Well, well: difference and design features. Autonomous water supply: which is better a well or a well

Arrangement of the water supply system on land plot- a complex and responsible process, since water is widely used for economic, agricultural and domestic needs.

Of the available ways to provide water to private households, the most popular are a well and a well.

They are built on the land and are designed to provide consumers water resource. So what to choose for the arrangement of water supply and what are the differences in the organization and operation of hydraulic structures?

An important stage in the arrangement of the water supply system for suburban area– determination of the type of water source. There are the following types aquifers:

Verkhovodki. Most surface layer, which passes at a depth of up to 4.5 meters. The filling of the layer depends on the amount of precipitation - rain, snow and floods. In winter, perched waters contain a minimum amount of water. The high contamination of the source makes it possible to use it for economic and domestic needs. For this reason, it is better to equip a shallow hydraulic structure with an isolated bottom.
The groundwater. They are located in the middle layers of the soil, so their depth is 10–12 meters, sometimes it can reach 42 meters. This is an unchanging aquifer, which is filled with water from natural reservoirs, precipitation and deeper aquifers. Such water can be used at home for domestic and food purposes.
Artesian water. The level of occurrence of the source between the layers of water-resistant rocks is from 40 to 200 meters. When developing a hydraulic structure, water rises under pressure, which ensures maximum purification from existing contaminants. The source can be used in household purposes, for cooking and in agriculture.

The level of occurrence of aquifers may vary depending on the composition of the soil and the location of the land.

Organize autonomous system water supply for summer cottages and houses can be done in one of two ways: digging a well or drilling a well.

Wells - an affordable way to supply water

What is the difference between a well and a well? The well is a simple structure that is used for water intake from a depth of aquifers from 4 to 16 meters. The quality of water in the well is determined by climatic conditions and compliance with construction technology.

There are two types of wells: mine and drilling.

mine wells

Structures with a maximum laying depth of up to 16 meters, with a diameter of up to 3 meters. For the arrangement of the casing string, water pipes from durable materials, which provide maximum protection aquifer from pollution. The most popular are concrete, reinforced concrete and brick structures. A sand and gravel filter is installed at the bottom of the well, and the head is protected by a clay mortar lock. A surface or submersible pump is used to supply water.

Drilling wells

Hydraulic structures are represented by a water intake shaft equipped with a bottom filter, pumping device and water pipe. Additionally, the structure is strengthened by casing made of metal, asbestos-cement or polypropylene pipes. Drilling facilities include Abyssinian wells.

Like any other structure, a water well has its pros and cons.

The advantages of the well include the following factors:

low cost of construction work;
uninterrupted water intake;
simplicity and accessibility of use;
ease of repair and cleaning;
long service life.

The disadvantages of the design are:

the probability of flooding the mine with perched waters;
low resource of the water intake point;
the likelihood of the aquifer drying up;
the need for regular cleaning and disinfection of the facility;
complexity of arrangement on their own.

Wells - a reliable, but time-consuming option

According to the manufacturability and method of drilling to the depth of laying the water well, there are two types of wells: filter (on sand) and artesian (on limestone).

Filter sand wells

What is the difference between a well and a well? The sand well has a wide range of depths from 35 to 55 meters, diameter - from 5 to 12 cm, service life - up to 17 years.

Distinctive characteristics sand well are low cost and availability of development. Among the disadvantages, one can single out susceptibility to siltation and a decrease in the level of the aquifer.

In order for water to appear on the site, you can independently drill a sandy well of one of the types:

Shallow penetration. The water is used for agricultural purposes. Drilling is carried out before the appearance of the first aquifer at a depth of up to 3 meters. Water intake is carried out using manual pumping equipment.
Medium depth. Water can be used for domestic needs and for cooking. Well construction requires pre-training pit, after which the main drilling is carried out to a depth of 6 meters. To protect the water intake point from damage are used metal pipes to create a casing string.
Deep. Well development is carried out percussion method using a drill glass. The hydraulic structure ensures the supply of clean drinking water from a depth of 10 to 30 meters.

Artesian wells

Artesian wells provide high productivity, uninterrupted water supply and long service life. They are equipped to a depth of 35 meters in interstratal water-resistant horizons. This is one of the most expensive and reliable organization options. private system water supply.

