Planting almonds with a bone. Growing almonds and caring for a healthy tree. Almond care

Many lovers indoor exotics wondering if it is possible to grow almonds at home? As practice shows, given culture can successfully grow in a pot, but this requires a lot of effort. As a result, the gardener will receive a spectacular miniature tree that can decorate any room.

Deep ceramic pots are suitable for growing it, since moisture evaporates well through the walls of ceramics, which prevents it from stagnation in the soil, in addition, thanks to a pot made of this natural material the plant is saturated with oxygen. tree growing in ceramic pot, feels better than the one that is grown in containers made of plastic and other materials. Another advantage of ceramic tableware is its stability and adaptability for growing. large plants what is room almonds.

Planting indoor almonds and caring for them

At home, the culture is propagated by seeds. Before planting, they are kept in warm water within 2 days before swelling. After that, they are planted in a pre-prepared, moist soil, consisting of equal parts from leafy soil and compost. Top container with seeds cover plastic wrap to create a "greenhouse" and put in a warm place. During the day, the "greenhouse" is ventilated, that is, open for 30 - 60 minutes. As it dries earthy coma watering is carried out. In such conditions, sprouts will appear in 3-4 weeks. Grown up, healthy seedlings are transplanted into separate pots.

homemade almonds require special care. Prefers sunny place location and does not grow well in the shade, so it should be grown on the southern windows. In addition, the exotic shrub is thermophilic, most comfortable temperature for its development 18-25°C. Too dry air negatively affects the well-being of the tree, for this reason, on hot days and when heating appliances the air in the room is humidified, at the same time, the crown is sprayed daily.

The soil should be moderately moist and well-drained. Excessive watering should be avoided, since almonds, due to the structural features of the root system, do not tolerate stagnant moisture and waterlogging of the soil. However, the soil should not dry out at the same time, so that the roots always get access to moisture. The number of waterings is increased before flowering, and then reduced.

Transplantation up to 3 years of age is carried out every year in early spring or after flowering. At the bush, 1/3 of the root mass is cut off and planted in a deeper container. Apply to the soil in spring and autumn. During transplantation, phosphorus top dressing is necessary. A flowering tree is not fertilized. In mid-November, the dosage of fertilizers is increased to prepare the plant for wintering and subsequent flowering.

Pruning is done after flowering. Young shoots are cut into 2-3 eyes until they are lignified. Shortened in August long branches, leaving slowly growing branches with established buds next year. During the year, dried and superfluous branches thickening the crown are removed.

To give the tree the desired shape, in the spring-summer season, they put on the trunk and branches copper wire. This work must be done very carefully so as not to injure the plant and not damage future flower buds.

With proper care, already 2 years after planting, you can see what almonds look like at the time of flowering:

The almond plant is small but very valuable. fruit tree or a shrub that is a relative of the plum tree. Contrary to popular belief, almonds are not a nut, they are a hard stone fruit. Asia is considered the birthplace of this plant, but now almonds grow in many parts of the world, it is successfully grown in some states of the USA, in the Tien Shan mountains, China, in Europe, almonds are common in Mediterranean countries and in the Crimea, as well as in the Caucasus, which, as you know, is located at the junction of Asia and Europe.

Almonds grow in small groups on rocky slopes quite high above sea level. Prefers sunny places and is not afraid of drought, having a well-developed root system. The plant is frost-resistant, but does not tolerate frost during the growing season. The soil for almonds should contain a large amount of calcium. It begins to bloom with light pink five-petal flowers already at the end of winter - the beginning of spring, and the fruits appear early summer. The average lifespan of a tree is a hundred years, but sometimes almonds live much longer. The fruiting period is from the age of five to thirty to fifty years. Almonds are cross-pollinated plants.

Almonds are green pits covered with short fibers, similar in shape to apricots, which, after full ripening, crack along inseam. Thus, in almonds, the fruit looks like a nut, although the plant itself is not a nut. Almond fruits are very tasty, dietary and at the same time highly nutritious - the amount of oil in some types of wood reaches almost 70%, protein - up to 35%. In terms of nutritional value, almonds surpass not only all fruits and vegetables familiar to us, but even wheat, beef, milk and fish.

Almonds also contain a lot of vitamins and microelements, thanks to which the famous medieval healer Ibn Sina (Avicenna) used this plant in the treatment of the liver, spleen and kidneys. Due to its composition, almonds are indicated for diabetics, asthmatics and ulcers, it is also taken for gastritis, headaches, and nervous exhaustion. This plant has the ability to calm and stimulate the brain at the same time.

Almond oil cleanses the bladder and kidneys, reduces bad cholesterol, is used for inflammation of the lungs, various sprains, and even contributes to the treatment of certain cancers. It is popularly believed that almond oil helps to get rid of age spots, freckles and dandruff (when mixed with wine and rubbed into the hair), and it is also taken with a strong cough.

Almond fruits are quite high in calories, so you should not abuse them. Nevertheless, the balanced composition of these fruits allows even overweight people to take it without much concern for the figure.

Important! Unripe almonds contain cyanide, in addition, poisonous hydrocyanic acid is present in some varieties. Such fruits should be consumed with caution and only after preliminary roasting. Glycoside and amygdalin contained in in large numbers in the fruits of almonds, are fatal to humans; for a fatal outcome, it is enough to eat only a few dozen grains.

Almonds are a great addition to confectionery. It sets off and enhances the taste of chocolates and other sweets, it is also added to various jams and jams, pastas, cheeses and ice cream. Almond flour as a substitute for wheat flour is used in recipes for gourmet cakes and pastries. From crushed almond kernels, a paste is prepared, which is an independent delicacy, as well as an ingredient to enhance the taste of other products and saturate them with a unique almond flavor.

Did you know? Almond flour and the marzipan made from it were formerly used to treat psychiatric illnesses. In the famine years, due to its high calorie content, it was used daily for making bread as a substitute for the missing ordinary flour.

Where is the best place to plant almonds?

Although almonds can tolerate drought, dehydration can severely damage the plant - it slows down growth and begins to shed leaves, resulting in reduced yields, and not only current year, but also the subsequent one. Also, productivity drops in low light, when almonds grow in places shaded by other plants or buildings.

These features must be taken into account when deciding on the cultivation of almonds.

What species and varieties are best to plant

Before growing almonds, it is necessary to decide for what purpose the plant will be planted, and depending on this, choose the most suitable variety.

There are more than forty types of almonds, but the common almond is considered the most common. Its height can reach six meters, but in arid places it grows as a low bush. Depending on the palatability fruits produce bitter, sweet and brittle almonds, all of which belong to the plant species in question.

Such varieties of almonds as "Pink fog" and "Anyuta" are very popular, but fruit growers prefer to grow "White sail".

If the purpose of growing almonds is to decorate the plot, you should pay attention to varieties such as "three-lobed" almonds (it has a very beautiful one and a half meter crown and falling leaves, blooms with bright pink or raspberry flowers); "Ledebour" (distinguished by a special aroma, large dark leaves and large light pink flowers) and "Petunnikova" (decorative dwarf shrub with beautiful flowers pink shade).

What kind of soil is suitable for growing

The almond tree doesn't show too much high demands to the soil, it may well grow on rubble, in sand and stones. It is optimal that the soil is light, fertile and has good drainage.

For this plant, acidic clay, salty, especially chlorine-containing soils are contraindicated, its root system does not tolerate the effects of high ground water, as well as the lack of air and water permeability.

How and when to plant almonds

Deciding how to grow an almond tree begins with choosing a location. In addition to the requirements for the composition of the soil and the abundance of light, it is necessary to provide the seedling good protection from the wind. It is best to place the plant on south side site.

Planting almonds is optimally carried out late autumn a plant planted in spring takes root worse.

Important! There is another secret: given that almonds cannot be pollinated on their own, several varieties and specimens must be planted at once. The presence of other almond trees somewhere nearby does not solve the problem: for successful pollination, almonds need insects that have settled in the hive in close proximity to the plant.

The technology for planting an almond tree is as follows. Pits a little more than half a meter deep are dug at a distance of two to three meters from one another (for shrubs and dwarf varieties this distance can be shortened). Fine gravel or crushed stone is poured at the bottom of the pit, up to 10 cm of sand is poured on top, then top dressing, ideally phosphate fertilizers and manure.

Trees are carefully placed in the pit (the root neck should be 10-15 cm underground), after which the pit is filled fertile soil and well compacted.

The root circle with a radius of one and a half meters should be mulched. It is best to use peat for these purposes. A support is driven in near the seedling, with which it is tied young tree to protect it from the wind.

Each seedling needs to be watered abundantly.

Reproduction of almonds

Almonds are propagated by seeds, cuttings, and also by root division of the plant.

Almonds can be grown from the seed, however, in this case, the biological and commercial characteristics of the almond nut may be lost. In order to germinate the almond seed as best as possible, it should be pre-soaked in a strengthening solution and planted at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other in a pre-prepared well-dug place in late autumn or early winter to a depth of 10-15 cm. Two seeds can be placed in one hole, in this case, after germination, a stronger seedling is left.
Bones can be planted and in early spring, but before that, from the end of January - the beginning of February, they must be stratified (germinated in conditions similar to natural wintering) in the sand. The process lasts up to one and a half months at temperatures from zero to ten degrees above zero.

