At what age do spruce cones appear. Description of common and European spruce: what culture looks like. Norway spruce Frohburg

(Picea obovata), and northern ecotype of common spruce - (Picea fennica) from Norway and Finland, which is more winter-hardy, has smaller dimensions and grows more slowly.

Young growth and cones of Picea abies

Type description. The tree in natural conditions is 30-50 m high, rarely 60 m. It is the tallest native tree in Europe. The diameter of the trunk is 1-1.8 m, the crown is 6-8 m. In Belarus, the largest spruce is located in Belovezhskaya Pushcha(300 years old, height 42 m, trunk diameter 1.4 m). The dominant shape of the crown is cone-shaped, with somewhat drooping branches, it remains sharp until the end of life. Due to the extensive range, the species is heterogeneous in appearance, mainly on the basis of a different type of branching and some others (for example, different dates for the beginning of the growing season).

Flowering female cone Picea abies

The apical bud is 4-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate-conical, larger than the others and covered with needles bent over it. Each such bud is surrounded by 2-3 lateral buds, sitting almost annularly, due to which the shoot, and then the branches, are arranged in whorls in the same order. Almost always, single scattered buds develop between the whorls, due to which the branching is not strictly whorled, with lateral intermediate branches, which gives the crown a densely branched appearance. The trunk is straight, full-wood. The bark is thin, gray-copper in color, scaly, slightly exfoliating, in old trees it leaves in rounded plates, fissured.

Shoots are drooping or almost horizontal, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, greenish-reddish or yellowish-brown, thin, matte, turning red-brown in autumn. The buds are dark brown, oval, more or less cone-shaped, slightly pointed or obtuse, non-resinous, surrounded by numerous dry, membranous, yellow-brown scales. Kidney scales obtusely triangular, light or reddish brown. Under the outer scales, internal, light brown or colorless, are found, under them there is an embryo of the shoot with the rudiment of needles. In developed apical buds, the scales are wrapped downwards, forming something like a beautiful rosette at the base of a young shoot.

The needles are slightly curved to sickle-shaped, arranged whorled, implicitly two-row. The needles are directed forward in relation to the shoot, somewhat spaced from the shoot, less often erect, tetrahedral in cross section, 10-35 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide with 2-4 stomatal lines on each side. They are dark green, shiny, with inconspicuous stomatal stripes, between which the green edge of the needles clearly protrudes; ends with a conical, styloid, lighter, yellowish point, slightly tapering towards the base. On a transverse section in a magnifying glass, resin passages are distinguishable, in the center of the leaf there is a vascular-fibrous bundle. The needles are kept in favorable conditions 6-7(12) years old.

Flower buds are larger than leaf buds, up to 8 mm long, 4 mm in diameter. It blooms in April - May (when bird cherry blossoms). Male microstrobili are spherical-oval, purple-red, similar to a strawberry, 20-25 mm long, when flowering at the base, surrounded by light green bracts, appear on the branches collected several on one axis. Female cones are located higher, they are bright red or green in several pieces on top of the crown, erect during flowering. In early summer they are light green, later dark purple.

General view of an adult Picea abies tree with mature cones

When ripe, the seeds become fusiform-cylindrical, not narrowed at the base and apex, shiny, with large, relatively hard, woody-leathery, elongated at the top seed scales, light brown, woody, length 10-20 cm, width 3-4 cm. Seed scales are rhombic, obovate, convex, narrowed from above, sometimes truncated along the edges, serrated or wavy-notched, sometimes truncated. The covering scales are oblong, much shorter than the seed scales.

Seeds spill out at the end next winter, they are oblong-ovoid, dull, dark brown, lighter on one side, with an elongated, long, bent to the side edge, 4-5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with a yellow-red, easily detachable, shiny wing 3 times longer than the seed (15 mm).

ecological property of the species. It grows in the territory of central and northern Europe (in the mountains of the Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians), in the north from Scandinavia to the south-forest zone (Belarus) and from the Alps to the Urals in the east. It rises to the mountains by 800 m, where it is the dominant species. In nature, it forms spruce forests or participates in admixtures with linden, maple, birch, and oak. Thanks to cultivation, it is found everywhere. Lives 300, single 500 years. Up to 10-15 years it grows slowly, then quickly. Annual growth in height - 50 cm, in width - 15 cm.

