Why cherries dry up: improper care, weather, pests and diseases. What to do when cherries dry out? Why do conifers dry out Why do the edges dry

To see a drying apple tree in your garden is not such a rarity, unfortunately. It can happen in any climate zone, on any soil, and even when the gardener, it would seem, takes care of the garden in accordance with all the rules. You can understand why the apple tree began to dry out by certain signs: a change in the color of the leaves, the appearance of spots on the bark, etc. If you find out the cause of this phenomenon, you can not only save the tree, but also prevent similar cases in the future.

Deviations in the development of a tree, its growth and vital activity are influenced by several factors, which may also have a combined character. With a certain degree of conventionality, they can be divided into several groups:

atmospheric and climatic conditions;
soil features;
improper fit and care;
diseases;
pests.

The convention of separation means that often these prerequisites for the drying of the apple tree are combined with each other, or one entails the other. For example, diseases can be caused by pests or adverse environmental conditions and are simply outward manifestations of the original cause. Therefore, in any case, you need to carefully study all the reasons in order to completely eliminate adverse factors.

And excessive heat, and very cold climate can negatively affect the fruit tree. Therefore, purchase seedlings of only zoned varieties. Breeders breed such varieties, taking into account which climatic zone is most favorable for the growth and development of this apple tree. In very cold climates, it is likely that the tree at some point in its development will begin to dry out after frostbite, if it is accepted at all.

During prolonged severe frosts, the tree may suffer, so-called frost cracks, or frost cracks, may appear on it. They occur due to the fact that the moisture contained in the wood freezes and breaks the fibers. If the cracks that form are not overgrown, fungus can get there and destroy the wood. Mulching saves from frost, wrapping the trunk, throwing snow at the trunk (it needs to be slightly trampled down).

Soil features

An apple tree will dry out if it is planted in soil with a high content of:

sand;
heavy clay;
rubble and gravel.

A high aquifer also adversely affects the tree: soil saturated with moisture does not allow the roots to breathe, as water displaces air and the roots begin to rot. Alternatively, you can make drainages in the soil, but this is troublesome and time consuming, so it is better not to plant apple trees in such places.

An apple tree can also dry out due to the fact that there is not enough soil in the soil. nutrients and minerals. This is especially pronounced during potassium starvation: the leaves begin to dry out. With starvation of magnesium and nitrogen, as well as with chlorosis, the leaves turn yellow. When these signs appear, appropriate fertilizers and fertilizing should be applied to the soil.

When planting seedlings, you need to remember that the root system of an apple tree is twice as wide as its crown, and the root system goes into the ground to a depth of 60 cm or more. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the height at which water stands in the ground.

The tree can dry out due to "root competition" if the seedling is planted too close to other trees. It is also undesirable to sow some herbal crops under the apple tree that can poison the apple tree with the products of their vital activity (for example, couch grass and timothy grass).

The landing time is also important - this is spring and autumn. Apple trees planted in summer are more likely to suffer from drying out of leaves and branches. If the seedling is planted in the spring, it takes root much better. Trees planted in autumn are more resistant to weather conditions and various diseases.

Such oversights as improper grafting or pruning of branches, or excessive use of chemical substances(fertilizers, pesticides, etc.). Incorrectly processed cuts can be affected by diseases and cause the overlying twigs and foliage to dry out.

Most often, the apple tree is affected by black cancer. This is a fungal disease that affects the tree completely. In addition, drying leads to:

scab;
powdery mildew.

In the last two cases, treatment with special preparations and the destruction of the affected parts of the tree helps. With cancer, only the radical removal of the affected parts helps, and it is necessary to cut off the diseased branch with a margin, since the causative agent of the disease can spread through the tree. On the trunk, visible spots and rot must be cut and scraped to healthy wood, after which it should be processed and covered with any suitable remedy- from special artificial compounds to a simple garden pitch or even clay.

From insect pests, trees should be treated with pesticides or other means in the spring, before flowering begins. Upon detection of cobwebs, caterpillars, etc. you need to remove them from the apple tree along with the affected leaves. There are also rodent pests, both underground and aboveground. Underground (for example, moles) are removed with the help of chemicals and traps, and aboveground (hares, etc.) do not touch trunks whitewashed with lime.

Why apple trees dry up Black cancer of an apple tree: video

If young apple trees begin to dry out, then the reason may be:

disease;
frostbite;
malnutrition;
damage to the root system.

After clarifying the disease, the tree must be treated. If it's the roots, check the water table, drain, fertilize.

Old apple trees can dry out both from diseases and simply from old age. Do not forget that an old tree is generally more susceptible to disease. Such an apple tree needs to be carefully looked after, cutting off drying branches, processing the trunk and crown in time, and this will prolong its life and save it from diseases.

If the apple tree began to dry out immediately after flowering- the root system is damaged, and the tree only had enough strength to bloom. When, following the color, the leaves begin to dry out and fall off, this means that the roots begin to die.

After winter, the apple tree dries up when it has suffered from frost. No need to rush to cut dry branches, let the tree stand for a bit - perhaps the apple tree will “thaw”. You can water it warm water with dissolved fertilizer. But if leaves do not appear on the branches and the branches themselves are dry, they need to be cut with a large margin.

The dried top of the apple tree is a sign of a high occurrence of groundwater. It is necessary to equip drainage, otherwise the roots, reaching the aquifer, will inevitably rot. Also, the drying of the top may indicate a lack of potassium in the soil. Such a top must be carefully cut off - low, without leaving a hemp and process the cut point.

If the buds have dried up on the apple tree, you need to make sure that they are exactly dried up, and not “frozen”. Sometimes it helps abundant watering with top dressing, but if it is not damage to the kidneys by any pest.

Preventive measures against drying out are, first of all, proper care and compliance with "sanitary measures":

all cut, as well as fallen branches and leaves should not be dug into the ground or allowed to be processed into mulch. Thus, infection and pests persist and multiply. The affected parts only need to be burned, and the soil should be fertilized with ashes.
When cutting and other types of damage to the integrity of the bark and wood, processing is required to prevent subsequent infection of the apple tree.
Before wintering, trees need to be protected by mulching, and after snow falls they should be spudded with them. It is not harmful to do this even when the winter is relatively mild.
In the fight against insect pests, birds are of great help. The garden should have birdhouses and feeders for the winter. This will keep the birds away and save the apple trees from destruction.
Periodically, you need to feed the apple tree so that it receives good nutrition from the soil. Loosening the top layer of soil around the tree is also helpful.

Compliance with all these measures will significantly reduce the risk of drying the apple tree.

The drying up of a beloved apple tree in the garden is a truly sad phenomenon. Whether only the leaves dry or already the branches, albeit still small - all this alarm signals which cannot be ignored.

But before taking action it is important to understand what is the reason such negative manifestations.

Missed signals can result in the loss of precious time when the tree can still be save. As soon as you see that the apple tree is drying up, you need to look for reasons.

At the same time, it must be remembered that each tree is a complex living organism that lives and develops in close connection with environment : other plants, birds, insects.

Diseases

The greatest danger to apple trees is diseases. Starting with the manifestation of the disease on, branches, roots- everything can end with the death of the whole tree.

Important! A thorough examination of the entire diseased tree can help to understand the causes and take timely rescue measures.

One of the serious fruit diseases that occurs due to adverse weather conditions ( hard frost or heat), can be called ordinary cancer.

This disease can also occur due to injuries inflicted on the tree (rough branches, breaks and lack of treatment, wound treatment).

For common cancer characteristic disease of skeletal branches, as well as branches of the second order, the bark.

In addition, the apple tree can get sick root cancer.

So, if the root system is damaged and gets into cracks rod-shaped bacteria, which lives in the soil, pathological swellings and growths form on the roots.

They contain a large number of these bacteria. If the root neck is damaged, the death of the tree is inevitable.

The appearance of small reddish spots on the leaves may indicate the presence of fungus called . The spots are scattered over the entire surface, then they increase, spores of the fungus can be found in them.

Bark turns black, as if charred, cracked, flaked. Often the disease begins with forks of skeletal branches. Further, the lesion of the cortex expands.

While the apple tree is young and its root system has not reached this level, its development is normal. But when the roots grow, its extinction inevitably occurs.

This may happen in 10 or 15 years. The absence of developed, mature apple trees in neighboring areas will be a confirmation of this.

In trees with affected roots, the shoots stop growing in length, their leaves change color to yellow or brown, and become active. fungal diseases. And when the summer heat comes - the leaves massively fall off.

Sick roots.

Attention! Will the device help? drainage system in the garden - it's hard to answer.

Apple trees on dwarf and semi-dwarf are more hardy in this case. But their root system is located closer to the surface and may be subject to freezing.

However, this may also be the reason drought with absence .

In addition to closely located groundwater, the danger to the roots can also be closely occurring solonchak layer.

Root damage

To desiccation of the branches of the apple tree and its further death can lead to freezing of roots.

This can happen when the onset frosty winter will be snowless.

The problem doesn't show up right away. The tree still has a supply of nutrients in the trunk and branches. Maybe grow up and even blossom.

But at the beginning of summer, the apple tree will dry out pretty quickly. And gardeners wonder why the apple tree withered in July.

If there is still a part living roots- the tree can be saved.

Another reason for the drying of the apple tree can be root damage by rodents and even May beetle larvae.

Perhaps rodent damage to bark young tree in the place of graft. With severe damage, nutrients do not reach the branches of the tree, which can also lead to their drying out.

Important! Wrongly carried out grafting on a rootstock can also lead to a slow drying out of the tree, since the metabolism in the place accretion turns out to be broken.

The lack of essential trace elements also leads to the drying of apple trees, starting with their leaves. This so-called starvation.

Starvation may occur:

zinc,
potash,
Magnesium,
manganese,
In case of shortage boron.

In this case, the main feature will be a change in the color of the leaf surface.

They appear, and if you do not spray with a complex one, the leaves will gradually dry out.

If the apple trees dry?

One side

This phenomenon can be observed in the case unkempt apple trees.

By a tree that does not enough strength, such signs:

unfertilized,
The soil does not loosen,
Large bushes grow nearby.

The tree seems to be trying to lighten the load by choosing a weak branch or a branch that burdens it. Here lies the reason why the branches of the apple tree dry.

Bark only

The bark on an apple tree can dry out if it is affected by a number of fungal diseases:

Cytosporosis;
Ordinary and black cancer.

At the ends of branches

The reason for the drying of the ends of the branches may be root rot, as well as tree disease bacterial burn.

Green young branches begin to wither from the top. And this is one of the reasons why the branches of the apple tree dry up.

ATTENTION! Bacteria that cause fire blight on apple trees are transmitted by both seedlings and infected fruits, and are carried by insects.

From the top

The dryness of the apple tree.

Dryness – a phenomenon observed in gardens located in areas with close groundwater. The roots that have reached the underlying water rot, the tops of the tree dry.

It can also happen when lack of potassium.

Barrel only

The defeat of the trunk of the apple tree occurs as a result of the defeat of the tree black or ordinary cancer. This is the main reason why the apple tree dries up.

After flowering

So why does the apple tree dry after flowering?

This phenomenon can be observed when roots what happens when the ground water is high.

Thin roots that do not have access to air begin to die off.

A tree from its last strength can bloom, but after that it dies, since its dead roots no longer provide it with the substances necessary for life.

And turns black

blackening, as if bark charring apple trees, and further drying out, is characteristic of a tree disease black cancer- a fungal disease dangerous for a tree.

Young and seedlings

Drying of apple seedlings can occur when they are infected cytosporosis.

Only fruits

The reason for the drying of fruits on an apple tree can be fruit brown. Brown spots appear on the infected fetus, which quickly spread throughout the fetus.

The apple is covered with a dusty coating in the form warts(gray-yellowish color). Such fruits dry up (the so-called mummy), fall off. The mummified fruits become peddler diseases are also next year.

Summer

Damaged due to excess moisture during lingering rains apple trees can warp, even the bark on the trunks can separate.

Important! By winter, apple trees will not be ready to endure frost.

But gardeners pay attention to such changes only next year. And it is then that they begin to look for reasons why the apple tree dries up.

Such weakened trees may even bloom in the spring, but then shrink, as they cannot receive nutrients from dead roots.

In July

The reason for the drying of apple trees in summer can be diseases:

cytosporosis,
Common and black cancer
Bacterial burn.
fungal disease rust in a running state can lead to damage to the branches.

The fault may be pests living in the soil bark and root diseases. As well as long-term consequences frost even two or three years ago.

Important! With a spring surplus melt water and even floods the roots of the trees still do not suffer from soaking, if the movement of juices has not begun.

But in June-July, during the period of active development, fruit trees become very sensitive to waterlogging soil.

Very important prevention in cultivation fruit trees, as it is known that it gets sick more quickly weakened tree, it is more quickly affected by this or that infection.

The apple tree is not suitable for areas with close soil waters, wet places. She prefers loose loam. This must be taken into account when planting apple trees or bookmark garden.

To don't miss the signals, indicating a problem in orchard , you need to be careful with your green spaces and have sufficient knowledge of the symptoms of plant disease or pest damage.

Observe and be attentive if the drying of individual branches of the apple tree is found. The reasons are usually easy to determine.

Healthy branches and fruits of an apple tree.

Useful videos

Watch the expert's story on the video about the main reason for the drying of the apple tree - black cancer:

Watch video expert advice on how to deal with scab, which is common cause drying branches of apple trees:

Look at the video for the rules of prevention and care to prevent the drying out of apple trees:

Noticing changes in the leaves, branches and fruits of a tree, it is important take the necessary measures.

In contact with

Periodically, there is such an ailment as the drying of the tips of the leaf plate. This may happen according to various reasons in connection with not proper cultivation or that initial stage wilting. Consider why the leaves dry indoor plants.

The tips of the leaf mass are most often dry up in winter period when growing conditions in the apartment change. This should be treated with attention so as not to miss a big problem.

AT winter time there is a temperature drop in the house and air drying

Here are some reasons to pay attention to:

Watering with cold hard water is unacceptable.
Unregulated watering: either too dry, then a strong overflow.
The appearance of harmful insects.
Micronutrient deficiency or overfeeding with fertilizers of various types.
Sunburn.
Too hot conditions.
A small container where a flower is planted, the roots have filled the whole earth, and an increase in the pot is required.

It is necessary to eliminate the above causes and the tips of the leaves of domestic plants will stop drying.

How to fix the problem of dryness - general measures

What to do if the leaves of house plants dry

First of all, you need to install the reason why the tips of the leaf plates dry into the room. First of all, it usually manifests itself in rare irrigation, which is not the only reason the foliage dries.

It is necessary to correctly diagnose the cause of the appearance of dry tips.

Tap water should be allowed to stand before watering Flowers need less watering during warmer months

If the grower is sure that his watering is correct and systematic, then you need to take a magnifying glass and inspect the plant itself, maybe there are pests on it that need to be urgently disposed of.

Also, if the plant was constantly flooded with water, he will need completely different help. After all, if you still increase the humidity of the earthen coma, then you can be sure that it will become infected with root rot.

Therefore, we examine and draw conclusions:

If the plant was watered rarely and with unsettled tap water, we correct our mistake - we water it once or twice a week (depending on weather conditions) with warm settled water.
It must be remembered that at an air temperature of +35 flowers fall into stagnation and reduce watering.

Correct implementation of hygiene measures

Here are some hygiene measures that can help:

First of all, let's look at root system flower. We carefully remove it from the container where it is planted and inspect the root system. If we see that there is practically no land, then it is worth increasing the volume of the pot. We completely change the soil to a new one;

It is worth removing dust and dirt from the sheet plates.

small-leaved species easier to bathe under well warm shower by closing the root system with a plastic bag.

If the air is too dry in the room, it is worth increasing it by spraying the leaf mass of the flower. You can also pour expanded clay into the pan, pour water and already set the container with the flower;

When carrying out all these measures, it is worth remembering that all flowers are different and require a different approach:

Cacti can not be flooded and bathed;
Uzumbar violets also can not be washed, as they are owners of velvety leaf mass.

How to fix grooming mistakes

First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for caring for a certain type of flower and create it the necessary conditions for growth.

A humidifier will help correct the microclimate Banks of water - homemade humidifier Pallet filled with expanded clay - direct help to the flower

If the air in the apartment is dry enough, you can fix it in various ways:

Buy air humidifier;
Place jars filled with water around the flowers and pour water into them as they evaporate;
Will help expanded clay poured into a pan with water and a pot placed on it;

You can purchase a cat litter box. Water is poured into the tray, a mesh is installed, and flowers are already placed on it. Thus, 4 small containers can be placed on one tray, which require good humidity.

Try to achieve the necessary air humidity, which is recommended for a particular plant.

If the tap water leaves much to be desired, full of chlorine and very hard, then the following measures will help:

Pour water into a bucket and let it stand for a day;
You can soften the water by adding a couple of drops. lemon juice boil for one liter of water or part of the water, cool and add to the bucket, where it has already settled for a day;
Good suitable rain water if the grower does not live in the center of the metropolis, where the rain washes away all the smog from the air.

In the center of megacities, rainwater cannot be used.

Rainwater good, if not recruited in the city - there are more impurities in the precipitation

The tips of the leaf blades can dry out from over-watering. The following measures will help:

Replace old earth on new soil and reduce the number and frequency of irrigation;
If during transplant Root rot was found it is necessary to treat with fungicides;
If the land where the flower grows is constantly in a dry state and it is not a cactus, then watering should be increased, the plant simply does not have enough nutrition.

The leaves also dry due to the appearance of pests on them - you need to find them and destroy them before they multiply.

Try to observe the flowers, and they will tell you what is wrong with them.

Examples

Why the leaves of Geranium and Spathiphyllum can dry

Consider why the tips of the leaf blades may dry out on two plants

Geranium.
Spathiphyllum.

Geranium

Geraniums can dry out the tips for reasons such as:

First of all, the lack of winter dormancy;
Irregular watering;
Poor lighting in winter;
small capacity for the root system.
Increased humidity.

Spathiphyllum

In Spathiphyllum, the tips of the leaf mass dry out for the following reasons:

Irregular watering;
Standing a flower in a draft;
Reduced air humidity;
oversupply sunny Sveta.

What to do to help plants with dryness

Help for Geranium

Knowing that Geranium is a resident of the African coast, you can be sure that the sun cannot damage the flower. Therefore, in winter it is kept at a temperature of 10-12 degrees Celsius and with good lighting.

At the same time, fertilizers are introduced for flowering plants and dilute them strictly according to the instructions indicated on the package.

When overfeeding, the pet stops blooming and sheds yellowed leaves.

It must be remembered that with frequent bays, Geranium will also begin to shed its leaves, since its root system starts to rot.

You need to get acquainted with what the plant needs at the time of growth and dormancy and follow these rules. General rules care we described in the article.

Help for Spathiphyllum

This plant needs timely watering with soft water and high humidity room air. It can be achieved only by placing the flower on a tray with water and expanded clay, or using a cat tray that will increase the humidity, and the roots of the flower will not touch the water.

Help also spraying with soft water. Remember that excessive watering of the plant can cause root rot.

We gave the rules for caring for a flower in the section.

If you find dry tips on your favorite plant, you should not panic, you need to think about what is missing or what it falls in excess and solve this problem.

The question of why cucumber leaves dry is often asked by almost every second summer resident. The fact is that there can be many reasons for this phenomenon, and it is not always possible to immediately find out why this happens. It is necessary to deal with the problem only after finding out the reasons, then the measures taken will be effective.

As a rule, they do not keep themselves waiting long if the climate changes dramatically. For example, during the day it is sunny, dry and hot weather and it is very cold at night. Rain worsens the situation. Especially if cucumbers are grown in an ecologically polluted area.

Fusarium is one of the most common fungal diseases of cucumbers. Rusty dots begin to appear on the leaves, which gradually increase, turning into spots. As a result, the leaves completely dry out and fall off. It should be noted that the whips at the same time become lethargic, but do not react in any way to abundant watering.

Often, along with fungal diseases, cucumbers are affected by pests. Whiteflies and aphids are the most common of these. Summer residents often do not notice them, as these insidious insects settle in the lower parts of the leaves. As a result, the foliage quickly turns yellow, then dries and dies, as the pests simply suck out all the nutrients from the plant.

Natural causes of drying leaves

This is especially true for large greenhouses and open areas where cucumbers are planted close to each other. This is a completely natural process, so you should not worry about it. On the contrary, experts recommend trimming the lower leaves with secateurs from time to time so that the plant does not waste nutrients on them. Let it better give more strength to the formation of juicy fruits.

In some cases, the yellowing of the leaves is due to natural process aging lashes. As a rule, the leaves begin to dry large sizes, which have been growing on the whip for quite a long time. They can be located both above and below. It should only be alert if the leaves die on very young cucumber lashes.

Improper feeding and watering

This is quite rare, since most gardeners still prefer to feed the plants abundantly, believing that this will increase the amount of the crop.

In the event that yellowish pale veins appear on the sheets, this may signal a lack of iron or manganese in the soil. If the upper, still quite young leaves are actively turning yellow, this indicates a lack of copper. But the yellowing of the edges of cucumber leaves along the contour indicates a lack of nutrients such as magnesium and potassium in the soil.

So, if the leaves first turn yellow and then dry quickly, this indicates insufficient watering. With a lack of moisture in the ground, the roots of cucumbers gradually begin to move closer to the surface of the earth. As a result, the entire whip begins to dry out along with the fruits. If the leaves begin to turn yellow and then rot, this already indicates an excess of moisture.

This usually happens if the intervals between waterings increase in a hot dry summer, resulting in overdried earthen clod can stay in this solid state for a long time. Or if the plants are watered often and plentifully, but at the same time the weather is not very hot outside.

Why do cucumber leaves turn yellow (video)

How to prevent yellowing leaves

What to do if the leaves of cucumbers dry up in a greenhouse or in a summer cottage?

It is urgent to take some measures, otherwise you may not save the crop at all. But it is best to prevent this process in time, without taking it to extremes. Therefore, it is extremely important to follow all preventive measures so that the leaves of cucumbers do not begin to turn yellow.

It is recommended to water the cucumbers as needed when the earth ball is completely dry. Fill the soil well so that it is soaked to a sufficient depth. After watering, it is recommended to cover the soil around the cucumbers with dry grass or leaves, which will ensure the retention of moisture in the ground and provide the roots with additional warmth and an influx of nutrients.

Fertilizers must be alternated, otherwise an excess of nutrients can lead to rapid development of the leaves and the absence of an ovary. An excellent fertilizer and at the same time a cure for fungal diseases is wood ash. She just needs to sprinkle the ground around the plants.

Another good option prevention of fungal diseases is a solution of soda. It is necessary to dilute approximately 1 tbsp. soda in 10 liters of water and water the beds with this solution. This should be done only at the end of June and July. An alkaline environment will not give any chance for the development of pathogens in the soil.

In order to stop the process of yellowing and drying of leaves on cucumber lashes, it is recommended to spray them with a very weak solution of potassium permanganate or kefir. 2 liters of kefir is diluted in 10 liters of warm water. The resulting composition is sprayed with leaves, fruits and stems of cucumbers. Such spraying can also be carried out for preventive purposes, since they do not bear any harm to plants or people.

So, why do cucumber leaves turn yellow in a greenhouse and on open area, Now it is clear. In any case, all dried leaves should not be spared and cut off. After all, if the cause lies in a fungal infection, it can easily move to other shoots and plants.

Cucumber diseases and their control (video)

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The forests near Moscow are sick. Spruces on private plots also suffer. Brown bald spots from dried trees catastrophically quickly increase in size. This can be seen especially well from an airplane. The situation is also bad with deciduous trees.

bark beetle

The bark beetle is destroying forests near Moscow before our eyes. This small bug manages to cope with huge trees. The bug turned out to be not as simple as it seems. Bark beetles (from the order Coleoptera) resemble weevils without an elongated tube on their heads. They have with them necessary set special "tools". For example, depressions with teeth on the elytra. Bark beetle larvae are thick and legless. They are white color with a big brown head. Bark beetles are family insects. Some species during the breeding season form monogamous families (male and female), others are supporters of polygamy (male and several females). In a monogamous family, the female equips the dwelling. She gnaws the passage herself and waits for the arrival of the male. In a polygamous family, the male has to work hard, gnawing out a spacious marriage chamber. After mating, he loses interest in "building". Now the females make their own uterine passages. Among bark beetles there are many "loafers" who are too lazy to build uterine passages themselves. For laying eggs, they use the empty tunnels of other bark beetles.

Beetles are primarily attracted to weakened (for one reason or another) trees. Females have an excellent sense of smell, effective at a distance of 500 - 1000 m. Males smell weaker. The sense of smell helps insects to choose the right type of wood of a certain condition. In the life of bark beetles, their tragedies happen. Worst of all are the pioneers, who often die because of the resin or sap of viable trees. The main part of the beetles moves to the trunk only when they catch the smell of the dust thrown out. They pounce on a weakened tree and populate it. Nature of activity different types bark beetles (the choice of wood species, the system of passages, etc.) is so individual that experts are able to classify the pest bark beetle “by handwriting”.

Spruce beetle (bark beetle-typographer)

Spruce beetle (bark beetle typographer) strikes coniferous trees. This insect rarely attacks pine and fir. Black and brown bug(body up to 5.5 mm in length) wakes up after hibernation in late April - early May (in the North - late May - early June) and begins to fly and crawl in search of a suitable spruce. This species devastates vast areas of forests in Western and Eastern Europe. In Asia, it is distributed in Siberia, on Far East, Sakhalin and Kamchatka. The beetle chooses a tree and attacks it. First of all, the male prepares the mating chamber. Females are included in the work later, they are responsible for the lateral uterine passages. In the branches are larval passages for pupae. Growing larvae gnaw lateral passages in the bast ( soft fabric under bark). A branched "bark beetle nest" appears. If it is destroyed, then the larvae die very quickly. Typographer bark beetle flies not only in spring (mass flight), but also in summer (in smaller numbers). Most of the beetles hibernate in warm leaf litter, so even in frosty winters only a small part of the bark beetle freezes. Those bugs that remain to winter on the trunk under the bark of a tree usually die.

Mass destruction of firs

What spruces are affected by the beetle? First of all, weakened. Strong and young - less often. healthy tree, attacked by a bark beetle, soon dies, as there is a total violation of the flow of water and nutrition from the roots to the crown due to damage to wood and bast. Inhabits the beetle and trees left after felling. It can be found even on stumps and in firewood. The mass activity of the bark beetle typographer, which rages in spruce forests, is associated with many factors. This is an increase in air temperature, drought, logging, dense spruce forests, continuous spruce plantations, etc. They die from it and ate in private plots. There is a high probability of introducing an insect when planting large trees. The spruce inhabited by the beetle, but not yet dead, is easy to notice by indirect signs. For example, a woodpecker willingly hammers a trunk. The bark beetle also attracts the nuthatch. Tiny round holes in the bark indicate that some of the beetles managed to fly out. Small sawdust on the bark and at the foot, wood "flour" indicate a tree that is actively developed by bark beetles. Often, brown needles (on spruce and fir) are also a sign of the presence of typographer beetles. The most unfavorable prognosis for a tree is bark that has peeled off or fallen from a tree, small brown sawdust on a bare trunk.

The bark beetle-typographer destroys the forests near Moscow. Especially in Dmitrovsky and Istrinsky districts. Weakened trees can die very quickly, in just a couple of weeks. Huge century-old fir trees last longer, but they are also hard to resist for a typographer. During the dry period, most of the spruce forest is at risk. In 2012, the bark beetle is incredibly active. Rains and a drop in air temperature will be able to stop the outbreak of the population. In cool (below + 17°C) damp weather, this insect is inactive.

What to do?

Ecologists attach great importance improvement of the sanitary condition of the forest. They do not consider chemical treatment a way out. There has been a lot of talk lately about pheromone traps that are supposed to attract beetles. In the Moscow region, such traps are placed in the forests at the end of April. The attitude of specialists towards them is ambiguous. Worst of all, the beetles attracted by the smell populate the fir trees that are on the way to the trap along the way. Sometimes it is advised to remember about immunomodulators (helping trees) and insecticides (to kill the bark beetle). Insecticides in the spring can be used to cultivate the land under spruce trees. Trying to poison a beetle that hides under the bark is a pointless exercise. Systemic drugs ("Aktara", "Aktellik", etc.) are also not always effective. In the spring they shed the ground under the spruce trees, later they spray the trunk and part of the crown. It is noticed that in mixed landings(with deciduous trees) there is less spruce beetle.

Not only forest spruces die from the bark beetle-typographer. Gets and city. Trees in private areas also suffer. Perhaps in these cases it is worth seeking help from a qualified dendrologist. Or plant (just in case) new young Christmas trees.

P.S. Spruces that are often given a cold “shower” are less likely to suffer from spruce beetle. This, of course, is possible only in private areas, in parks, but not in the forest. Until now, this method has helped me even when a bark beetle typographer was feasting in a neighboring forest.

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