The development of an artesian well for limestone is carried out with special equipment after receiving permits.

The benefits of hydropower include:

water intake from great depths;
high organoleptic indicators of water;
well development;
safety and environmental friendliness;
availability and ease of use.

Among the shortcomings are the following:

the possibility of reducing the debit of water with the simultaneous organization of several points;
high levels of minerals in the water;
possible silting of the bottom.

Choosing a place for a water source

When planning the arrangement of a water intake point, the main thing is to choose the right place for its location. The distance of the well from sources of pollution should be 31 meters, wells - 15 meters.

To avoid possible contamination of the aquifer, the well is not located in ravines and off the coast of natural reservoirs.

In addition, it is important to provide free access to the hydraulic structure for special equipment, vehicles for transporting building materials and equipment.

If a residential building is erected on the site, the well is equipped at a distance of 5 meters from it. This will reduce the cost of laying the pipeline and installing the caisson.

Qualitative and quantitative indicators of water

When designing a new water intake facility, careful testing is required to determine the quality of the water. The fence is carried out a month after the development of the well or well.

Based on the analyzes obtained, a effective method deep cleaning, which provides safe use water source in economic and household activities.

Taking into account one indicator, it is difficult to determine which is better - a well or a well, since not a single hydraulic structure is able to provide an ideally clean water source.

The productivity of a hydraulic structure is determined by the source's flow rate. Optimal value debit: for wells - from 2 to 5 cubic meters. m per day, for wells up to 55 m deep - from 1.5 to 3 cubic meters. m per hour, for wells with a depth of 60 to 100 m - from 4.5 to 6 cubic meters. m per hour.

According to the established standards, the daily water consumption per person is 200 liters. To determine the water needs for one household, you need to multiply the initial value by the total number of residents and add a small margin.

Taking into account domestic and economic needs, the total water consumption for a family of 3-4 people will be from 2 to 5 cubic meters. m per day.

With an increase in water consumption and for the organization of a full-fledged water supply system, it is recommended to equip a well. The well can be used as a fallback option or when there is little water consumption.

The main difference between a well and a well

The main difference lies in the technology of arrangement. If the development of the well is carried out by special equipment and drilling rigs, then manual devices are used to build the well.

The design of the well requires the organization of a casing string made of plastic, steel or asbestos-cement pipes and pumping equipment. For the construction of the well, reinforced concrete rings are used, lowered to the bottom of the pit.

The development of a full-fledged well for water requires from 1 to 3 days, the arrangement of a private well will take from 5 to 7 days.

Financial side

The cost of organizing a well and a well varies significantly.

The arrangement of the well is simple and affordable way, since the price of excavation directly depends on the depth of the mine, which ranges from 4 to 40 meters. The price includes the costs of transportation, installation of well rings, water pipes and pumping equipment.

The cost of well development is determined by the geography and characteristics of the site, the composition of the soil, the project for the water supply system and the diameter of the supply pipe. With a shallow aquifer, organizing a well of a standard diameter is cheaper than digging a well of the same depth. At the same time, well development remains a costly and time-consuming option.

When is it better to equip a well, and when a well

The main parameter of choice is the daily volume of water consumption. If the indicator does not exceed the norm of 200 l / h, it is better to equip the well. Besides, this profitable option for country houses and private baths, which are operated only during the season. With an increase in daily water consumption (in the case of permanent residence in country house) it is better to opt for a high-performance water intake structure.

The next parameter is the cost of work. What is cheaper to equip? It is much easier and cheaper to dig a well, but if the owners of neighboring plots are ready to invest, drilling an artesian well becomes a more profitable investment than arranging a private well. In addition, it does not need annual cleaning and disinfection.

The final choice of a water intake structure is determined by the geological and climatic conditions of the area, the organoleptic characteristics of water, the volume of consumption and the cost of construction.

Regular water supply is one of the conditions for a comfortable living for a person. Centralized communications are usually present in apartment buildings, but private housing construction has to be equipped independently. From existing options water supply for suburban areas most often there is a choice between two sources: a well and a well. These two options have fundamental differences. And it's not just about price. A dilemma arises: a well or a well, which is better for private water supply?

