of an emergency exit from the road, the risk of the vehicle tipping over will increase.

The drainage ditch along the fence has its own characteristics. When arranging it with your own hands, protection of the support of the fence from washing away is provided.

A drainage ditch along the fence is constructed with a depth of 20-30 cm. For bulk soil, this figure exceeds 50 cm. Some difficulties arise when the trench is turned at a right angle. In this case, one of them should extend a few centimeters beyond the junction.

The distance from the base of the fence to the upper edge of the drain should be from 50 - 60 cm. Ditches are often equipped drainage pipes or trays. Are used reinforced concrete products with large holes. Continuous concreting is used only in short sections. Usually this is the passage under the drainage of communications, underground structures. Otherwise, the arrangement of ditches does not differ from similar systems in gardens and orchards. The walls are reinforced with nets and wild plants. The bottom part is covered with pebbles, sawdust, sand screenings. The slope of the drainage systems at the fences is 5%. It is allowed to build drops and fast currents with an inclination angle of 7% or more.

Decoration of drainage systems

Open drainage structures are unattractive in terms of design. They do not fit well into the surrounding landscape. It is difficult to do without artificial decoration. The easiest way is to beautifully cover the bottom of the ditch with stones. They can be given different color scheme. Marble chips or special decorative gravel look spectacular.

It is possible to improve the trench perennials, including flowers. Often, drains around the perimeter are equipped decorative grilles with climbing herbs. They will not only cover the ditch, but also strengthen it. side walls. Since the drainage system is designed to drain "clean" and not Wastewater, then it is sometimes arranged in the form of an artificial river (ditch system). Drops, small dams with mini waterfalls or pools are applicable here. They can become important elements decorative design landscape. Near them, small architecture looks elegant, especially sculptural figures of people and animals.

Almost every personal or suburban area with high level groundwater is equipped with a drainage system. Such additional communications are necessary to remove excess water from the territory. Thus, they protect the site from flooding, and the buildings on it from destruction. Many drainage systems are made open way. A network of trenches is laid throughout the site, with the help of which water is drained. But in this case, a difficulty arises, because you need to know how to strengthen the drainage ditch. What methods exist? This is exactly what will be discussed in the article.

Strengthening the walls of drainage ditches can be done using various special products produced by manufacturers. For these works, the following devices are used:

• biomats or geomats;
• geogrids;
• geogrids;
• gabions.

The first three options are used with a slope of 8 to 15 °. If the walls of the ditch are steeper, then geogrids or gabions are used.

Geomats or biomats are a kind of sponge made of several layers of polymer lattices. Through this roll material Vegetation sprouts freely, thereby strengthening the walls of the drainage ditch even more reliably.

Installation of geomats is quite simple. First, the slope is cleared of debris and big plants(shrubs and tall grass). Then the surface must be leveled with a rake. After that, the edge of the geomat is fixed in the upper part of the slope with the help of anchors. Then the roll is rolled to the base of the slope and an extra piece is cut off. The lower edge of the geomat is also fastened with anchors. After that, by analogy, the next strip of material is laid. In this case, you need to make an overlap of 15 cm.

After the entire slope is covered with a geomat, it is covered with soil (3-4 cm is enough). Then it is desirable to sow the surface with seeds of herbal plants. So, you will improve the appearance and secure the material more securely.

The geogrid is made in the form of a polymer grid with square cells. This material, like the previous one, is produced in rolls. Its laying is similar to strengthening the walls of ditches with a geomat. First, the slope is cleared and leveled. After that, the surface must be compacted with manual roller. Then the mesh is unfolded and fastened, using anchor rods or metal staples (at least 15–20 cm long).

The geogrid can be covered with soil (in this case, it is sown with seeds of herbal plants) or covered with small stones or gravel.

A more durable and reliable material for strengthening the walls of a drainage ditch is a geogrid. Such products are made of durable polyethylene or polypropylene. The geogrid is attached to the slopes using anchor fasteners (an L-shaped product, 50–80 cm long).

