Extremely harmful and very dangerous diseases fruit crops that damage the trunks and branches of fruit trees. With their strong development, the trees weaken and are not able to resist other fungal diseases and bacterial infections and often die.

Black cancer

• When infected, diseased shoots die off, and if the bole is damaged, then the whole tree dies. Leaves, flowers, bark, fruits are affected.
• Spots form on the leaves, on which the dead tissue is divided by concentric circles.
• The fruits shrivel and dry out, covered with numerous small black tubercles.
• There are reddish-brown, later darkening spots on the bark, which gradually expand and encircle the damaged part of the tree with a ring of dead tissue, which leads to the death of individual branches and the crown. On the affected cortex, correctly located concentric zones in the form of circles are visible.
• The disease develops in old neglected gardens. It is promoted by periodic freezing and cracking of the bark. Apple trees growing on heavy loamy soils are highly susceptible to black cancer.

Causes rot of trunks and large branches, often leading to the death of the tree. Symptoms of the disease are similar to black cancer.

Control measures

• Spraying trees against scab contributes to the fight against desiccation diseases;
• cutting out the affected areas of the cortex with a sharp knife, capturing healthy tissue and lubricating these places with disinfectant solutions (1% copper sulphate, 2% nitrafen);
• good care, rational system of fertilizer application, annual whitewashing of boles with a 20-25% solution of lime with the addition of 1% blue vitriol.

Brown spot of apple and pear (phyllosticosis)

Rounded brown spots form on the leaves, on the upper side of which small black dots form - spores of the fungus. With a severe infection, the leaves fall prematurely.

Control measures

Affects stone fruit crops. The injury is similar to a burn. Appears early in spring. The flowers turn brown, droop, after them the leaves wither and dry, annual shoots and the tree becomes, as it were, burnt. Shoots and flowers are covered with a gray fluffy coating. Infected fruits rot, become covered with ash-gray fungus sporulation pads, shrink and dry out over time. Cracks appear on the bark, from which gum flows.

Control measures

• Spraying with 3% nitrafen in early spring before bud break;
• before flowering, spraying with 1% Bordeaux mixture (100 g of copper sulfate and 100 g of lime per 10 liters of water) or 0.4% polycarbacin.

Klyasterosporiosis or perforated leaf spot

Everyone gets sick stone fruits. The causative agent is a fungus. Leaves, buds, flowers, fruits, young shoots are affected. Small spots appear on the leaves in early spring, first reddish-brown, then brown, with a blurry raspberry border. The spots grow rapidly, up to 2-5 mm in diameter, the fabric of them crumbles, forming holes. The leaves become "leaky", dry out and fall off. Gum is secreted in places where leaf petioles are damaged. When young shoots are affected, reddish spots form, the tissue in the places of the spots cracks, gum is released from the affected shoots, which flows down the shoot and solidifies in the form of a light yellow, vitreous mass. In diseased fruits, the pulp of the fetus stops growing and dries up to the very bone.

contributes to the development of the disease high humidity air. A severe defeat leads to damage to the fruit, weakening of the trees, and a decrease in yield.

Control measures

The leaves and fruits of cherries and sweet cherries are affected. Small rounded or irregular brownish-red spots appear on the leaves. Affected leaves dry up prematurely and fall off in mid-summer. Large brown sunken spots form on fruits. The fruits become tasteless, watery, low in sugar. With a strong defeat, premature leaf fall begins in the trees, and young trees are completely bare. Such trees freeze in winter.

Control measures

• Early spring spraying with 3% nitrafen, spraying with 1% Bordeaux liquid after flowering and after harvest.

The fruits become ugly, elongated, bag-shaped, there is no stone inside. The surface of the fruit in the middle of summer is covered with a whitish-grayish bloom (waxy) - the fruiting of the fungus.

Control measures

• Early spring cutting of affected shoots, burying fallen leaves;
• spraying trees during the budding period with 1% Bordeaux liquid or 0.4% copper oxychloride.

A widespread and dangerous disease. The causative agent is a fungus that infects the leaves, fruits, branches of a fruit tree. Blurry spots appear on the upper side of the leaves, with a velvety greenish-olive coating. With a strong infection, leaf fall is observed. Dry, leathery spots form on the fruits, under which the flesh cracks, and the fruit itself, with early infection, takes irregular shape. On the bark of shoots (especially in pears), spots first appear, and then the bark wrinkles and cracks. In some years, scab renders up to 50% of the crop unusable.

Scab is especially pronounced in years with wet and warm summers. A stronger development of the disease is observed in low, damp and poorly ventilated areas, on trees with a dense crown.

Control measures

• Spraying in early spring before bud break with 5% urea (treatment of trees and soil with fallen leaves), 3% nitrafen or 4% oleocuprite;
• in summer, spraying with 0.4% polycarbacin, 0.4% copper oxychloride, 0.4% polychom is effective (treatments should be carried out before flowering and 17-18 days after flowering of the Antonovka variety);
• autumn raking of leaves, their destruction (burning) and digging of trunk circles contributes to a significant death of the infection.

A disease caused by a fungus, ubiquitous on apple and pear trees. It begins with the appearance of a small brown spot, which grows very quickly and covers the entire fruit. The affected tissue of the fetus becomes loose, loses its taste and nutritional qualities. Large grayish-brown pads appear on the surface of the fruit, arranged in regular concentric circles. In the future, the infected fruits fall off or remain hanging on the tree, acquiring a brilliant black color - they become mummified.

The spread of the disease is facilitated by mechanical damage to the fruit - insect injections, hailstones. The disease is most pronounced, like scab, in years with wet and warm summers.

Control measures

• Spraying trees with fungicides used in the fight against scab helps to destroy fruit rot;
• collection and destruction of diseased fruits in summer.

The causative agent is a fungus that affects leaves, inflorescences and the ends of young shoots. In the affected areas, a white powdery coating is formed, which at first is easily erased, later on it is quite dense. With a strong infection, the shoots stop developing, the leaves curl and dry out.

Control measures

• Pruning and destruction of affected shoots and branches;
• spraying in the rosebud phase with 1% colloidal sulfur.

In the spring, the trees are carefully examined and various damage to the above-ground part (whitening sections of trunks and branches) is revealed. The degree of damage may vary. Of particular danger to the tree are ring damage to the trunk bark. It is necessary immediately after detection to tie the damaged areas with burlap or better plastic wrap so that the plant does not dry out. Later, a “bridge” vaccination is carried out.

Other diseases of fruit crops

In vain it is believed that apple trees are the most unpretentious trees and behind them ...

Main preparatory work to preserve the health and protection of the fetus ...

Powdery mildew, white and black spotting, rust are widely spread...

Widespread in Russia and the most dangerous are such raspberry diseases, ...

Apply chemicals protection on collective and individual...

Timely control of pests and diseases is the main task of gardening.

CHERRY
Cherry has a wide range of medicinal properties. Cherry leaves contain organic acids (malic and citric), tannins, coumarin, sucrose, dextrose, anthocyanins, vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, B9 ( folic acid). They have expectorant, diuretic, antiseptic, sedative and anticonvulsant effects. Their infusion is used for inflammation of the respiratory tract, for anemia, as a laxative for constipation, to reduce fermentation processes in the intestines and as a general tonic.
Cherry leaves also have a diuretic and astringent properties. They are used for nephrolithiasis, joint diseases, edema, diarrhea.
A decoction of young leaves is used for diarrhea, chronic colitis, and also in the complex treatment of intestinal atony. Vitamin tea is brewed from spring leaves, which has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and hemostatic effects.

People with gastritis or gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer with high acidity of gastric juice during the period of exacerbation of the disease should take decoctions and infusions with caution.

chokeberry
Chokeberry (chokeberry) has hypotensive, antispasmodic, diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, capillary-strengthening properties, and also lowers blood cholesterol levels, stimulates the homeostasis system.
It is indicated for hypertension of stages 1 and 2, various disorders in the blood coagulation system (hemorrhagic diathesis, capillary toxicosis), bleeding, atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, rheumatism, diabetes, allergic diseases.
The pectins contained in chokeberry, remove radioactive substances, heavy metals, pathogenic microorganisms from the human body, eliminate spasms, normalize bowel function. The contained complex of vitamins (a combination of vitamin P and C) helps to strengthen the walls of blood vessels, improves their elasticity and firmness.
In the formation of stones in the kidneys and urinary ducts, chokeberry leaves can exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Its hemostatic, laxative, diaphoretic actions are known. Rowan leaf tea is useful for kidney and liver diseases.

PEAR
The pear is rich in fructose, glucose and sucrose, organic acids, tannins, pectin, nitrogenous substances, carotene and vitamins of groups A, B, P, PP, C and B. Pear leaves contain a large number of iodine. Infusion of pear leaves has a diuretic, fixative, disinfectant, expectorant and antipyretic effect, helps to normalize the digestive tract.

APPLE TREE
The leaves of the apple tree, thanks to their rich chemical composition have many beneficial properties for the body: anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, improve metabolism in the body, are useful for edema.
The leaves of the apple tree, as well as the fruits, contain phenolic compounds that strengthen the walls of blood vessels, reduce their fragility and permeability, promote the absorption of vitamin C. Infusion of the leaves of the apple tree is used for colds, coughs, hoarseness, nephritis, bladder problems and kidney stones .

PLUM
Decoctions and lotions from the leaves of this plant are used by healers as a means for healing wounds.
Plum fruits and leaves contain coumarins. These substances have the ability to prevent thrombosis and have a therapeutic effect on already existing thrombosis. The effect exerted contributes to the expansion of the coronary vessels.

MAPLE
Maple leaves contain essential oil, betuloretinic acid, saponins, tannins, hyperoside, carotene, essential oil, vitamin C, phytoncides. Young maple leaves have a white sweetish, pleasant-tasting sticky juice rich in vitamin C, which has antiscorbutic, tonic, choleretic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, tonic, analgesic and diuretic effects.
Clen is an excellent antidepressant, it relieves nervous tension caused by stress, reduces aggression, harmonizes, leads to the restoration of energy, enriches the body with useful substances. In addition, this is an excellent drug for crushing stones in the bladder, kidneys.

There are no contraindications for clen.

HAZEL
Hazel (hazelnut) leaves contain sucrose, essential oil, myricitrosil, vitamins. Hazel is a laxative, so it is used for constipation. The plant has antipyretic and astringent properties. Hazel is used as a means that dilates blood vessels. This is medicinal plant dissolves kidney stones, stimulates all body functions.

Tinctures and decoctions of hazel leaves can increase blood pressure.

STRAWBERRY
Infusion of garden and wild strawberry leaves have a tonic, sedative, vasodilating, tonic, hematopoietic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, choleretic, anti-sclerotic, hypoglycemic properties. Inside it is taken as a tonic, antispasmodic for neurasthenia, leukemia, enuresis, polymenorrhea, laryngeal carcinomas. Infusion of leaves slows down the rhythm and increases the amplitude of heart contractions, dilates blood vessels, and helps to remove salts from the body. In scientific medicine, an infusion of strawberry leaves is recommended to be taken to reject necrotic masses in decaying tumors.
AT folk medicine leaf infusion is used for gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, colitis, hypertension, weakness of the heart, palpitations, kidney disease, liver, edema, neurasthenia, insomnia, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, gout, stones in the liver and kidneys, skin rashes, rickets, scrofula, hemorrhoids. Also, the infusion is taken for colds, which are accompanied by high fever and cough, for anemia, beriberi, hepatitis, diarrhea, atonic constipation, diseases of the spleen.
Outwardly, an infusion of strawberry leaves is used as a rinse for purulent inflammation of the mouth and throat, as compresses for the treatment of weeping, bleeding wounds that do not heal for a long time.

CURRANT
Currant is a storehouse of vitamins.
The berries and leaves of this unique plant contain provitamin A, essential vitamins B and P, as well as pectin substances that are important for the body, healthy sugars, phosphoric acid, carotene and essential oil. Currant leaves contain a large amount of magnesium, phytoncides, manganese, silver, sulfur, lead and copper.
Currant leaves are used to treat diseases of the liver, respiratory tract. Leaf infusions perfectly increase immunity and resistance colds. They have a general strengthening and antiseptic properties thanks to the contained tannins and biologically active substances, vitamins and essential oils. The leaves of this shrub contain more vitamin C than its berries, so they are used for gout, gastritis, and also for cardiovascular diseases. Traditional medicine strongly recommends the use of decoctions for eye diseases and various dermatitis.

Due to the high content of unique phenolic compounds and vitamin K, the use of currants is contraindicated in thrombophlebitis.

RASPBERRY
Raspberries are an invaluable treasure for health.
It contains in its composition five organic acids: salicylic, malic, citric, formic, caproic. Raspberries are rich in tannins, pectin, nitrogenous substances, potassium, copper salts, vitamin C, carotene, and essential oils.
Raspberry leaves have antipyretic, diaphoretic, antitoxic and hemostatic effects. Infusions of raspberry leaves are used for colds, acute respiratory infections, influenza, sciatica, fever and neuralgia. They are also an ingredient in the preparation of diaphoretic teas. Raspberry leaves are also used for atherosclerosis, diseases of the kidneys, stomach, intestines, hypertension and heart dysfunction, diarrhea and bleeding. An infusion of raspberry leaves can be used to gargle the throat and mouth with various inflammatory processes.

Use with caution in nephritis and gout.

BLACKBERRY
Leaves are best harvested during the flowering of the plant. They especially contain a lot of tannins, leucoanthocyanides, flavanols, ascorbic acid, important amino acids and minerals. Blackberry tea improves metabolism and is an excellent remedy for diabetes.
With gastritis and gastric bleeding, a decoction of blackberry leaves is especially useful. An infusion on blackberry leaves is used in the treatment of atherosclerosis and hypertension, as a sedative in hysterical conditions. Such an infusion is also recommended for rinsing in the treatment of sore throats, inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa, in diseases of the upper respiratory tract (has an expectorant effect), and in pulmonary bleeding. Also, an infusion of blackberry leaves is used for too heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding, normalizes sleep, reduces excitability, and improves well-being.

MINT
Mint leaves have antispasmodic, sedative, choleretic, antiseptic, analgesic, weak hypotensive properties. It improves appetite, enhances the secretion of the digestive glands and bile secretion, reduces the tone of the smooth muscles of the intestines, as well as the biliary and urinary tract.
An infusion or tea made from mint leaves is indicated for nausea. various origins, vomiting (including in pregnant women), gastrointestinal spasms, heartburn, diarrhea, flatulence, spasms in the gallbladder, biliary and urinary tract, cholecystitis, cholangitis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis, states of nervous excitement, insomnia, pain in the heart , cough, to increase appetite.
Also, infusion and tea from mint inhibit fermentation processes in the digestive tract and, by relieving spasms of the smooth muscles of the intestine, contribute to the free passage of food. Due to the fact that mint stimulates the bile-forming function of the liver and enhances the secretion of other digestive glands, its preparations (infusion or tea) will be useful for those people who have poorly digested fatty foods.

In some people, the pungent smell of mint preparations can cause respiratory distress, bronchospasm, pain in the heart area. In the treatment of the upper respiratory tract in children under 5 years of age, drugs containing menthol should not be used, as this can lead to reflex respiratory arrest! Peppermint should not be used by people with increased nervousness or insomnia. You can not use mint for people with low blood pressure (arterial hypotension). It is not recommended to use it for men either, as it can reduce male libido. Mint should be avoided by people suffering from drowsiness. With infertility, mint can not be used either.

MELISSA
Lemon balm leaves contain essential oil, tannins, bitterness, sugar, succinic, oleanolic, ursolic acids, mineral salts. Melissa has sedative, antispasmodic, carminative, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and analgesic properties. It stimulates the appetite and secretion of digestive juices, relieves tension in the smooth muscles of the intestine. In folk medicine, lemon balm is used for nervous excitement, insomnia, hysterical seizures, poor digestion, palpitations, vegetative-vascular dystonia, anemia, painful menstruation, dizziness, delayed menstruation, gout, as an antiemetic for pregnant women.

Despite the low content of toxins, taking lemon balm is not desirable in case of hypotension. Also, using lemon balm for treatment, one should abandon those serious activities that require a good mental reaction, maximum attention and concentration. Among the possible side effects using the plant, vomiting and nausea, muscle weakness, fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness, diarrhea, convulsions, heartburn, lethargy and loss of concentration, itching, constipation, etc. are possible.

PINE
Pine is a truly healing tree.
It is rich in chlorophyll, carotene, vitamin K, phytoncides, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes. Infusions and concentrates are prepared from it for the prevention and treatment of hypo- and beriberi. Also, infusions of pine shoots are used as a disinfectant, expectorant and diuretic.
Swollen and not yet blossomed pine buds (pine shoots) are accumulators of biologically active substances: resins, essential oils, starch, bitter and tannins, mineral salts. Decoction and infusion of pine buds have long been treated for rickets, chronic inflammation of the bronchi, rheumatism, chronic rashes. Infusions of pine shoots help to remove stones, they have diuretic and choleretic properties and reduce inflammatory processes in the bladder. Extracts of pine buds kill the pathogenic microflora of the nasopharynx and oral cavity. The decoction is used for inhalation in pulmonary diseases.

Non-infectious diseases of trees - how to deal with them?

​Related Articles​

• This pest, resembling a small bee, cracks down on the middle of the ovaries. Its wintering takes place in the soil, and it flies out from there about five days before the blooming of apple flowers. Females lay eggs in buds and flowers - each with 80 pieces. Twenty-legged larvae crawl into the fruit, eating the seeds. Because of this, the ovaries fall and the crop is lost.
• The fungus overwinters in autumn fallen leaves. If the spring is rainy, then it is activated. And with a cool and humid summer, it rejoices at all. He also loves a dense crown. So we remove extra branches, fallen apples, burn autumn leaves. In autumn, we sprinkle copper sulphate on the crown, and in spring (before bud break) - Bordeaux liquid. More a good drug for autumn processing is a solution of nitrate with urea.
• On this I say goodbye to you, dear readers. She told only about some types of diseases of fruit crops. Those that she herself encountered.
• - the release of a jelly-like liquid with the formation of small hollows and sagging. Occurs due to increased reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. A factor contributing to the strengthening of external manifestations is insufficient care for wounds on the bark, high humidity, and cold summers. They get rid of it by cleaning the affected area with a knife, followed by its treatment with garden pitch. I don’t advise you to take gum treatment lightly: with amber “tears”, plums, cherries, cherries lose their strength and useful substances.
• It is best if wounds begin to heal in the spring. And the treatment of fruit trees of the trunk begins with a rough treatment of the wound. In autumn, the damage should be temporarily covered with a special mixture to avoid the influence of frost and sunlight.

• DNOC - 200 g for every 10 liters of water;
• The fight against this type of disease must begin in early spring and carried out using the composition "Topaz" as follows:
• black cancer;

​fruit rot. It is not so difficult to notice it - brown spots appear on the leaves, which grow quickly and flow to the fruits. Fruits infected with this disease rot, change shape and fall or dry out. If the fruits remain on the tree, then next season they will begin to form spores that can infect a new crop. In this case, as in the case of scab, spraying with a solution of urea will help, as well as treatment with lime "milk", for the preparation of which you need to dissolve 1.5 kg of lime in 10 liters of water.

Another "mushroom" problem - "​

In the treatment of fruit tree trunks, hollows are of particular difficulty. Since ancient times, people have tried to help the tree, trying all sorts of ways. They all start with cleaning, disinfection measures. Then comes the resin treatment. After that, the hollow is filled with pebbles and cemented with a special composition. After all the procedures, when the filling dries, its edges are processed oil paint, necessarily on natural drying oil. It is impossible to use gasoline for processing, as it penetrates deep into the thickness of the tree and over time the hollow will become even larger. Properly carried out treatment of fruit tree trunks will help rid it of many diseases.

Suspension of colloidal sulfur - 100 g for every 10 liters of water.

Infectious diseases and their treatment

The substance is diluted in a ratio of 2 ml per 10 liters;

scab;

Leaf spotting. This disease most often manifests itself in the form of light-colored spots with black dots on the leaves. The tissue affected by the disease soon falls out, leaving behind holes in the leaves, the bark of the diseased tree cracks, wounds appear on the trunk, releasing gum. Young shoots weaken due to spotting, become more susceptible to cold and frost, and yields also decrease. If the plant is not sprayed in time, it may die.

To avoid such problems, we must not forget about the importance of conducting agrotechnical measures in the garden, which will ensure the timely preparation of plants for cold weather.​

Shoots stop growing and developing;

To prevent trouble, measures are taken in advance. So, when buying seedlings, they turn only to those nurseries whose goods are reliable and tested (otherwise you can buy an infected tree). When the apple trees take root, you need to take care of them regularly: loosen the ground near the trunks, weed weeds, cut off dried branches, remove leaves with apples that have fallen (and immediately). And thin out the crown regularly.

If a grayish coating appears on leaves, twigs, flowers, then it's time to sound the alarm. The spores of the fungus penetrate the tissues of the plant, preventing it from developing. Apples wrinkle and dry up before ripening. The ovaries may not appear at all.

My opinion: for a garden to be healthy, it needs to be looked after. Do not neglect pruning, processing, do not be lazy to destroy spoiled fruits. witch's broom

• Our company employs experienced, highly qualified employees who will not only be able to correctly diagnose a diseased tree, but also restore its health and youth.​
• Another way to minimize the likelihood of a disease of this type is to collect all rotten fruits and systematically destroy them. This operation should be carried out daily. Apples should be disposed of as far from the site as possible. It is advisable not to bury them in the ground and not throw them away, but simply burn them. So you can completely destroy the pathogenic fungus, leading to the appearance of rot.
• Even before flowering, the tree trunk is processed with this composition;

powdery mildew;

The main problem is the resulting gum wounds, which are dangerous because another infection can get into them. That is why they need to be treated with a solution of copper sulphate (100 g of product per 10 liters of water), and at the end with garden pitch, which will protect the open space on the tree from diseases. Preventive measures are simple - thin out the crown in time. Before the buds swell, be sure to treat the plant with a solution of ferrous sulfate (500 g of the product per 10 l of water) and spray with a solution of nitrofen (dissolve 300 g of the product in 10 l of water).

So, for example, to prevent frost burns, clean the tree from old bark, and treat the skeletal stems with a mixture of 20% milk of lime and a 3.5% solution of copper sulphate. In the spring, the treatment is repeated again. So that the plants do not suffer from frost, before the winter cold, tree trunks are tied with spruce paws, straw and white paper.

Preventive measures against diseases

Drying leaves deprive the plant of important "building" elements - phosphorus and nitrogen;

The recipe for making Bordeaux liquid is here;

• This fungus also loves wet spring and warm summers. But when the frost is minus 27, he dies. It is necessary to remove all diseased shoots and burn. For treatment, colloidal liquid sulfur is taken. Buds are sprayed with a two percent liquid, ovaries - one percent. The third time we process the apple tree in a couple of weeks, also with two percent sulfur. Or use copper (iron) vitriol, Bordeaux liquid is also good.
• It is difficult for a bad owner to make out what happened to the trees: one sore clings to another. You look, and there is no harvest. But it's not about us.
• ​". From one area, weakened branches with small, fragile yellow-red leaves grow in a bunch. Closer to July, a matte gray coating appears on the wrong side - spores. Together with the wind, they fall on other shoots and infect them. To prevent the formation of panicles in spring and autumn, diseased bunches are cut and burned. At the same time, preventive treatment with copper sulfate is carried out.
• ​Prices for services tel. 8-985-996-59-95
• To avoid a situation in which the leaves on the apple tree become covered with brown spots, you should perform various kinds preventive work.​
• After flowering, the plant also needs to be processed.
• Fruit rot.

​Instead of fighting diseases of garden plants, it is better to provide high-quality protection of trees from diseases. In other words, you need to carry out preventive work, thanks to which you can save a lot of your time and effort.​

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Diseases of apple trees in the photo and how to treat them

There are a lot of tree diseases, and their treatment is individual in each case. Experienced gardeners diseases are easily distinguished by their characteristic features, which allows them to accurately determine the method of treatment, but young gardeners first need to know these very signs. And only then spray the plants with suitable means for protection.

Varieties of diseases of the apple tree

After several fruiting seasons, when the fruits absorb the remaining moisture, the tree may die;

• We work in the area. We are building a booth for a dog: derevo-s.ru/budka-dlya-sobaki.​
• Chronic disease occurs after damage to the bark and branches caused by cold, pruning or rodent teeth. Infection is possible in weather from 2 to 30 degrees Celsius. A diseased tree does not develop and cannot fully feed. Its bark is cracking, branches and trunk are overgrown with growths. Infected parts die and wither.​
• What do you think? Are you doing well in the garden? Are you doing everything on time? Please answer in the comments. Recommend the article to friends on social networks. Someone else's experience will help to avoid mistakes!​
• Since apple and pear are related varieties, their diseases are also the same. I’ll only talk about those with whom I had to deal.

Find out the cost of work:

Black cancer

First of all, they include inspection of the tree trunk. The trunk should be as even as possible, the presence of any cracks and other defects is not allowed. This also applies to leaves and fruits. Even if the symptoms of any diseases appeared only on one or two leaves or apples, the whole range of measures should be taken to disinfect the plant. Perhaps this will save him from death.

• Also, instead of the drug "Topaz" you can use "Hom". It should be diluted in an amount of 40 g per 10 liters of water and sprayed on the plant stem before and after flowering. Excellent results gives colloidal sulfur, which is diluted in the amount of 80 g per bucket of water. It is very important not to overdo it with the compositions indicated above. This can lead to a burn of the bark and foliage.
• Each disease is dangerous in its own way. When the slightest signs of disease appear, it is necessary to immediately begin to treat the plant.
• Basic rules for protecting the garden:

Scab. This disease is considered one of the most common. It is quite simple to determine the scab - brown spots form on the leaves, and after a few weeks the leaves begin to fall off. Fruits lose their appearance- black blotches appear on apples. Blisters can be seen on the shoots. The main problem with scab is that an infected tree develops very slowly, it can freeze in winter and bloom very poorly.

• Leaves begin to fall prematurely;
• And in the spring, the trunks of all trees should not be too lazy to whiten. And prepare Bordeaux liquid by spraying apple trees with it until they bloom. You can also use copper sulphate for this purpose. And one more thing: all wounds and cuts on branches and trunks must be treated without fail - for example, with garden pitch.

We treat the apple tree like this: carefully cut out all the sore spots, and treat fresh sections with an antiseptic composition (you can use copper sulphate). Top with garden pitch. No pitch - take oil paint. And in winter, so that the hares do not eat the trunk, we wrap it with corn or sorghum tops - it helps well.

Scab

Ruddy and fragrant apples are an excellent delicacy, and also very healthy. And pectin in them, and iron, and a host of other minerals with vitamins. And in order to taste pure fruits, where there are guaranteed no nitrates, it is best to grow an apple orchard yourself. By the way, on our planet the area of ​​such gardens is only slightly less than that of vineyards and olive groves. They take the third place - they even got ahead of the orange plantations.​

scab

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• Growing an apple tree is quite difficult, despite the unpretentiousness of most of its varieties. That is why it is necessary to carefully monitor its condition. Since with untimely treatment for the described diseases, you can lose not only the crop, but also the tree itself.
• A disease such as powdery mildew is dangerous because it damages young shoots and buds of an apple tree.
• Diseases of apple trees and their treatment (photos can be found on the Internet) are very diverse. The most common is "black cancer". Such a disease can be identified by the following symptoms:

never bring it into the garden fruit bushes and other plants that are already infected;

powdery mildew

The fight against this disease must be serious. In March, gardeners carry out an eradicating spraying of the soil near the trunks with a solution of sulfate (1 l) and urea (700 ml). A solution of nitrophoska is also suitable (dissolve 1 kg of the product in 10 liters of water). The consumption of the mixture for spraying an adult tree is an average of 4 liters. You can use Bordeaux liquid for spraying the garden. In this case, the processing is carried out twice a year - in early spring and after the petals fall. The main thing is to prepare the solution correctly. So, for the first spraying, mix 300 ml of copper sulfate and lime in 10 liters of water, for the second - 100 ml each in the same volume of water. Such treatment will be very effective.

The tree becomes more susceptible to diseases and pests.

​– fungal origin, looks like spots, at first yellowish, small in size. Over time, the foliage turns black, falls off. If you do not fight the scab, it goes to apples. This is especially noticeable in old gardens: they met fruits covered with dense gray-brown spots with cracked skin. To prevent the spread of the fungus, every autumn, damaged shoots are cut out and burned on old plantings, and the ground around the trunks is dug up. Starting in spring, spraying is carried out (about 6 times per season with the same frequency), alternating Bordeaux mixture with other preparations.

Greetings, dear readers and subscribers! Autumn has come. It's time to start working on the site. Remove and burn the foliage, cut off excess shoots, form a crown. And carefully inspect the possessions: diseases fruit trees and their treatment is the most relevant topic for me at the moment.​

Trees are living organisms and therefore can also get sick. Timely treatment of diseases of fruit trees will help save the plant from death. Often the disease occurs because the integrity of the cortex is broken, there is not enough water or, conversely, there is too much of it. Even minor damage and improper care can lead to illness.

This type of apple leaf disease is characterized by an extremely rapid spread. A tree under the influence of a fungus that causes a disease can die in just one month. It also often happens that the mycelium survives cold winter in the trunk of the plant and after the thaw begins to act with renewed vigor, destroying the fruit tree from the inside.

The appearance of black spots on the leaves - their number and size are growing every day;

• Be sure to remove the excess crown and diseased shoots, also avoiding dense plantings;
• However, the best protection for trees is preventive measures Any gardener will tell you so. Therefore, be sure to practice foliar feeding of the plant with a solution of urea - about 60 g of the product per bucket of water. It is also necessary to collect the fruits affected by the disease in time and destroy them. Be careful in the spring - as soon as the snow melts, scrape off the remaining foliage with shoots and burn them. And during the season, cut out the branches that you think are diseased so that the sore does not transfer to healthy parts of the trees.

Garden plants with ornamental leaves

In addition, there are special ready-made products that save you from pests and fungal diseases. There are many varieties of them - it is important to have time to do the processing on time. It is carried out in two steps:

Flower beetle

And now about the most delicious - apples. They appear 8-12 years after planting and can be either round or laterally flattened, varying in weight. There are fruits reaching up to a kilogram, but there are also small varieties, the size of a nut or cherry. The color shades of ripe apples are also varied, which include the entire yellow-green and red-orange gamut. Only cold colors of fruits are not found - blue, for example. Or purple.

How to fight apple cancer - video

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Treatment of fruit trees

Powdery mildew

She spent all the summer months in the battle for the harvest: she got rid of aphids, whiteflies, garden ants. And now I found signs of infection on the bark. So, the fight continues!​

Tree disease control measures

The most common diseases today are varieties of spotting, cancer (root and black), scab, fruit rot, etc.

For the treatment of apple trees from a disease of the type in question, the following drugs can be used:

The presence of black rot on fruits;

Try to avoid mechanical damage, protect trees from severe frosts and sunburn;

Black cancer is another disease of fruit trees that requires effective treatment. This sore affects the bark, stems, shoots, leaves and fruits. The disease is quite easy to see - black spots form on the leaves and fruits, red spots on the bark, which eventually become covered with pores. The main problem is that as a result of the appearance of pores, the bark can crack and as a result fall off, forming wounds. If the disease is not treated, it will lead to the death of the tree.

How to treat wounds on a tree?

Spraying grapes in autumn with iron sulphate

Initially, trees are sprayed before they bloom. The level is a green cone. At the same time, pests crawling out of the ground and from under the bark die, and the development of diseases is stopped.

This is a dark brown bug with a long proboscis nose. Wintering in the bark and fallen leaves, it lays larvae inside the tender buds and buds of the apple tree, eating them from the inside along the way. Signs: juice dripping from the kidneys, buds with leaves that have not opened.

Can a hollow be cured?

Apple trees grow everywhere, preferring a temperate climate. They can be seen high in the mountains (up to a thousand meters) and on the edge of the forest in middle lane, in Central Asia, in the Crimea, in Europe (where apple trees are found in the wild). AT natural conditions trees grow from seeds, and cultivars are propagated by seedlings living in special nurseries. The age of trees can reach 100-150 years, but active fruiting usually lasts no more than 60-70 years.

- for me, a resident of the southern region, the most familiar disease. It's hard to get rid of her. The fungus easily passes to other species. It affects more often young shoots, blossoming buds, then fruits. The photo shows how the infected areas look like: the green mass, covered with white bloom, curls, fades, crumbles. Prevention and treatment are the same as for scab.

Fruit crops are quite vulnerable. Moreover, often the same misfortune destroys related varieties. For example, the following diseases appear on plums, cherries and cherries.

Every gardener can try to prevent diseases in his garden. To do this, it is necessary to rake fallen leaves every autumn and preferably burn them. You can, if desired, put it on compost.

"Topaz";

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Diseases of fruit trees and their treatment: how to improve the garden

Darkening of the bark of a tree, the appearance of multiple cracks on its surface, its eversion in the opposite direction.

In the autumn it is necessary to dig up the soil, and in the spring it is necessary to loosen the soil;

Damage to stone fruit crops

If you notice black cancer on a plant, immediately spray the trees with Bordeaux liquid (1%). But the most important thing here is to heal the wound. First of all, we clean the bark - carefully cut the bark with a knife until healthy wood appears. Then the cleaned place must be disinfected using a solution of ferrous sulfate (we dilute 20 g of the product in 1 liter of water) or copper oxychloride. After the bark dries, we treat the wound with garden pitch.

• Spraying the garden in winter The second time they do this, when the apple trees have faded, and the ovaries of fruits are visible on the branches. At the same time, insects are again destroyed (this time we protect the ovaries) and fungal spores that can scatter.
• To deal with the villain, we will pull up the sheet and shake off the bugs when the buds swell. And then we drown them in water. You need to do this four times, until the thermometer shows plus 10. Then, when the buds begin to open, we take a weak (0.2%) solution of chlorophos - and on the crown. By the way, if you wish, you can get strong seedlings from apple seeds yourself. To do this, we will use the method of monks growing apple orchards near the Valaam Monastery. You need to take ripe grains, be sure to rinse thoroughly and plant in the ground. This is done at the end of summer, and well-hardened seedlings will germinate in spring. We immediately remove the wilds - they are noticeable by their too bright green color and thorns on the trunks.

big trouble

The development of especially dangerous infections is prevented by timely treatment for powdery mildew and scab. That is why in unkempt plantings there are trees with ugly trunks, basal growths.

• Gray rot After all the leaves have been removed from the site, the trunk circles are dug up. In addition, the treatment of fruit trees involves spraying with special agents on dormant buds. You can treat the soil in the same way. Features of the treatment of fruit trees in the fall are spraying tree trunks in order to destroy pests. How many times and how to carry it out will be prompted by a specialist after an examination.
• "Skor".​​Treatment of black cancer of an apple tree must be carried out with the help of Bordeaux liquid - it processes the affected areas on the trunk. But this operation is necessary only after flowering trees. In order to avoid the occurrence of a disease of this kind, it is worth conducting preventive work. This will make it possible to save a maximum of plants. Black spots on the leaves of the apple tree cannot be eliminated, but you can simply prevent their appearance: Try to collect fallen leaves every evening;

"Mushroom" problems

Powdery mildew. The main symptom is a white coating, which at first can be removed quite simply. If you do not provide high-quality protection to fruit trees, the infected areas will begin to die off, the tree will stop developing, the leaves will fall off. The infection most often affects the lower leaves first, slowly flowing upwards, gradually affecting the fruits, which leads to their rapid decay.

• We recommend you check out To diversify varieties, ennoble wilds and breathe new strength into old trees, they are grafted. To do this, you need a cutting from a healthy apple tree: a branch about 30-35 centimeters long, growing upwards. It is cut at an acute angle, doing it in the fall or early winter (in extreme cases, very early in the spring, before the juice appears in the kidneys). They store the scion stalk where it is cold and damp.
• Codling moth Apple trees are unpretentious and grow on almost any soil. However, most of all they love well-manured soil with enough potassium, as well as the sun in good doses. Slight frosts and lack of water are not able to harm. But what is detrimental to the apple tree is the close presence of groundwater. At the same time, the roots rot, and the tree cannot be saved in any way. If you have such a situation on the site, and you want apples, then choose dwarf varieties, whose roots are small.

dangerous neighbor

These are different types of cancer.

(moniliosis, monilial burn) - a fungus that affects shoots and buds immediately after flowering begins. Externally, the plant looks like it has been scorched by fire. In summer, a gray coating forms on the fruits, the berries fall off or dry out. Favorable conditions - cool, rainy summer. Treatment is reduced to sawing and burning damaged branches and all parts of fruit crops. It inhibits the spread of rot by early spring and autumn spraying with Bordeaux liquid.

• Spraying must be done several times a year: The compositions in question should be diluted in a quantitative ratio of 2 mg for every 10 liters of water. In this case, the processing is best done using a special spray gun in early spring, before flowering. After that, without fail, it will be necessary to treat the tree with copper chloride, for which a drug called "Hom" is perfect. It should be diluted in the amount of 40 g per bucket of water.
• fight small pests; Do not over-fertilize the soil - this can also lead to diseases;

​The development of powdery mildew occurs mainly in the warm season in conditions of sharp temperature fluctuations and high humidity.​

However, an excess of moisture can also adversely affect the development of plants. The most known disease caused by excess fluid is called dropsy. Its main symptoms include:

It is necessary to graft when the juices in the tree are most active - in spring or summer. There are dozens of methods for this. The easiest way is to graft behind the bark (into a cut made in depth) or into a split (splitting a prepared branch cut). They try to press the cutting tightly against the stock, and then they coat everything with garden pitch and wrap it with a tape of soft material.

A gray inconspicuous striped butterfly emerges from the cocoon in June, immediately laying eggs on the inside of the leaves, after 10 days pink caterpillars appear from them. They are our apples and spoil, climbing inside. And then (about a month later) they go to winter in a cocoon. Fallen under the bark or under the leaves.

In order for the apple tree to please you with its wonderful fruits every year (by the way, up to 300 kilograms per season can be harvested from an adult tree), you need to take care of it. Water when dry, protect against rodents, feed. And protect from diseases and all sorts of harmful caterpillars with worm bugs. More on this later.​

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Diseases of apple trees and their treatment: photos and signs of diseases, pests and their control

​Black​

Acquaintance with the apple tree

Hole spotting

1. Blue spraying in the green cone or budding phase. 2. If necessary, the trees are treated after they have faded. 3. The last spraying is carried out 20 days before harvesting.​

Sometimes, after performing the above actions, the plant visually looks normal, there are no signs of the disease on it. It is mandatory to collect all the fruits. To minimize the likelihood of recurrence of the disease, you should also perform treatment with Bordeaux liquid - a 1% solution. A solution of copper sulphate is also perfect. It should be mixed in an amount of 50 g per bucket of water, while adding 20 g liquid soap.​

Fertilize and disinfect the soil appropriately.

Do not leave plant debris and heaps of garbage in the garden.

Often the disease appears after overfeeding the plant nitrogen fertilizers. One of the most important conditions in the fight against powdery mildew is the removal of diseased shoots. The second stage of protection is the use of phosphate fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Be sure to spray the trees with fungicides, the most effective of which is Topaz. There are also several folk recipes that can protect against powdery mildew:

Sudden fall of healthy leaves;

How to properly vaccinate in a split in the spring, look at the video:

Scab on an apple tree - how to fight?

We fight like this: before the buds swell, we clean the tree from the dead bark, which must be burned. And when the tree fades, we prepare a solution (water 10 liters plus lime 40 grams plus arsenic-acid calcium 30 grams). We spray twice - how the apple tree will bloom and how the extra ovaries will fall off.

Do you want to get fruits earlier - five or six years after planting seedlings? There is one way, which consists in the regular feeding of young animals with weak nitrogen fertilizers (certainly liquid). A tablespoon of ammonium nitrate goes to a bucket of water. In June, trees are fed weekly, and in July - twice a month. So until they begin to bear fruit.

- apple trees get sick more often than pears. The beginning of the current is accompanied by the formation of brown dents on the bark, in the forks of branches. Over time, the trunk acquires a “burnt” appearance, the stem crumbles, flakes off, exposing black wood. The ovaries, foliage darken and fall. After 3-4 years, the whole tree disappears. Treatment and prevention - meticulous care behind the garden, in the early stages - autumn cleaning of wounds with a knife, followed by disinfection with copper sulfate and treatment with garden pitch. By and large, it is better to saw out and burn the infected parts.

powdery mildew

(klyasterosporiosis) - the name makes it clear what kind of green shoots it takes on. One summer, the peach looked riddled with shot. Then all the greens with flowers and ovaries simply fell off. I was left without a crop, but I saved the garden. The fungus receded the following year after repeated spring processing at the stage of the kidneys - iron sulfate, after the appearance of buds - Bordeaux liquid.

All work on the treatment of fruit trees associated with the use of solutions is best entrusted to specialists. They will determine exactly when to conduct them and at what interval.​

Apple bark disease - common cancer (European)

Why do apple tree leaves turn yellow in June? The reason for this may be the most common fruit rot. Despite the name, it affects not only the apples themselves, but also the leaves. However, the main sign of the presence of this type of disease is the presence of severe damage to the fetus.

Often, this kind of event becomes enough to prevent infection of the tree with black cancer. If there are any plants on the site that were nevertheless affected by this disease, it is necessary to cut off the black sections of the bark and branches, and then burn them outside the site.

Pests of apple trees and methods of dealing with them: codling moth, flower beetle, sawfly

But, if you suddenly find any signs of infection in the garden, be sure to carry out tree spraying activities to prevent the development of diseases and preserve the crop.

• Pour 100 g of ash with a liter of boiling water and leave the mixture for a day. After that, strain and add a little soap diluted in water. Spray the trees with this solution twice at weekly intervals;

Death of shoots (if you do not start fighting the disease, the tree itself will die in a couple of years);

If rodents have severely gnawed your apple tree, grafting with a “bridge” can save it. Why take several cuttings aged 1 year. They need to be inserted below and above the place where there is damage. Then everything is smeared and fixed. In a month there should be the first leaves.

• Not bad help from the codling moth unbelted in the summer, special trapping belts. They can be used from July. A good bait for caterpillars is dried fruit compote or kvass. You can also pour whey from milk.

Let us dwell on the three diseases of this plant, which are most common. All of them are called different types fungi.

Bacterial

The infection settles not only on the branches, but also on the trunk.

• Trees may be damaged different kind, depending on them and the wounds are divided into groups. Without going into detail on small details, we can say that all wounds are of two types: resulting from infection and as a result of mechanical damage.

A disease of this type is the most dangerous, since its presence can only be detected after the end of the flowering process, when spoiled fruits are found. Fighting fruit rot is quite difficult - it damages apples even before they ripen. The best way out of the situation is to simply prevent the onset of the disease.

One of the most common questions of gardeners: scab on an apple tree - how to deal with it? This disease is easy to identify. It appears almost immediately after the plant is infected. The first sign of infection is rust on the leaves of the apple tree. If possible, it is necessary to start fighting the disease as soon as possible.

We carry out prevention

Rust on apple leaves, as well as other defects on various parts plants indicate the presence of the disease. If such symptoms are found, urgent measures should be taken.

• Fresh mullein may also help. To prepare the solution, take 3 liters of manure, fill it with water and leave the mixture for a couple of days, stirring occasionally. After this time, strain the solution through a cloth and dilute again with water in a ratio of 1:10. It is advisable to spray the trees with such a solution in the evening to avoid sunburn. It must be remembered that only fresh mullein will be effective, and therefore the solution must be prepared before each use;
• The fruits become tasteless and quickly deteriorate;

So, apple trees are not capricious trees and do not require anything special. If you treat them carefully and protect them from misfortunes, then for decades they will gratefully delight with apples - sweet and delicious. And enough for jam, and for marshmallow, and eat fresh.

Sawfly

It is this infection that most often attacks apple trees. It is not fatal, but can affect yields. Yes, and affected apples are not stored at all and do not have a presentation. The disease begins with spots on the underside of the leaves. They are greenish brown. And then brown spots appear on the fruits, turning into a hard crust over time.

• - ugly growths form on the roots and in the root region, they grow over time. Caused by a bacterium that lives in the soil. It is difficult to get rid of it, seedlings with signs of cancer are burned. Prevention - disinfection garden tools in a formalin solution, the use of potash and phosphorus fertilizers that increase immunity.
• Gum treatment

Grafting an apple tree in spring or summer into a split is the second youth of a tree

It is best to just try to prevent the appearance of this kind of disease on fruits and trees. It is quite simple to do this: preventive treatment should be performed using a conventional nitrafen emulsion - this substance is diluted in an amount of 200 g per 10 liters of water. The following drugs are also excellent for combating the disease of the type in question:

The disease of this type is the most common fungus. It is possible to save a tree only if the sites of infection are detected in a timely manner. If you start the disease too much, then you can say goodbye to the plant. It is best to familiarize yourself with the signs of apple disease in advance from a photograph.

To date, there are a very large number of diseases of the apple tree. The most common are the following varieties:

The use of curdled milk. In the fight against powdery mildew, yogurt helps - dilute it with water in a ratio of 1:10. After that, spray the plants with the resulting mixture.

Plants can become covered with lichen.

Without taking protective measures, pests and diseases of fruit trees can destroy the crop in the shortest possible time. Insects and infections are especially dangerous for plantings in dry or, conversely, too rainy seasons. In order to grow a crop without loss, the processing of fruit trees and berry bushes from pests and diseases must be given priority.

Diseases and pests cause great harm to gardens where their protection is carried out from time to time. Competent protection of the garden is a reasonable combination of sanitary, biological and chemical methods of control. It is important that protective measures are carried out simultaneously by all gardeners. Otherwise, pests settle in well-groomed areas, nullifying the efforts of gardeners who take protective measures in a timely manner. Carrying out measures to protect the garden in horticulture is difficult due to the huge variety of species and varieties and the excessive density of each garden.

This article provides a description of the main threats to the garden and information on how to spray fruit trees from pests and diseases.

Treatment of fruit trees and berry bushes to control pests, mites and weevils.

Ticks. The leaf rust mite, which severely damages blackcurrants, is microscopically small. When affected by this pest, the leaves of fruit trees and shrubs turn black, crumble by mid-summer, growth begins, and newly growing leaves and shoots are affected by powdery mildew. It is possible to improve currant bushes by applying biological domestic preparations Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin.

spider mite very harmful in dry hot summers. Damage appears on the leaves, which first turn yellow, then turn brown, become covered with cobwebs and dry out.

As a method of combating these pests, the treatment of fruit trees and shrubs with colloidal gray (50-100 g) is recommended.

Strawberry transparent mite settles on berry bushes. Typical damage: shriveled leaf, oily yellow spots on the leaves, undersized shrub, poor fruiting, unsweetened berries. In winter, such bushes freeze out. Many gardeners mistake mite damage for a nematode.

By two treatments with one of these drugs or a mixture of them, shrubs can be completely cleared of mites and other pests.

Weevils. If a bud is damaged and hung on a strawberry or raspberry, the pedicel is broken, inspect it, and you will find the larvae of the raspberry-strawberry weevil. In a month, young beetles will emerge from the larvae: they damage strawberry leaves, eating out windows in them. After 20 days, the beetles will leave for the winter, and in the spring they can ruin the entire crop. early varieties, as they inhabit the largest, central buds.

strawberry weevil develops in two generations: it gnaws through holes in the leaves of strawberries, with its massive colonization, plants can completely die.

Looking closely at the leaves of strawberries or raspberries, you can find another pest. He, eating away the pulp from the underside, skeletonizes the leaves. This is strawberry leaf beetle that develops in one generation.

Before flowering, spray against weevils with the following preparations: Aktelik - 15 ml, Fufan - 10 ml or Iskra - 10 g.

Spraying fruit trees from pests of sawflies and leafworms

Apple sawfly. It is worth paying special attention to this pest of fruit trees. Already 3-4 days after the flowering of the apple tree, rusty cuts near the sepals can determine the places where eggs are laid by this pest. For a whole 20 days, the larva will “travel” from the perianth to the ovary, and then move on to another fruit, making a secret passage that will cicatrize in the form of a girdle and hit the third fruit, which has reached the size of a walnut.

See what this pest of fruit trees looks like in the photo:

Many gardeners mistakenly take wormy fruits for damaged apple codling moth. The sawfly larva damages 3-5 fruits, completely eats away the entire future seed chamber, and codling moth- only part of the seeds, and this is their difference.

After three weeks of intensive feeding, the larvae of this pest of garden trees will descend to pupate in the soil (3-10 cm) near the tree and will wait here for the next spring. But, having waited for it, not all sawflies will go free, 10-13% of pupae will remain in diapause until the next spring. This is a kind of reserve for survival in the coming years. It is necessary to loosen the soil more often in trunk circles, drying up the top layer, which will cause the death of the pest.

For spraying fruit trees from sawfly pests, the following means are used: Arrivo, Creocid Pro, Inta-Vir, Actellik, Aktara, Fufanon, Novaktion; and Vermitex.

Leaflet. In May, hatching and emergence of leafworms are intensive: rose, willow crooked, reticulated, shy, fat hawthorn, changeable fruit (it envelops the flower rosette with cobwebs). And before the end of the month, 6-7 new species of these insect pests of fruit trees will be added, including the subcortical leafworm, which, unlike the above, damaging boles, skeletal branches of all fruit crops, makes moves under the bark, destroys trees. That is why, when carrying out protective measures, it is necessary to spray the stems simultaneously with the processing of the crown of trees.

To treat fruit trees and shrubs from these pests, spray with the following preparations: Aktelik - 15 ml, Fufan - 10 ml or Iskra - 10 g;

How to process fruit trees to protect against pests of wasps and hornets

In July when ripe summer apples, apricots, peaches, plums, grapes, fruits are often damaged by insect pests of fruit trees such as wasps and hornets. The nature of the damage is a small, neat hole with rounded, as if carved, edges. Within a short period of time, it rots, and the fruit crumbles to the ground. And grape berries in a bunch of pulp and juice almost do not remain, one skin. This is basically the job of os.

Hornets, in addition, harm young trees by scraping bark from twigs and stems during nest building.

Insects of this species live in large families, in large nests, under the roofs of houses, in the hollows of old trees, pipes, trellis fence supports and burrows.

Measures to combat these pests of fruit trees:

• find a nest, make a torch and burn it (carefully);
• treat the nest with karbofos or Fury (Taran);
• fill the nest with boiling water or soapy water;
• A good remedy for spraying fruit trees from these pests is an infusion of red capsicum (do not forget about this treatment yourself, wash the fruits well before eating);
• put paper caps on grapes (2-3 days before the intended harvest);
• catch with odorous baits based on fruits: apples, pears, grapes with the addition of honey for the smell. Pour the bait into long bottles with a narrow neck or plastic ones, in the lid of which make a cut. For this, a special bait "From wasps" is recommended.

The next section of the article is devoted to the fight against other pests of fruit trees.

How to spray fruit trees from other pests: effective remedies

Bronze is golden. It harms quite a lot during the flowering of trees, eating away stamens and pistils in the flowers of pome crops, and it will be even more dangerous for grapes during its flowering (it can completely eat inflorescences).

Tubkovert. These pests of fruit trees gnaw out the buds and their contents, pupate by rolling the leaves into a cigar.

Apple codling moth and California scale insect. By the end of fruit flowering, the codling moth appears, and then the California scale insect (33-38 days after the start of flowering). In June, to protect fruit trees from these pests, it will be necessary to treat the “tramp”, and again in early August.

Pear blotch (copper). It begins its ubiquitous harmful activity, under certain conditions gives 3-5 generations, leaving at a temperature of + 2-3 ° C! This pest not only damages young shoots, causing premature leaf fall in summer, but is also a carrier of viral and mycoplasmal diseases. You can protect yourself from honeydew. For the treatment of garden trees from these pests, preparations (insecticides) Taran or Kinmiks are effective with the addition of 30 g of liquid soap and 100 g of vegetable oil or solariums.

Plum pachyderm (eurythoma). Of the stone fruit pests, in addition to the well-known goose, weevils, sawflies, the plum pachypod (eurythoma) deserves special attention. The insect lays eggs during plum and cherry plum flowering and will lay them for another 10-12 days in green fruitlets. Tolstopodka is omnivorous, damages plums, cherry plums, blackthorns, cherries, cherries, apricots. The hatched larva bites into the bone and feeds on the contents of its fruit.

By July, the fruits will begin to crumble, and the larvae will remain inside the stone until spring next year, after which they will gnaw round holes in the bone, and everything will start all over again. The pest can go into diapause (if there is no plum blossom) for another year. This is to ensure the survival of the species.

Against this pest of fruit trees, treatment should be carried out immediately after shedding 75% of the petals and again after 10-12 days. Featured effective means: Kinmiks, Karbofos (Fufanon), etc.

Protecting fruit trees from spot diseases

Brown spotting. This disease of fruit trees is ubiquitous, has two waves of development - early spring and autumn. In summer, during a drought, the disease fades, but does not disappear. Red-brown spots of a rounded vague form appear, black spots form on top of the leaves on the surface, pillows - the fruiting bodies of the fungus are a source of re-infection of plants. The fungus hibernates inside the leaves.

Ramulariasis, or white spotting. It affects up to 50% of the leaf blade. On the leaves of fruit trees affected by this disease, small rounded spots appear, light gray in the center, with a clear purple rim, the center of the spot falls out, the leaf looks perforated. In humid weather, a light coating of sporulation develops in the form of dense formations. Overwinters on leaves, is a source of infection. You can lose up to 15% of the crop.

Brown, or angular, spotting. The most harmful in the southern regions, affects up to 60% of the leaves, causing their mass death.

As can be seen in the photo, with this disease, light brown spots form on the leaves of fruit trees, then dark spots with purple spots:

The spots increase and grow to the entire leaf. The shape of the spots is angular, they are located along the midrib of the leaf. Angular spotting is more likely to damage older leaves, and the disease progresses in autumn.

The disease of brown and brown spot greatly weakens crops, since it develops just at the time when the laying and formation of fruit buds are in progress, which sharply reduces the yield of h. Some plants wither, but other fungal diseases - fusarium, verticellosis, late blight wilt can also be the cause of wilting.

To protect fruit trees from these diseases, pay special attention to agricultural technology:

• choose an open, ventilated, sunny place for placement;
• the best predecessors; onion, garlic, lettuce, spices, beet;
• should not be placed after nightshade, tomato, pepper, eggplant, potatoes, asters, lilies, gladioli, chrysanthemums;
• do not compact plantings, remove weeds;
• keep the plantation for no more than 3 years;
• purchase planting material at research institutes or nurseries;
• plant varieties only zoned in this zone;
• early in the spring, clean plantations from old leaves;
• during the growing season, remove all mustaches, except for those that will be used to lay new plantings;
• pick berries damaged by gray rot, late blight;
• during the period of "budding" can be treated with immunocytophyte;
• before ripening berries, mulch the aisles with dry grass, sawdust or straw;
• to reduce the number of ticks and diseases, the removal of the leaf apparatus can be recommended, provided that pruning is carried out immediately after the removal of the last berries. Leave cuttings of leaves (1-2 cm) above the heart. Delay is dangerous, the plant is weakened, it does not tolerate wintering well. Water immediately with top dressing full complex fertilizer.

Against a complex of pests and diseases of garden trees, see the monthly work calendars and follow the following tips:

• from ants and a bear at the beginning of the growing season, add Thunder to the soil - 30 g / 10 m2;
• from various kinds of spots, gray rot on fruit-bearing strawberries immediately after the snow melts and at the very beginning of the growing season, it is necessary to carry out eradicating spraying with 3% Bordeaux liquid. If for any reason you are late, apply a 1% solution of copper sulfate or a copper-soap emulsion (200 g of soap and 20 g of copper sulfate per 10 liters of water);
• good results are obtained by the use of Novosil biostimulator.

Treatment of garden trees for milky shine disease

Non-infectious milky shine. By the middle of the hot summer, a milky sheen appears on, and other fruit trees. The leaves become silvery, brittle, brittle, but do not change their shape, fall off earlier than others in the fall. This disease of fruit trees develops due to freezing of trees, soil and air drought. To treat this disease, you can water fruit trees with complex fertilizers with trace elements.

Infectious milky shine. It is caused by a fungus that settles on trees in places damaged by frost holes and sunburn. And already in early spring, the first signs of infectious chlorosis appear: the leaves are small, bubbling, dark brown spots appear on them. The same spots appear on the wood, in the section around them - a lighter color. By the end of the growing season, dense blocks of sporulation of the fungus appear on the bark. The top of this block is white-gray, the bottom is purple, and then brown. The fight against this disease of fruit trees is useless - if such symptoms are found, the plant must be removed. If the branch is small, it should also be cut off with the capture of healthy wood 20-30 cm and burned. Disinfect the cut with a 1% solution of copper sulfate (10 g per 1 liter of water), cover with garden pitch.

Whitewash the trees later in the fall with a grip skeletal branches any reflective solution or coat the stems and bases of skeletal branches with a mixture of clay with fresh cow dung(1:1). If whitewashing is washed away by precipitation in winter, whitewash them again under the thaw to avoid March frosts and sunburn.

Diseases of fruit trees vitreous, powdery mildew and gray rot

With the completion of the flowering of fruit trees, the settlement of all "floors" of the crown with pests and diseases ends. Due to weather conditions, many gardeners did not have time to protect perennial fruit plantations along the “green cone”, the extension of inflorescences and the “rose bud”. Nature gives us the last chance to make the garden clean and healthy in a short period after flowering.

Powdery mildew. This tree disease manifests itself in the garden everywhere, depending on the resistance of the variety on the leaves on the underside, forming a delicate, inconspicuous white coating. Then the leaves stop growing, twist in a "boat" and dry out. In humid and warm summers, it is strongly manifested in the center of the bush. And from the berries comes a mushroom smell. The fungus overwinters on the affected parts of plants. Infection begins on young leaves, massively develops during flowering and fruiting, as well as in the second half of summer.

Infection of apple trees with powdery mildew occurs in the “green cone” phenophase, then secondary infection occurs. The incubation period of infection is from 4 to 10 days. In extreme heat, the development of the disease stops. To protect the garden from powdery mildew, it is better to use Topaz. Colloidal sulfur - only on those varieties that do not give a rusty mesh (away from gooseberries).

Gray rot. In wet summers, after excessive watering at the beginning or after each harvest, it is very harmful gray rot. Under such conditions, gardeners carry out buckets and immediately throw away berries covered with gray rot, which should not be allowed in any case: it is better to bury them deeper in the ground.

In addition, on many varieties (Korey, Golden Delicious, Goldspur, etc.), a rusty mesh along the ovaries may appear from the use of Bordeaux mixture and its substitutes.

Fighting the disease of trees in the garden with fruit rot

Monilial burn causes great harm to pome and stone fruits, later it will manifest itself in the form of fruit rot.

Fruit early term ripening, due to their biochemical processes, even under conditions of forced cooling, they can be stored for no more than 1-1.5 months. Fruit summer term ripening quickly starch, swell and become unsuitable for use. But even those laid down for short-term storage can rot. There are many reasons for this: these are the temperature and water regime, the lack of protective measures and the violation of agricultural technology.

Rotting, or fruit rot, of pome fruits is a very common disease that causes great damage to orchards. Fruit rot can also affect the fruits of the winter ripening period, and during the growing season, and many stone fruits.

External signs of the disease appear in the middle of the growing season, after fruit filling in the form of small brown spots that grow very quickly and cover the entire surface.

The disease caused by the fungus Monilinia frucigena is called moniliosis. The mycelium of the fungus overwinters on the affected branches, shoots, mummified fruits. A strong development of the disease is observed at relatively high (24-27 ° C) temperatures and high humidity, accompanied by rain. The rate of spread of the disease depends on many factors: on the variety, the density of the skin of the fetus, its physiological properties(acidity, dry matter content in the fruit), etc.

Control measures are mainly agrotechnical and chemical. The garden should be well ventilated, not thickened, for digging and during the growing season it is necessary to give fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium, microelement supplements. In case of heavy long-term precipitation or not moderate watering in the garden, it is necessary to harrow or loosen the soil with a Fokine flat cutter in order to quickly ventilate and remove excess moisture.

Of the chemical measures for the treatment of this disease of fruit trees, it is necessary to apply preventive spraying starting from the “green cone” phenophase with copper-containing preparations, and later with systemic preparations Scor and Strobi, while strictly observing the regulations on waiting times.

Good results are obtained by spraying before flowering and after it with Novosil (3 ml per 10 liters of water).

In addition, the use of calcium nitrate as a foliar top dressing (50 g per 10 l) as an additive to the working solution of chemicals when sprayed 2-3 to 5 times during the growing season increases the resistance of fruits to damage by moniliosis and improves fruit quality.

Don't make mistakes:

• Plant trees in the garden according to the recommended bookmarking schemes.
• Don't thicken.
• The summer ripening period should be no more than 1-2 apple trees, etc.
• Properly and timely trim trees.
• Water once a month and apply fertilizers that contribute to a longer maturation of the fruit.
• Do not overexpose fruits on trees.
• Stick to the calendar schedule preventive treatments fungicides, skillfully combining them with insecticides.
• Apply foliar top dressing and growth and fruiting stimulants (Novosil, Rostock, etc.).

The final section of the article is devoted to how to treat fruit trees from clusterosporiosis and coccomycosis diseases.

How to process fruit trees for the treatment of dangerous diseases (with photo)

Recall the two most dangerous diseases of stone fruits: clusterosporiosis (perforated spotting) in plums and cherry plums (there is an infection at a positive temperature of 18-22 ° C and a humidity of more than 70%); and in cherries and sweet cherries - coccomycosis. He calls premature yellowing leaves by the end of May - beginning of June, and closer to August - premature leaf fall and, as a result, a decrease in yield and premature death of the tree. For the treatment of these diseases of garden trees, copper-containing preparations are recommended (1% Bordeaux liquid, HOM (copper oxychloride) or Oksihom, Abiga-Peak).

It is necessary to pay attention to one more feature of the fight against pests and diseases of garden trees and berry bushes. The use of pyrethroid preparations (decis, etc.) in gardens caused the appearance of herbivorous mites, so add an Apollo-type acaricide, as well as one of the fungicides for fungal diseases (Skor, Horus) to the recommended preparations. Don't forget about Novosil. Remember to remove and burn all branches affected by monilial burn, they should be cut off with the capture of healthy wood (10-30 cm).

These photos show how fruit tree diseases are treated:

Tea from the leaves of fruit trees has both its beneficial properties and contraindications. We will cover these properties in this post. But the main thing is that these teas have a strong healing effect on a par with medicinal herbs...

CHERRY

Cherry has a wide range of medicinal properties. Cherry leaves contain organic acids (malic and citric), tannins, coumarin, sucrose, dextrose, anthocyanins, vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, B9 (folic acid). They have expectorant, diuretic, antiseptic, sedative and anticonvulsant effects. Their infusion is used for inflammation of the respiratory tract, for anemia, as a laxative for constipation, to reduce fermentation processes in the intestines and as a general tonic.

Cherry leaves also have diuretic and astringent properties. They are used for nephrolithiasis, joint diseases, edema, diarrhea.

A decoction of young leaves is used for diarrhea, chronic colitis, and also in the complex treatment of intestinal atony. Vitamin tea is brewed from spring leaves, which has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and hemostatic effects.

People with gastritis or gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer with high acidity of gastric juice during the period of exacerbation of the disease should take decoctions and infusions with caution.

chokeberry

Chokeberry (chokeberry) has hypotensive, antispasmodic, diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, capillary-strengthening properties, and also lowers blood cholesterol levels, stimulates the homeostasis system.

It is indicated for hypertension stages 1 and 2, various disorders in the blood coagulation system (hemorrhagic diathesis, capillary toxicosis), bleeding, atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, allergic diseases.

Pectin substances, which are contained in chokeberry, remove radioactive substances, heavy metals, pathogenic microorganisms from the human body, eliminate spasms, and normalize bowel function. The contained complex of vitamins (a combination of vitamin P and C) helps to strengthen the walls of blood vessels, improves their elasticity and firmness.

In the formation of stones in the kidneys and urinary ducts, chokeberry leaves can exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Its hemostatic, laxative, diaphoretic actions are known. Rowan leaf tea is useful for kidney and liver diseases.

PEAR

The pear is rich in fructose, glucose and sucrose, organic acids, tannins, pectin, nitrogenous substances, carotene and vitamins of groups A, B, P, PP, C and B. Pear leaves contain a large amount of iodine. Infusion of pear leaves has a diuretic, fixative, disinfectant, expectorant and antipyretic effect, helps to normalize the digestive tract.

APPLE TREE

Apple leaves, due to their rich chemical composition, have many beneficial properties for the body: anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, improve metabolism in the body, and are useful for edema.

The leaves of the apple tree, as well as the fruits, contain phenolic compounds that strengthen the walls of blood vessels, reduce their fragility and permeability, promote the absorption of vitamin C. Infusion of the leaves of the apple tree is used for colds, coughs, hoarseness, nephritis, bladder problems and kidney stones .

PLUM

Decoctions and lotions from the leaves of this plant are used by healers as a means for healing wounds.

Plum fruits and leaves contain coumarins. These substances have the ability to prevent thrombosis and have a therapeutic effect on already existing thrombosis. The effect exerted contributes to the expansion of the coronary vessels.

MAPLE

Maple leaves contain essential oil, betuloretinic acid, saponins, tannins, hyperoside, carotene, essential oil, vitamin C, phytoncides. Young maple leaves have a white sweetish, pleasant-tasting sticky juice rich in vitamin C, which has antiscorbutic, tonic, choleretic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, tonic, analgesic and diuretic effects.

Clen is an excellent antidepressant, well relieves nervous tension caused by stress, reduces aggression, harmonizes, restores energy, enriches the body with useful substances. In addition, this is an excellent drug for crushing stones in the bladder, kidneys.

There are no contraindications for clen.

HAZEL

Hazel (hazelnut) leaves contain sucrose, essential oil, myricitrosil, vitamins. Hazel is a laxative, so it is used for constipation. The plant has antipyretic and astringent properties. Hazel is used as a means that dilates blood vessels. This medicinal plant dissolves kidney stones, stimulates all body functions.

Tinctures and decoctions of hazel leaves can increase blood pressure.

Infusion of garden and wild strawberry leaves have a tonic, sedative, vasodilating, tonic, hematopoietic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, choleretic, anti-sclerotic, hypoglycemic properties. Inside it is taken as a tonic, antispasmodic for neurasthenia, leukemia, enuresis, polymenorrhea, laryngeal carcinomas. Infusion of leaves slows down the rhythm and increases the amplitude of heart contractions, dilates blood vessels, and helps to remove salts from the body. In scientific medicine, an infusion of strawberry leaves is recommended to be taken to reject necrotic masses in decaying tumors.

In folk medicine, an infusion of leaves is used for gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, colitis, hypertension, heart weakness, palpitations, kidney disease, liver, edema, neurasthenia, insomnia, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, gout, liver stones and kidneys, skin rashes, rickets, scrofula, hemorrhoids. Also, the infusion is taken for colds, which are accompanied by high fever and cough, for anemia, beriberi, hepatitis, diarrhea, atonic constipation, diseases of the spleen.

Outwardly, an infusion of strawberry leaves is used as a rinse for purulent inflammation of the mouth and throat, as compresses for the treatment of weeping, bleeding wounds that do not heal for a long time.

CURRANT

Currant is a storehouse of vitamins.

The berries and leaves of this unique plant contain provitamin A, essential vitamins B and P, as well as pectin substances important for the body, healthy sugars, phosphoric acid, carotene and essential oil. Currant leaves contain a large amount of magnesium, phytoncides, manganese, silver, sulfur, lead and copper.

Currant leaves are used to treat diseases of the liver, respiratory tract. Infusions of leaves perfectly increase resistance to colds. They have tonic and antiseptic properties due to the content of tannins and biologically active substances, vitamins and essential oils. The leaves of this shrub contain more vitamin C than its berries, so they are used for gout, gastritis, and also for cardiovascular diseases. Traditional medicine strongly recommends the use of decoctions for eye diseases and various dermatitis.

Due to the high content of unique phenolic compounds and vitamin K, the use of currants is contraindicated in thrombophlebitis.

RASPBERRY

Raspberries are an invaluable treasure for health.

It contains in its composition five organic acids: salicylic, malic, citric, formic, caproic. Raspberries are rich in tannins, pectin, nitrogenous substances, potassium, copper salts, vitamin C, carotene, and essential oils.

Raspberry leaves have antipyretic, diaphoretic, antitoxic and hemostatic effects. Infusions of raspberry leaves are used for colds, acute respiratory infections, influenza, sciatica, fever and neuralgia. They are also an ingredient in the preparation of diaphoretic teas. Raspberry leaves are also used for atherosclerosis, diseases of the kidneys, stomach, intestines, hypertension and heart dysfunction, diarrhea and bleeding. An infusion of raspberry leaves can be used to gargle the throat and mouth with various inflammatory processes.

Use with caution in nephritis and gout.

BLACKBERRY

Leaves are best harvested during the flowering of the plant. They especially contain a lot of tannins, leucoanthocyanides, flavanols, ascorbic acid, important amino acids and minerals. Blackberry tea improves metabolism and is an excellent remedy for diabetes.

With gastritis and gastric bleeding, a decoction of blackberry leaves is especially useful. An infusion on blackberry leaves is used in the treatment of atherosclerosis and hypertension, as a sedative in hysterical conditions. Such an infusion is also recommended for rinsing in the treatment of sore throats, inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa, in diseases of the upper respiratory tract (has an expectorant effect), and in pulmonary bleeding. Also, an infusion of blackberry leaves is used for too heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding, normalizes sleep, reduces excitability, and improves well-being.

MINT

Mint leaves have antispasmodic, sedative, choleretic, antiseptic, analgesic, weak hypotensive properties. It improves appetite, enhances the secretion of the digestive glands and bile secretion, reduces the tone of the smooth muscles of the intestines, as well as the biliary and urinary tract.

Infusion or tea from mint leaves is indicated for nausea of ​​various origins, vomiting (including in pregnant women), gastrointestinal spasms, heartburn, diarrhea, flatulence, spasms in the gallbladder, biliary and urinary tract, cholecystitis, cholangitis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis , states of nervous excitement, insomnia, pain in the heart, coughing, to increase appetite.

Also, infusion and tea from mint inhibit fermentation processes in the digestive tract and, by relieving spasms of the smooth muscles of the intestine, contribute to the free passage of food. Due to the fact that mint stimulates the bile-forming function of the liver and enhances the secretion of other digestive glands, its preparations (infusion or tea) will be useful for those people who have poorly digested fatty foods.

In some people, the pungent smell of mint preparations can cause respiratory distress, bronchospasm, pain in the heart area. In the treatment of the upper respiratory tract in children under 5 years of age, drugs containing menthol should not be used, as this can lead to reflex respiratory arrest! Peppermint should not be used by people with increased nervousness or insomnia. You can not use mint for people with low blood pressure (arterial hypotension). It is not recommended to use it for men either, as it can reduce male libido. Mint should be avoided by people suffering from drowsiness. With infertility, mint can not be used either.

MELISSA

Lemon balm leaves contain essential oil, tannins, bitterness, sugar, succinic, oleanolic, ursolic acids, mineral salts. Melissa has sedative, antispasmodic, carminative, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and analgesic properties. It stimulates the appetite and secretion of digestive juices, relieves tension in the smooth muscles of the intestine. In folk medicine, lemon balm is used for nervous excitement, insomnia, hysterical seizures, poor digestion, palpitations, vegetative-vascular dystonia, anemia, painful menstruation, dizziness, delayed menstruation, gout, as an antiemetic for pregnant women.

Despite the low content of toxins, taking lemon balm is not desirable in case of hypotension. Also, using lemon balm for treatment, one should abandon those serious activities that require a good mental reaction, maximum attention and concentration. Among the possible side effects of using the plant are vomiting and nausea, muscle weakness, fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness, diarrhea, convulsions, heartburn, lethargy and loss of concentration, itching, constipation, etc.

PINE

Pine is a truly healing tree.

It is rich in chlorophyll, carotene, vitamin K, phytoncides, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes. Infusions and concentrates are prepared from it for the prevention and treatment of hypo- and beriberi. Also, infusions of pine shoots are used as a disinfectant, expectorant and diuretic.

Swollen and not yet blossomed pine buds (pine shoots) are accumulators of biologically active substances: resins, essential oils, starch, bitter and tannins, mineral salts. Decoction and infusion of pine buds have long been treated for rickets, chronic inflammation of the bronchi, rheumatism, chronic rashes. Infusions of pine shoots help to remove stones, they have diuretic and choleretic properties and reduce inflammation in the bladder. Extracts of pine buds kill the pathogenic microflora of the nasopharynx and oral cavity. The decoction is used for inhalation in pulmonary diseases.