It has increased frost resistance, suitable for cultivation within USD zones 1-8 (hardy down to -45°C), but sensitive to early spring frosts, especially in depressions and microbasins of the relief, in closed clearings, in connection with which there is species ibberation with late vegetation periods. It is very shade-tolerant, demanding on air and soil moisture, but does not tolerate stagnant moisture, does not grow on raised sphagnum bogs, does not tolerate salinity and dryness of the soil. Tolerates excessive flowing moisture.

The best soils are fresh, medium-fertile acidic loams and light, moist sandy loams. Does not tolerate compaction and loved ones ground water, salinity and dryness of the soil. In urban plantings - a rarity, as it is sensitive to gas and dust. The breed is shallow rooted ( root system superficial), therefore subject to windblow. On loose, humus, freezing soils, it forms raw humus. Therefore, in monoculture leads to soil acidification. Attracts mushrooms.

Reproduction and cultivation. Seed germination is 60-80%. In a hermetically sealed container, it remains up to 5 years, germinates without sowing preparation, but cold stratification (2-8 weeks) or soaking in water (18-22 hours) increases germination. Like other types of spruce, it propagates by cuttings. Up to 10-15 years it grows slowly, then the annual growth increases (50 cm in height and 15 cm in width). Seeds from 25-30 years.

Purpose and application. The wood is white with a yellowish tinge, soft and light. Goes for sawing, is good building material, a valuable raw material for the production of cellulose, as well as for the manufacture of musical instruments, containers, sleepers, telegraph poles. Tannins are obtained from the bark. Valuable forest-forming, field-protective and water-protective species.

Landscape construction. Norway spruce - this is our native forest-forming species, known to every inhabitant of Europe, often used in reforestation and field-protective plantings, along railways, as well as decoration of parks and squares. Landscape gardening culture has given some decorative forms crowns of common spruce (weeping, columnar, spherical) and coloring of needles (golden, silver).

Sometimes found in the parks of Belarus Norway Spruce (Picea oirgata) with long, slightly branched branches. In forest parks, it is cultivated in group plantations, groves, massifs, alleys, or used in hedges. Wild forms of common spruce growing in forests differ in the nature of branching, the structure of the bark, the color of the female spikelets, and other features. Of these forms, the most decorative is spruce with a comb type of branching, in which branches of the first order hang down with long lashes. Beautiful hundred-year-old specimens of these fir trees have been preserved in the Nesvizh park.

It should be borne in mind that not all specimens are highly decorative, sometimes the crown shape is uneven, so it is better to take seeds from selected producers. At present, common spruce is almost never used in urban plantations, since it is believed that this species does not tolerate gas and dust. Meanwhile, with moderate air pollution, spruce grows successfully, while maintaining a high decorative effect. Light brown cones up to 6-12 cm very decorate the tree during the fruiting period. Successfully combined with larches, firs, pines, birch, maples, ash trees, narrow-leaved sucker and other shrubs.

In contact with

Family: pine (Pinaceae).

Motherland

Spruce grows in Northern Europe, Northeast and Central Asia, North America, Central and Western China.

The form: conifer tree.

Description

Spruce is one of the important forest-forming species of the forest zone and the mountain-forest belt of the Northern Hemisphere. Norway spruce is the largest wild tree in Europe (it can reach 60 m in height). All types of spruce have dense, hard, tetrahedral needles. Monoecious flowers appear rarely, once every three to four years. Spruce cones tend to decorate older trees. The root system of spruce is superficial, so transplanting spruce is undesirable, as well as interventions. various kinds. Spruce selections represent an amazing variety in height (from dwarf to tall forms), appearance and needles of plants.