Before starting work, it is necessary to drain the ditch. Then the slopes and the bottom are cleared of debris and leveled. After that, the geogrid is laid out. Fastening is done in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other. After that, all cells are covered with sand or gravel.

The gabion is considered the most expensive, but also the most reliable strengthening of the slopes of drainage ditches. Such products are made in the form of a parallelepiped from a grid. It uses metal wire double weave.

To protect against corrosion, the grid is covered with a layer of plastic. Large stones or crushed stone are placed inside the gabion. Such protection can last more than 50 years. At the same time, the appearance of the gabion is very attractive.

We use improvised materials

All of the above methods require quite decent financial investments from the owner of the site. But it is possible to strengthen the walls of the drainage ditch in a cheaper way. The most common option is to use slate.

To work, you need to prepare some tools and materials. You will need:

• Slate (you can use any, even used ones, the main thing is that there are no large holes in it).
• Metal pins or pipes 1 m long.
• Bulgarian.
• Shovel.

First of all, sheets of slate are cut into identical pieces. right size. Then, using a shovel, we install them into the ground along the cleavage of the ditch, to a depth of 20–30 cm. Next, we drive in rods or pipes on both sides of the slate. Such strengthening of the slope does not look very attractive, and its service life is not long. But it might work as a temporary solution.

In addition to slate, you can use old car tires. But this option is acceptable if there is enough space on the site. In this case, the tires are stacked on top of each other along the walls of the ditch. You can put each circle with an offset, in this case the slope will turn out to be more gentle. Then soil is poured inside the tires, and grass is sown on top or small shrubs are planted.

After the germination of vegetation, the appearance of the slope will be close to the natural landscape. Car tires do not decompose, which means that such strengthening of the slopes will serve for a very long time.

Whichever option you choose to strengthen the drainage system, it is important to do all the work efficiently. In this case, the arrangement of the ditch will not have to be dealt with again. If you have any questions about this topic, then write them in the comments to the article. Maybe you have alternative ideas for strengthening the drainage of the ditch? Then share them with us by writing your opinion. Your experience will be very helpful!

Video

If you do not have enough funds for the arrangement of the drainage system, then do not despair! The video material suggests a method for laying drainage from old tires, which you can repeat with your own hands without involving a specialist:

The problem of how to reinforce the ditch on suburban area, often occurs when creating a drainage system that allows you to properly drain excess moisture from the soil. To resolve this issue, both improvised means and specialized materials . Knowing the rules and the sequence of their application, you will ensure the normal functioning of this required element water system.

Gabion structures have high strength and reliability.

Arranging drainage is quite simple. The main difficulties begin with its long-term operation: the ditch requires constant cleaning, otherwise the water will long time stagnate. The strengthening of the walls also becomes very important, since if you ignore their care, the ditch is very quickly washed out, capturing the adjacent summer cottages fertile land.

Gabions. This engineering structure is used in particularly difficult cases when high speed water flow in a ditch or at a large, up to vertical, angle of inclination of the drainage walls. Gabions can often be seen on the banks of mountain rivers, where they protect the banks from erosion. Gabions look like a cell made of cellular wire mesh filled with large stones: river pebbles, rubble, etc.

Purpose of drainage ditches

Slate can serve as improvised material for strengthening the ditch.

The system of drainage ditches in the summer cottage performs a very important function - the removal of excess groundwater and lowering their level. This reduces the waterlogging of the soil and avoid flooding, especially in low areas of the territory.

The ditches can be different shapes, differ in the width and angle of the walls. If the drainage runs along the neutral territory along your fence, then it is especially important to strengthen its walls, because the soil weakened by water can begin to collapse, expanding the drainage, which will undermine the foundation of the fence.

Drainage ditches are used not only to lower the water level in the soil, but also to remove moisture from areas surrounding the foundation of the house. Thanks to this solution, the basement will not be flooded with water.