When the seedlings reach 10-15 cm, the roots of the plant at the same depth must be cut with a shovel, after which it is plentiful to water.

The budding of seedlings is carried out at the end of summer in the region of the root neck, after which the occult is spudded. Annual seedlings need to be transplanted, otherwise they will not form a crown.

Propagation of almonds by cuttings

To propagate the almond tree in this way, cuttings 15-20 cm long (two nodes) are cut from the top of the plant in early summer and placed in a stimulating solution for several hours. After that, the cuttings are planted in a prepared mixture of sand and peat (ratio 1: 2) and placed in a cold greenhouse for 20-30 days. During this time, the cuttings should be fully rooted, after which the young almond tree continues its cultivation in the training bed.

Reproduction of almond shoots

If the almond tree is heavily pruned, it produces abundant shoots. In the second year after emergence, such sprouts can be separated, keeping the roots, and transplanted to a separate place.

Propagation of almonds by layering

Young shoots of almonds can also be used for propagation by layering. To do this, it must be bent to the ground, pinned with a metal or wooden hairpin and lightly sprinkled with earth. Their own root system in such shoots is formed in about a year, all this time they need to be regularly watered, weeded around them and the soil is fluffed. Subsequently, the seedlings are separated from the mother tree and planted in a permanent place.

How to care for almonds

To receive good harvest almonds, it is necessary to follow not only the rules of planting, but also to provide the rooted plant with competent care in open ground.

How to properly water almonds

Almond needs abundant watering only if it grows on sandy soil. The abundance of moisture is very harmful for the plant, however, with a lack of water, the tree does not bloom well and does not bear fruit. Almonds should be watered when the soil around the plant has dried to a depth of about one and a half centimeters. Irrigation rate - from seven to ten liters of water per bush.

Fertilizer and top dressing of almonds

Almonds need a lot of strength in order for the fruits to form and pour properly; this feature of the plant determines the agricultural technology of its cultivation. spring mature tree fertilize with organic matter and ammonium nitrate (20 g per bucket of water). In autumn, the soil must be fed with double superphosphate and potassium sulfate - 20 g of both per square meter.

cutting almonds

Pruning and shearing almonds are very beneficial for the plant. Even cut into decorative purposes flowering branches will not harm the tree. It is imperative to remove damaged and dried branches. It is necessary to form a tree as soon as it fades. Pruning is necessary for almonds, as they grow very quickly and become untidy without proper shearing. To make the plant pleasing to the eye, annual shoots should be cut.

almond graft

Almonds can be grafted not only on a plant of the same variety, but also on other varieties of almonds, as well as on plum, cherry plum or blackthorn. It is best to do this in the middle of spring or at the end of summer, when sap flow is especially active. The weather should not be too hot.

A couple of days before the procedure, the stock should be poured very well (the bark should be easily separated) so that during budding the bark is well separated from the wood. As a scion, a straight cutting with a formed bud is taken, from which it is necessary to carefully cut the leaves, leaving, in order not to damage the bud, cuttings of a few millimeters.

In the area of ​​​​the root neck of the scion (first it must be cleaned of dirt) sharp knife an incision is made in the shape of the letter "T", and in the place where the incision lines converge, the bark is gently folded back. A shield with a kidney is cut from the prepared cutting in such a way that it fits into the prepared incision. When trimming the shield, you need to capture, in addition to the bark, a little wood tissue. The stalk is inserted into the incision, covered with bark and fixed with a tight bandage made of plaster or tape (the kidney should remain on the surface).

After 2-3 weeks is carried out control check: with a successful vaccination, the eye should be green, and the petiole disappears. After that, the bandage can be loosened. If budding was carried out at the end of summer, the eye strap should not be removed until spring. Eyes that have not taken root need to be re-budded.

In the spring, after the foliage appears, the strapping can be removed, the stock with a dried eye can be grafted using a cutting prepared in advance.
When the height of the oculant reaches 10 cm, it must be additionally spudded, the procedure is repeated at least twice, as it grows. The shoots that the rootstock gives should be removed, in the same way as side shoots appearing on the eyepiece.

Did you know? AT southern regions almond, as a hardy, unpretentious and frost-tolerant plant, is used as a rootstock; peaches and apricots are grafted onto it, which feel quite confident on such support. You can recommend the article to your friends!

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Almonds can be called differently: and deciduous shrub and a tree that blooms profusely. Almond blossom starts at spring time and lasts approximately 13-16 days. During flowering, the entire tree is covered with large, beautiful flowers, white-pink. The spectacle is amazing! Almond fruits have an oblong shape, the pericarp is dry, but it is quite easily separated from the stone.

This bone is called an almond. Almonds love warmth and bright light, they are not picky about soils, but they cannot tolerate soils with high acidity and too waterlogged. The ideal soil of the day is considered to be well limed, loosened, moderately moistened and with the addition of humus.

Almonds tolerate long droughts well without requiring watering. I'll tell you right away grow almonds for decorative purposes, so that its flowering will please you for a long time is very difficult, but possible. For this, it is necessary in the spring early time notice good bushes almonds and dig out the strongest growth and plant it for another time. This must be done in early spring, while the plant has not yet fully woken up.

It is better, of course, to grow a beautiful small tree, which will not only serve as an element of decor for you, but also give delicious nuts. However, this is not easy to achieve, because the limitation in achieving this goal is that almonds are very thermophilic and begin to bloom early, young flowers are not able to withstand sharp spring temperature fluctuations, not to mention night frosts.

This applies to young trees, and adults are quite capable of enduring frosts down to -22 degrees. How to grow almonds from the seed so that it gives edible nuts? Before planting, almond seeds must be stratified.

To do this, it is necessary to place them in wet sand for 8-10 days, which should be at a temperature of approximately + 4-7 degrees. Sand must be taken three times more of the total mass of nuts. In order for the seeds, being in the sand, to have access to oxygen, they must sometimes be removed from the sand and transferred to another container, which must again be covered with sand. Do not forget to moisten the sand.

If almond seeds are sown in autumn, then it is necessary to a depth of 6-9 cm, and if in spring, then 4-5 cm. It is recommended to plant no more than 85 seedlings per square meter. Usually seedlings start growing very quickly.

During the growing season, it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil, break through weeds and irrigate. If the spring turned out to be warm, then you can safely proceed to sowing nuts. AT winter time for stratification, the seeds are sent to the basement or cellar.

Almonds can be propagated vegetatively - green cuttings, root offspring and grafting. Starting from the third year of the plant's life, the aging stems of almonds begin to die off, and young offspring grow to replace them. Usually they begin to bloom in the 4-5th year. It is worth knowing that growing almonds from the stone is not a fact that the plant will retain biological, varietal and taste qualities.

Otherwise, the nuts will be inedible, so you still need to try to find grafted seedlings.

Almond is a shrub that can reach a height of 8 meters. He has beautiful pink flowers resembling small roses. We used to think that almonds are nuts. In fact, experts say that the almond fruit is an ordinary bone that you can eat. Outwardly, the fruit resembles a slightly enlarged apricot pit.

Almonds are often used in cooking, cosmetology and even medicine.

This shrub blooms in early spring and is pollinated by bees. From its nectar, good fragrant honey is obtained.

Almonds have only three varieties: sweet, bitter and thin-walled. In addition, there are about 40 varieties of this delicious nut. It is important to know where almonds of one kind or another grow, and how to grow healthy and beautiful almonds. There are several of the most common varieties:

• Common almond is the most popular type. It is grown in hot climatic zones such as: Crimea, Caucasus, Iran, Central and Asia Minor. His life expectancy is 130 years. It can grow as a shrub up to four meters high or as a tree that can reach a height of 8 meters. Common almond blooms in February. Its flowers have a pleasant white-pink hue and delight with their flowering for no more than three weeks. The leaves have a fairly saturated green color and slightly pointed towards the end. The fruits do not have much difference from other varieties. They have a slightly flattened shape, a velvety coating and an edible nucleolus inside. Almonds can be divided into three more varieties: bitter, brittle and sweet. Most often in fruit growing, this type of almond of the following varieties is chosen: Anyuta, Pink fog, White sail.
• Almond steppe, low- is one of the most frost-resistant species. It can often be found on the territory of European and northern Russia. He does not have high altitude and reaches only one and a half meters in height. Its crown is quite fluffy and resembles a large ball. Flowers and leaves bloom almost simultaneously. This happens at the beginning of May. Flowering lasts no more than three weeks, and such a shrub lives for about 80 years. You can harvest from steppe almonds at the end of August.
• Three-lobed almond- this species has the shape of a tree with a spreading crown of falling yellowish and gray leaves. It is widespread in northern China. Reaches five meters in height. The first flowers on the three-lobed almond appear at the end of April and bloom different colors from bright pink to crimson.
• Almond Ledebourg- it is predominantly Altai shrub, which reaches only two meters in height. It tolerates frost quite well and is distinguished by large dark green leaves and pink flowers. Interestingly, the first fruits on this shrub appear only 10 years after planting.
• Almond Petunnikov a - compared with other types of almonds, this one can be safely called a dwarf. It reaches a height of only 1 meter. He came from the Western Tien Shan. It begins to bear fruit a little earlier than Ledebour's almonds. Already 5 years after landing. You can distinguish Petunnikov's almonds by small reddish fruits with a fairly thick velvety skin. It does not tolerate frost well, it is subject to frostbite of shoots.

Action in the open field: planting, care and wintering of shrubs

Gallery: almond (25 photos)

There are several ways to plant almonds. The most faithful is considered - planting an annual seedling. by the most favorable time early spring is considered for planting almonds, if you did not have time to plant a seedling in the ground in March, then it is better to postpone this process to the end of November. It is important to choose a sunny location without strong winds and drafts.

Chernozem is considered the best soil for an almond tree, in addition, the soil should have a sufficiently high lime content. You can not plant a tree in acidic or chloride soils, as well as in areas where there is a lot of groundwater. Almonds do not like stagnant water.

The most favorable time for planting almond seedlings in the ground is late fall, or rather the last days of November. But you can not plant a seedling in unprepared soil. About 14 days before the expected day of planting, it is necessary to prepare holes for seedlings. Their depth should be about 60 centimeters and a diameter of at least half a meter. If you plan to plant several rows, then you must observe a distance between rows of at least 5.5 meters and a distance between trees of 3-4 meters.

Every hole must have drainage. To install it, you can use broken brick or rubble. Also, the composition of the soil should include sand, humus and leafy soil, and do not forget to add 500 grams of superphosphate to the rotted manure. If there is no black earth in your region, and the soil is acidic, then be sure to add about 300 grams of lime to the hole. When all preparatory work over, you need to wait two weeks and start planting seedlings.

Planting almonds in spring is no different from autumn. True, in the spring, seedlings take root worse, and it is necessary to have time to plant them in the ground before the start of sap flow. It is necessary to prepare pits for seedlings in the fall.

Proper gardenia care at home

The procedure for planting a seedling is no different from planting an ordinary apple tree. A support is dug into the center of the prepared hole. The support is a flat pole, which should rise above the hole by about half a meter. At the bottom of the hole, you need to pour a small handful of earth, on which the seedling should be placed. But remember that it is impossible to completely put the root system on the ground, it should only slightly rise above it. Now you can fill the hole with prepared soil, and then water it well.

For watering, you will need at least 10 liters of water per seedling. After complete absorption of water, the seedling is tied to a support and mulched. Make sure that the root neck of the tree does not touch or come into contact with the mulch.

proper care

A good harvest directly depends on the correct planting and care of the plant. It is not enough just to plant an almond nut correctly, you also need to perform all care procedures in a timely manner. These include: pruning, watering, weeding, top dressing, pest and disease control.

• loosening. The first loosening of the soil around the tree trunk must be carried out at the end of March. You can deepen no more than 12 centimeters. Next, you will need to carry out another 3-4 loosening already at a shallower depth, about 10 centimeters. The ground around the tree trunk should always be cleared of weeds. This must be monitored constantly.
• Harvesting. You should not pluck the fruits from the almond tree before their shell darkens and begins to separate on its own. The peeled fruits are dried and then stored in cloth bags.
• Watering. The almond tree is quite drought tolerant, but this does not mean that its watering can be neglected. You need to water the tree every 10-14 days, while making sure that the earth has dried to a depth of 1.5 centimeters. It is not worth flooding the plant because it cannot tolerate excessive moisture. For an adult tree, one bucket of water will be enough. Seedlings need to be watered a little more often.
• top dressing. Almonds grown in the garden are in dire need of nitrogen. To provide the plant with all the necessary substances, you need to feed in a timely manner. You can provide the tree with nitrogen at the end of April as follows: 20 grams are taken per bucket of water ammonium nitrate and poured into trunk circle each mature plant. In autumn, 1 kilogram of manure is added to the same trunk circle, as well as 20 grams of potassium sulfide and double superphosphate. If in your area almond trees planted in rows, then in the first years after their planting, green manure can be grown between the rows.
• Treatment. Growing almonds is quite laborious work. So that all kinds of diseases and pests do not appear on it, trees need to be processed. Trees are treated in the spring until buds begin to appear on them. For this use Bordeaux liquid. In the fall, it is worth repeating such a treatment so that the pests that decide to overwinter in the bark of the plant are destroyed.