Norway spruce (European) (P. abies). An upright, large, conical tree, 25 to 60 m tall and 6 to 10 m wide, with needle-like, prickly, dark green needles. The branches of the common spruce lie in layers. The growth rate of this type of spruce is medium. The cones of common spruce are light brown, up to 15 cm long. Growing conditions for common spruce - sun or partial shade; cool, damp places. Norway spruce is hardy; prefers well-drained, fresh to moist soils; grows on not too fertile substrates. On heavy soils, the common spruce is windblown (it can be turned upside down with strong gusts of wind). Norway spruce is sensitive to soil compaction and flooding. Norway spruce cuts beautifully; however, dense hedges are only possible in cool, damp, well-lit areas. Norway spruce is common in Europe.

Canadian spruce (white spruce or gray spruce) (P. glauca). Tree of medium size, conical shape, slow growing. Canadian spruce is rarely found in nature; grows only in the forest zone of North America. Nevertheless, Canadian spruce has several very attractive varietal forms that adorn many summer cottages. Growing conditions for Canadian spruce - sun or partial shade, she prefers cool, humid places, tolerates moderate soil compaction. Suitable soil for Canadian spruce is fresh or moist. Canadian spruce is sensitive to heat and drought, as well as soil salinity. Canadian spruce can be damaged by early spring sunburn so it needs shelter. Sometimes ordinary shoots appear in varietal forms of Canadian spruce, which must be removed immediately, otherwise the cultivar will acquire a species form.

Serbian spruce (P. omorica). Slender, medium-sized or large tree from 15 to 25 m tall. The shape of the Serbian spruce crown is narrow-conical or columnar. Cones purple-brown up to 6 cm long, resinous; numerous even on young trees. The needles of Serbian spruce are shiny, dark green above, have two noticeable white stripes below, in general, it seems that a tree with bluish-green needles. Conditions for growing Serbian spruce - sun or partial shade; endures high temperatures; winter-hardy. Serbian spruce is undemanding and adaptable, but requires protection from strong winds. Soils - relatively dry to fresh, well-drained (acidic and compacted soils are not acceptable). In spring, Serbian spruce must be fertilized with magnesium sulfate. In nature, Serbian spruce grows in southeastern Europe.

Serbian spruce ‘Nana’(P. omorica 'Nana'). dwarf form(up to 5 m high). The crown is thick. Spruce Serbian ‘Nana’ grows slowly.

Serbian spruce ‘Pendula’(P. omorica ‘Pendula’). Peculiar small tree up to 10 m high. The branches of the Serbian spruce ‘Pendula’ are hanging, dense and twisted. Serbian spruce ‘Pendula’ is recommended to be used with low bushes, which will emphasize the unique shape of the tree.

Eastern spruce (P. orientalis). Large conical tree 20 to 30 m high and 4 to 8 m wide with a dense symmetrical crown; slow growing. The branches of the eastern spruce are arranged in layers. Cones are narrow, up to 8 cm long, color - from brown to raspberry-brown. The needles of the Eastern spruce are short, shiny, dark green. Growing conditions for Eastern spruce - partial shade and shade. Eastern spruce tolerates high temperatures, winter-hardy; undemanding and easily adaptable. Eastern spruce prefers well-drained soils; in general, grows on any substrate - from acidic to alkaline and from fresh to wet, but is sensitive to soil compaction. In nature, oriental spruce is found in southeastern Europe and western Asia.

Eastern spruce ‘Aurea’(P. orientalis ‘Aurea’). Small or medium tree up to 15 m tall. The crown of the Eastern spruce ‘Aurea’ is conical. Slow growing plant. Very decorative needles - light or golden yellow. Spruce ‘Aurea’ withstands shading.

(P. pungens). Medium to large conical tree 15 to 25 m tall and 6 to 10 m wide, slow to medium growing. The branches are arranged in layers. The crown of prickly spruce is asymmetric. Cones light brown up to 10 cm long. The needles are prickly, pointed, bluish-green, gradually becoming grayish or dull green. Growing conditions for prickly spruce - the sun (in the shade it loses the specific color of the needles). Prickly spruce tolerates high temperatures, winter-hardy, wind-resistant, easily adaptable. Soils are relatively dry to fresh, very acidic to alkaline; prefers well-drained, sandy gravel or sandy loam soils. Prickly spruce grows in western North America.

Spruce black (P. mariana). big tree, reaches 30 m in height. Black spruce needles are the thinnest of all spruces. Cones are dark brown, almost black. Black spruce Undemanding to soils, shade-tolerant. Spruce black winter-hardy. In decorative terms, it is almost as good as Canadian spruce. Black spruce has forms with white-motley needles ('Argenteo-variegata'), with golden, shiny needles ('Aurea'), weeping crown (up to 5 m tall 'Pendula'), undersized forms ('Empetroides' - similar to pa crowberry, 'Ericoides' - with very thin needles resembling Erica leaves) and others.

Siberian spruce (P. obovata). Large tree up to 25 m tall. The crown is conical. The needles of the Siberian spruce are dark green, similar to the common spruce. Siberian spruce shade-tolerant; demanding on the soil. Cones are smaller than those of common spruce, dense, shiny, red-brown. Siberian spruce propagates by seeds. Can be planted singly or in small groups. Siberian spruce goes well with white birches.

spruce glen (P. glehnii). A tree with a dense cone-shaped crown. grows on Far East and in Japan. The bark of the Glen spruce differs from the bark of other types of spruce - it is scaly, chocolate brown. The needles of Glen's spruce are green or bluish-green. Spruce Glen is shade-tolerant and winter-hardy.

Korean spruce (P. koraiensis). Tree up to 30 m tall with a pyramidal crown and drooping branches. In appearance, it is similar to Siberian spruce, from which it differs in larger cones and longer needles. The bark of Korean spruce is reddish-brown. Korean spruce is resistant to natural factors; it goes well with hardwoods. It occurs naturally in the Far East and North Korea.

Spruce red (P. rubens). A tree with a height of 25 to 30 m and a width of up to 1.5 m with a wide conical crown. The needles are glossy, yellow-green. Red spruce is distinguished by reddish cones and bark. Red spruce is moisture-loving. Rarely found on summer cottages in Russia. In nature, red spruce grows only in the Appalachians (North America).

Growing conditions

As a rule, spruces are shade-tolerant, but they develop better in the sun. Spruces are demanding on soil fertility. They don't like transplants. Spruces do not tolerate trampling and compaction of the soil. Since the root system of spruces is superficial, plants can suffer greatly due to gusts of wind on heavy soils (on fertile soils spruce root system becomes deeper). In addition, growing spruce is impossible in a site with a high level of groundwater, so due attention must be paid to the drainage device.

Application

Spruce is a plant that is used both in group and plantings. All spruces are beautifully sheared, which allows you to create and give trees various forms using them in topiary art. dwarf spruce planted in.

Care

In hot, dry summers, spruce requires watering (once a week). Fertilizers are applied at planting, then it is not necessary to fertilize. Young plants are recommended for the winter. The near-trunk zone of young plants for the winter needs peat. Adult spruces are quite frost-resistant. Spruce species prone to early spring burns need to be covered.

reproduction

Spruces are propagated mainly by seeds, garden forms - and less often - by grafting. Spruces are slow or medium growing trees (young spruces grow especially slowly). Spruce seeds and spruce seedlings can be purchased at the garden center or ordered online.

Diseases and pests

Aphids, caterpillars of a night butterfly, spider mite and spruce leaflet.

Popular varieties

Common spruce varieties

Canadian spruce varieties

'Alberta Globe'- dense cushion-like or almost round form. The needles are green. Spruce height ‘Alberta Globe’ - from 0.5 to 0.8 m; width - from 0.7 to 1 m.

‘Conica’- most popular variety from all conical firs. Spruce ‘Konika’ is a compact conical shrub 1 to 4 m tall and 1 to 2 m wide with a dense pyramidal crown and green needles. Canadian spruce ‘Konika’ grows slowly. The use of ‘Konika’ spruce is very wide: it is planted in groups, in containers, in rocky gardens. Spruce ‘Konika’ is shade-tolerant. Spruce ‘Conica’ is propagated by cuttings.

‘Echiniformis’- partly pillow-shaped, partly rounded shape. The needles are bluish-green or grayish-green. Spruce ‘Echiniformis’ grows very slowly. Spruce height - from 0.3 to 0.5 m; width - from 0.5 to 1 m.

Prickly spruce varieties

‘Glauca’- spruce ‘Glauka’ - a conical tree of medium size from 10 to 20 m high and from 6 to 8 m wide. The needles are blue when blooming, later - gray-blue. The color of the ‘Glauka’ spruce is most intense in June.

‘Glauca Globosa’- a variety in height and width from 1 to 3 m with an initially rounded, then stocky conical crown. Spruce ‘Glauka Globoza’ has silver-blue needles.

‘Hoopsy’- tree of medium size, asymmetric, conical; 10 to 15 m high and 3 to 4 m wide. The needles are intense blue or silver-gray.

‘Koster’- tree of average size from 10 to 20 m high and from 3 to 4 m wide. The crown is conical, loose, somewhat asymmetric. Young needles are silvery blue, older needles are silvery green. Looks bicolor.

‘Oldenburg’- a conical symmetrical tree of medium size from 10 to 15 m high and from 3 to 5 m wide. The needles are silver-green or grayish-green.

Spruce photos and information on how to grow a spruce can be found on the Internet.

(Picea abies Karst.)

European spruce or common spruce - an ordinary miracle!

Spruce (Picea) is a genus of coniferous evergreen trees of the pine family. Spruce is one of the main forest-forming species in our country and one of the most powerful trees. In Russia, European or common spruce grows in northern and middle lanes the European part of the country, in the south to the central black earth belt of the forest-steppe, in the east it reaches the Urals; Siberian spruce is common in the Urals and Siberia. Spruce grows in wet places, on rich loamy soils, in parks.

Spruce growth does not stop throughout the life of a tree, and by the age of 150-200 it can reach a height of 50 meters and a trunk diameter of 80-100 cm. In total, about 40 species of spruce are known, all of which grow in the Northern Hemisphere. Spruce is frost-resistant, withstands winter up to -52 ° C, although young Christmas trees

do not tolerate spring and autumn frosts, young branches may freeze slightly.

Most the best holiday in the year we meet with a Christmas tree or sprigs of spruce, bringing a fresh smell of needles and a feeling of freshness into our house. Spruce is a coniferous tree with a cone-shaped crown, pointed, flattened-tetrahedral needles, male and female cones, dark brown seeds with long wings. Seeds remain viable for 8-10 years.

Spruce, like other representatives of the pine family, highlights great amount phytoncides that kill any harmful microflora in the air. In the spruce forest is always clean, fresh, practically sterile air- therefore, many sanatoriums are trying to be located in coniferous forests, so that the round-the-clock stay of a person there has its healing effect.

The scientific name of the genus picea is from Latin word pix - "resin", which is abundantly secreted by all plants of the pine family. The scientific name of the species is abies, which translates from Latin as "spruce". Russian name genus "spruce" - is of Indo-European origin.

Spruce has long been used by the people for the treatment various diseases. FROM therapeutic purpose as medicinal raw materials spruce needles, young shoots, young cones are used. They contain tannins, vitamin C, carotene, essential oil, resin, mineral salts of iron, chromium, copper, aluminum, manganese.

Spruce preparations have diuretic, diaphoretic, choleretic, antiscorbutic, analgesic, wound healing effects. For the preparation of preparations, they take fresh or outdoor needles, since when the needles were eaten in heat, the content of vitamin C in it quickly drops. Spruce branches can be stored in the room for no more than 10 days, lowering the lower ends into the water.

Spruce useful properties. Useful properties of needles

Spruce needle oil, added to water for inhalation, miraculously relieves cough, facilitates the separation of sputum, treats purulent otitis media and tonsillitis. The infusion of young needles has the same effect, which, in addition to its bactericidal action, is a source of vitamins.

With a lack of vitamin C - beriberi, as an antiscorbutic agent,

in acute and chronic respiratory diseases - tonsillitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, bronchial asthma:
- 40 g of chopped spruce needles pour a glass of boiling water, boil for 20 minutes, insist, then strain. The resulting infusion is drunk during the day for 1 / 3 ÷ 1 / 2 cups.

This infusion of spruce needles is very useful after serious illnesses, with dry and cracking skin. Infusion of needles has a diuretic and antimicrobial effect, as it contains essential oil, beneficial features needles are used for treatment of diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract .

It is also possible prepare a vitamin infusion from fresh needles:

- 4 cups of spruce needles pour 0.5 l cold water, add citric acid, leave for 2-3 days in a dark place, strain. Drink 1 glass a day for 2 - 3 doses with beriberi.

Spruce cones medicinal properties . A decoction of immature spruce cones (harvested in June-September) is used to prevent infectious diseases.

With angina, tonsillitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, rhinitis:

- Pour 50 g of crushed cones with a glass of water, boil for 30 minutes on low heat, then strain. Apply 5-6 times a day as a rinse or instill a few drops in both nostrils.

For the treatment of rheumatism, nervous and skin diseases it is good to use coniferous baths.

At skin diseases, gout and joint lesions in rheumatism:

1. 500 g of the tops of young branches with buds pour 2.5 liters of water, boil for 30 minutes, then add the decoction to a bath of warm water;
2. Pour 500 g of crushed needles into 2.5 liters of water, boil for 10 minutes, then leave for 12 hours, strain, add to a bath of warm water.

Watch a short video about the beneficial properties of needles Let's treat the tree! :

Boils, pustules, ulcers and wounds that are difficult to heal are dealt with with the help of an ointment, which is prepared from spruce resin, wax and butter. For the same purpose, you can use dry spruce resin powder.

WARNING:

It is contraindicated to use spruce preparations for gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers!

In the pharmaceutical industry, synthetic camphor is extracted from spruce, which is part of balms for rubbing joints with rheumatism and arthritis, as well as drugs prescribed for heart diseases. Turpentine, purified in a special way, is also used in official medicine for the preparation of warming, analgesic ointments - turpentine ointment, "Efkamon" ointment and balms - "Tiger" balm. Ready-made extracts are commercially available for those that have a relaxing, calming effect in the treatment of nervous and cardiovascular diseases.

Spruce wood is soft, but strong and resilient, used in the manufacture of furniture, in construction for interior decoration, paper, musical instruments are made from it.

Turpentine, rosin, tar are obtained from spruce wood, tannins from the bark, and oil from cone seeds. Turpinhydrate is obtained from turpentine - a substance with an expectorant effect, it is used in the form of tablets for the treatment of chronic bronchitis.

Tar, obtained from wood, is widely used in the form of 10 - 30% ointments for the treatment of eczema, lichen, and other skin diseases.

So diverse medicinal properties possesses - an ordinary miracle!

Get to know her better and use the beneficial properties of pine needles to maintain and improve health!

Rhubarb can not be found in every garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jam, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruits and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! A large green or red rosette of plant leaves, resembling burdock, protrudes beautiful background for one year olds. Not surprisingly, rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.

3 delicious sandwiches - cucumber sandwich, chicken sandwich, cabbage sandwich with meat - great idea for a quick bite or for a picnic in nature. Only fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and some spices. There are no onions in these sandwiches, you can add marinated in balsamic vinegar an onion in any of the sandwiches, it will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, it remains to collect a picnic basket and go to the nearest green lawn.

Depending on the variety group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground, is: for early tomatoes- 45-50 days, average maturation - 55-60 and late dates- not less than 70 days. When planting tomato seedlings in more than young age the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality crop of tomatoes also depends on the careful implementation of the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.

unpretentious plants The “second plan” of sansevieria does not seem boring to those who appreciate minimalism. They are better than other indoor decorative foliage stars for collections that require minimum care. Stable decorative effect and extreme endurance of only one type of sansevieria are also combined with compactness and very fast growth - Khan's rosette sansevieria. The squat rosettes of their stiff leaves create striking clusters and patterns.

One of the brightest months garden calendar pleasantly surprises with the balance of the distribution of favorable and unsuccessful days for working with plants according to the lunar calendar. Gardening and gardening in June can be done throughout the month, while the unfavorable periods are very short and still allow you to do useful work. There will be their optimal days and for crops with plantings, and for pruning, and for a reservoir, and even for construction work.

Meat with mushrooms in a pan is an inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for a regular lunch and for a festive menu. Pork will cook quickly, veal and chicken too, so this meat is preferable for the recipe. Mushrooms - fresh champignons, in my opinion, the most good choice for homemade stew. Forest gold - mushrooms, boletus and other goodies are best harvested for the winter. Boiled rice or mashed potatoes are ideal as a side dish.

I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious and with an interesting, non-trivial foliage color. I have different Japanese spireas, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry ... And there is one special shrub that I will talk about in this article - the viburnum vesicle. To make my dream of a low maintenance garden come true, it's probably the perfect fit. At the same time, it is able to diversify the picture in the garden very much, moreover, from spring to autumn.

June is not accidentally one of the favorite months of gardeners. The first harvest, new crops in the vacant places, fast growth plants - all this cannot but rejoice. But the main enemies of gardeners and gardeners - pests and weeds - also this month use every opportunity to spread. Planting work is on the wane this month, and seedling planting is at its peak. The lunar calendar in June for vegetables is balanced.

Many owners of cottages, equipping the territory, think about creating a lawn. Imagination draws, as a rule, magical pictures - an even carpet of green grass, hammock, deck chair, barbecue and lovely trees and shrubs around the perimeter ... But, faced with the breakdown of the lawn in practice, many are surprised to learn that it is not so easy to create a beautiful, even lawn. And, it would seem, everything is done correctly, but here and there incomprehensible bumps appear or weeds sprout.

The June schedule of garden work can surprise anyone with its richness. In June, even lawns and ponds require attention. Alone ornamental plants have already completed flowering and need pruning, others are just getting ready for the upcoming show. And donate ornamental garden in order to take better care of the ripening crop - the idea is not the best. AT lunar calendar June will be the time to plant new perennials and potted compositions.

Cold pork leg terrine is a meat appetizer from the category of budget recipes, because pork legs are one of the cheapest parts of the carcass. Despite the modesty of the ingredients, the appearance of the dish and its taste are top notch! Translated from French, this “game dish” is a cross between a pate and a casserole. Since there were fewer game hunters in times of technological progress, terrine is made more often from livestock meat, fish, vegetables, and cold terrines are also made.

In pretty pots or trendy florariums, on walls, tables and window sills, succulents can survive weeks without watering. They do not change their character and do not perceive conditions that are comfortable for most capricious indoor plants. And their diversity will allow everyone to find their favorite. Similar to stones, then to whimsical flowers, then on extravagant sticks or lace, fashionable succulents have long been not limited to cacti and fat women.

Trifle with strawberries is a light dessert common in England, the USA and Scotland. I think this dish is prepared everywhere, only called differently. Trifle consists of 3-4 layers: fresh fruit or fruit jelly, biscuit cookies or biscuit, whipped cream. Usually they prepare custard for a layer, but for a light dessert they prefer to do without it, whipped cream is enough. This dessert is prepared in a deep transparent salad bowl so that the layers are visible.

Weeds are bad. They stop growing cultivated plants. Some wild herbs and shrubs are poisonous or may cause allergies. At the same time, many weeds can be of great benefit. They are used and how medicinal herbs, and as an excellent mulch or component green manure and as a deterrent harmful insects and rodents. But in order to properly fight or use this or that plant for the good, it must be identified.