Geomats and geogrids are designed to strengthen the slope by creating and holding a plant layer on its surface. These materials have a porous structure that allows plants to develop freely. Unlike open soil porous protective materials create an inseparable layer with plants that is not washed away by water.

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Ways to strengthen ditches

There are many ways to strengthen the walls of the drainage ditch, but they are all used with one common goal - to prevent further increase in the width of the sides and siltation of the bottom. Let's take a closer look at the most popular methods to achieve this goal:

1. Use of a geogrid. It is a flexible cellular structure made of polymer material. Cell walls are perforated to allow free flow of water. The geogrid is the most technologically advanced and correct method strengthening ditches, as it has high reliability and complete environmental safety.
2. The main purpose of the geogrid is to create a layer along which groundwater will move freely from the source of their accumulation (in this case, soil) to the place of discharge - a reservoir, drainage well or other ditch.
3. Installation of concrete gutters. An effective, but rather expensive method, especially if the length of the ditch is significant. Concrete trays make it easy to clean the drain. Such a drain can be made quite narrow and deep, thereby preserving the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site. Concrete trays can be purchased ready-made or made from your own using formwork. The latter method is even preferable, as it will make it possible to make a solid tray, without seams and joints into which water can enter.
4. Planting plants. This method does not always help, only on condition that the slope of the ditch walls is no more than 8-10 °.
5. The use of improvised means: old slate, car tires or other materials. Due to the fact that the main purpose of these materials is by no means to protect the slopes of the ditch, one cannot count on their long service life. They can only be considered as a temporary solution.
6. A small and shallow drainage ditch can be laid out with flat river pebbles, fastening it cement mortar, but this method is only suitable for drainage with a small amount of water.

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How is ditch protection installed?

The period of their operation, stability and reliability depend on the correct sequence of actions during the strengthening of the walls of the drainage. First of all, you should choose a way to strengthen the walls of the drainage. It is recommended to use professional modern facilities: geogrid, geomats and geogrids, especially difficult conditions- gabions.

Regardless of the method chosen, work should only be started with a dry ditch, so work is carried out during the minimum groundwater level. Let us consider in detail the installation sequence of some of the materials listed above.

The installation of the geogrid is carried out on a garbage-free, large stones and branches surface. Perfect option- a flat slope, which may be slightly overgrown with grass. Along the upper edge of the drainage, pieces of reinforcement 50-60 cm long are hammered into the ground, and the distance between them should correspond to the size of the grid cells. The upper end of the reinforcement is bent at an angle of 90 °, thus creating an L-shaped fastener.

The mesh is put on the fasteners and stretched in the direction of the opposite side, fastening in the same way. After the lattice has taken a stable position, pieces of reinforcement or anchors make fasteners in separate cells. It is not necessary to install fasteners in each segment, it will be enough to distribute them evenly in a checkerboard pattern.

The final stage is filling the cells with fine gravel, gravel or sand. The dimension of the material depends on the speed of water movement - the higher it is, the larger the filler should be.

Geomats and geogrids are also rolled material, which is used to cover drainage slopes. Under these materials, you can install non-woven insulating material, which will freely pass water, but not allow the soil layer to erode. A geomat or geogrid is laid on top of it. Their upper edge is fixed along the slope anchor bolts, stretch to the opposite side, where the action is repeated. The surface of the material is covered with a small layer of soil mixed with seeds. lawn grass. Within a couple of months, all layers will grow together, creating a reliable natural slope protection.

Gabions are used in cases where saving space on the site is critical. They allow you to make the wall of the ditch almost vertical, narrowing the drainage to a minimum.

Creating a gabion on your own requires significant financial and time costs, but the result will be robust construction that will last for decades.

