How to grow rowan from seeds and branches. The timing of the autumn planting of mountain ash. The best landing period

Rowan is a tall, winter-hardy tree with bright orange-red fruits. The berries are astringent, bitter in taste, but their appearance attracts many birds, so the mountain ash is an excellent protection for other crops. In addition, you can plant and replant wild mountain ash dug out of the forest.

Time autumn planting determined by the climate of the area where the mountain ash will grow:

AT central region the best period will be mid-September - mid-October.
In southern latitudes, it is best to plant mountain ash from early October to early November.
In the northern regions, the whole of September - the beginning of October will be an acceptable period.
For Siberia and the Urals, autumn planting is most suitable, because spring in these areas is not stable, there is a risk of frost or, on the contrary, extreme heat. While autumn flows comfortably temperature regime and sufficient rainfall.

If the planting dates were missed, then the seedling must be stored until spring. In this case, use one of three existing methods:

Basement storage:

The roots of the seedling are lowered into a container with wet peat, sand and sawdust.
The room must be comfortable conditions(air temperature from 0 to +10 degrees and 85-90% humidity)
Once a week root system additionally moisturize.

Dropping:

A deep hole is dug at the site and the roots of the seedling are placed there at an angle of 45 degrees.
Then it is buried using a moistened mixture of sand and peat.

Snowmaking:

The seedling must be wrapped damp cloth and dig in this state in the snow. In this case, the optimum temperature for it will be maintained.

Using the latter method, you need to ensure that the seedling is not exposed, and the layer of snow always remains thick.

Pros and cons of autumn planting

In the autumn, you can buy seedlings at a reduced price.
Also during this period, the planting material will be fresh, so you can appreciate its health and condition, both foliage and root system.
Autumn planting will bring much less hassle, the gardener will be relieved of the need to constantly check the level of soil moisture. Nature will do all the work for him.
Young trees planted this season will start to grow 2-3 weeks earlier than when planted in the spring.
Also, many summer residents are attracted by the prospect of saving time. In autumn, there are not many things to do in the garden, which cannot be said about the spring period, when there will be a lot of trouble.

Due to winter frosts, both the root system and the tree itself can freeze.
Also, the health of red rowan can be affected strong wind, which will break off young twigs.
Another disadvantage is the attacks of rodents, which can damage the tree in late autumn.

How to plant rowan - important rules

In order for the autumn planting to be successful and the rowan to take root in a new place, experienced gardeners We recommend following a few basic rules:

Planting material must be in perfect condition, if the roots begin to twist, then such a tree will take root worse and need to be planted before the cold weather.
If the seedling was purchased with a closed root system or a special net, then they do not need to be disposed of.
If you miss the deadlines for autumn planting, it is better to transfer the procedure to the spring.
Do not overdo it with the amount of fertilizer applied.

You can not use manure as a top dressing, it can burn and damage the young root system.

A small tree needs to be prepared for the cold.
It is advisable to tie the mountain ash planted in autumn to a support so that it does not sway and break during strong winds.

How to plant mountain ash in autumn?

Autumn planting differs from spring planting in many ways. In order for the rowan planted before the onset of cold weather to take root in a new place and grow well, it is necessary to adhere to time-tested rules.

Selection of seedlings

Before you start planting, you need to purchase a quality seedling.

The root system should be moist, without visible damage, with 3-4 main branches and a length of 25-30 centimeters.
The presence of wrinkled bark indicates that the planting material was overdried.
The crown must also be well developed, the presence of the main conductor and the main branches is very important.

During transportation, the roots of the seedling are wrapped with a damp cloth and placed in a plastic bag.

Preparing a seedling for planting:

Before planting, it is necessary to remove all dry and damaged branches, the same rule applies to the roots of the tree.
For the best moistening, the root system of the seedling is placed in a clay mash for 2-3 hours.

In order for all the forces of the tree to go to growth and take root in a new place, it is necessary to remove all green foliage.

Choosing and preparing a site for planting or transplanting a tree

Rowan is famous for its unpretentiousness and the ability to take root on various soils. But in order for the tree to grow and bear fruit better, the following conditions are observed:

Nai the best option there will be loamy or sandy soil.
The soil should be loose and neutral, expanded clay drainage is welcome.
Rowan loves sunlight very much, so it is better to choose a non-shaded area.
The soil must be well moistened.
It is desirable that the level ground water was below 1.5 meters, but the mountain ash also tolerates a closer location.

Rowan is planted at a distance of 4-5 meters from other trees. Approximately 2-3 weeks before planting a seedling, it is necessary to prepare a planting hole, it should have time to infuse.

The depth of the pit is 40-50 centimeters, the width will depend on the size of the root system of the seedling.
The fertile soil layer is mixed with:

A bucket of compost or humus;

150 grams of superphosphate;

300 grams of wood ash.

The resulting mixture is covered with one third of the pit.
Then up to half of it is filled with barren land.

Planting rowan in open ground:

Before planting, a bucket of water is poured into the prepared hole and they wait until it is absorbed.
Then a seedling is placed there, which needs to gently spread the roots.
The root neck should be 5-7 centimeters above ground level.
When filling the hole, it is recommended to shake the tree slightly to fill all the air pockets.
After the mountain ash is planted, the soil around the tree trunk is carefully tamped and watered thoroughly.
On the final stage you need to mulch the trunk circle of the tree with humus or peat.

Care after landing

In order for a tree to form correctly and grow strong and healthy, it must be properly looked after in the first years of life. To do this, adhere to the following rules:

The first 2-3 years, mountain ash is not fertilized, because it will be enough nutrients made at the time of landing. An exception would be nitrogen fertilizers that stimulate tree growth. They can be introduced from the 2nd year of planting.
During irrigation, 2-3 buckets of water are consumed per rowan. Water the tree 4-5 times per season, in the presence of heavy summer precipitation, you can leave only spring and autumn watering. After each introduction of moisture, the earth must be mulched.

Rowan is watered along the furrows or using special grooves.

In autumn, the soil around the trunk is dug up to a depth of 10-15 centimeters. Throughout the season, the ground near the tree should be kept clean and loose.

How to prepare red rowan for winter

A newly planted tree will not have time to fully grow stronger before the onset of cold weather, so it needs help to cope and survive the frost. To do this, the gardener must perform the following steps:

Rowan trunk wrapped with burlap, after which the structure is insulated with a spruce branch.
The lower part of the trunk needs additional protection, therefore, it must be buried with fallen snow and ensure that its amount does not decrease and does not expose vulnerable areas.
For, to avoid sunburn the trunk of the mountain ash must be whitened.
Protection against rodents can be provided by special pesticides that are scattered around the tree.

How to transplant rowan to a new place correctly?

Now let's talk about how to transplant rowan. If trees whose age does not exceed 4-5 years are moved to a new place, then the transplant rules will be similar to the rules for the initial planting. The only difference will be that when transplanting, you need to dig out the mountain ash from the ground yourself. When carrying out this procedure, it is worth remembering that this culture has a very branched root system that cannot be damaged.

As for the transplantation of mature trees, such work will be much more difficult:

The best time is late fall when the tree is in a state of biological dormancy.
The daytime temperature should be -1-3 degrees, while the night temperature can be no less than -15 degrees.
The height of the tree should not exceed 3 meters, otherwise the transplant will be much more difficult.
You need to dig out the mountain ash very carefully. Initially, a groove is made around the tree trunk, with a radius of about 1 meter, then the soil is carefully removed, while large roots must be cut. Pulling a tree out of a hole is easiest with the use of levers.
The earthen lump formed on the roots must be preserved, for this it is wrapped with burlap and laid out on a thick film or iron sheet. Then, in this state, the tree is dragged to a new place.

The optimal size of an earthen clod for a 10-year-old tree is 100 centimeters in diameter and 60 in depth.

The landing pit should be 40 centimeters larger than the size of the earthen coma.
At its bottom, 5-centimeter layers of expanded clay, soil and snow are made. This manipulation is repeated 3 times, after which the tree is moved into the hole and carefully buried.
At the final stage, the soil is compacted and carefully mulched.

So that the tree does not die in a new place, you need to maintain its orientation relative to the cardinal points.

Autumn planting is the most optimal for mountain ash. This culture perfectly tolerates winter frosts. In addition, trees planted in autumn grow much faster, which means that the harvest can be harvested much earlier.

And in the end, we suggest watching a short video about caring for mountain ash in spring and autumn:

Rowan has decorative properties throughout holiday season- in early summer it is rich green leaves and fragrant flowering, by autumn it is a lush crimson crown with shades of orange and yellow, and later the whole tree becomes strewn with bright fruits of scarlet, pink or other color, depending on the variety.

To date, breeders have bred a fairly wide variety of species that differ from each other in the size of berries, their taste characteristics, tree growth and yield. Now this is not only the common mountain ash familiar to everyone, but also hybrids that arose as a result of crossing it with a pear, an apple tree and some other fruit crops.

Rowan - main characteristics and popular varieties

Mountain ash belongs to the genus of deciduous trees or shrubs, characterized by high frost resistance and unpretentiousness to the composition of the soil. Feels good in forests and in mountainous areas. Its cultivation is widespread throughout Russia, including the Far North. The plant is easy to propagate and, if desired, you can create a whole garden from different varieties this culture.

Since ancient times, this tree has been planted near the house, it is believed that it can protect unkind people from the evil eye. Taking advantage of the fact that the shoots are characterized by elasticity and hardness, spindles and staves were previously made from them, and nowadays baskets and some other elements for decorating the interior and garden plot are woven. From the wood of this breed, various products are cut: spoons, dishes.

The fruits of the plant are used much more often than branches, they are used to make jams and jams, they are added to desserts. Ripe berries are used in the production of vegetable fabric dye. In addition, they are collected and dried to create beads and decorative elements.

Many gardeners have already identified for themselves the most beloved varieties of mountain ash, which have distinguished themselves in practice by the abundance of the harvest and the taste of the fruit, these are:

1. Scarlet large - the most valuable species, the weight of its berries reaches 4-5 grams, they resemble cherry fruits in color. From an adult tree per season, you can harvest up to 150 kilograms of a crop that is distinguished by juiciness and lack of bitterness. This variety was obtained as a result of hybridization of mountain ash and several types of pears.
2. Pomegranate - characterized especially large fruits, the size of a cherry. The yield is very high, up to 170 kilograms per crop older than 6 years. The berries are sweet and sour, there is no bitterness. The variety appeared from crossing mountain ash with large-fruited hawthorn.
3. Titanium - its main quality is increased frost resistance, this variety is planted in regions with severe winters. Titanium was the result of crossing mountain ash with a pear and a red-leaved apple tree. The fruits are small, about 2 grams of weight, the plant is medium-sized with a wide crown shape.
4. Beauty rowan - a tree with a pyramidal crown, grows up to 6 meters. The variety originated from the crossing of mountain ash with a pear. The productivity of the beauty is high, the fruits are up to 2.5 grams of orange-red color. This species is distinguished by an unusual oblong shape of berries. Their taste is slightly tart, but devoid of bitterness.

Some varieties are planted in the garden area more for the purpose of decorating the site than for harvesting. However, these species also boast an excellent fruit taste.

1. Ken - bonsai, has graceful leaves and pearl or white color large berries. Upon reaching fruit-bearing age, it becomes, if not the main, then one of the main decorations of the garden - it looks very decorative. Its height does not exceed 2 meters.
2. Ruby - a dwarf plant with a spreading crown, reaches a height of up to 2.5 meters. The fruits are very tasty, sweet and sour, their weight does not exceed 2 grams. The color of the berries is dark ruby.

A description of the main criteria for each species will help the gardener navigate the variety of varieties of this fruit crop and choose for yourself best option. In the people you can often hear the name - black chokeberry. It is an erroneous opinion that a plant with a similar shape of fruits is a variety of mountain ash, in fact, it is chokeberry.

Both genera of plants - chokeberry and mountain ash - belong to the pink family and are relatives in the botanical hierarchy, however, looking closely at them, you can see that they are completely different. The first is a shrub that grows from a meter to two and a half, its leaves have a completely different structure, different from the leaf plates of the second.

Choosing a growing site and planting instructions

Rowan without pruning grows very tall tree, and therefore it should be planted on the border of the garden area, so as not to obscure the rather sprawling crown garden plantings. The plant can be grown in almost any soil, but, like all representatives of the flora, it prefers fertile - medium loamy soil that can retain moisture and at the same time not form stagnant water at the roots.

It is advisable to purchase a seedling in a specialized nursery or from well-known private traders in order to be sure of the purity of the selected variety and the health of the plant. Before purchasing, the sprout should be carefully examined for mechanical damage, signs of pest attack and possible fungal diseases.

The root processes of a healthy tree are always flexible and not overdried. In a two-year-old seedling, 3 main strong shoots should be fully formed, from which small roots develop.
On the green part of the mountain ash, the presence of spots and signs of vital activity of pests is unacceptable. This is important, since a diseased seedling may not only not take root in a new place, but also infect trees and shrubs growing in the garden.
Any mechanical damage to the branches indicates that the plant is weakened and will spend some of its energy on restoring the integrity of the tissues of the shoots and branches. There is a possibility of poor rooting on the site.

Rowan planting is carried out either in early spring- in April, or in autumn - after leaf fall. The weather should not be sunny, preferably overcast. Immediately before the start of the procedure, it is recommended to lower the root system of the seedling into a container with a preparation diluted in water to stimulate root formation. These may be Kornevin or Epin, which have especially proven themselves among gardeners.

Trees are usually planted in several pieces at once, maintaining a distance of 4–5 meters between them. The landing pit should be about 80 centimeters deep and in diameter. Filling occurs in layers: the first 7-10 centimeters is drainage - broken brick or gravel, the second layer is compost with the addition of wood ash, 30 grams of superphosphate, then 5-7 centimeters of fertile soil with humus.

The seedling is carefully placed in the prepared hole, its roots spread out over the surface of the last layer of soil. The remaining volume of the recess is covered with earth, carefully compacting it with your hands so as not to damage the root system.

Tamping is very important so that air bubbles do not form at the depth of the pit in the future. They contribute to rotting of the roots, as a result of which the plant will get sick and may die completely.

Upon completion of the event for planting a seedling, a near-trunk circle is formed around its trunk. The plant is watered abundantly and mulched with sawdust to retain moisture and prevent cracking of the surface layer of the soil. In addition, the central branch is shortened by 1/4 of the total length to activate the development of side shoots next year.

Rules of care - pruning, top dressing and protection from pests

Caring for rowan trees in the garden consists in watering, seasonal pruning, top dressing, loosening the trunk circle and pest control - these are the most basic procedures that are necessary for every plant grown on garden plot. Culture does not require any additional care or attention from the owner.

Pruning and fertilizing the soil should be carried out in the spring at the first opportunity, because the mountain ash wakes up early after winter period and resumes its development.

The principles of pruning depend on the age of the plant: in young trees, long thin shoots are shortened to the outer bud, damaged fragments are cut off. The crowns of abundantly fruiting mountain ash are thinned out so that Sun rays could freely illuminate and warm all parts of the tree, including the main trunk. To do this, all shoots growing inside the crown or crossing each other are removed or shortened to the outer bud. Branches that grow towards the ground are also cut off.

In relation to mature trees, whose growth has been significantly weakened, anti-aging pruning is performed. To stimulate the growth of young shoots, all poorly fruiting branches older than 4–5 years are carefully cut.

Of course, it is necessary to cut off the diseased and frozen parts of the plant during the winter. Infected leaves and shoots should be burned immediately to prevent the disease from spreading throughout the garden. The cut points must be lubricated with garden pitch or oil paint based on drying oil - this will help the mountain ash recover faster from damage and protect against infections.

After the tree reaches 3 years of age, you can begin to feed it with mineral fertilizers. This is done three times a year: before the start spring flowering, summer and after picking berries. The selected funds are shallowly buried in the soil when loosening, then the mountain ash is watered abundantly.

So, in the first half of April, it will be useful to add 20 grams of nitrogen, 25 grams of phosphorus and 15 grams of potassium fertilizers per square meter to the soil. To do this, you can use tools such as superphosphate, urea, potassium salt or other drugs that a particular gardener prefers. In July, the dosage of each mineral is reduced to 10 grams, and in the fall only phosphorus and potassium are added - 10 grams each. Nitrogen during this period will be inappropriate and even capable of causing harm, as it activates the growth of the green part of the plant, which is unacceptable before frost.

Mountain ash positions itself as a fairly resistant crop to diseases and pests, but in some years it can be attacked by sawflies, caterpillars, mites, ants or mountain ash moths. When signs of a disease appear, regardless of the season and the presence of flowers on the branches, it is recommended to immediately cut off all damaged fragments and burn them. The tree itself should be sprayed with a solution of nicotine sulfate and ordinary laundry soap.

Rowan breeding - rules and basic methods

Cultures are propagated by all available vegetative methods and by seed method. Grafting is sometimes done on a rootstock rowan- its powerful root system nourishes the scion well and protects it from possible dryness of the soil. Very often used for this hawthorn, Finnish mountain ash, or for some varieties - wild pear.

When choosing a cutting method, you can use both green planting material, which is harvested in summer, and stiffened - autumn. Each of them has a good percentage of survival during planting, and therefore, with proper care, grow healthy tree won't be difficult. The main thing - proper storage during the winter period. Great for this purpose basement or cellar. The cuttings are placed in a box filled with damp moss and periodically sprinkled with water to maintain moisture.

Technology seed way reproduction is much easier than others. The only drawback is the later time to reach the fruiting pore. Before planting, rowan seeds must be stratified - they are kept for about a month in a humid environment in a cellar or refrigerator. This procedure becomes an artificial reason that the planting material falls into the so-called sleep, after which, falling into warm soil, it begins to actively germinate.

Seeds are sown in spring or autumn, about 100–130 seeds are sown per 1 meter of land. In autumn, a year later, young seedlings can already be planted on permanent place cultivation.

Rowan in Russia has always been one of the most beloved trees. No wonder she was affectionately called - mountain ash or mountain ash. For the similarity of its leaves with ash leaves, its names from other languages are translated as “false ash”, “mountain ash”. Many were associated with mountain ash folk omens: “The mountain ash has blossomed - it's time to sow flax”, “The mountain ash has bloomed late - the autumn will be long and warm”, “There are a lot of mountain ash in the forest - for a rainy autumn and a harsh winter.”

Rowan ordinary - a tree (and in the mountains and a shrub) 5-10 m high, although in some cases it can grow up to 20 m, with a crown width of an adult plant - up to 6 m. Rowan has long been planted near houses to protect households from the evil eye . Drinks, desserts, sauces and even medicine were prepared from its berries. Rowan wood was used by carpenters, turners and wood carvers. Now this tree is widely used, as it has a decorative appearance, attracts nomadic birds with fruits in autumn and winter, is shade-tolerant and frost-resistant, and also tolerates city conditions well. Rowan will decorate your site with openwork leaves, flowering in spring and bright fruits in autumn.

For planting rowan seedlings, choose one-two-year-old.

Rowan grows well in both sunny and shady areas, preferring moist, but not stagnant places. It is undemanding to soils, but does not tolerate alkaline soils, as well as compaction of the soil around the trunk circle and the presence of weeds. If the soil is acidic, then carry out liming in advance. Likes to grow on loam and sandy soil.

Rowan seedlings are planted in autumn, September-October or early spring due to rapid development. The size landing pit should correspond to the size of the rowan root system, approximately 80 * 50 cm or 60 * 100 cm (diameter * depth). Superphosphate (500-600 g), humus (10-12 kg) and potassium salt (70-130 g) can be added to the prepared pit. Do drainage layer from crushed stone at 10-20 cm. The distance between rowan trees should be at least 4-5 m.

Pay attention to the level of the root collar after the soil has settled, it should be level with the ground.

rowan care

Rowan loves moisture, so its lack will slow down growth and development. In the dry season, watered at the rate of 1 bucket of water per 1 sq.m. crown projections.

At root growth mountain ash must be removed in a timely manner, without leaving in top layer soil stumps, as it slows down the growth of the tree. To root growth less loosening should be superficial (5 cm).

Mountain ash responds well to fertilizing in the spring with nitrogen fertilizer (for 10 liters of water, 1 kg of mullein, 10 g of urea and 15 g ammonium nitrate), and in autumn phosphorus-potassium (15-20 g of nitroammophoska).

If you grow rowan tall variety, then you adjust its height and thickening. Skeletal branches formed at an angle of 45°C. Dried branches are removed in early spring.

For the winter, trunk circles of mountain ash are mulched with peat or sawdust layer of 8-12 cm.

In the last days of August, early September, rowan fruits begin to be harvested. Do not delay harvesting, as the mountain ash becomes tasteless, and birds begin to peck at it.

Note to summer residents: the magic of mountain ash

Rowan for many centuries was considered magical plant and played an important role in the beliefs and rituals of the ancient Slavs, Scandinavians and Celts. Rowan protected our ancestors from the evil eye and witchcraft. It was believed that a house in which a bunch of red mountain ash was hung out was protected from fire. Damage to the tree was considered bad omen. Rowan twigs were folded in a cross, tied with red thread and attached to clothing. The magic of mountain ash was also manifested to calm children: the bark of mountain ash was hidden under the mattress of children so that they calmed down and slept soundly.

mountain ash can be torn from the autumn Peter and Paul (September 10 - Memorial Day of Saints Peter and Paul);
a few clusters must be left on the tree - so that the birds fly; the collected rowan berries need to be kept in the cold - they will vegetate, tie and pick up sugar; store the harvested mountain ash in the cellar or in the attic in baskets and boxes for up to six months;
from rowan berries you can cook compote, fruit drink, kvass, jam, juice, wine, liqueur, tincture and marshmallow;
rowan berries are good to add to cabbage for pickling, as well as to soaked apples;
thin branches of mountain ash are best taken for weaving baskets, and thicker ones - for making hoops for barrels, handles for hand tool and rods;
it is good to hollow and cut bowls, ladles, spoons and ladles from wood of mountain ash roots;
rowan bark is suitable for tanning skins;
mountain ash is a good honey plant, its honey has a reddish color, strong aroma and medicinal properties;
dried rowan berries are a good filling for pies;
mature berries need to feed livestock and poultry, then they will be healthy;

According to the beliefs of the Druids, people born in April and October enjoy special patronage of mountain ash.

rowan feng shui

According to feng shui, rowan is responsible for reputation and popularity. It belongs to the element of fire, like a plant with red fruits. Therefore, it is better to plant mountain ash in the southern part of your site, then you are guaranteed a good reputation and popularity among all your neighbors!

Rowan represents a welcome inhabitant personal plot. In addition to being attractive appearance, the plant will please beneficial fruits. To grow in your area right amount trees, it is not at all necessary to purchase seedlings, it is enough to choose and plant the seeds correctly.

Breeders divide the process of growing mountain ash from seeds into several main stages:

material selection;
storage;
sprout cultivation;
planting seedlings.

Observing simple rules at each of these stages, you can easily succeed if you want to grow this tree from a seed.

wait for maturation

A strong, hardy rowan tree can only be obtained by using good seed.

Therefore, you need to stop your choice on those berries that are bright rich color and large size. In such a fruit, there is a sufficient amount of nutrients that contribute to the proper development of the seed.

At the stage of choosing berries, it is important to choose the right time to pick them up. The fruits need to fully ripen, but at the same time, they should not begin to lose their elasticity and shape. Experienced breeders advise picking berries in the fall, when they turn bright red and the leaves from the trees begin to fall off.

Harvest the fruits when they are ripe and the leaves have fallen.

Selection of rowan seeds

However, plucked fruits are a weak seed, requiring additional processing. The main problem when growing mountain ash from seeds is their poor germination and a small percentage of specimens suitable for reproduction. To increase the likelihood of obtaining healthy seedlings in the right quantities, care should be taken in advance preparation.

To identify material suitable for further cultivation, carefully crush the selected berries and pour them with a small amount of cool water. After some short time, healthy, strong seeds should sink to the bottom.

This is what rowan seeds look like

Having chosen the right amount of healthy bones, you need to take care of creating conditions for them as close to natural conditions as possible. Such a process in botany is called stratification. Peat, sawdust, chopped straw and other similar substrate may be suitable for this. When selecting material, it must be remembered that the mountain ash is not very readily propagated by seeds, therefore, it is necessary to take fruits with a significant margin.

Still wet seeds should be mixed with the prepared substrate and placed in an open container in an even layer of small thickness. This mixture is kept at room temperature about 25-30 days. After that, it must be removed in a cool place until the landing period in the spring. For these purposes, a cellar is perfect.

Careful preparation of this type has several goals at once:

helps to increase germination;
allows you to reject obviously unsuitable material;
contributes to the preservation of seeds until the planting period;
saturates with substances necessary for growth and development.

Properly carried out selection and harvesting of berries make it possible to confidently count on obtaining strong seedlings in sufficient quantities.

disembarkation

You can get containers with the substrate in early spring. At the same time, there is no need to rush into landing until the ground warms up at least a little. You can revise the substrate and discard seeds that you don't like, but this procedure is not necessary.

Choosing a planting site is key to growing healthy, strong seedlings. Although mountain ash is not whimsical to soils, the choice of neutral soils is considered the best option. The place of the future nursery should be well lit by the sun and have enough moisture.

When sowing seeds, they do not need to be removed from the substrate. They are introduced into the soil along with this material, which contributes to their better germination. Do not dig too deep into the soil. It is enough to cover it with a layer of soil about 5-10 mm thick.

According to accepted good practice, the landing rate is considered to be the placement of rows at a distance of 25-30 centimeters from each other. Seeds should be densely spaced in a row. Some gardeners practice the introduction of several pieces per 1-2 centimeters. Such conditions are dictated by low germination.

cultivation

Usually shoots appear quite amicably and grow intensively. With their abundant appearance, the rows should be thinned out, since the presence a large number seedlings negatively affects their properties.

Plant care is standard. The soil should be moderately moistened, and during the dry season, watering should be given more attention. Sprouts are not afraid of weeds, but extra competitors can slow down their development.

Selection of seedlings

According to statistical studies, this plant can have a different growth rate on different soils. However, half a meter growth of semi-annual seedlings is considered the standard. Among all the material that survived to autumn period, you should choose the most tall and strong plants.

Carefully, trying not to damage the delicate root system, the selected specimens should be transplanted to the place of permanent deployment. With the right process, the seedlings take root quite quickly and well.

rowan leaf

After planting the shoots, care for them can be moderated. Plants that are well rooted during autumn and winter can develop further with little or no human help. In the very near future, new trees will be able to please the owner of the site with their fruits.

Mountain ash does not succeed on ordinary rootstocks, but shows good results after grafting on pear wilds. If mountain ash is propagated by seeds, they are sown in spring or autumn with stratified seeds: per 1 running meter sown about 150 pieces. Before stratification, last year's or dried seeds are soaked for 3-4 hours.

rowan fruit close up

Unlike wild rowan, garden requires regular feeding, processing trunk circles, pruning, watering. Otherwise good harvest don't wait. Rowan is very fond of fertilizers.

Secrets of growing garden rowan in the country

With age (and therefore - with active fruiting), the need for them increases. In the first half of summer, mountain ash, like others horticultural crops, needs mineral nutrition - at this time the shoots grow intensively, flower buds are laid, fruits are formed.

Variety name	Characteristic
Titanium	The variety was bred by crossing the pollen of a pear and a red-leaved apple tree. Out of this came strong tree with dense foliage. The fruits weigh 2 g. They are sweet and sour, juicy with yellow flesh, pinkish near the skin. They can be used in fresh and also recycle. In Russia, the harvest is plentiful.
Liquor
Pomegranate
Dessert
Burka
Scarlet large
Finnish
Nevezhinskaya

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Question number 1.

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Question number 3.

The elegant beauty of mountain ash is sung in literature and poetry for good reason. The decorative appeal of the curly tree is backed up useful properties fruits.

Rowan: planting and care, types and varieties

The elegant beauty of mountain ash is sung in literature and poetry for good reason. The decorative appeal of the curly tree is backed up by the beneficial properties of the fruit. Since ancient times, our ancestors served dainties from mountain ash to the table: candied fruits, in honey, jam or spicy soaked berries. Also noteworthy healing properties plants. Among the people, berries and tree bark are used for lack of vitality - beriberi, fruit tincture has a hemostatic property, has a diuretic effect. Well, and, probably, there is no such Russian who would not have tasted the noble rowan liqueur prepared at home.

In Russia, mountain ash is a tree-amulet, it was attributed magical properties, planted at the entrance to the house or courtyard. Modern gardeners also favorably treat this tree, which releases phytoncides, they want to decorate the landscape of their backyard with it. Before planting rowan in your yard, it is advisable to choose the most suitable type of tree. In total, more than a hundred of them are known, about 40 winter-hardy species freely grow in our strip. They differ in height, crown shape, fruit color. Depending on the design tasks, large-sized or undersized species, shrub varieties or with a spreading crown.

Designers recommend that compatriots plant rowan cultivars: "Bead", "Burka", "Chernoplodnaya", "Ruby", "Pomegranate", "Sorbinka", "Titan". This choice is supported by the unpretentiousness of these species, early fruiting, high taste qualities fruits. The fruiting of the ignorant mountain ash varieties "Yellow", "Kubovaya", "Red" comes late. The astringent tannins of raw berries give the fruits a bitter taste. Some of them acquire a pleasant aftertaste only after the first frost, the rest only after processing.

The picturesque tender beauty rowan belongs to the category of long-livers trees, the duration of its life can reach hundreds of years. The question of how to plant a mountain ash correctly so that it pleases several generations is appropriate.

The first thing to know: the place should be chosen unshaded, the soil should be nutritious, with good drainage.

Second: mountain ash is an excellent neighbor for shrubs, flowers and herbs. A deep tap root absorbs moisture at depth, does not take away nutrient moisture and plants with roots located close to the surface. Plants do not compete for sunlight On the contrary, light foliage obscures, protects from scorching rays.

Pruning is not needed for the tree - it looks great with the natural formation of the crown. In some cases, it may be necessary to treat with insecticides from pests.

Mountain ash belongs to the genus of deciduous frost-resistant trees and shrubs from the Rosaceae family. It grows on any soil, is not afraid of the shade, but, growing in sunny places, it brings large yields. Rowan loves moisture, but does not tolerate waterlogging. It is self-fertile, so several varieties should be planted on the site at once. We will tell in the article how to plant mountain ash, at what time, how to care for seedlings.

How mountain ash breeds: ways

There are about 80 varieties of mountain ash and many more hybrids. Rowan is a tree with openwork leaves and red-orange fruits. There are trees reaching 2 meters in height, and there are also stunted shrubs- no more than 2 meters high. The fruits may have the most different colour: orange, red, burgundy, cream, pink, yellow, white.

Rowan - a tree that is easy to grow and plant

In wild-growing species, the fruits are bitter, in garden ones - sweet. Many of them reproduce by seeds. In the wild, seeds are carried by small animals and birds - rowan shoots sprout from their droppings. How to grow mountain ash from seeds? Usually seeds are collected from berries, then they are ground, washed, and dried. Seeds are sown in September-October to a depth of 2 centimeters. Sprinkle them on top with humus and earth.

Shoots usually do not appear in the coming spring, but in the next. Usually mountain ash is planted before the buds swell - in the spring, or two to three weeks before frost - in late autumn. Species varieties of mountain ash are grown from seeds, and ornamental varieties are grown by grafting onto common or Finnish mountain ash, which has a more powerful and deep root system, and those plants that are grafted on it are less affected by dry soil.

Tip #1 It is good to use common hawthorn as a stock. Budding is carried out with a sleeping eye in late July - early August.

Mountain ash does not succeed on ordinary rootstocks, but shows good results after grafting on pear wilds.

Rowan ordinary - planting and care in the open field

If mountain ash is propagated by seeds, they are sown in spring or autumn with stratified seeds: about 150 pieces are sown per 1 linear meter. Before stratification, last year's or dried seeds are soaked for 3-4 hours.

Crops carried out before winter must be insulated with fallen leaves. Rowan seedlings grow quickly, and by autumn they can already be planted in a school for growing and shaping. Growing planting material from seeds is much easier and often more convenient than propagation by grafting - a cutting or a dormant bud. But it is necessary to take into account the degree of variability of species, and the fact that during seed reproduction, the entry into the time of flowering and fruiting of plants occurs later.

Some mountain ash - for example, elderberry, large-fruited, Finnish, sweet-fruited, Moravian, Burka, Nevezhinskaya and others - when propagated by seed, produce offspring that are no different from maternal forms and are in no way inferior to those plants obtained by grafting. Rowan shoots grow quickly and usually mature. ".

Young plants are planted in a permanent place in the fall. Between vigorous species leave 3-4 meters, between small ones - 1.5-2 meters.

Where to plant rowan and how to care for the soil

Rowan is unpretentious. However, it grows and bears fruit best on loamy soil. fertile soil with good, but not excessive moisture, as well as on sandy loamy soil. If it is acidic, then liming must be done in advance. It is better to plant mountain ash in open sunny places - in this case, its crown will be more spreading, and the harvest will be richer.

Rowan will not like places near garbage dumps, swampy places. It does not tolerate alkaline soils and soil compaction near the trunk circle. It is very important to monitor the soil in the near-stem circles. Namely - to produce watering, loosening, mulching, applying fertilizers to the topsoil in three steps - in spring, before flowering, in summer - ammophoska. After harvesting, in the fall, - only phosphorus-potassium. Grafted mountain ash should be regularly removed wild growth, which is unsuitable for reproduction.

How to grow rowan from seeds: step by step instructions

This method of growing a crop is very long and troublesome.

The fruits of mountain ash are carefully kneaded to the consistency of gruel, which must be left warm for 1-3 days.
Using tweezers, seeds are removed from it.
Wash them in a gauze bag.
A little dry and sown in a pot, filled from the bottom by 2/3 with soil, from above - by 1/3 with coarse sand.
Seeds are placed in pre-moistened sand.
The pot is kept warm for several days, then either at a temperature of +5 degrees, or deep in the snow for stratification.

rowan fruit close up

Shoots will appear either in the spring or a year later. Thus, only multiply specific plants- mountain ash Kene (with white fruits, forest). Varietal mountain ash (sweet-fruited, pomegranate, rose-fruited, etc.) reproduces only with the help of vaccinations for wild animals - this is much faster and more efficient. ".

Preparation of seeds for germination in mountain ash lasts 90-180 days - it depends on the weather during the growing season. Seeds that have formed in wet years usually have a short stratification period, in dry years it is longer. This dependence is less noticeable in chokeberry. Excellent seedlings come out of seeds that are laid for stratification immediately after harvesting, without drying. If they germinate prematurely, they should be stored under snow or in a place with a temperature of 0-3 degrees.

Tip #2 The earth is periodically moistened moderately, but so that the seeds do not germinate prematurely and do not rot.

In early spring, seeds are sown to a depth of 1.5 centimeters, in soil well fed with organic fertilizers. In autumn, unstratified seeds can be sown if they are first soaked in water for a day. After sowing, the beds are immediately mulched with humus so that the soil does not dry out. In dry weather, especially if shoots have appeared, the plants need to be watered. During the summer you need to spend three watering.

Seedlings are thinned out so that there is a distance of 4-5 centimeters between them. Rowan is budded in the same way as a pear and an apple tree. For a rowan transplant, at least two years must pass. The rowan tree is unpretentious - if the root system is dug out carefully, it quickly takes root in a new place. Even if his leaves have fallen, most likely, next year it will come to life.

Rowan trees from seeds grow easily when planted properly.

How to plant rowan cuttings according to the rules

Rowan is planted in spring or autumn. The distance between plants should be 3-4 meters. There should be several mountain ash trees on the site: the mountain ash is self-fertile, which is why several are needed different varieties. This will ensure a good harvest. If this is not done, then very few berries will be born.

The parameters of the landing pit must correspond to the parameters of the rowan root system: 80x50 centimeters or 60x100 centimeters (diameter and depth). 500-600 grams of superphosphate, 10-12 kilograms of humus, 70-130 grams of potassium salt are added to the pit. It is necessary to make a drainage layer of crushed stone of 10-20 centimeters. The distance between the trees should be 4-5 meters. The root neck after the soil has settled should be at ground level.

Step-by-step instructions for planting rowan

Cuttings should be rooted in fertile soil in February and watered systematically. For a month, fertilize twice with complex mineral fertilizers.
Plant plants in cloudy weather immediately after the snow melts and the soil warms up to optimum temperature. Planting can be carried out in the fall, at the end of September, on the eve of stable frosts. Autumn cuttings are carefully covered with foliage and wrapped with roofing material. When the first snow falls, sprinkle and compact the plantings.
Rowan planted in groups - 5-6 plants at a distance of 4 meters from each other.
The first two years it is necessary to regularly water the plantings, cultivate the soil around the plants, and feed them with complex mineral fertilizers.
From the third year, rowan does not need care - the plants have already grown stronger and grow on their own. They have enough rain. In dry summers, it is necessary to water them 2-3 times per season.
Care for seedlings is the same as for cuttings. Only they do not need to be rooted, but immediately planted in prepared pits fertilized with humus. If humus is not allowed, then it is enough to feed the seedlings complex fertilizers at least 3 times per season.

Care, fertilizers, feeding mountain ash

Unlike wild rowan, garden rowan requires regular feeding, processing of tree trunks, pruning, and watering. Otherwise, do not wait for a good harvest. Rowan is very fond of fertilizers. With age (and therefore - with active fruiting), the need for them increases. In the first half of summer, mountain ash, like other garden crops, needs mineral nutrition - at this time, the shoots grow intensively, flower buds are laid, and fruits are formed.

Do not forget that rowan, although a resistant plant, also requires top dressing and fertilizers with essential trace elements.

In autumn, it is desirable to apply potash and phosphorus fertilizers, and easily soluble nitrogen fertilizers in spring. Phosphorus-potassium top dressing can be transferred to the spring, but the results will be obvious only after a year. If before planting mountain ash it is good to fill the soil with organo-mineral fertilizers, then in the first two years in the spring only nitrogen fertilizers (25-30 g / sq. M) are applied to the near-trunk circles.

Once every two or three years, for the last tillage in October, 40-50 g/sq. m of superphosphate and 20-30 g / sq. m of potassium salt.
In the early years, it is better to fertilize the tree trunks. When the row spacing is completely filled with roots, fertilizers must be evenly distributed over the entire area.
If you increase the doses of nitrogen fertilizers, this will increase the yield by almost 2-3 times, but will reduce the content of vitamin P in the berries.

How much water does rowan need? When the shoots and ovaries grow intensively, and the summer is dry, young mountain ash is watered at 20-30 l / sq. m, fruiting - once a week for 40-50 l / sq. m. In the near-stem circles of young and fruit-bearing rowan trees, the soil must be constantly loosened, weeding out.

But in the aisles, it must be processed no deeper than 18-20 centimeters, in the near-trunk strips - 5-6 centimeters. In this case, deep processing can cause abundant root shoots in grafted trees, which appear throughout the life of plants, but more intensively in young ones. Shoots grow from the base of the trunk or from the roots. And because they have favorable nutritional conditions, they develop quickly, inhibiting the growth of trees.

If the root growth is not removed in time, by 5-6 years it will finally crush the tree. She is being cut sharp knife or secateurs. The cut must be made close to the trunk or in the top layer of soil - so as not to leave stumps. Otherwise, even more indomitable growth will form from sleeping buds.

The most common varieties of mountain ash

The most popular varieties of mountain ash are presented in the table:

Variety name	Characteristic
Titanium	The variety was bred by crossing the pollen of a pear and a red-leaved apple tree. From this came a strong tree with dense foliage. The fruits weigh 2 g. They are sweet and sour, juicy with yellow flesh, pinkish near the skin. They can be consumed fresh as well as processed. In Russia, the harvest is plentiful.
Liquor	This is a hybrid of mountain ash and chokeberry. The berries are large, sweet, dark in color.
Pomegranate	To obtain this variety, an ordinary mountain ash and a blood-red hawthorn were crossed. The berries are very large, dark red. Suitable for all types of processing. Harvest from one tree - a maximum of 60 kg.
Dessert	The height of the tree reaches 2 meters. The five-sided fruits have a bulbous shape. The crop is harvested as soon as it ripens, otherwise the berries will lose their presentation. Their taste is tart, sweetish-sour. Suitable for making compotes.
Burka	A hybrid of alpine chokeberry and common mountain ash. The tree is compact, low growing. Berries are rich in anthocyanins, vitamins. Designed for recycling.
Scarlet large	The variety was obtained by crossing pear pollen and Moravian mountain ash. The fruits are rich in vitamin C. Abundant fruiting occurs annually.
Finnish	The mountain ash of this variety is similar to the mountain ash. Color difference. Raspberry fruits become transparent as they ripen. The berries are neither bitter nor tart.
Nevezhinskaya	This is the most popular variety. Has sweet fruits. The variety is divided into varieties: "Red" with sweet fruits; "Kubovaya" with sweet and sour berries; "Yellow" with fresh berries.

Remember that mountain ash is not only beautiful plant, but also useful, both for people and for birds

Rubric "Question-Answer"

Question number 1. Is it possible to plant black rowan next to the red rowan?

Can. There is no need to be afraid of cross-pollination. However, given that red rowan is usually taller than chokeberry, it is advisable to plant them so that the first does not obscure the second. Chokeberry branches well, but it is better to grow no more than 3-4 trunks from a bush, and cut the rest directly from the ground. In 10 years, it will be necessary to change old trunks for young ones and every year leave only 1 most powerful, vertically growing shoot to replace the old one. It is better to grow red mountain ash in one, maximum three trunks.

Question number 2. A lot of mountain ash grows on the site, and in autumn the whole garden is covered with its leaves. Can I leave them to dig in the spring along with the soil?

Rowan practically does not get sick. Therefore, the leaves can not be raked. They are perfect in the spring as groundbait for the soil. Another use for rowan leaves: they can shift vegetables and fruits prepared for storage for the winter - this will protect them from mold and bacteria.

Question number 3. Is it possible to transplant rowan seedlings in early June?

If you can not damage the root system and ensure regular watering, then such a transplant is quite possible. When transplanting, use Kornevin.

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Planting mountain ash in autumn

The tree is frost-resistant, the fruits are processed into juices, wine, jam, marshmallow or ground with sugar.

Also, the fruits of mountain ash are used in folk medicine.

Rowan is a light-loving plant, but at the same time the place must be protected from through winds. When choosing a landing site, preference is also given to moist, but not stagnant soils.

Otherwise, the plant may die due to damage to the roots and bark.

How to plant rowan in spring

Planting mountain ash in autumn

Rowan has long been one of the symbols of Russia. The ancient Slavs even had a belief that the mountain ash has the ability to protect from the evil eye.

The tree is frost-resistant, the fruits are processed into juices, wine. jam, marshmallow or rubbed with sugar. Also, the fruits of mountain ash are used in folk medicine.

Rowan is a light-loving plant, but at the same time the place must be protected from through winds. When choosing a landing site, preference is also given to moist, but not stagnant soils. Otherwise, the plant may die due to damage to the roots and bark.

Rowan trees are planted in autumn: in September-October, a month before frost or in early spring. Too much late boarding can lead to the fact that the next year the seedling will get sick and lag behind in development.

In autumn, you can more carefully approach the issue of planting mountain ash in the “right” place and soil.

It is better to choose a two-year-old seedling - it will be stronger and stronger. You need to choose a two-year-old with at least three strong root branches, the length of which should reach forty centimeters. One-year-old is also possible, but it is necessary to consider the parameters specified above, their consideration is important at least partially.

There are, of course, cases that winter comes earlier, and the seedlings have already been bought - then the trees are dug in. For this, a small hill is chosen, a traditional trench is dug - approximately forty centimeters.

Rowan does not tolerate acidic soil, in such cases it is limed in advance with the help of slaked lime, then the seedling is laid in such a way that the top looks south.

Mountain ash does not like soil compaction and weeds, so it will be necessary to clean the near-trunk circles from weeds and necessarily loosen the soil surface - deep soil contributes to the appearance of root growth, which slows down the development of the tree. Therefore, if it appears, it must be cut out without leaving stumps.

Such a location should save the mountain ash from the burns of the February and March sun. Cover the roots and about half of the trunk with soil, trample down and water abundantly. After water has been absorbed, peat or earth is poured in the form of a mound to protect the root system from winter frosts. When there are many mice in the garden, the pit is covered with spruce branches and the snow is periodically trampled in winter.

How to plant rowan

Mountain ash grows on any soil, is not afraid of shading, but gives large yields in sunny places, it is moisture-loving, but does not tolerate waterlogging. Mountain ash is self-fertile, so at least 3 varieties should be planted on the site.

When to plant rowan

Rowan is planted, as a rule, in the spring - before the buds swell or in the fall - two to three weeks before the onset of stable frosts.

rowan planting technique

Landing pits are prepared in advance. Ideal for spring planting holes should be dug in the fall, and for autumn - 2-3 weeks before planting. The optimal size of pits for trees is 1 m in diameter, up to 0.8 m deep. For shrubs, a pit 0.6-0.8 m in diameter and 0.5 m deep is enough. Such a large volume is necessary so that the young and still weak roots of the seedling, developing, at least for the first year or two, do not spend strength on breaking through dense layers untouched soil. When digging a hole, first remove the upper, fertile layer of soil to the depth of a shovel bayonet and put it on the edge of the hole. The lower, infertile layer is taken out and folded separately. Fertilizers are laid in the pit: 1-1.5 kg of double superphosphate, 50-100 g of potassium sulfate, the same amount of potassium chloride, up to 1 kg of wood ash, up to 1.5 kg of fluffy lime, 1-2 buckets of compost or well-rotted manure . All fertilizers are thoroughly mixed with half of the earth taken out of the top of the pit. A third of the mixture mixed with fertilizers is again taken out of the pit and then used when planting a seedling along with the remaining soil. If the soil in your garden is heavy enough, add a couple of buckets of sand to the soil removed from the pit.

Rowan: planting, growing, care

For light, sandy soil, fill the bottom of the hole with clay or loamy soil.

rowan breeding

Mountain ash propagates by root offspring, layering, cuttings, grafting onto seedlings of mountain ash, and to obtain dwarf plants- on chokeberry, seeds. Fresh seeds are sown in autumn or spring. The main method of reproduction is grafting or budding on winter-hardy rootstocks of mountain ash. Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit at 4-5 years, offspring of mountain ash - at 6-7, elderberry - at 2-3 years. In the first years, fruit buds are laid on fruit twigs, later annuli become the predominant fruit formations.

rowan fertilizer

Caring for mountain ash is not so complicated. It is necessary to regularly remove shoots from the root neck, water and fertilize the soil. Loosening the soil is another important condition in growing mountain ash. In spring, mountain ash grows very actively, so at this time you need to feed and trim, and as soon as possible. In young plants, broken or weak shoots can be cut, long stems are made shorter. Weak plants are pruned to 2-3 year old wood, so new shoots will grow faster. In the third year of life, plants need to be fertilized, and for this purpose they are suitable mineral fertilizers. In the spring, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied. In summer, the soil is fed with the same fertilizers, only in smaller quantities. And after they harvest, only phosphate and potash fertilizers are applied in an amount of 10 grams per square meter. Fertilizers do not need to be heavily embedded in the soil, then slightly dig the soil and water it with plenty of water. DON'T BE GREED, SHARE THE ARTICLE WITH YOUR FRIENDS.

RECIPES FROM BERRIES AND FRUITS

We planted rowan behind the "outskirts" in the country, framed by flower beds. Revered by the Russian people, a symbol of beauty, love and purity of feelings is our ordinary red mountain ash. We planted as many as four mountain ash 15 years ago, hoping only to admire them, but over time, having gained experience, we began to indulge in jam from its berries and bite off a liqueur with liquor.

How to grow mountain ash in a summer cottage

Rowan planting

Our tree is wild. Snowless, icy. windy Far Eastern winters endure at times. We brought tiny rowan seedlings to a site from the forest in the spring, planted them in the most lit place, at a distance of about two and a half meters from each other. They dug holes corresponding to the size of the rhizomes, poured good earth so that she would not feel rejected, shed it well, and by autumn it was already clear that everything was in order with her. Like all wild ones, like bird cherry. trees in our dacha, we do not bypass the mountain ash, feeding in the spring with a nitrogen - phosphorus - potassium mixture.

Mountain ash is an excellent ornamental plant that successfully complements landscape design dachas. With a pyramidal, rounded crown, graceful leaves, multi-flowered inflorescences, bright red and orange fruits. The tree looks especially wonderful during the fruiting period, when the brushes are fully ripe.

rowan care

Caring for mountain ash, we constantly cut out root shoots, remove top shoots, carry out sanitary pruning to remove old and dried branches. We lighten the crown by removing branches that are densely growing and directed inward to the crown. We formed trees with a trunk at a height of 50 - 60 cm and left five to six skeletal branches on each.

Of the diseases, sometimes you have to deal with rowan aphids and mites. Spark DE (15 g per 10 l of water) and colloidal sulfur (40 g per 10 l of water) serve us against them. Red rowan almost does not get sick. But for prevention, we spray in the spring with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

The word "rowan" often goes together with another word - "bitter". Indeed, the berries lose their bitterness only after the first frost or special treatment. In our Far Eastern summer cottage, we harvest the fruits in late September, early October. Cut with brushes. By the way, they can be stored in a cool place, in the basement. They will last until March.

Carotene, ascorbic acid, vitamin P, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, sorbic acid contain red rowan berries. But, since our article is not on a medical topic, we will simply manage with a brief list of the elements listed above.

From the fruits of mountain ash, jams, marmalades, marshmallows are prepared. Dry berries are part of therapeutic vitamin preparations, and fresh compote promotes bile secretion. Soaked berries are a good seasoning for game dishes.

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