Where does the water supply come from?

Before thinking about the source of water supply, it does not hurt to find out what kind of water this source will supply us. Aquifers can be divided into three types:

Verkhovodka. The layer closest to the earth's surface. The maximum depth of occurrence is 4 meters. Its fullness depends on precipitation and has its maximum value during the spring melting of snow. The minimum level or complete absence of water occurs in autumn-winter period. This water is suitable only for irrigation. During the construction of a well or well, this layer must be isolated to prevent it from entering drinking water.
Ground water. Located below the perch, it is an unchanged aquifer. This means that the water level in the well will be the same as in the rock. The saturation of the ground aquifer occurs due to the filtering of precipitation through the soil, river waters and other aquifers. The depth of this aquifer reaches ten, and in some places even 40 meters.
Artesian waters. They are located between the layers and are under pressure. During the drilling of an artesian well, water rises above the aquifer, in some cases it can gush. Artesian waters protect impermeable layers from pollution. Therefore, it is the most suitable for use. However, in order to “extract” such water, it is necessary to go deeper by more than 40 meters.

Which is better: a well or a well depends on the depth of the aquifer, but the lower the aquifer, the purer the water

The depth of occurrence of each aquifer in different areas is different!

What structure can be built?

For individual water supply, several options are possible:

well;
Abyssinian well;
filter well;
artesian well.

Well - a cheap option for arranging water supply

The well is the most simple design for water supply. The depth of such a structure varies from 5 to 15 meters, depending on the depth of the aquifer. Building a well is considered the cheapest option for arranging water supply. However, the quality of the water in it depends on climatic conditions and proper construction.

Advantages:

relative cheapness of construction;
water supply is uninterrupted;
accessibility and ease of use;
there are no problems with the extraction of an accidentally dropped object;
subject to timely cleaning and correct operation can last up to 50 years.

Disadvantages:

the possibility of contamination with top water;
small amount of water supplied;
falling into the water foreign objects, which can lead to its infection with bacteria and microbes;
the need for constant water withdrawal to avoid silting;
regular cleaning and disinfection is required.

Unlike a well, electricity is not required to get water from a well.

Abyssinian well or well needle

In fact, this is a well with a depth of 4 to 12 meters. From such a structure, the same water is obtained as from a conventional well. The difference is in the method of construction, in which a pipe with a sharp end is manually hammered into the ground to the required depth.

Water from Abyssinian well cleaner due to the fact that there is no access to foreign objects and top water in the structure. However, the device of such a structure is not possible everywhere. In addition, you will have to buy a self-priming pump.

Advantages:

construction will not take much time;
it is possible to equip a well in the basement or other room;
the tightness of the structure prevents foreign objects from entering the water;
with rare exceptions, water from the Abyssinian well can be consumed without purification;
sufficiently high performance;
in favorable conditions service life up to 30 years;
it is possible to restore the well after its failure due to clogging of the filter.

Disadvantages:

due to the geological features of the area, the device of the Abyssinian well is not possible everywhere, but only on soft and loose soils;
the water layer must be at least 8 meters, since the self-priming pump used to extract water is not able to lift it from a greater depth;
the impossibility of connecting several water points without reducing the pressure;
the need for constant use of the well due to the threat of silting.

An Abyssinian well equipped in a basement or other room does not need to be insulated for the winter

Filter well (for sand)

Its depth does not exceed 30 meters. Drilling such a well will cost less than an artesian well, but it will last a maximum of 15 years. This is provided that the work will be carried out by professionals.

Advantages:

drilling is done in one day;
for the arrangement of the well, small-sized equipment is used;
iron content in water is minimal.

Disadvantages:

winter decrease in water loss is possible;
the arrangement of several similar wells in the neighborhood can lead to a decrease in the aquifer;
regular use is necessary to prevent silting.

Artesian well - expensive, but reliable

Its depth is more than 30 meters. Drilling an artesian well is expensive. In addition, the pressure under which the water is not always sufficient, so the use of a pump will entail additional waste.

Nevertheless, the quality of water and the durability of such a structure are an indisputable advantage. To reduce costs, you can drill a well for several houses.

Advantages:

high productivity due to the high water loss of limestone;
uninterrupted water supply regardless of the season;
the ability to connect several water points without reducing the pressure, which allows you to use one well for several owners;
surface water pollution is excluded;
regularity of use is not important;
the life of an artesian well is about half a century.

Disadvantages:

high cost of building a structure;
high mineralization of water is possible, especially saturation with iron;
the need for permits for drilling a well.

Using groundwater without permission is fraught with penalties.

We make a choice with an emphasis on the required amount of water

The saturation of the well depends on the season and climate. On average, the maximum that can be extracted per hour from such a structure is 200 liters. If this amount is enough for you, then you can get by with a well. To provide yourself with uninterrupted water supply in sufficient quantities, you will have to drill a well. However, keep in mind that the sand well must be constantly used, otherwise siltation will occur and the structure will fail.

Financial aspects of construction

Some owners are primarily interested in the question of the price of such facilities. Definitely building a well will be cheaper. More expensive may be its further use. The quality of the water supplied by the well is often unsatisfactory. Therefore, in addition, you have to buy a cleaning system. Plus annual cleaning of the bottom and disinfection.

Sometimes the deep occurrence of groundwater increases the cost of building a well, and quicksand that comes across makes it impossible. You can reduce the cost of drilling a well by agreeing with neighbors on joint use. In addition, the service life of a well is longer than a well. Therefore, the price of the issue is decided in each case separately.

Thinking about what is better for water supply, a well or a well is often guided by the price of building a structure. But do not forget that human health depends on the quality of the liquid consumed. An artesian well can provide the most suitable water for drinking. It will also help to arrange uninterrupted water supply in private housing construction. You choose what is more important to you.

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Normal and uninterrupted water supply is an indispensable condition for living in any home. In private homes, the issue of water supply often has to be dealt with independently. Most owners of private houses and summer cottages create their own source of water intake due to the lack of a central water supply. Such a source is a well or a well. What is better, a well or a well, what are the pros and cons? What is the difference between a well and a well?

Sources of water supply

The problem of individual water supply is usually solved in two ways - well or well. Any of them needs a natural source of water. There are only three natural sources for water intake

Verkhovodka - such a layer of water lies at a depth of 4 meters. It is filled with melt and rain moisture. This water will not be suitable for drinking or cooking. It is suitable only for irrigation and technical purposes. Usually, when installing a well, such a layer is isolated.

Groundwater - they are at a depth of 10 to 40 meters, have a permanent aquifer. Thanks to this, the water level in the well or well will be constantly maintained. Saturation of groundwater occurs due to precipitation, river and melt water. They pass additional filtration natural way.

Artesian springs- the cleanest and healthiest. They are under high pressure lying between rock layers. In the process of drilling, they can rise along the well and beat with a fountain. To get to the source, you need to go deeper below the mark of 40 meters in depth.

To provide yourself with water in private, use several options for structures:

ordinary well;
Abyssinian well;
filtered well;
artesian well.

We will analyze the pros and cons, as well as the features of all these structures for water intake, in more detail in order to understand what is best to choose for individual water supply.

Many owners of private houses are wondering which is better, a well or a well, if there is no plumbing. Everyone must determine for himself what he will receive in the end. Each of the options has its pros and cons.

Wells have long been used by people to get water. This is the simplest design for water extraction. It does not require large material costs and special equipment for its construction. Wells are an inexpensive and convenient arrangement for water supply in a private house. In depth, they reach from 5 to 15 meters. During their construction, great importance depth of aquifer search. Quality natural product will depend on competent construction and climatic conditions.

Via various materials can build several options for wells:

wooden - for lining the well shaft, logs with a diameter of 12-18 cm are used with a dense wood structure that is resistant to a humid environment (pine, oak, larch);
small-piece materials - you can use stone, burnt red brick, concrete blocks, they are made at a depth of up to 3 meters, since these materials do not allow the construction of a mine by a lowering method;
reinforced concrete rings - the most effective and popular way to build wells, since the material is durable, affordable and with its help you can easily build a well with a depth of up to 20 meters in order to use high-quality and clean water;
plastic version - similar to reinforced concrete rings, plastic rings are used, which have a longer service life, are much lighter in weight, so they are easier to install, but are inferior in strength to reinforced concrete rings.

Any of their options is perfect for giving and a private house. The well will be more economical and fast way obtaining water for various needs.

Which well is best?

It is also worth looking at the option of installing a well in a private house, especially when it comes to permanent residence. This option will provide the owners of the house with a high-quality and clean source. There are several types of wells and each of them has its own characteristics.

Well-needle or Abyssinian well - depth reaches from 4 to 12 meters. Water is practically no different from a well. There are no insects or foreign objects in the well. It can be scored in just 1 day. To do this, a sharp pipe is driven into the ground, which will not be able to miss the top water. For the construction, you will need a suction pump for water intake. The well is often equipped in basements. In such a place, the source will be under constant pressure. It does not need additional cleaning. Not all types of soil are suitable for successful drilling. Necessary permanent use otherwise silting will occur.

The depth of the filter well for sand reaches 30 meters. Work is carried out on sandy soil. Its service life is limited to 15 years. In fact, very often its service life is only 5-7 years. In order for it to work as long as possible, all work must be performed by professionals. The disadvantages also include a small supply of water - 500 liters and rapid silting. A sandy narrow well may have diameter only 3.6-5cm and more. Among the advantages are low cost of work, low iron content, fast drilling process, use of small-sized equipment.

The most expensive way is an artesian well. To drill such a well, you will need to purchase deep pump. High material costs are compensated by water High Quality and durability with a large water reserve. It is quite enough for 2-3 cottages, so the costs can be shared with neighbors and you can use one artesian well in a private house. The pros and cons will help you decide.

The benefits include:

Drilling an artesian well requires special permission and this fact cannot be neglected. Also among the disadvantages:

high mineralization;
expensive construction;
very often in such sources there is a lot of iron.

Well or well: pros and cons

Wells are a very popular option for water intake on suburban area. This is explained several important benefits:

minimum cash costs;
universality;
long service life.

However, there are also downsides to this universal way water extraction. The disadvantages include:

risk of water pollution;
needed regular cleaning and use of the well;
small water supply.

Such a source can only provide small house. For watering green spaces, gardens, household needs and other benefits of civilization, the water in the well will not be enough. Volume of water per hour averages 150-250 liters.

Spring water has always been valued for its unique composition and purity. This is due to the fact that it does not mix with the upper waters, since the fence comes from the depths of the earth. Having a well on its site, it will be possible to use clean and high-quality water. In addition to this, there are other advantages:

hygiene;
large volumes of stocks;
durability;
ease of operation.

In addition to the undeniable advantages, this method of extracting water has its drawbacks. These include:

the smell of water;
high price;
if the pump fails, it is impossible to get water.

According to experts, it is better to build a well when there are no aquifers in the country house or it is impossible to drill a well due to difficult terrain. Consideration should be given to cases where pure water in some areas was at a depth of 100-150 meters. With such a water occurrence, it is easier to build a well.

A well from a well basically differs in diameter. Wells are narrower than wells. The well bottom and walls of the well are always available for cleaning. You can fill it with water at any time. The well needs electricity to operate. You will also need reliable pump capable of supplying water to the surface.

All options have distinctive characteristics that are worth paying attention to. For country house, in which it is planned to live permanently, it is better to choose a well. At their summer cottage, any type of well is quite suitable, since it will not be used constantly.

Consumption ecology. Manor: Not all dacha and horticultural communities can boast of having a central water supply. Some gardeners, despite the fact that their plots are equipped with running water, opt for a well or a well. What are the reasons for their preference?

Not all dacha and horticultural communities can boast of having a central water supply. Some gardeners, despite the fact that their plots are equipped with running water, opt for a well or a well. What are the reasons for their preference?

What is better a well or a well in a summer cottage

It happens that a well or a well is the only source of water supply in a summer cottage. Without water, it will not be possible to cook food, water plants, and take a bath. In this case, the reason is obvious.

But sometimes summer residents dig wells or wells, even if there is a central water supply on the site. The reason for this is the poor quality of water from plumbing system. This may also be due to insufficient water, because very often in summer period its supply is limited in time. A large number of people using plumbing also negatively affects the level of water pressure.

It happens that there are failures in the water supply due to malfunctions of the central water supply system. That's when you have to extract water from your own well or well.

There is no doubt that the site needs its own source of water supply.

It remains only to determine what it will be: a well or a well? Most gardeners face this problem sooner or later.

We determine the nature of the soil

Before you start building your own source of water supply, you should determine the nature of the soil and find out at what depth the aquifer lay. Some amount useful information You can find out from neighbors who already have experience in such construction. But the services of specialists will be more effective.

Various breeds lie in earth's crust, forming layers (clay layers, sand, black soil). During the construction of the mine, a layer can be found that has the ability to release water. This suggests that under it there is an aquifer that does not allow water to pass through. Usually, this is a clay layer, it is called an aquifer.

On the different areas the aquifer has its own degree of smoothness and uniformity, so there are various aquifers that differ in volume. The number of layers and the depth at which they lie depend on the nature of the soil. The purity of water is affected by the purity of the soil and the depth at which the water is located.

Classification of groundwater reserves

There are the following types of water resources that lie underground:

top water;
ground water;
artesian type of water resources

Closest to the earth's surface is perched water - a layer characterized by its inconstancy. It's pretty dirty. organic matter and has a lot of iron.

In winter or during a drought, this layer may disappear. If the top water is located at a short distance from the surface of the earth, then swampy areas may form at this place. This water cannot be used, therefore, when building a well, it must be isolated. Verkhovodka lies at a depth of no more than 4 meters.

Waters that are located below the level of the perch at the nearest water-resistant horizon are called groundwater. These are non-pressure waters, which are located in the well shaft at the same depth as during their stay in the rock. When leaving the surface of the earth, ground water form springs or springs. The greatest depth at which groundwater occurs is 10 meters.

Quite deep in the aquifers of the layers lie artesian water resources. They are located under overpressure between two pressure layers, not without reason they are called pressure. They lie at a depth of more than 40 meters.

Shaft well construction

To build a well in a summer cottage, it is necessary to dig a shaft. This can be done either manually or with special machines. The decisive factors in choosing a method are the availability of labor resources and finances.

Advantages of a well over a well:

requires less financial costs, unlike a well;
well rings are much wider, which ensures unhindered maintenance of the well: cleaning it and changing the pump;
even if the power supply is interrupted, the water can be raised up with a pump.

The disadvantages of the well include:

wells have a smaller water supply;
the degree of purity of well water is much lower than in a well. This is especially noticeable in the spring and after the rains.

The cost of a well is largely related to how many rings will be used.

The construction of one well takes from 5 to 10 rings. Installation is done within a day.

Construction of the Abyssinian (driving) well

Such unusual name the well was given by the country of its origin - Ethiopia (Abyssinia). It was there that it was invented in the 19th century.

The Abyssinian type of well consists of a pipe up to an inch in diameter. The length of the pipe is possible up to 15 meters.

The top of the pipe is equipped with a pump, and at the bottom there is a fine mesh filter. The life of the well is 10 years or more. The volume of water that comes from the well in one hour is approximately 1 cubic meter.

Pros:

to install the structure, it is not necessary to use overall devices;
a well is being built even in a basement or garage.

Installing an Abyssinian well does not require large financial investments.

Minuses:

the construction of Abyssinian wells is possible only on soft and loose soils;
due to the fact that the rise of water occurs with the help of vacuum pumps, the water level should not be at a depth exceeding 8 meters.

As a rule, the price of an Abyssinian well is fixed and its depth does not affect its value in any way.

Well construction

The advantages of wells (pipe wells) include the fact that the water in them is much cleaner than well water. The wells contain a large supply of it;

The negative point is the high cost of the well and the impossibility of extracting water if the pump breaks down.

Well construction is carried out by teams specialized in these services.

Wells and their varieties

Wells according to the method of drilling are divided into:

filter, drilling of which takes place on the sand;
artesian wells are drilled into limestone.

Filter wells reach from 10 to 35 meters in depth, their diameter varies in the range of 127 - 133 millimeters. The period of use can last up to 15 years.

The advantages of sand wells include:

the drilling procedure takes about a day;
do not require the use of large devices;
do not need registration and registration of a license;
it is possible to use cheap pumps;
a small amount of iron in the water.

The disadvantages include:

silt formation;
small amount of water supplied;
high cost of well cleaning services;

The operating period is 50 years or more.

Advantages of an artesian well:

long service life;
not prone to silting;
are not subject to pollution by surface runoff;
large volume of water supplied.

Negative points:

high cost;
a long period licensing;
mandatory water tax;
expensive equipment;
Various contaminants hazardous to health may be present in the water.

What pipes are better to use for a water well

For the construction of wells, seamless seamless pipes of steel. Steel should not be galvanized, because zinc adversely affects human health.

An excellent solution is a plastic pipe installed inside a steel casing. This can lead to higher installation costs.

Time of chemical analysis

It is advisable to carry out a chemical analysis of water approximately one month after the start-up of the downhole system. The choice of equipment depends on the results obtained.

When choosing a source of water supply, it should be remembered that it should be as comfortable and easy to use as possible. published

Many people living in the private sector seek to equip a source of water on their estate.

After all, a good and high-quality source of water is the key to a comfortable stay in the house.

It could be a well or a well.

The choice is determined by several factors: the geological features of the site, the necessary debit, the financial capabilities of the owner.

To begin with, it is necessary to mention what kind of water is under the surface of the earth. Its quality and volume depend on it.

Verkhovodka is a layer of water that is the least buried.. Before it is usually less than 3-4 meters. The top water is replenished when the snow melts or when it rains heavily. Water contains pollution from the surface of the earth. This source is suitable for best case for agricultural and technical needs. During the dry season, it dries up.
Groundwater is located deeper than the perch and is limited from below by the first water-resistant layer.. They are most often used for wells and shallow wells. This underground source is fed by filtering water from the surface, so the liquid is not always drinkable and requires periodic chemical and microbiological analysis.
Interstratal waters are protected by rock on both sides almost throughout, so such a source is better protected from external influence. The depth at which these underground waters are located exceeds 10 meters. On this horizon, both wells and wells can be equipped. Water is usually weakly mineralized, cleaner, from the point of view of microbiology, than groundwater and perched water
artesian waters- This is a kind of interlayer type. The aquifer usually runs below 100 m and is enclosed between layers rock and is a source of pressure. When opening a water-resistant roof, water rises along the column and often beats like a fountain above the surface of the earth. This is a high-debit source, which at the same time is often characterized by high mineralization. However, in terms of microbiological composition, it is ideal.

Thus, the water different depth differ from each other in their composition. Another important feature is the productivity of the well and well. This characteristic determines not only the suitability of the source for providing water to the house, but also the required performance of water-lifting equipment.

In most cases, a well is more productive than a well. The last maximum per hour can produce 0.5 m 3 of water. The performance of a gerbil is on average 1 m 3. The most watery is the artesian, it can be used to supply the entire village with water.

Wells and wells differ in other properties.

The well as an inexpensive but reliable source

For the water supply of a small private house, preference is given to a well, the depth of which depends on the occurrence of the vein. But it is not cost-effective to resort to this method of extracting groundwater if you have to go deeper than 15 meters.

You can stop at the top water if well water is needed only for watering the garden. But keep in mind that in dry times you may be deprived of water.

By the way, exactly the driest time of the year is preferred for arranging a well source. It is usually advised to carry out the whole process in the fall, then the earth lends itself better to digging, and it will be possible to get to the lower vein, in which long time contains clean water.

Installation is carried out usually in the following way.

buy required amount rings. This value depends on the depth of the structure. To determine the level of occurrence of the aquifer, it is better to contact geologists. An easier but less reliable option is to talk to neighbors who already have a well.
At the chosen location install the first ring.
The soil is removed inside the ring. They also dig in from the outside to be able to level the column and seal it.
Rings gradually fall down under their own weight.
The next element is placed on top. connecting with the previous one. All joints must be sealed, since water will only have to come from below from the aquifer.
A hole is made in the penultimate ring for connecting the outlet pipeline, if it is planned to supply water directly to the house using a pump.
After reaching the aquifer equip the bottom pebble filter.
From above around the ring do clay castle , the head of the well in without fail must have at least a lid. You can build a stylized house.

Installation of the well is quite simple, but laborious. The operation of the source is not difficult either. There are 2 options for lifting water:

it is possible to install pumping equipment, both surface and deep, depending on the depth of the mine;
use of the old-fashioned method - coils with a bucket or "crane".

Periodically, the well needs to be pumped, the bottom filter cleaned. Sometimes deepening of the mine is required.

The negative qualities of a well are:

small debit;
high probability of water pollution from outside, including microbiological agents;
for installation errors can get into well water and dirty top water;
the well occupies more space on the surface than a well.

However, against the background of all the minuses, the well has a number of positive qualities:

low price arrangement;
availability of materials and tools;
ease of maintenance(cleaning and replacement of pumping equipment);
Possibility of manual lifting of water in the absence of electricity.

Wells - expensive, but high quality and convenient

Compared to a well the well is more technologically advanced and has several advantages:

greater performance;
closed source from external influences;
lesser occupied area.

Otherwise, the characteristics of the well depend on its type.

Abyssinian well

"Abyssinka" is actually not a well, but a well-needle. Her last name is associated with the form. The well has an inch shaft, which narrows downward, where it eventually passes into a filter and a pointed tip.

Water lifting equipment is installed at the top. It can be an electric or manual pump.

The arrangement of such a source can be carried out with my own hands . The process is the clogging of the mine with its gradual build-up until reaching the aquifer. The depth of such a source does not exceed 12 m, which is due to the capabilities of the surface pump.

The Abyssinian well has several advantages:

simplicity and low installation cost;
the possibility of arranging inside the house in basement, as well as transfer to another place in case of silting;
good performance, allowing to provide a small house with water;
ability to work without electricity with a hand pump.

To negative characteristics wells-needles include:

impossibility of driving in rocky soils;
depth limit(water mirror should not be lower than 8 m).

filter well

If the aquifer is located at a depth of 10 to 50 m in the sandy layer, then a filter, or sandy, well is equipped. It consists of several elements:

casing pipe, which simultaneously plays the role of water supply;
bottom filter;
submersible pump;
head.

Such a source can be arranged independently, but it is better to trust professionals. This is especially true for pump installation.

Source performance suitable for small house . But the sand well has several negative qualities:

decrease in debit in the case of using the same aquifer with a neighbor;
the need for annual filter cleaning and year-round operation;
service life does not exceed 15 years.

Artesian well

"Artezianka" is the most debit well. The water in it is maximally protected from the negative impact. external environment. But this does not mean that the quality of the liquid meets the standards. Often, water treatment is necessary in the form of softening, iron removal and demanganization, which requires additional costs and allocation of space for the installation of filters.

Another disadvantage is the need to obtain permits for drilling, which, by the way, cannot be done on our own, since you have to go deep.

So this source is also the most expensive. In addition, the well, namely pumping equipment annual maintenance required.

Sometimes it is an artesian well that is the best option. For example, for big houses. You can connect a whole group of houses, while significantly reducing the cost of drilling and development. In addition, this source will last a long time.

Issue price

The cost of the well is the lowest. One reinforced concrete ring estimated at about 1.5 thousand rubles, excluding delivery. Usually they need about 10 pieces. You also need to add the price of waterproofing. If it is planned not to manually raise the water, then the price of the pump is added, which is about 10 thousand rubles.

A ready-made kit for an Abessinian well without water-lifting equipment will cost 5-10 thousand rubles, depending on the depth. You can prepare all the elements yourself, which will slightly reduce the cost. A turnkey well-needle is estimated at about 25-30 thousand rubles.

The main costs for installing a sand well are:

drilling, which is determined by the type of soil and is estimated at about 1.5 thousand rubles per linear meter;
submersible pump, which can cost 10,000 rubles or more.

Turnkey filter well costs about 200 thousand rubles

For drilling each running meter an artesian well will have to pay an average of 2.5 thousand rubles, and you will have to go deeper by 100 meters or more.

Obtaining permits and licensing is expensive, which can amount to 300 thousand rubles.

Thus, the final the price of an artesian can exceed 500 thousand rubles.

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