For work, you will need reinforcement bars with a diameter of 5-6 mm, fine mesh chain link (preferably with polymer coated), welding machine and a large number of large stones. First, long mesh boxes are welded from the reinforcement, the height of which should correspond to the depth of the ditch. The size of the cells will be such as not to allow stones to pass through them. After installing the boxes on both sides of the drainage, they are filled with stones, and the entire structure is covered with a chain-link mesh on top, screwing it with galvanized wire to the reinforcement.

The advantage of gabions is their beautiful view, which fits into landscape design. Budget way fortifications - installation of old slate. To do this, use both wavy and flat cover. It is buried in the ground along the slopes of the ditch, reinforced with spacers from metal pipes or fittings of large diameter.

The eternal problem is the sliding and shedding of the walls of the ditches, which entails clogging, stagnation of water and, as a result, deformation and destruction of the structure of your entire ditch. To avoid this trouble, it is necessary to take care of the strengthening the walls of your wonderful ditch.

Choosing a way to strengthen the ditch

The method of strengthening depends on two factors, this is the steepness of the slope and overall size ditches. Naturally, the greater the angle and height of the ditch wall, the more carefully and seriously it is necessary to approach measures to strengthen them.

If the angle of the slope is not large, then it is enough just to plant the slopes with plants, root system which will create a reinforcing layer. For slopes of medium and high steepness, the use of geomaterials will already be required. Such as, biomats, geomats, geogrids, geogrids or gabions. Modern manufacturers offer a huge selection of materials, from expensive to relatively cheap. Let's take a quick look at everything we might need.

Geomats are a product consisting of several layers of waterproof polymeric material, similar to a lattice and resembling a washcloth. Such a structure perfectly holds the soil and does not interfere with the growth of plants, the root system of which reliably fixes steep slopes.

Biomats are a kind of geomats, the layers of which are filled with a nutrient mixture and seeds of perennial plants.

- a mesh material made of synthetic or polymer threads with square cells. Designed for reinforcing medium slopes.

Geogrid (volumetric) - a honeycomb structure made of polymer or synthetic tapes, the cells of which are filled with crushed stone or pebbles. The geogrid is held on the slope with the help of anchors.

Gabions are large structures from galvanized metal gabion mesh with hexagonal cells. The whole structure is made in the form of a parallelepiped, which is filled with stone or rubble, larger than the cell. Thanks to the double torsion mesh, gabions can withstand heavy loads and are resistant to any corrosion. A variety of gabions are Reno mattresses - flat designs with low height and large area surfaces.

Industrial gabions are expensive and for our small ditches they will be bulky. We offer to use our new product, developed by our company, a mini-mattress "European Road Technologies". Which is designed to strengthen ditches, reservoirs, slopes and other coastal areas. In my own way appearance mattresses are similar and similar in application to mattress mesh structures, which are also widely used in bank protection; but they have a relatively smaller size - 2x1x0.12m. Given thickness mattresses (12 cm) allows you to strengthen banks and ditches without disturbing natural look and without cluttering the shore.

A distinctive feature of mattresses "European Road Technologies" lies in their versatility: they can be used both in industrial volumes, strengthening entire coastlines and areas adjacent close to the water, and for the individual construction of reservoirs and ditches, landscaping.

However, use this product is not difficult - necessary tool You will only need gloves to avoid scratches and pliers, with which it is more convenient to assemble the mattress into working condition.

Laying mattresses also does not require any special skills: first, the geotextile is laid, then the mattress is laid along the coastal line, then stones are poured into it (they should fit the size of the cell, which is 6x8 cm.), The final stage- “closing” of the mattress, which consists in tying the joining elements with wire.

Another advantage of European Road Technologies mattresses over their "big brothers" is the ability to fill stones with a shovel, while, for example, Reno mattresses require hand laying stones. And with a smaller volume of the mattress itself, accordingly, up to 50% less volume of loaded stones is required.

Differences between European Travel Tech mini mattresses and Reno mattresses

DIMENSIONS. RENO MATTRESS:

DIMENSIONS. MINI MATTRESS European Road Technologies: